| 1. |
- Emadi, Arezoo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Fabrication and characterisation of High Power HBV Diodes
- 2005
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Ingår i: 16th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology; Chalmers Conference Centre, May 2-4, 2005, Gothenburg, Sweden, (Eds. Jan Stake, Harald Merkel.). ; , s. Session: P05-04
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present design and analysis of material structures and device geometries for heterostructure barrier varactor diodes (HBVs) for high-power frequency multipliers. The methods aim at finding optimum epitaxial layer structures with respect to diode power handling capability and efficiency. A distributed device geometry for further increasing the output power levels whilst maintaining acceptable device temperatures is also presented. Finally, an electro-thermal HBV model with the ability of incorporating temperature-dependent device parameters is used to simulate the introduced devices, followed by a design example of a 3×4-barrier high-power HBV diode.
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| 2. |
- Emadi, Arezoo, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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High power HBV multipliers for F- and G- band applications
- 2004
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Ingår i: IRMMW 2004/THz 2004 / M. Thumm, W. Wiesbeck. - 0780384903 ; , s. 319-320
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Progress and realisation of applications in the 100-240 GHz region is inhibited by the lack of high-power sources. Therefore, in an effort to reach watts of output power, we have tailored devices, circuits, materials, and design and fabrication methods for improved thermal management and high overall conversion efficiencies.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bryllert, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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11% efficiency 100 GHz InP-based heterostructure barrier varactor quintupler
- 2005
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 41:3, s. 131-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A record conversion efficiency of 11.4% at 100 GHz using a heterostructure barrier varactor (HBV) quintupler is demonstrated. The quintupler is based on a microstrip circuit mounted in a full-height crossed-waveguide block. The nonlinear element consists of a planar HBV diode fabricated in InGaAs=InAlAs=AlAs epitaxial layers on an InP substrate.
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| 5. |
- Bryllert, Tomas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A broadband heterostructure barrier varactor tripler source
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (MTT). - 0149-645X. - 9781424460571 ; , s. 344-347
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first demonstration of a broadband Heterostructure Barrier Varactor tripler, designed to cover a major part of the WR-8 waveguide band. The source comprises a waveguide housing, a six-barrier InP-HBV diode flip-chip mounted on an AlN microstrip filter circuit. The conversion loss 3-dB bandwidth was measured to 17 % at a center frequency of 112 GHz. The maximum output power was more than 15 mW for an input power of 300 mW. There are no mechanical tuners or DC-bias, which simplifies assembly and allows for ultra-compact design.
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| 6. |
- Bryllert, Tomas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A monolithic 280 GHz HBV frequency tripler
- 2010
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Ingår i: IRMMW-THz 2010 - 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Conference Guide. - 9781424466573
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the design and measurements of a Heterostructure Barrier Varactor based frequency tripler for 280 GHz. The tripler is fabricated as a monolithic circuit on an InP substrate, including the input and output waveguide probes. Several circuit versions for input power levels between 100 mW and 1W have been designed. © 2010 IEEE.
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| 7. |
- Hanning, Johanna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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HBV MMIC frequency tripler and quintupler for high power THz applications
- 2011
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Ingår i: Millimetre Wave Days Proceedings,The 6th ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications AND The 4th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves GSMM2011, May 23rd – May 25th, 2011, MilliLab, Espoo, Finland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the development status of two different HBV frequency multipliers, with x3 and x5 multiplication for a 282 GHz and 470 GHz output respectively. The multipliers are designed for high power operation and fabricated in an InP monolithic process. Preliminary measurements of the x3 multiplier demonstrate 10 % conversion efficiency at 296 GHz.
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| 8. |
- Olsen, Arne, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Compact frequency sources using high-order multipliers
- 2009
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Ingår i: 5th ESA Workshop on Millimetre Wave Technology and Applications. ; , s. 189-193
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-order multipliers are a suitable method for making compact frequency sources for high frequencies (> 100 GHz). A fixed frequency phased-locked source, where a fundamental source is multiplied up using among an in-house varactor diode multiplier, has a low phase noise and will be described in this article. These multipliers are based on the Heterostructure Barrier Varactor (HBV) diode, and can either triple or quintuple the frequency. Fixed frequencies from 90 to 220 GHz can be produced by using a combination of only one diode multiplier and a common source unit. A design rule for next generation of multipliers, where the power handling is emphasised, is also included. These multipliers will take the signal source up to a frequency of 500 GHz.
