| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Edlund, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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3rd party observer gaze as a continuous measure of dialogue flow
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2012. - Istanbul, Turkey : LREC. ; , s. 1354-1358
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an attempt at using 3rd party observer gaze to get a measure of how appropriate each segment in a dialogue is for a speaker change. The method is a step away from the current dependency of speaker turns or talkspurts towards a more general view of speaker changes. We show that 3rd party observers do indeed largely look at the same thing (the speaker), and how this can be captured and utilized to provide insights into human communication. In addition, the results also suggest that there might be differences in the distribution of 3rd party observer gaze depending on how information-rich an utterance is.
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| 3. |
- Edström, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
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Does production facilitate discrimination? : An infant mismatch negativity study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Fonetik 2013. - Linköping. ; , s. 17-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- MMN is an ERP component that reflects preattentive discrimination between a recurring standard sound and a deviating sound. MMN is frequently used in infant studies focused on speech development since its elicitation does not require the attention of the child. The general ability of infants to discriminate speech sounds is gradually specialized towards discrimination of phonetic contrasts in their mother tongue. The aim of the present study was to examine if an MMN response is elicited by naturally varying speech stimuli (/ ti/ and / ki/) and if this response is stronger for the speech sound that infants typically produce at this age (/ t/). An EEG experiment with an oddball paradigm was designed. Participants were 19 infants (9-mo). An MMN-like negative response to deviants compared to standards was found, however it was not statistically significant. No significant interaction effect was found for MMN and type of deviant stimulus. Variation in the standard stimuli may have contributed to the lack of effect. It is also possible that the infants already were equally competent in discriminating both speech sounds, which may account for the small difference between the deviant waveforms.
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| 4. |
- Engström, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory event-related potentials and mismatch negativity in children with hearing loss using hearing aids or cochlear implants : A three-year follow-up study
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The primary aim was to examine how event-related potentials (ERPs) and mismatch negativity (MMN) change and develop over time among children with hearing loss (HL) using hearing aids (HAs) or cochlear implants (CIs). Children with normal hearing (NH) were tested as a reference group.Methods: This three-year follow-up study included 13 children with sensorineural HL (SNHL); 7 children using bilateral HAs and 6 children using CIs; and 10 children with NH as a reference group. ERPs were recorded at baseline and after three years. At time for the original study the children were approximately 5-8 years old and at the follow-up study 8-11 years old. ERP recordings and data processing were identical in both sessions. A standard stimulus alternated with five different deviants (gap, intensity, pitch, location and duration), presented in a pseudorandom sequence, thus following the multi-feature paradigm, Optimum-1. MMN was calculated from the average ERP of each deviant minus the standard stimuli. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the statistical analyses and the results were based on samples within a specific time interval; 80-224 ms.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the obligatory responses between the NH and HA groups at baseline, but this difference disappeared after three years in our follow-up study. The children with HA also showed a significant difference in mean ERP at baseline compared to follow-up, and significant differences between the deviants at follow-up but not at baseline. This suggests an improvement over time among the children with HAs. On the other hand, the children with CIs did not differ from the NH children at baseline, but after three years their mean ERP was significantly lower compared to both the children with HA and NH, indicating a reduced development of the central auditory system in this age span among the children with CIs. Regarding MMN, there was an interaction between the duration deviant and time for the children with HA, also indicating a possible improvement over time among the HA children.Conclusions: This three-year follow-up study shows neurophysiological differences between children with HL and children with NH. The results suggest a delay in the central auditory processing among the HA children compared to children with NH, but a possible catch-up, over time, and this potential may be worth to be utilized. Regarding the CI children, similar improvement in this age span is missing, meaning there are differences between the subgroups of children with HL, i.e. the children with HAs vs. CIs. The results highlight the importance of distinguishing between subgroups of children with HL in further research.
