| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Axelsson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Vanishing hardness-flux correlation in Cygnus X-1 : Signs of the disc moving out
- 2008
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 490:1, s. 253-258
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims. We investigate observations of the X-ray binary Cygnus X-1 with unusually high hardness and low flux. In particular, we study the characteristic frequencies seen in the PDS and the hardness-flux correlation within and between these observations.Methods. We analyse observations of Cyg X-1 during periods when the source reaches its highest hardness levels (≳ 1 for the 9-20 keV over 2-4 keV RXTE/PCA count ratios, corresponding to Γ ≲ 1.6). Using the relativistic precession model to interpret the PDS, we estimate a value for the inner radius of the accretion disc. We also study the hardness-flux correlation.Results. In the selected observations, the characteristic frequencies seen in the power spectrum are shifted to the lowest end of their frequency range. Within a single observation, the hardness-flux correlation is very weak, contrary to the negative correlation normally observed in the hard state. We suggest that this could be interpreted as the inner disc boundary being at large radii (≳50Rg), thereby requiring more time to adjust to a changing accretion rate than allowed by a single RXTE observation, and compare our findings to estimates of the viscous time scale responsible for small scale variability in the system.
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| 4. |
- Bagoly, Zsolt, et al.
(author)
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Principal Component Analysis of Gamma-Ray Bursts' Spectra
- 2005
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In: Nuovo Cimento C. ; 28:3, s. 295-298
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The origin of dark bursts--i.e. that have no observed afterglows in X-ray, optical/NIR and radio ranges--is unclear yet. Different possibilities--instrumental biases, very high redshifts, extinction in the host galaxies--are discussed and shown to be important. On the other hand, the dark bursts should not form a new subgroup of long gamma-ray bursts themselves.
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| 5. |
- Borgonovo, L., et al.
(author)
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On the hardness-intensity correlation in gamma-ray burst pulses
- 2001
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In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 548:2, s. 770-786
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the hardness-intensity correlation (HIC) in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In particular, we analyze the decay phase of pulse structures in their light curves. The study comprises a sample of 82 long pulses selected from 66 long bursts observed by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. We find that at least 57% of these pulses have HICs that can be well described by a power law. A number of the other cases can still be explained with the power-law model if various limitations of the observations are taken into account. The distribution of the power-law indices gamma, obtained by modeling the HIC of pulses from different bursts, is broad, with a mean of 1.9 and a standard deviation of 0.7. We also compare indices among pulses from the same bursts and find that their distribution is significantly narrower. The probability p of a random coincidence is shown to be very small (< 2 x 10(-5)). In most cases, the indices are equal to within the uncertainties. These results demand a physical model to be able to reproduce multiple pulses with similar characteristics for an individual burst, but with a large diversity for pulses from an ensemble of bursts. This is particularly relevant when comparing the external versus the internal models. In our analysis, we also use a new method for studying the hardness-intensity correlation, in which the intensity is represented by the peak value of the EFE spectrum, where E is the energy and F-E is the energy flux spectrum. We compare it to the traditional method in which the intensity over a finite energy range is used instead, which may be an incorrect measure of the bolometric intensity. This new method gives stronger correlations and is useful in the study of various aspects of the HIC. In particular, it produces a better agreement between indices of different pulses within the same burst. Also, we find that some pulses exhibit a track jump in their HICs, in which the correlation jumps between two power laws with the same index. We discuss the possibility that the track jump is caused by strongly overlapping pulses. Based on our findings, the constancy of the index is proposed to be used as a tool for pulse identification in overlapping pulses and examples of its application are given.
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| 6. |
- Borgonovo, Luis, et al.