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| 9. |
- Olsen, Arne, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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HBV Frequency Quintuplers
- 2005
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Ingår i: 16th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 500 GHz heterostructure-barrier-varactor quintupler has been designed and fabricated. The design consists of a mixture of waveguide and microstrip components for impedance matching. A InP based HBV diode is flip-chip mounted onto the quartz circuit, where beam-leads are used for ground connections to the waveguide block. Extensive back-side processing has been carried out in order to create these beam-leads. The multiplier is a frequency scaled version of a successful 100 GHz quintupler with a conversion efficiency of 11.4%.
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| 10. |
- Sobis, Peter, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Compact 340 GHz Receiver Front-Ends
- 2009
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Ingår i: 20th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology. ; , s. 183-189
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compact 340 GHz room temperature receiver front-end has been developed consisting of a subharmonic Schottky diode mixer module with an integrated LNA. A novel sideband separation topology has been evaluated by using a pair of the developed mixers interconnected by external waveguide branch guide coupler hybrids for the LO and RF feedings and coaxial IF hybrids, measuring sideband suppression levels of 5 dB to 15 dB over the 315-365 GHz band.For efficient LO pumping of the sideband separating mixer, a novel high power LO chain based on a 5 x 34 GHz HBV quintupler (170 GHz LO source) has been developed with an ultra compact mechanical block housing, not much larger then a waveguide flange. We have also looked into a broadband medium LO power source consisting of a W-band active multiplier module, based on commercial MMIC chips from Hittite, followed by a medium power Schottky doubler from VDI.The demonstrated compact receiver front end has a considerably reduced size and weight owing to the high multiplication factor of the compact LO chain and mixer with integrated LNA. The novel sideband separating topology that uses 90 degree hybrids for both LO and RF resolves the standing wave issue of a previously proposed topology, in which a matched Y-junction was used as an RF hybrid and a branch guide coupler with a 45 degree differential line phase shifter at the output, was used for the LO feeding. The proposed topology improves both the sideband suppression and reduces the standing waves at the LO and RF ports.
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| 11. |
- Stake, Jan, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Development of high power HBV multipliers for millimeter wave applications
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819468970 ; 6739, s. 67390U-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a high-power frequency tripler for 110 GHz and a quintupler for 200-210 GHz. The tripler (×3), that is based on a single HBV diode, produces 240 mW of output power with a 3-dB bandwidth of 6%. This is the highest output power ever recorded for an HBV based multiplier irrespective of output frequency. The module features an ultra-compact waveguide block design, and a microstrip matching circuit on high-thermal-conductivity AlN to improve the power handling capability. Furthermore, we present an HBV quintupler (×5) that delivers more than 20 mW at 202 GHz.
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| 12. |
- Stake, Jan, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Development of integrated submillimeter wave diodes for sources and detectors
- 2010
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Ingår i: 13th European Microwave Week 2010: Connecting the World, EuMIC 2010; Paris; France; 26 September 2010 through 1 October 2010. - 9782874870156 ; , s. 226-229
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present progress and status of Heterostructure Barrier Varactor multiplier sources and development of integrated Schottky diode mixers for submillimeter wave applications.
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| 13. |
- Stake, Jan, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Heterostructure Barrier Varactor Quintuplers for Terahertz Applications
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference. - 9782874870071 ; , s. 206-209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present progress and status of Heterostructure Barrier Varactor quintupler sources for 170 GHz and 210 GHz (G-band). The source modules feature an ultra-compact waveguide block design, and a microstrip matching circuit on high-thermal-conductivity AlN to improve the power handling capability. Furthermore, we present progress on design and fabrication of integrated HBV circuits for terahertz applications.
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| 14. |
- Vukusic, Josip, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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HBV tripler with 21% efficiency at 102 GHz
- 2006
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194. ; 42:6, s. 355-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An InAlGaAs/InP based heterostructure barrier varactor (HBV) frequency multiplier is designed and fabricated. Embedded on a circuit in a multiplier block, the system exhibits state-of-the-art, flange-to-flange efficiency of 21% at 102 GHz. The maximum output power was 32 mW, which could be further increased by scaling and integration of the device.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Vukusic, Josip, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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High power W-band monolithically integrated tripler
- 2009
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Ingår i: 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, IRMMW-THz 2009; Busan; South Korea; 21 September 2009 through 25 September 2009. - 9781424454174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have designed, fabricated and characterized a Heterostructure Barrier Varactor based monolithic tripler at 97 GHz. The original InP host substrate is used as the microstrip waveguide. Measurement results show efficiencies of almost 20% and a maximum output power of 85 mW. Initial comparison with hybrid (flip-chip) solutions imply that the monolithic approach has superior performance.
