| 1. |
- Hammar, Isak, et al.
(författare)
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Antiken på film och i tv: en introduktion
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svärd, sandaler och skandaler: antiken på film och i tv.. - 9789144102535 ; , s. 9-53
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historisk översikt över antiken på film och i tv.
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| 2. |
- Ahlberg, Ernst, et al.
(författare)
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Using conformal prediction to prioritize compound synthesis in drug discovery
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Machine Learning Research. - Stockholm : Machine Learning Research. ; , s. 174-184
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of how much money and resources to spend to understand certain problems is of high interest in many areas. This work illustrates how computational models can be more tightly coupled with experiments to generate decision data at lower cost without reducing the quality of the decision. Several different strategies are explored to illustrate the trade off between lowering costs and quality in decisions.AUC is used as a performance metric and the number of objects that can be learnt from is constrained. Some of the strategies described reach AUC values over 0.9 and outperforms strategies that are more random. The strategies that use conformal predictor p-values show varying results, although some are top performing.The application studied is taken from the drug discovery process. In the early stages of this process compounds, that potentially could become marketed drugs, are being routinely tested in experimental assays to understand the distribution and interactions in humans.
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| 3. |
- Ahmad, Shafqat, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of General Adiposity and Central Body Fat Distribution on the Circulating Metabolome : A Multi-Cohort Nontargeted Metabolomics Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 71:2, s. 329-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but the metabolic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between adiposity with circulating metabolites and to address causality with Mendelian randomization (MR). Metabolomics data was generated by non-targeted ultra-performance liquid-chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass-spectrometry in plasma and serum from three population-based Swedish cohorts: ULSAM (N=1,135), PIVUS (N=970), and TwinGene (N=2,059). We assessed associations between general adiposity measured as body mass index (BMI) and central body fat distribution measured as waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) with 210 annotated metabolites. We employed MR analysis to assess causal effects. Lastly, we attempted to replicate the MR findings in the KORA and TwinsUK cohorts (N=7,373), the CHARGE consortium (N=8,631), the Framingham Heart Study (N=2,076) and the DIRECT consortium (N=3,029). BMI was associated with 77 metabolites, while WHRadjBMI was associated with 11 and 3 metabolites in women and men, respectively. The MR analyses in the Swedish cohorts suggested a causal association (p-value <0.05) of increased general adiposity and reduced levels of arachidonic acid, dodecanedioic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine (P-16:0) as well as with increased creatine levels. The replication effort provided support for a causal association of adiposity on reduced levels of arachidonic acid (p-value 0.03). Adiposity is associated with variation of large parts of the circulating metabolome, however causality needs further investigation in well-powered cohorts.
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| 4. |
- Hammar, Isak, et al.
(författare)
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På antikfilmens bakgator : antika världar och samtida värden i B-film
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svärd, sandaler och skandaler: antiken på film och i tv..
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antikfilm förknippas oftast med storslagna Hollywoodproduktioner, men antika motiv och händelser var även föremål för en lång rad b-filmer producerade i Italien från slutet av 1950-talet. Denna artikel diskuterar denna brokiga skara av mestadels förbisedda filmer. Hur förhöll sig dessa ”B-filmer” till den antika historien och vilken bild av antiken var det som nådde publiken när budget, ambition liksom filmiskt handlag var begränsat?
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| 5. |
- Zander, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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En legend för alla tider? Kung Arthur som romare och britt på vita duken
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svärd, sandaler och skandaler : Antiken på film och i TV. - 9789144102535 ; , s. 219-239
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analysis of the king Arthur-legend and film adaptions of it, especially King Arthur (2004). Three time dimensions is of special interest, antiquity, the middle ages, and the early 21st century.
