| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2010
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Adamik, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of the Severeness Rate, Death Rate, Household Attack Rate and the Total Number of COVID-19 Cases Based on 16 115 Polish Surveillance Records
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Estimating the actual number of COVID-19 infections is crucial for steering through the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. It is, however, notoriously difficult, as many cases have no or only mild symptoms. Surveillance data for in-household secondary infections offers unbiased samples for COVID-19 prevalence estimation.Methods: We analyse 16 115 Polish surveillance records to obtain key figures of the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose conservative upper and lower bound estimators for the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Further, we estimate age-dependent bounds on the severe case rate, death rate, and the in-household attack rate.Results: By maximum likelihood estimates, the total number of COVID-19 cases in Poland as of July 22nd, 2020, is at most around 13 times larger and at least 1.6 times larger than the recorded number. The lower bound on the severeness rate ranges between 0.2% for the 0–39 year-old to 5.7% for older than 80, while the upper bound is between 2.6% and 34.1%. The lower bound on the death rate is between 0.04% for the age group 40–59 to 1.34% for the oldest. Overall, the severeness and death rates grow exponentially with age. The in-household attack ratio is 8.18% for the youngest group and 16.88% for the oldest.Conclusions: The proposed approach derives highly relevant figures on the COVID-19 pandemic from routine surveillance data, under assumption that household members of detected infected are tested and all severe cases are diagnosed.
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| 7. |
- Biverstal, H, et al.
(författare)
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Functionalization of amyloid fibrils via the Bri2 BRICHOS domain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1, s. 21765-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid fibrils are mechanically robust and partly resistant to proteolytic degradation, making them potential candidates for scaffold materials in cell culture, tissue engineering, drug delivery and other applications. Such applications of amyloids would benefit from the possibility to functionalize the fibrils, for example by adding growth factors or cell attachment sites. The BRICHOS domain is found in a family of human proteins that harbor particularly amyloid-prone regions and can reduce aggregation as well as toxicity of several different amyloidogenic peptides. Recombinant human (rh) BRICHOS domains have been shown to bind to the surface of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils by immune electron microscopy. Here we produce fusion proteins between mCherry and rh Bri2 BRICHOS and show that they can bind to different amyloid fibrils with retained fluorescence of mCherry in vitro as well as in cultured cells. This suggests a “generic” ability of the BRICHOS domain to bind fibrillar surfaces that can be used to synthesize amyloid decorated with different protein functionalities.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Acharya, Anshuman, et al.
(författare)
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21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization : a machine learning upgrade to foreground removal with Gaussian process regression
- 2024
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 527:3, s. 7835-7846
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, a Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based framework has been developed for foreground mitigation from data collected by the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR), to measure the 21-cm signal power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and cosmic dawn. However, it has been noted that through this method there can be a significant amount of signal loss if the EoR signal covariance is misestimated. To obtain better covariance models, we propose to use a kernel trained on the grizzly simulations using a Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE)-based algorithm. In this work, we explore the abilities of this machine learning-based kernel (VAE kernel) used with GPR, by testing it on mock signals from a variety of simulations, exploring noise levels corresponding to ≈10 nights (≈141 h) and ≈100 nights (≈1410 h) of observations with LOFAR. Our work suggests the possibility of successful extraction of the 21-cm signal within 2σ uncertainty in most cases using the VAE kernel, with better recovery of both shape and power than with previously used covariance models. We also explore the role of the excess noise component identified in past applications of GPR and additionally analyse the possibility of redshift dependence on the performance of the VAE kernel. The latter allows us to prepare for future LOFAR observations at a range of redshifts, as well as compare with results from other telescopes.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Mullner-Huber, A, et al.