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| 5. |
- Engström, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-assisted reading intervention for children with hearing impairment using cochlear implants : Effects on auditory event-related potentials and mismatch negativity
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to find out whether a computer-assisted reading intervention program with a phonic approach can affect event-related (ERPs) and mismatch negativity (MMN) in hearing impaired (HI) children using cochlear implants (CIs).METHODS: This study involved a test group of 15 HI children with CIs and a control group of 14 normal hearing (NH) children. The children were 4 years and 10 months to 8 years and 1 month old. ERPs were recorded immediately before and after 4 weeks of training with a computer-assisted reading intervention, GraphoGame. A multi-feature paradigm, Optimum-1, was used, i.e. a standard stimulus alternated with five different deviants: gap intensity, pitch, location and duration. MMN was calculated from the mean amplitude ERP of each deviant minus the standard stimulus response in a specific time interval, 80 - 224 ms. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis.RESULTS: The results did not show any significant changes with the computerassisted training in the ERPs and MMNs among the HI children with CIs. The presence of both MMN and a positive mismatch response (pMMR), which might reflect an immaturity, complicates interpreting the results in this age group. Individually, there was a mix of MMNs and pMMRs among all participants, pre and post training, and the change of each deviant after intervention was not predictable.CONCLUSIONS: There are no significant changes in ERP or MMN after intervention, however lack of significances must be interpreted with caution. Besides the presence of both MMNs and pMMRs, only modest changes are to be expected on an individual basis and small samples hinder making statistical conclusions regarding the training's effects. The study contributes to some more descriptive pieces of ERPs and MMNs among the HI children with CIs. The issues of MMN and pMMR are highlighted.
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| 6. |
- Engström, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Computer-assisted reading intervention for children with sensorineural hearing loss using hearing aids : Effects on auditory event-related potentials and mismatch negativity
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 117, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The primary aim was to investigate whether computer-assisted reading intervention somehow can affect event-related potentials (ERP) and mismatch negativity (MMN) in hearing impaired (HI) children with hearing aids (HAs) and normal hearing (NH) children.METHODS: The study included 15 HI children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) using bilateral HAs and 14 NH children as a reference group; all children between the ages of 5 and 8. A multi-feature MMN-paradigm, Optimum-1, with a standard stimulus alternating with 5 different deviants was used. ERPs were recorded pre and post intervention, i.e. one month of repeatedly computer-assisted training (GraphoGame). MMN was calculated from the average ERP of each deviant minus standard. Data were based on samples within a specific time interval, 80-224 ms, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze possible interactions.RESULTS: There was a significant difference between groups before training, though, the mean obligatory responses or MMN was not statistically significantly different before versus after training, neither among the NH nor the HI children. Further, the HI children did generally achieve lower levels in GraphoGame compared to the NH children. Altogether, our findings indicate differences between the groups and that training may affect the neurophysiological processing in the brain, gaining the HI children. Both MMN and positive mismatch response (pMMR) were seen among both the HA and NH children, irrespective to deviant type. Individually, changes of the MMN and pMMR after training seem unpredictable.CONCLUSION: There are statistically significant differences in both the obligatory responses in ERP and the MMNs between the NH and HI groups before the computer-assisted training. Though, these differences disappear after the intervention. This suggests possible training effects regarding the central auditory processing among the HI children.
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| 7. |
- Frankenberg, Sofia J., et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional collaborations in an intervention randomized controlled trial performed in the Swedish early childhood education context
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognition and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1524-8372 .- 1532-7647. ; 20:2, s. 182-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the field of developmental science, there is a general agreement of the need to work together across academic disciplinary boundaries in order to advance the understandings of how to optimize child development and learning. However, experience also shows that such collaborations may be challenging. This paper reports on the experiences of bidirectional collaboration between researchers in a multidisciplinary research team and between researchers and stakeholders, in the first randomized controlled trial in Swedish preschool. The objective of the trial was to investigate the effects of two pedagogical learning strategies evaluating language, communication, attention, executive functions and early math. The interdisciplinary team includes researchers from early childhood education, linguistics, developmental psychology and cognitive neuro science. Educational researchers and theorists within the field of early childhood education in Sweden have during the last two decades mainly undertaken small-scale qualitative praxis-oriented and participative research. There is a widespread skepticism with regards to some of the core principles in controlled intervention methodologies, including a strong resistance towards individual testing of children. Consequently unanticipated disagreements and conflicts arose within the research team, as RCT methodology requires the measurement of effects pre and post the intervention. The aim of this article is to discuss the conditions for bidirectional collaboration both between researchers and stakeholders and between researchers in the research team. The findings illustrate strategies and negotiations that emerged in order to address ontological and epistemological controversies and disagreements. These include (a) the negotiation of research ethics, (b) making divergences visible and learning from each other, (c) using a multi-epistemological and methodological approach as a complement to the RCT design and (d) the negotiation of research problems that are shared between educators and researchers.