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| 6. |
- Agnér, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Bredäng : Miljonprogrammets föregångare
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna publikation är ett resultat av läsåret 2017-2018 i kursen Restaureringskonst vid Kungl. Konsthögskolan, arkitekturavdelningen. Årets tema var bostadsarkitektur. Förvalta, förädla, förvanska? Under läsåret undersöktes bostadsarkitekturen som kulturarv, hur bostadshus och bostadsområden förvaltas, förädlas alternativt förvanskas genom restaureringsåtgärder, förtätningar och omvandlingar. II läsårets projektstudie ingick fem bostadsområden i södra Stockholm, utvalda för att representera varsin epok i 1900-talets bostadsutveckling. En projektgrupp för varje bostadsområde gjorde studier i olika skalor, från den utvalda lägenhetens detaljer, trapphuset och bostadshuset, gården och gatan till stadsdelsnivån.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Alfredsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Job strain and major risk factors for coronary heart disease. : Baseline results from the WOLF Study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. - 0355-3140. ; 28:4, s. 238-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results do not support the hypothesis that job strain has an adverse impact on serum total cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen levels. They suggest that an increased risk of coronary heart disease in association with job strain, if causal, is mediated by other factors, possibly partly by hypertension and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Almby, Kristina E., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of GLP-1 on counter-regulatory responses during hypoglycemia after GBP surgery
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 181:2, s. 161-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the role of GLP-1 receptor activation on the counter-regulation and symptoms of hypoglycemia in subjects who have undergone gastric bypass surgery (GBP).Design: Experimental hyperinsulinemic–hypoglycemic clamp study.Methods: Twelve post-GBP subjects participated in a randomized cross-over study with two hyperinsulinemic, hypoglycemic clamps (glucose nadir 2.7 mmol/L) performed on separate days with concomitant infusions of the GLP-1 analog exenatide or with saline, respectively. Continuous measurements of metabolites and counter-regulatory hormones as well as assessments of heart rate variability and symptoms of hypoglycemia were performed throughout the clamps.Results: No effect of GLP-1 receptor activation on counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, GH) or glucose infusion rate was seen, but we found indications of a downregulation of the sympathetic relative to the parasympathetic nerve activity, as reflected in heart rate variability. No significant differences in symptom of hypoglycemia were observed.Conclusions/interpretation: Short-term exposure to a GLP-1 receptor agonist does not seem to impact the counter-regulatory hormonal and metabolic responses in post-GBP subjects during hypoglycemic conditions, suggesting that the improvement in symptomatic hypoglycemia post-GBP seen following treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists may be mediated by mechanism not directly involved in counter-regulation.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten : Resurs- och miljööversikt 2012
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är den nionde utgåvan av den samlade översikten över fisk- och kräftdjursbeståndens status i våra vatten. Kunskap om fiskbestånden och miljön är en förutsättning för att utnyttjandet av fiskresurserna skall bli bärkraftigt. För svenska vattenområden beskrivs miljöutvecklingen i ett ekosystemsperspektiv, dels för att tydliggöra fiskens ekologiska roll och beskriva yttre miljöfaktorer som påverkar fiskbestånden, dels för att belysa fiskets effekter på miljön.Fiskbestånd och miljö i hav och sötvatten är utarbetad av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för akvatiska resurser (SLU Aqua), på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Rapporten sammanfattar utveckling och beståndsstatus för de kommersiellt viktigaste fisk- och kräftdjursarterna i våra vatten. Bedömningar och förvaltningsråd är baserade på Internationella Havsforskningsrådets (ICES) rådgivning, SLU Aquas nationella och regionala provfiskedata, samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 12. |
- Asghar, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Cellular aging dynamics after acute malaria infection : A 12-month longitudinal study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Aging Cell. - : Wiley. - 1474-9718 .- 1474-9726. ; 17:1, s. 12702-12702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accelerated cellular aging and reduced lifespan have recently been shown in birds chronically infected with malaria parasites. Whether malaria infection also affects cellular aging in humans has not been reported. Here, we assessed the effect of a single acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection on cellular aging dynamics in travelers prospectively followed over one year in Sweden. DNA and RNA were extracted from venous blood collected at the time of admission and repeatedly up to one year. Telomere length was measured using real-time quantitative PCR, while telomerase activity and CDKN2A expression were measured by reverse transcriptase (RT)-qPCR. Our results show that acute malaria infection affects cellular aging as reflected by elevated levels of CDKN2A expression, lower telomerase activity, and substantial telomere shortening during the first three months postinfection. After that CDKN2A expression declined, telomerase activity increased and telomere length was gradually restored over one year, reflecting that cellular aging was reversed. These findings demonstrate that malaria infection affects cellular aging and the underlying cellular mechanism by which pathogens can affect host cellular aging and longevity need to be elucidated. Our results urge the need to investigate whether repeated malaria infections have more pronounced and long-lasting effects on cellular aging and lifespan (similarly to what was observed in birds) in populations living in malaria endemic areas.
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| 13. |
- Asplund, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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1260 nm InGaAs vertical-cavity lasers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 38:13, s. 635-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fabrication and performance of highly strained double-quantum well InGaAs/GaAs vertical-cavity lasers with record-long emission wavelength of 1260 nm at room temperature is reported. Depending on device diameter, the minimum threshold current is in the low mA-regime while the maximum output power exceeds 1 mW. The devices work continuous-wave over a wide temperature range of at least 10-120degrees C.