(författare)
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The causal role of affect sharing in driving vicarious fear learning
- 2022
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:11, s. e0277793-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vicarious learning, i.e. learning through observing others rather than through one’s own experiences, is an integral skill of social species. The aim of this study was to assess the causal role of affect sharing, an important aspect of empathy, in vicarious fear learning. N = 39 participants completed a vicarious Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm. In the learning stage, they watched another person–the demonstrator–responding with distress when receiving electric shocks to a color cue (conditioned stimulus; CS+; a different color served as CS-). In the subsequent test stage, an increased skin conductance response (SCR) to the CS+ presented in the absence of the demonstrator indexed vicarious fear learning. Each participant completed this paradigm under two different hypnotic suggestions, which were administered to induce high or low affect sharing with the demonstrator in the learning stage, following a counterbalanced within-subject design. In the learning stage, high affect sharing resulted in stronger unconditioned SCR, increased eye gaze toward the demonstrator’s face, and higher self-reported unpleasantness while witnessing the demonstrator’s distress. In the test stage, participants showed a stronger conditioned fear response (SCR) when they had learned under high, compared to low, affect sharing. In contrast, participants’ declarative memory of how many shocks the demonstrator had received with each cue was not influenced by the affect sharing manipulation. These findings demonstrate that affect sharing is involved in enhancing vicarious fear learning, and thus advance our understanding of the role of empathy, and more generally emotion, in social observational learning.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Zhong, Wanjun, et al.
(författare)
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MemoryBank: Enhancing Large Language Models with Long-Term Memory
- 2024
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings Of The Aaai Conference On Artificial Intelligence</em>. - : Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). ; , s. 19724-19731
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large Language Models (LLMs) have drastically reshaped our interactions with artificial intelligence (AI) systems, showcasing impressive performance across an extensive array of tasks. Despite this, a notable hindrance remains—the deficiency of a long-term memory mechanism within these models. This shortfall becomes increasingly evident in situations demanding sustained interaction, such as personal companion systems, psychological counseling, and secretarial assistance. Recognizing the necessity for long-term memory, we propose MemoryBank, a novel memory mechanism tailored for LLMs. MemoryBank enables the models to summon relevant memories, continually evolve through continuous memory updates, comprehend, and adapt to a user’s personality over time by synthesizing information from previous interactions. To mimic anthropomorphic behaviors and selectively preserve memory, MemoryBank incorporates a memory updating mechanism, inspired by the Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve theory. This mechanism permits the AI to forget and reinforce memory based on time elapsed and the relative significance of the memory, thereby offering a more human-like memory mechanism and enriched user experience. MemoryBank is versatile in accommodating both closed-source models like ChatGPT and open-source models such as ChatGLM. To validate MemoryBank’s effectiveness, we exemplify its application through the creation of an LLM-based chatbot named SiliconFriend in a long-term AI Companion scenario. Further tuned with psychological dialog data, SiliconFriend displays heightened empathy and discernment in its interactions. Experiment involves both qualitative analysis with real-world user dialogs and quantitative analysis with simulated dialogs. In the latter, ChatGPT acts as multiple users with diverse characteristics and generates long-term dialog contexts covering a wide array of topics. The results of our analysis reveal that SiliconFriend, equipped with MemoryBank, exhibits a strong capability for long-term companionship as it can provide emphatic response, recall relevant memories and understand user personality.
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| 14. |
- Abdalla, H., et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1475-7516. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the new-generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy, provides unique capabilities to address significant open questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. We study some of the salient areas of gamma-ray cosmology that can be explored as part of the Key Science Projects of CTA, through simulated observations of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their relativistic jets. Observations of AGN with CTA will enable a measurement of gamma-ray absorption on the extragalactic background light with a statistical uncertainty below 15% up to a redshift z = 2 and to constrain or detect gamma-ray halos up to intergalactic-magnetic-field strengths of at least 0.3 pG. Extragalactic observations with CTA also show promising potential to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. The best limits on Lorentz invariance violation from gamma-ray astronomy will be improved by a factor of at least two to three. CTA will also probe the parameter space in which axion-like particles could constitute a significant fraction, if not all, of dark matter. We conclude on the synergies between CTA and other upcoming facilities that will foster the growth of gamma-ray cosmology.