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| 8. |
- Gerholm, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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A protocol for a three-arm cluster randomized controlled superiority trial investigating the effects of two pedagogical methodologies in Swedish preschool settings on language and communication, executive functions, auditive selective attention, socioemotional skills and early maths skills
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDuring the preschool years, children develop abilities and skills in areas crucial for later success in life. These abilities include language, executive functions, attention, and socioemotional skills. The pedagogical methods used in preschools hold the potential to enhance these abilities, but our knowledge of which pedagogical practices aid which abilities, and for which children, is limited. The aim of this paper is to describe an intervention study designed to evaluate and compare two pedagogical methodologies in terms of their effect on the above-mentioned skills in Swedish preschool children.MethodThe study is a randomized control trial (RCT) where two pedagogical methodologies were tested to evaluate how they enhanced children’s language, executive functions and attention, socioemotional skills, and early maths skills during an intensive 6-week intervention. Eighteen preschools including 28 units and 432 children were enrolled in a municipality close to Stockholm, Sweden. The children were between 4;0 and 6;0 years old and each preschool unit was randomly assigned to either of the interventions or to the control group. Background information on all children was collected via questionnaires completed by parents and preschools. Pre- and post-intervention testing consisted of a test battery including tests on language, executive functions, selective auditive attention, socioemotional skills and early maths skills. The interventions consisted of 6 weeks of intensive practice of either a socioemotional and material learning paradigm (SEMLA), for which group-based activities and interactional structures were the main focus, or an individual, digitally implemented attention and math training paradigm, which also included a set of self-regulation practices (DIL). All preschools were evaluated with the ECERS-3.DiscussionIf this intervention study shows evidence of a difference between group-based learning paradigms and individual training of specific skills in terms of enhancing children’s abilities in fundamental areas like language, executive functions and attention, socioemotional skills and early math, this will have big impact on the preschool agenda in the future. The potential for different pedagogical methodologies to have different impacts on children of different ages and with different backgrounds invites a wider discussion within the field of how to develop a preschool curriculum suited for all children.
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| 9. |
- Gerholm, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of two teaching methods on preschool children’s language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math skills
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2050-7283. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDuring the preschool years, children’s development of skills like language and communication, executive functions, and socioemotional comprehension undergo dramatic development. Still, our knowledge of how these skills are enhanced is limited. The preschool contexts constitute a well-suited arena for investigating these skills and hold the potential for giving children an equal opportunity preparing for the school years to come. The present study compared two pedagogical methods in the Swedish preschool context as to their effect on language and communication, executive functions, socioemotional comprehension, and early math. The study targeted children in the age span four-to-six-year-old, with an additional focus on these children’s backgrounds in terms of socioeconomic status, age, gender, number of languages, time spent at preschool, and preschool start. An additional goal of the study was to add to prior research by aiming at disentangling the relationship between the investigated variables.MethodThe study constitutes a randomized controlled trial including 18 preschools and 29 preschool units, with a total of 431 children, and 98 teachers. The interventions lasted for 6 weeks, preceded by pre-testing and followed by post-testing of the children. Randomization was conducted on the level of preschool unit, to either of the two interventions or to control. The interventions consisted of a socioemotional and material learning paradigm (SEMLA) and a digitally implemented attention and math training paradigm (DIL). The preschools were further evaluated with ECERS-3. The main analysis was a series of univariate mixed regression models, where the nested structure of individuals, preschool units and preschools were modeled using random variables.ResultsThe result of the intervention shows that neither of the two intervention paradigms had measurable effects on the targeted skills. However, there were results as to the follow-up questions, such as executive functions predicting all other variables (language and communication, socioemotional comprehension, and math). Background variables were related to each other in patterns congruent with earlier findings, such as socioeconomic status predicting outcome measures across the board. The results are discussed in relation to intervention fidelity, length of intervention, preschool quality, and the impact of background variables on children’s developmental trajectories and life prospects.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Gustavsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Neural processing of familiar and unfamiliar voices
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present a pilot study on neural processing of familiar and unfamiliar voices in adults. This is the first of a series of experiments we plan to perform to examine how general biological mechanisms and linguistic experience might interact during voice recognition, from birth up until adulthood. We have chosen to measure ERPs1 during voice presentation because it allows for an experimental setup suitable for both adults and infants (in future studies). Furthermore it captures the subject’s reaction to stimuli in both the sensory pathways and cognitive processing. In the current study our intention was to examine adults’ responses to familiar and unfamiliar voices as well as to evaluate the experimental design for our future studies.