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| 14. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS.
- 2024
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous population-based studies investigating the relationship between physical activity and the gut microbiota have relied on self-reported activity, prone to reporting bias. Here, we investigated the associations of accelerometer-based sedentary (SED), moderate-intensity (MPA), and vigorous-intensity (VPA) physical activity with the gut microbiota using cross-sectional data from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study.METHODS: In 8416 participants aged 50-65, time in SED, MPA, and VPA were estimated with hip-worn accelerometer. Gut microbiota was profiled using shotgun metagenomics of faecal samples. We applied multivariable regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and technical covariates, and accounted for multiple testing.FINDINGS: Overall, associations between time in SED and microbiota species abundance were in opposite direction to those for MPA or VPA. For example, MPA was associated with lower, while SED with higher abundance of Escherichia coli. MPA and VPA were associated with higher abundance of the butyrate-producers Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia spp. We observed discrepancies between specific VPA and MPA associations, such as a positive association between MPA and Prevotella copri, while no association was detected for VPA. Additionally, SED, MPA and VPA were associated with the functional potential of the microbiome. For instance, MPA was associated with higher capacity for acetate synthesis and SED with lower carbohydrate degradation capacity.INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that sedentary and physical activity are associated with a similar set of gut microbiota species but in opposite directions. Furthermore, the intensity of physical activity may have specific effects on certain gut microbiota species.FUNDING: European Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
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| 15. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Evening chronotype is associated with elevated biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in the EpiHealth cohort: a cross-sectional study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press. - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 45:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objectives: Individuals with evening chronotype have a higher risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In a population- based cohort, we aimed to investigate the association between chronotype and 242 circulating proteins from three panels of established or candidate biomarkers of cardiometabolic processes. Methods: In 2,471 participants (49.7% men, mean age 61.2±8.4 SD years) from the EpiHealth cohort, circulating proteins were analyzed with a multiplex proximity extension technique. Participants self- reported their chronotype on a five-level scale from extreme morning to extreme evening chronotype. With the intermediate chronotype set as the reference, each protein was added as the dependent variable in a series of linear regression models adjusted for confounders. Next, the chronotype coefficients were jointly tested and the resulting p-values adjusted for multiple testing using false discovery rate (5%). For the associations identified, we then analyzed the marginal effect of each chronotype category. Results: We identified 17 proteins associated with chronotype. Evening chronotype was positively associated with proteins previously linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, namely retinoic acid receptor protein 2, fatty acid-binding protein adipocyte, tissue-type plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Additionally, PAI-1 was inversely associated with the extreme morning chronotype. Conclusions: In this population-based study, proteins previously related with cardiometabolic risk were elevated in the evening chronotypes. These results may guide future research in the relation between chronotype and cardiometabolic disorders.
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| 16. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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OSA Is Associated With the Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential in the Population-Based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 164:2, s. 503-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-breathing disorder linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Intermittent hypoxia and intermittent airway obstruction, hallmarks of OSA, have been shown in animal models to induce substantial changes to the gut microbiota composition and subsequent transplantation of fecal matter to other animals induced changes in blood pressure and glucose metabolism.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does obstructive sleep apnea in adults associate with the composition and metabolic potential of the human gut microbiota?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used respiratory polygraphy data from up to 3,570 individuals aged 50-64 from the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study combined with deep shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples to identify cross-sectional associations between three OSA parameters covering apneas and hypopneas, cumulative sleep time in hypoxia and number of oxygen desaturation events with gut microbiota composition. Data collection about potential confounders was based on questionnaires, on-site anthropometric measurements, plasma metabolomics, and linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.RESULTS: We found that all three OSA parameters were associated with lower diversity of species in the gut. Further, the OSA-related hypoxia parameters were in multivariable-adjusted analysis associated with the relative abundance of 128 gut bacterial species, including higher abundance of Blautia obeum and Collinsela aerofaciens. The latter species was also independently associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Further, the cumulative time in hypoxia during sleep was associated with the abundance of genes involved in nine gut microbiota metabolic pathways, including propionate production from lactate. Lastly, we observed two heterogeneous sets of plasma metabolites with opposite association with species positively and negatively associated with hypoxia parameters, respectively.INTERPRETATION: OSA-related hypoxia, but not the number of apneas/hypopneas, is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions. Our findings lay the foundation for future research on the gut microbiota-mediated health effects of OSA.
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| 17. |
- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states.In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects.We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats.With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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| 18. |
- Broadaway, K Alaine, et al.