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| 17. |
- Vukusic, Josip, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Monolithic HBV-Based 282-GHz Tripler With 31-mW Output Power
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 33:6, s. 800-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a heterostructure barrier varactor multiplier at 282 GHz. The tripler chip was monolithically fabricated in the InGaAs/InAlAs material system on InP as carrier substrate and mounted in a fix-tuned, waveguide block. Standard rectangular waveguides WR-10/WR-3 connect the multiplier chip to the respective input/output of the waveguide block. Measurements produced 31 mW of output power and a minimum conversion loss of 11.6 dB (7 % efficiency). The device dimensions and their electrical and thermal influence are also presented.
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| 18. |
- Ankel, Martin, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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Bistatic noise radar: Demonstration of correlation noise suppression
- 2023
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Ingår i: IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8792 .- 1751-8784. ; 17:3, s. 351-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, spatial separation of the radar transmitter and receiver units is considered, as a means of reducing the masking effect in noise radars. A bistatic radar system is constructed, with emphasis on a lightweight transmitter unit that can be mounted on a commercial Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The system uses pseudo-random noise, generated digitally at the receiver and transmitter units. Correlation losses, due to non-linearities in the transmitter and receiver units, are measured to 0.1 dB. This study shows that by separating the transmitter and receiver unit the masking effect is significantly reduced, compared to a monostatic setup. This reduction is enough for the system to detect a slow flying UAV. Thus, bistatic separation should be considered as a practical tool to reduce the masking effect. By processing clutter with an extended CLEAN algorithm, the correlation noise floor is further suppressed.
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| 19. |
- Ankel, Martin, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Evaluation of Moving Target Compensation in High Time-Bandwidth Noise Radar
- 2023
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Ingår i: 20th European Radar Conference, EuRAD 2023. ; , s. 213-216
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, the effect a moving target has on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) for high time-bandwidth noise radars is investigated. To compensate for cell migration we apply a computationally efficient stretch processing algorithm that is tailored for batched processing and suitable for implementation onto a real-time radar processor. The performance of the algorithm is studied using experimental data. In the experiment, pseudorandom noise, with a bandwidth of 100 MHz, is generated and transmitted in real-time. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), flown at a speed of 11.5 m/s, is acting as a target. For an integration time of 1 s, the algorithm is shown to yield an increase in SINR of roughly 13 dB, compared to no compensation. It is also shown that coherent integration times of 2.5 s can be achieved.
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| 20. |
- Ankel, Martin, 1996, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of a coherent real‐time noise radar system
- 2023
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Ingår i: IET radar, sonar & navigation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8784 .- 1751-8792.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The utilisation of continuous random waveforms for radar, that is, noise radar, has been extensively studied as a candidate for low probability of intercept operation. However, compared with the more traditional pulse-Doppler radar, noise radar systems are significantly more complicated to implement, which is likely why few systems exist. If noise radar systems are to see the light of day, system design, implementation, limitations etc., must be investigated. Therefore, the authors examine and detail the implementation of a real-time noise radar system on a field programmable gate array. The system is capable of operating with 100% duty cycle, 200 MHz bandwidth, and 268 ms integration time while processing a range of about 8.5 km. Additionally, the system can perform real-time moving target compensation to reduce cell migration. System performance is primarily limited by the memory bandwidth of the off-chip dynamic random access memory.