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| 12. |
- Gustavsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Neural processing of voices - familiarity
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1939-800X. ; 19:I
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain responses to familiar and unfamiliar voices were investigated with ERPs (Event Related Potentials). Presentation of a stream of one syllable utterances from a female voice established a standard expectation, and similar samples from four other male voices where inserted as unexpected deviants in a typical mismatch paradigm. The participants were 12 students from the basic course in linguistics. Two of the deviant voices were familiar voices of their teachers. The two other deviant voices were matched (same age, sex and dialect) but unfamiliar to the participants. A typical MMN (Mismatch Negativity) was elicited, i.e. a more negative response to the deviants compared to the standards. In contrast to verbal reports, where only one participant identified any of the deviant voices, the MMN response differed on group level between familiar and unfamiliar voices. MMN to familiar voices was larger. Using teachers' voices ensured naturalistic long term exposure, but did not allow for random assignment to conditions of familiarity making the design quasi-experimental. Thus acoustic analysis of voice characteristics as well as follow up studies with randomized exposure to voices are needed to rule out possible confounds and establish a causal effect of voice familiarity.
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| 13. |
- Hörberg, Thomas, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The neurophysiological correlate to grammatical function reanalysis in Swedish
- 2013
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Ingår i: Language and cognitive processes (Print). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0169-0965 .- 1464-0732. ; 28:3, s. 388-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Language comprehension is assumed to proceed incrementally, and comprehenders commit to initial interpretations even in the absence of unambiguous information. Initial ambiguous object arguments are therefore preferably interpreted as subjects, an interpretation that needs to be revised towards an object initial interpretation once the disambiguating information is encountered. Most accounts of such grammatical function reanalyses assume that they involve phrase structure revisions, and do not differ from other syntactic reanalyses. A number of studies using measurements of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) provide evidence for this view by showing that both reanalysis types engender similar neurophysiological responses (e.g., P600 effects). Others have claimed that grammatical function reanalyses rather involve revisions of the mapping of thematic roles to argument noun phrases (NPs). In line with this, it has been shown that grammatical function reanalysis during spoken language comprehension engenders a N400 effect, an effect which has been shown to correlate with general problems in the mapping of thematic roles to argument NPs in a number of languages. This study investigated the ERP correlate to grammatical function reanalysis in Swedish. Postverbal NPs that disambiguated the interpretation of object-topicalised sentences towards an object-initial reading engendered a N400 effect with a local, right-parietal distribution. This ‘‘reanalysis N400’’ effect provides further support for the view that grammatical function reanalysis is functionally distinct from syntactic reanalyses and rather involves a revision of the mapping of thematic roles to the sentence arguments. Postverbal subject pronouns in object-topicalised sentences were also found to engender an enhanced P300 wave in comparison to object pronouns, an effect which seems to depend on the overall infrequency of object-topicalised constructions. This finding provides support for the view that the ‘‘reanalysis N400’’ in some cases can be attenuated by a task-related P300 component.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Kallioinen, Petter
(författare)
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Children’s Brainwaves in Semantic Processing, Auditory Discrimination and Selective Attention : – in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing and Typically Hearing Populations