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| 15. |
- Klintman, Mikael
(författare)
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Knowledge Resistance
- 2024
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Ingår i: Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Sociology. - 9781803921037 ; , s. 393-399
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Knowledge resistance can be defined as the state where we are “almost immune to evidence, or experiences of others” (Klintman 2022:323). The phenomenon, often described using related terms, remains highly relevant to understanding the challenges and opportunities of agreeing on the existence, severity, causes and solutions to environmental problems. The concept of knowledge resistance is related to, but also differs from, some other terms. The first is “scepticism” towards knowledge claims that challenge one’s view of reality. Properly used, scepticism is actually the opposite of knowledge resistance. To be sceptical is to demand supporting evidence and sufficiently good arguments before accepting, for example, that the climate changes at a specific rate or that the current species extinction rate is accelerating. Sceptics abandon their old view of knowledge when exposed to a quantity and quality of evidence and arguments that outweigh evidence and support their previous idea (Gigerenzer and Hoffrage 1999; Shermer 2007). When we are knowledge resistant, on the other hand, no amount of evidence or argument will be substantial enough for us to endorse the scientifically based claims about climate change or species extinction. We keep saying, “It’s not yet fully proven”. But since knowledge claims can never be proven with absolute certainty – only with probability – we can never be satisfied with counter-arguments when knowledge resistant. Knowledge resistance is a key concept that works as an umbrella term. It covers – wholly or in part – words such as “denial”, “dismissal”, “fact resistance” and “strategic ignorance”. “Denial” is completely ignoring or refusing to take in evidence or arguments that point to, for example, climate change being real and caused by humans. “Dismissal”, in contrast, is to consider and possibly show interest in such evidence or arguments only to conclude that they are insufficient (Rayner 2012). (Contin.)
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| 16. |
- Bousquet, Antoine
(författare)
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A Brief History of Wargames
- 2015
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Ingår i: Simulation, Exercise, Operations. - Falmouth : Urbanomic. - 9780993045868
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Ezz-Aldeen, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating life span of rainwater harvesting reservoirs in Sinjar area, Iraq
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Hydrology. - 1058-3912 .- 1996-7918. ; 24, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to water shortage in different places in Iraq especially for areas far away from main river flows (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers), rainwater harvesting reservoirs were suggested previously to store runoff water for different water supply purposes. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to estimate the sediment load yields from each watershed of a selected reservoir to estimate probable life based on resultant sediment load and trap efficiency. The results indicates that the annual sediment load varied from 40*103 to 4.4*103 ton depending on watershed area and other effective properties, while the sediment yield per unit area were ranged between 9.5 to 20 ton/km2. The estimated trap efficiency based on annual inflow and reservoir storage capacity were varied from a minimum of 96.5 to 100% due to high reservoir capacity in comparison to annual inflow. The resultant probable life of the reservoirs was greater than 100 years, indicating that the reservoir can economically accepted.
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| 18. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On February 17, 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swift's X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns.
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| 19. |
- Mendez, D. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of data-driven clusters in diabetes-free adults and their utility for risk stratification of type 2 diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The prevention of type 2 diabetes is challenging due to the variable effects of risk factors at an individual level. Data-driven methods could be useful to detect more homogeneous groups based on risk factor variability. The aim of this study was to derive characteristic phenotypes using cluster analysis of common risk factors and to assess their utility to stratify the risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods Data on 7317 diabetes-free adults from Sweden were used in the main analysis and on 2332 diabetes-free adults from Mexico for external validation. Clusters were based on sex, family history of diabetes, educational attainment, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, estimated insulin resistance and beta-cell function, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and BMI. The risk of type 2 diabetes was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. The predictive accuracy and long-term stability of the clusters were then compared to different definitions of prediabetes. Results Six risk phenotypes were identified independently in both cohorts: very low-risk (VLR), low-risk low beta-cell function (LRLB), low-risk high beta-cell function (LRHB), high-risk high blood pressure (HRHBP), high-risk beta-cell failure (HRBF), and high-risk insulin-resistant (HRIR). Compared to the LRHB cluster, the VLR and LRLB clusters showed a lower risk, while the HRHBP, HRBF, and HRIR clusters showed a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The high-risk clusters, as a group, had a better predictive accuracy than prediabetes and adequate stability after 20 years. Conclusions Phenotypes derived using cluster analysis were useful in stratifying the risk of type 2 diabetes among diabetes-free adults in two independent cohorts. These results could be used to develop more precise public health interventions.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Zhong, Weihao, et al.