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| 21. |
- Bonmann, Marlene, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Sub-millimetre wave range-Doppler radar as a diagnostic tool for gas-solids systems - solids concentration measurements
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-8831 .- 1568-5527. ; 34:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current non-intrusive measurement techniques for characterising the solids flow in gas-solids suspensions are limited by the low temporal or low spatial resolution of the sample volume, or in the case of optical methods, by a short range of sight. In this work, a sub-millimetre wave range-Doppler radar is developed and validated for non-intrusive sensing of solids concentrations in a gas-solids particle system with known characteristics. The radar system combines favourable features, such as the ability to see through at optical frequencies opaque materials, to measure the local solids velocity and the reflected radar power with a spatial resolution of a few cubic centimetres over distances of a few metres. In addition, the radar hardware offers flexibility in terms of installation. After signal processing, the output of the radar is range-velocity images of the solids flowing along the radar’s line-of-sight. The image frame rate can be close to real-time, allowing the solids flow dynamics to be observed. While the well-established Doppler principle is used to measure the solids velocity, this paper introduces a method to relate the received radar signal power to the solids volumetric concentrations (cv) of different particulate materials. The experimental set-up provides a steady stream of free-falling solids that consist of glass spheres, bronze spheres or natural sand grains with known particle size distributions and with particle diameters in the range of 50–300 µm. Thus, the values of cv found using the radar measurements are validated using the values of cv retrieved from closure of the mass balance derived from the measured mass flow rate of the solids stream and the solids velocity. The results show that the radar system provides reliable measurements of cv, with a mean relative error of approximately 25 % for all the tested materials, particle sizes and mass flow rates, yielding values of cv ranging from 0.2 × 10-4 m3/m3 up to 40 × 10-4 m3/m3 and solids velocities within the range of 0–4.5 m/s. This demonstrates the ability of the radar technology to diagnose the solids flow in gas-solids suspensions using a unique combination of penetration length, accuracy, and spatial and time resolution. In future work, the radar technique will be applied to study non-controlled solids flow at a larger scale, and to understand flow conditions relevant to industrial reactor applications, e.g., fluidised bed, entrained flow, and cyclone units.
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| 22. |
- Bonmann, Marlene, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Terahertz radar observes powder dynamics for pharmaceutical manufacturing
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - 1558-1748 .- 1530-437X. ; 24:13, s. 20512-20522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical opaqueness of powders has precluded the observation of powder flow dynamics in processing tubes, with important implications, for example, in the pharmaceutical industry, where non-destructive monitoring during the manufacturing process is essential to ensure the quality of the final product and the effectiveness of the process. Taking advantage of the high penetration of terahertz electromagnetic waves in powders and its wavelength-to-particle size ratio, we demonstrate that a submillimeter-wave pulse-Doppler radar can overcome the present challenges and characterize powder flow dynamics in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Mimicking typical vessel shapes in pharmaceutical operations, we were able to characterize falling powder streams in a tube with a sample volume resolution of a few cubic centimeters and a range resolution of about 5 mm. We successfully monitored particle velocity, particle distribution within the tube, and mass flow rate in real-time. This remote sensing method, based on advanced terahertz electronics, opens up the possibility to study and monitor powder dynamics in a wide range of applications.
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| 23. |
- Bryllert, Tomas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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220-GHz imaging radar with 1 Hz frame rate using an array of homodyne transceivers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 10634
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a 220 GHz imaging radar prototype that has been developed in the European Defense Agency (EDA) project TIPPSI. The purpose of the development was to demonstrate short-range high-resolution 3D imaging for security applications at checkpoints, and to guide the development of stand-off real-time millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave imaging systems for detection of larger objects at greater distances. An additional goal was to experimentally verify simulation techniques for active (sub)-mmw imaging systems, the verified simulation techniques can then be used to explore different system architectures. The 220 GHz imaging radar prototype consist of a flexible, mechanically scanned optical system that can support linear arrays of transmit/receive (TxRx) units up to 150 mm in length. The optical system is divided into two parts: A compact Dragonian system including the mechanical scanner that can be used as a stand-alone imager at reduced target distance and resolution, and a confocal system that can be added to achieve the full resolution of 1 cm x 1 cm x 1 cm at 4.5 m target distance. The field of view of the full resolution system is 70 cm x 70 cm. The front-end is currently populated by 4 TxRx units that are sparsely distributed along the 150 mm focal plane. The TxRx units operate in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) mode and have a bandwidth of 24 GHz. Each TxRx unit use a single horn antenna and the transmit- and receive signals are generated and received using the same circuits which avoids the need of a duplexer. We will demonstrate high resolution 3D videos taken at 1 Hz frame rate and compare the individual images with simulations using electromagnetic simulators and character/clothes animation.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Bryllert, Tomas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A 175 GHz HBV Frequency Quintupler With 60 mW Output Power
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. - 1558-1764 .- 1531-1309. ; 22:2, s. 76-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this letter, we present a fixed tuned 175 GHz frequency quintupler with 60 mW output power. The peak efficiency is 6.3% and the 3 dB bandwidth is 8 GHz. The multiplier is based on a single Heterostructure Barrier Varactor (HBV) diode that is flip-chip soldered into a microtsrip matching circuit. All the matching is done “on-chip” and there is no need for dc bias. The multiplier block is very compact (25 x 9 x 8 mm^3).
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