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONDoctoral dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) at the Faculties of Humanities and Theology at Lund University to be publicly defended on the 14th of February at 13.00 in room LUX:B336, Lund University Cognitive Science, Helgonavägen 3, LundFaculty opponent:Professor Dr. Claudia Männel, LeipzigIn the present thesis, brainwaves analyzed as event-related potentials (ERPs), have been measured in children who are Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) and in children with Typical Hearing (TH), in two different intervention projects. One investigated a computer-assisted reading intervention with a phonics approach for children with hearing loss, and one evaluated two different teaching methods in Swedish preschools. In study I and II participants were 5–7 years-old children with cochlear implants (CI. N=15), conventional hearing aids (HA. N=15) or typical hearing (TH. N=12). In study I the N400 component, reflecting semantic processing, was investigated and in study II auditory mismatch responses (MMR) were measured in a paradigm with contrasts in five auditory dimensions (duration, intensity, pitch, location and gap insertion). The purpose of study I and study II was to study group differences in processing, and to evaluate effects of a computer- assisted reading intervention with a phonics approach. In study I, a larger N400 effect was found in children with CI, compared to children with HA and TH. Since children with CI in this study had lower semantic skills compared to children with TH, and because ERPs differed at early latencies and as a function of semantic relatedness, this result was interpreted as a reflection of increased semantic top- down processing in children with CI. In study II we found a mismatch negativity (MMN) effect for the duration deviant, while other sound contrasts resulted in positive mismatch responses (pMMR), not typical for the present age group but often found in much younger children. Study III is a review of four existing N400- studies of semantic processing in children with CI. Participants with CI (N=88) in the included studies were 1–10 years-of-age. We found N400 effects in all participant groups except in very young children with additional impairments. A replication of the large N400 effect of study I, including the early latency effect is discussed and give suggestions for future research including studying children with HA, and understudied group. In study IV and V, we investigate 4–6-year-old children in preschools (N=431). The children participated in extensive behavioral testing, and a subgroup of 138 children tested auditory selective attention as differences in ERP responses to probe sounds embedded in attended and unattended stories. The goal of study IV was to evaluate cognitive effects of preschool teaching practices in a randomized control trial (RCT) intervention study and investigate effects of background variables such as socioeconomic status (SES). In study V we investigate relations between executive functions (EF), selective auditory attention and several measures of language skills in data from the same project. The preschool interventions of study IV did not result in better EF, language, communication or early math skills, compared to controls. SES did predict EF and early math. Selective auditory attention had an expected effect with positive polarity at early latencies and an unexpected effect with negative polarity in later latencies. In study V we found that vocabulary measures had the highest correlations with EF, suggesting that studies that only use vocabulary might overestimate the relationship between EF and language. The selective auditory attention measure did not correlate with any EF measures, but did have weak correlations with language tests. Results in study I and III suggest that semantic top-down processing can be enhanced to compensate for difficulties in language comprehension in children with CI. However, the compensatory top-down processing is limited by difficulty of the language material, noise, and in being effortful. Studies of auditory responses (study II, IV and V) include results that are not typical for the studied age groups. Atypical age effects could be related to task difficulty. The effect of SES on cognitive measures suggest that the compensatory mission of Swedish preschool policy is important, as cognitive differences are found already at this age. Results overall suggest continuous interaction between cognitive faculties that can sometimes take compensatory roles.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Kallioinen, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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N400 as a measure of inter-item relatedness
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background How many time's a word appear in a corpu's constitute's it's word frequency. Word frequency affect's memory in robust but puzzling way's. In free recall paradigm's high frequency (HF) word's are easier to recall than low frequency (LF) word's, in list's with homogenou's word frequencie's. If HF and LF word's are mixed together in a list thi's affect recall of HF word's negatively while recall of LF word's i's better than in homogenou's list's. (Gregg, 1976; Ward, Woodward, Steven's & Stinson, 2003). HF word's have more inter-item relation's than LF word's (Gregg, Montgomery & Castaño, 1980). Inter-item association's ha's been suggested by variou's researcher's a's an explanation for frequency effect's or a's a partial explanation (review's in Gregg et al, 1980, and in Ward et al, 2003). The ERP (Event Related Potential) component N400, a central negativity approximately 400m's after stimulu's onset, i's thought to reflect semantic integration (Hinojosa, Martín- Loeche's, & Rubia, 