(författare)
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Immune anticipation of mating in Drosophila : Turandot M promotes immunity against sexually transmitted fungal infections
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 280:1773, s. 20132018-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although it is well known that mating increases the risk of infection, we do not know how females mitigate the fitness costs of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It has recently been shown that female fruitflies, Drosophila melanogaster, specifically upregulate two members of the Turandot family of immune and stress response genes, Turandot M and Turandot C (TotM and TotC), when they hear male courtship song. Here, we use the Gal4/UAS RNAi gene knockdown system to test whether the expression of these genes provides fitness benefits for females infected with the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium robertsii under sexual transmission. As a control, we also examined the immunity conferred by Dorsal-related immunity factor (Dif), a central component of the Toll signalling pathway thought to provide immunity against fungal infections. We show that TotM, but not TotC or Dif, provides survival benefits to females following STIs, but not after direct topical infections. We also show that though the expression of TotM provides fecundity benefits for healthy females, it comes at a cost to their survival, which helps to explain why TotM is not constitutively expressed. Together, these results show that the anticipatory expression of TotM promotes specific immunity against fungal STIs and suggest that immune anticipation is more common than currently appreciated.
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| 22. |
- Zhong, Qigang, et al.
(författare)
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On-Surface Stereochemical Characterization of a Highly Curved Chiral Nanographene by Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
- 2023
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Ingår i: CCS CHEMISTRY. - : CHINESE CHEMICAL SOC. - 2096-5745.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A highly distorted chiral nanographene structure composed of triple corannulene-fused [5]helicenes is prepared with the help of the Heck reaction and oxidative photocyclization with an overall isolated yield of 28%. The complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the bowl-helix hybrid nanostructure is studied by a combination of non contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on the Cu(111) surface, density functional theory calculations, AFM/STM simulations, and high-performance liquid chromatography-electronic circular dichroism analysis. This examination reveals a molecular structure in which the three bowl-shaped corannulene bladesd position themselves in a C3-symmetric fashion around a highly twisted triphenylene core. The molecule appears to be shaped like a propeller in which the concave side of the bowls face away from the connected [5]helicene motif. The chirality of the nanostructure is confirmed by the direct visualization of both MMM and PPP enantiomers at the single-molecule level by scanning probe microscopies. These results underline that submolecular resolution imaging by AFM/STM is a powerful real-space tool for the stereochemical characterization of 3D curved chiral nanographene structures.
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| 23. |
- Aartsen, M. G., et al.
(författare)
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Very high-energy gamma-ray follow-up program using neutrino triggers from IceCube
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe and report the status of a neutrino-triggered program in IceCube that generates real-time alerts for gamma-ray follow-up observations by atmospheric-Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC and VERITAS). While IceCube is capable of monitoring the whole sky continuously, high-energy gamma-ray telescopes have restricted fields of view and in general are unlikely to be observing a potential neutrino-flaring source at the time such neutrinos are recorded. The use of neutrino-triggered alerts thus aims at increasing the availability of simultaneous multi-messenger data during potential neutrino flaring activity, which can increase the discovery potential and constrain the phenomenological interpretation of the high-energy emission of selected source classes (e. g. blazars). The requirements of a fast and stable online analysis of potential neutrino signals and its operation are presented, along with first results of the program operating between 14 March 2012 and 31 December 2015.
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| 24. |
- Bousquet, Antoine
(författare)
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Ernst Jünger and the problem of nihilism in the age of total war
- 2015
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Ingår i: Thesis Eleven. - : SAGE Publications. - 0725-5136 .- 1461-7455. ; 132:1, s. 17-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a singular witness and actor of the tumultuous 20th century, Ernst Jünger remains a controversial and enigmatic figure known above all for his vivid autobiographical accounts of experience in the trenches of the First World War. This article will argue that throughout his entire oeuvre, from personal diaries to novels and essays, he never ceased to grapple with what he viewed as the central question of the age, namely that of the problem of nihilism and the means to overcome it. Inherited from Nietzsche’s diagnosis of Western civilization in the late 19th century, to which he added an acute observation of the particular role of technology within it, Jünger would employ this lens to make sense of the seemingly absurd industrial slaughter of modern war and herald the advent of a new voluntarist and bellicist order that was to imminently sweep away timorous and decadent bourgeois societies obsessed with security and self-preservation. Jünger would ultimately see his expectations dashed, including by the forms of rule that National Socialism would take, and eventually retreated into a reclusive quietism. Yet he never abandoned his central problematique of nihilism, developing it further in exchanges with Martin Heidegger after the Second World War. And for all the ways in which he may have erred, his life-long struggle with meaning in the age of technique and its implications for war and security continues to make Jünger a valuable interlocutor of the present.
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| 25. |
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