(author)
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On the temporal variability classes found in long gamma-ray bursts with known redshift
- 2007
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 465:3, s. 765-775
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Based on the analysis of a small sample of BATSE and Konus gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with know redshift it has been reported that the width of the autocorrelation function (ACF) shows a remarkable bimodal distribution in the rest-frame of the source. However, the origin of these two well-separated ACF classes remains unexplained. Aims: We study the properties of the bursts belonging to each ACF class and look for significant differences between them.Methods: We complement previous ACF analysis studying the corresponding power density spectra (PDS). With the addition of Beppo-SAX data and taken advantage of its broad-band capability, we not only increase the burst sample but we extend the analysis to X-ray energies.Results: The rest-frame PDS analysis at γ-ray energies shows that the two ACF classes are not simply characterised by a different low frequency cut-off, but they have a distinct variability as a whole in the studied frequency range. Both classes exhibit average PDS with power-law behaviour at high frequencies (f' ≥ 0.1 Hz) but significantly different slopes, with index values close to those of Brownian (-2) and Kolmogorov (-5/3) spectra for the narrow and broad classes respectively. The latter spectrum presents an additional PDS component, a low-frequency noise excess with a sharp cut-off at a characteristic frequency f'c ≃ 0.025 Hz, in conjunction with the small relative dispersion (~6%) of the ACF width in this class. At X-ray energies we find the power-law index unchanged for the broad class, but a significantly steeper slope in the narrow case (~-3). We interpret this as an indication that the broad class bursts have weaker spectral evolution than the narrow ones, as suggested also by our analysis of the ACF energy dependence. The low and high frequency PDS components may then arise from two radiating regions involving different emission mechanisms. We compare our GRB sample conditioned by afterglow detections with a complete, flux limited BATSE sample, finding a significant bias against narrow ACF bursts.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, S., et al.
(author)
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The Background of the INTEGRAL SPI Anticoincidence Shield and the Observations of GRBs
- 2004
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In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTEGRAL WORKSHOP ON THE INTEGRAL UNIVERSE. - : European Space Agency. - 9290928638 ; , s. 649-652
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The anti-coincidence shield, ACS, of the spectrometer, SPI (Vedrenne et al., 2003), on INTEGRAL provides the possibility to study temporal properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with high resolution (Rau et al. 2004). To correctly interpret the results of the analysis, a good understanding of the back,ground and noise levels of the instrument is required. The back-round noise of the ACS, oil timescales up to the length of a GRB, has a Gaussian distribution and its power is independent of frequency, that is, it is white noise. However, it does not follow a Poisson statistic since on average the variance is similar to 1.6 times larger than the mean, and varies significantly. We find a systematic relation between the mean count rate and its variance. The ratio, variance/mean, decreases as the mean count rate increases. As well as helping to understand the cause of this effect, this characterisation is useful when modelling the time variability of GRBs. To illustrate the discussion we present some GRB light curves detected by the SPI/ACS and shortly discuss the analysis that has been made of them.
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| 8. |
- Meszaros, A., et al.
(author)
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On the origin of the dark gamma-ray bursts
- 2005
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In: Nuovo cimento della societa italiana de fisica. C, Geophysics and space physics. - 1124-1896 .- 1826-9885. ; 28:3, s. 311-314
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The origin of dark bursts-i.e. that have no observed afterglows in X-ray, optical/NIR and radio ranges-is unclear yet. Different possibilities-instrumental biases, very high redshifts, extinction in the host galaxies-are discussed and shown to be important. On the other hand, the dark bursts should not form a new subgroup of long gamma-ray bursts themselves.
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| 9. |
- Ryde, Felix, et al.
(author)
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Gamma-ray bursts observed by the INTEGRAL-SPI anticoincidence shield : A study of individual pulses and temporal variability
- 2003
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 411:1, s. L331-L342
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study a set of 28 GRB light-curves detected between 15 December 2002 and 9 June 2003 by the anti-coincidence shield of the spectrometer (SPI) of INTEGRAL. During this period it has detected 50 bursts, that have been confirmed by other instruments, with a time resolution of 50 ms. First, we derive the basic characteristics of the bursts: various duration measures, the count peak flux and the count fluence. Second, a sub-sample of 11 bursts with 12 individual, well-separated pulses is studied. We fit the pulse shape with a model by Kocevski et al. (2003) and find that the pulses are quite self-similar in shape. There is also a weak tendency for the pulses with steep power-law decays to be more asymmetric. Third, the variability of the complex light-curves is studied by analyzing their power-density-spectra (PDS) and their RMS variability. The averaged PDS, of the whole sample, is a power-law with index of 1.60+/-0.05 and a break between 1-2 Hz. Fourth, we also discuss the background and noise levels. We found that the background noise has a Gaussian distribution and its power is independent of frequency, i.e., it is white noise. However, it does not follow a Poisson statistic since on average the variance is similar to1.6 larger than the mean. We discuss our results in context of the current theoretical picture in which GRBs are created in an anisotropic, highly relativistic outflow from collapsing massive stars. Finally, we note that the exact behaviour of the instrument is not yet known and therefore the above results should be treated as preliminary.
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