2001). N400 thu's could be an electrophysiological measure of the effect of inter-item association's and it's amplitude should increase when inter- item association's decrease, i.e. when les's HF word's are in a list. However, N400 ha's also been interpreted a's an index of distinctivenes's (Fabiani & Donchin, 1995) which yield's a different prediction. In thi's view LF word's in a mixed list's are thought to be more distinctive than in a pure list, in which case the N400 should also be larger. In the present experiment HF and LF word's are presented in list's with homogenou's frequencie's and with mixed frequencie's. We hypothesize that the relative size of the N400 in mixed list's should distinguish between the alternative interpretation's of N400. Method Eighty list's of six word's each were shown to 13 paid student's in a study-test paradigm. Each word wa's shown 1250 m's and inter-stimulu's interval varied randomly between 1500 and 2000 m's. Between study and test there wa's a 10 's distraction task. Half of the list's had homogenou's word frequencie's, half had mixed frequencie's, half of the word's were HF word's, half were LF word's. Order of word's were randomized. During study phase EEG wa's recorded with a 129 electrode channel Geodesic Sensor Net. Result's Recall rate's were analyzed in an ANOVA with word frequency and list composition a's factor's. There wa's a main effect of frequency (F(1, 13) = 10.6, p = 0.006 < 0.05, MSe = 0.006) and an interaction effect between frequency and list composition (F(1, 13) = 8.3, p = 0.013 < 0.05, MSe = 0.004). Mean ERP amplitude of grouped electrode's in the time window dominated by the N400, 375 – 600 m's, were analyzed in an ANOVA with word frequency, list composition, recall, left-right axi's (3 level's), and anterior- posterior axi's (4 level's). Greenhouse-Geisser correction wa's used. There wa's a main effect of frequency ( F( 1, 12) = 6.6, p = 0.025 < 0.05, MSe = 126) and an interaction between frequency, list composition and left-right axi's ( F( 1.4, 17) = 6.0, p = 0.018 < 0.05, MSe = 4.1) reflecting a minimal N400 for HF word's in pure list's, a larger N400 for HF word's in mixed list's and an even larger N400 för LF word's in both list type's. Discussion Thi's i's the first time mixing HF and LF word's ha's been shown to affect an ERP component. The result's support the view that inter-item relationship's among word's affect N400 rather than distinctivenes's. Reference's Gregg, V. (1976). Word frequency, recognition and recall. In J. Brown (ED.), Recall and recognition. London: Wiley & Son's. Gregg, V. H., Montgomery, D. C., & Casta ̃o, D. (1980). Recall of common and uncommon word's from pure and mixed list's. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 240-245. Hinojosa, J. A., Martín-Loeche's, M., & Rubia, F. J. (2001). Event-related potential's and semantic's: An overview and an integrative proposal. Brain and Language, 78, 128- 139. Fabiani, M., & Donchin, E. (1995). Encoding proces's and memory organization: A model of the von Restorff effect. Journal of Experimental Psycholog: Learning, memory, and cognition, 21, 224-240. Ward, G., Woodward, G., Steven's, A., & Stinson, C. (2003). Using overt rehearsal's to explain word frequency effect's. Journal of Experimental Psycholog: Learning, memory, and cognition, 29( 2), 186-210.
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| 19. |
- Kallioinen, Petter, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Semantic processing in children with Cochlear Implants : A review of current N400 studies and recommendations for future research
- 2023
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 182
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deaf and hard of hearing children with cochlear implants (CI) often display impaired spoken language skills. While a large number of studies investigated brain responses to sounds in this population, relatively few focused on semantic processing. Here we summarize and discuss findings in four studies of the N400, a cortical response that reflects semantic processing, in children with CI. A study with auditory target stimuli found N400 effects at delayed latencies at 12 months after implantation, but at 18 and 24 months after implantation effects had typical latencies. In studies with visual target stimuli N400 effects were larger than or similar to controls in children with CI, despite lower semantic abilities. We propose that in children with CI, the observed large N400 effect reflects a stronger reliance on top-down predictions, relative to bottom-up language processing. Recent behavioral studies of children and adults with CI suggest that top-down processing is a common compensatory strategy, but with distinct limitations such as being effortful. A majority of the studies have small sample sizes (N < 20), and only responses to image targets were studied repeatedly in similar paradigms. This precludes strong conclusions. We give suggestions for future research and ways to overcome the scarcity of participants, including extending research to children with conventional hearing aids, an understudied group.