(författare)
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Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 110:2, s. 284-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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| 19. |
- Brännstedt, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Fikon och fiktion : Livia, I, Claudius och bilden av den intrigerande kvinnan
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svärd, sandaler och skandaler : antiken på film och i tv. - 9789144102535 ; , s. 55-67
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antiken har alltid varit en tacksam tidsperiod för filmmakare. Men hur har antiken skildrats i olika tider och medier? I Svärd, sandaler och skandaler undersöker en rad skribenter från olika ämnen de uttryck antiken har tagit sig på film och i tv. Boken är den första i sitt slag på svenska. I fem avdelningar behandlas relationen mellan den antika historien och dess sentida gestaltningar i rörliga bilder, alltifrån filmens tidiga glansdagar kring år 1900 till dagens tv-skildringar. Långt ifrån alltid är det historieskrivning eller litteratur om antiken som har bestämt hur epoken framställts i visuella medier. Till exempel har scenografi och kläder bidragit till att prägla föreställningar om vad som utmärkte antiken. Epoken har även använts i politiska och ideologiska syften. Exempelvis har Noa, Leonidas, Scipio Africanus och kung Arthur varit föremål för omtolkningar som syftat till att fylla dagspolitiska behov i fascismens Italien, efterkrigstidens USA eller det unga 2000-talets Storbritannien. Svärd, sandaler och skandaler vänder sig främst till studenter och forskare i humanistiska ämnen som historia och arkeologi samt antik-, film- och religionsvetenskap, men är givetvis intressant för alla som är intresserade av hur dåtiden gestaltas i rörliga bilder.
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| 20. |
- Davies Forsman, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones and Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Correlate to Clinical Improvement in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study Over 2 Decades
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Infectious Diseases. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. - 1058-4838 .- 1537-6591. ; 69:8, s. 1394-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, unlike routine drug susceptibility testing (DST) at a single critical concentration, quantifies drug resistance. The association of MICs and treatment outcome in multidrug-resistant (MDR)-tuberculosis patients is unclear. Therefore, we correlated MICs of first- and second-line tuberculosis drugs with time to sputum culture conversion (tSCC) and treatment outcome in MDR-tuberculosis patients. Methods. Clinical and demographic data of MDR-tuberculosis patients in Sweden, including DST results, were retrieved from medical records from 1992 to 2014. MIC determinations were performed retrospectively for the stored individual Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates using broth microdilution in Middlebrook 7H9. We fitted Cox proportional hazard models correlating MICs, DST results, and clinical variables to tSCC and treatment outcome. Results. Successful treatment outcome was observed in 83.5% (132/158) of MDR-tuberculosis patients. Increasing MICs of fluoroquinolones, diabetes, and age amp;gt;40 years were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Patients treated with pyrazinamide (PZA) had a significantly shorter tSCC compared to patients who were not (median difference, 27 days). Conclusions. Increasing MICs of fluoroquinolones were correlated with unsuccessful treatment outcome in MDR-tuberculosis patients. Further studies, including MIC testing and clinical outcome data to define clinical Mtb breakpoints, are warranted. PZA treatment was associated with shorter tSCC, highlighting the importance of PZA DST.
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| 21. |
- Dekkers, Koen, et al.
(författare)
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An online atlas of human plasma metabolite signatures of gut microbiome composition.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human gut microbiota produce a variety of molecules, some of which enter the bloodstream and impact health. Conversely, dietary or pharmacological compounds may affect the microbiota before entering the circulation. Characterization of these interactions is an important step towards understanding the effects of the gut microbiota on health. In this cross-sectional study, we used deep metagenomic sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry for a detailed characterization of the gut microbiota and plasma metabolome, respectively, of 8583 participants invited at age 50 to 64 from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study. Here, we find that the gut microbiota explain up to 58% of the variance of individual plasma metabolites and we present 997 associations between alpha diversity and plasma metabolites and 546,819 associations between specific gut metagenomic species and plasma metabolites in an online atlas ( https://gutsyatlas.serve.scilifelab.se/ ). We exemplify the potential of this resource by presenting novel associations between dietary factors and oral medication with the gut microbiome, and microbial species strongly associated with the uremic toxin p-cresol sulfate. This resource can be used as the basis for targeted studies of perturbation of specific metabolites and for identification of candidate plasma biomarkers of gut microbiota composition.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Delicano, Rachel Ann, et al.