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| 20. |
- Kallioinen, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Semantic Processing in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children : Large N400 Mismatch Effects in Brain Responses, Despite Poor Semantic Ability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - London : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Difficulties in auditory and phonological processing affect semantic processing in speech comprehension for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. However, little is known about brain responses related to semantic processing in this group. We investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) in DHH children with cochlear implants (CIs) and/or hearing aids (HAs), and in normally hearing controls (NH). We used a semantic priming task with spoken word primes followed by picture targets. In both DHH children and controls, cortical response differences between matching and mismatching targets revealed a typical N400 effect associated with semantic processing. Children with CI had the largest mismatch response despite poor semantic abilities overall; Children with CI also had the largest ERP differentiation between mismatch types, with small effects in within-category mismatch trials (target from same category as prime) and large effects in between-category mismatch trials (where target is from a different category than prime), compared to matching trials. Children with NH and HA had similar responses to both mismatch types. While the large and differentiated ERP responses in the CI group were unexpected and should be interpreted with caution, the results could reflect less precision in semantic processing among children with CI, or a stronger reliance on predictive processing.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Klintfors, Eeva, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical N400-potentials generated by adults in response to semantic incongruities
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Fonetik 2011. - Stockholm, Sweden : Universitetsserveice AB. ; , s. 121-124
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Eight adult participants were investigated in a pre-experiment for the future assessment of semantic N400 effects in children. The materials were words resented in semantically incongruent vs. congruent picture contexts. For example, he word duck was played while a picture of a tree was shown in the incongruent est condition vs. the word duck was played while a picture of a duck was shown in the congruent test condition. A larger N400 effect was expected in response to the incongruent audio-visual pairings. The results showed in time extended peak-to peak differences between congruent and incongruent audio-visual pairings at the centroparietal, parietal and parieto-occipital recording sites. This study was performed to validate the current materials to be used to answer questions on appearance of the N400 component in children.
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| 23. |
- Marklund, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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N1 Repetition-Attenuation for Acoustically Variable Speech and Spectrally Rotated Speech
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5161. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amplitude of the event-related N1 wave decreases with repeated stimulation. This repetition-attenuation has not previously been investigated in response to variable auditory stimuli, nor has the relative impact of acoustic vs. perceptual category repetition been studied. In the present study, N1 repetition-attenuation was investigated for speech and spectrally rotated speech with varying degrees of acoustic and perceptual category variation. In the speech condition, participants (n = 19) listened to stimulus trains consisting of either the same vowel exemplar (no variability condition), different exemplars of the same vowel (low variability condition), or different exemplars of two different vowels (high variability condition). In the rotated speech condition, the spectrally rotated counterparts of the vowels were presented. Findings show N1 repetition-attenuation in the face of acoustic and perceptual category variability, but no impact of the degree of variability on the degree of N1 attenuation. Speech stimuli resulted in less attenuation than the acoustically matched non-speech stimuli, which is in line with previous findings. It remains unclear if the attenuation of the N1 wave is reduced as a result of stimuli being perceived as belonging to perceptual categories or as a result of some other characteristic of speech.
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| 24. |
- Misgeld, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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The melodic beat: exploring asymmetry in polska performance
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematics and Music - Mathematical and Computational Approaches to Music Theory, Analysis, Composition and Performance. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-9737 .- 1745-9745. ; , s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some triple-beat forms in Scandinavian Folk Music are characterized by non-isochronous beat durations: asymmetric beats. Theorists of folk music have suggested that the variability of rhythmic figures and asymmetric metre are fundamental to these forms. The aim of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding of the relationship between melodic structure and asymmetric metre by analysing semi-automatically annotated performances. Our study considers archive and contemporary recordings of fiddlers' different versions of the same musical pieces: polska tunes in a local Swedish tradition. Results show that asymmetric beat patterns are consistent between performances and that they correspond with structural features of rhythmic figures, such as the note density within beats. The present study goes beyond previous work by exploring the use of a state-of-the-art automatic music notation tool in a corpus study of Swedish traditional music, and by employing statistical methods for a comparative analysis of performances across different players.
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| 25. |
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