(författare)
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The shared risk of diabetes between dog and cat owners and their pets : register based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether dog and cat owners and their pets share a risk of developing diabetes.DESIGN: Cohort study.SETTING: Register based longitudinal study, Sweden.PARTICIPANTS: 208 980 owner-dog pairs and 123 566 owner-cat pairs identified during a baseline assessment period (1 January 2004 to 31 December 2006).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Type 2 diabetes events in dog and cat owners and diabetes events in their pets, including date of diagnosis during the follow-up period (1 January 2007 to 31 December 2012). Owners with type 2 diabetes were identified by combining information from the National Patient Register, the Cause of Death Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Information on diabetes in the pets was extracted from veterinary care insurance data. Multi-state models were used to assess the hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals and to adjust for possible shared risk factors, including personal and socioeconomic circumstances.RESULTS: The incidence of type 2 diabetes during follow-up was 7.7 cases per 1000 person years at risk in dog owners and 7.9 cases per 1000 person years at risk in cat owners. The incidence of diabetes in the pets was 1.3 cases per 1000 dog years at risk and 2.2 cases per 1000 cat years at risk. The crude hazard ratio for type 2 diabetes in owners of a dog with diabetes compared with owners of a dog without diabetes was 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.74), with a multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of 1.32 (1.04 to 1.68). Having an owner with type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased hazard of diabetes in the dog (crude hazard ratio 1.28, 1.01 to 1.63), which was attenuated after adjusting for owner's age, with the confidence interval crossing the null (1.11, 0.87 to 1.42). No association was found between type 2 diabetes in cat owners and diabetes in their cats (crude hazard ratio 0.99, 0.74 to 1.34, and 1.00, 0.78 to 1.28, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Data indicated that owners of a dog with diabetes were more likely to develop type 2 diabetes during follow-up than owners of a dog without diabetes. It is possible that dogs with diabetes could serve as a sentinel for shared diabetogenic health behaviours and environmental exposures.
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| 24. |
- Druvefors, Emma, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired Fertility in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A National Cohort Study From Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 15:3, s. 383-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has been associated with reduced female fertility. We analyse fertility in a national cohort of women with IBD.Methods: Fertility was assessed in women with IBD aged 15-44 years in 1964-2014, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register and a matched cohort [ratio 1:5]. Patients with indeterminate colitis or inconsistent IBD coding were classified as IBD-unclassified [IBD-U].Results: The cohorts included 27 331 women with IBD and 131 892 matched individuals. The fertility rate in IBD was 1.52 (standard deviation [SD] 1.22) births per 1000 person-years and 1.62 [SD 1.28] [p<0.001] in matched individuals. Fertility was impaired in all IBD subtypes compared with the matched cohort (hazard ratio Crohn's disease [CD] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.91; IBD-U 0.86, 95% CI 0.83-0.89; and ulcerative colitis [UC] 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.98). Fertility improved during the study period for the IBD cohort except for CD. Parity progression ratio, the proportion of IBD women progressing from one parity to the next compared with the matched cohort, was decreased at all parity levels for CD and IBD-U, but only for multiparous women in UC. Contraceptive usage was higher in IBD, both before and after the diagnosis. Disease severity, bowel resections, and perianal disease in CD affected fertility negatively.Conclusions: Fertility was impaired mainly in women with CD and IBD-U, and less so in UC. During the study period, fertility improved in women with UC or IBD-U. Some results suggest a role of voluntarily reduced fertility.
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| 25. |
- Druvefors, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Minor impact on fertility in men with inflammatory bowel disease : A National Cohort Study from Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 56:2, s. 292-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims Onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in men is most common during childbearing age, but little is known about the impact on fertility. Previous studies of fertility in men were small, which justifies this large nation-based registry study.Methods Fertility was assessed in a national cohort of men with IBD aged 15-44 years in 1964-2014, identified from the Swedish National Patient Register, and in a reference cohort matched for age and place of residence (ratio 1:5). Information about childbirths was found in the Swedish Multi-Generation Register. Patients with indeterminate colitis or inconsistent IBD coding were classified as IBD-unclassified (IBD-U).Results The cohorts included 29,104 men with IBD and 140,901 matched individuals. IBD patients had a lower fertility rate (number of births per 1000 person years) compared with the matched individuals; 1.28 (SD 1.27) versus 1.35 (SD 1.31; p < 0.001). Fertility was somewhat impaired in all IBD subtypes compared with the matched cohort; ulcerative colitis (UC) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93, 95% CI 0.91-0.96), Crohn's disease (CD) (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98) and IBD-U 0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.95. The cumulated total parity and the parity progression were also decreased for all IBD subtypes. Within the IBD cohort disease severity, intensity of medical treatment (CD) and bowel surgery (IBD-U) were further associated with impaired fertility.Conclusions This nationwide cohort study shows only slightly impaired fertility in men with IBD.
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