| 1. |
- Akselsson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the risk of N leaching from forest soils across a steep N deposition gradient in Sweden.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 158:12, s. 3588-3595
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen leaching from boreal and temporal forests, where normally most of the nitrogen is retained, has the potential to increase acidification of soil and water and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. In parts of Sweden, where the nitrogen deposition has been intermediate to high during recent decades, there are indications that the soils are close to nitrogen saturation. In this study, four different approaches were used to assess the risk of nitrogen leaching from forest soils in different parts of Sweden. Nitrate concentrations in soil water and C:N ratios in the humus layer where interpreted, together with model results from mass balance calculations and detailed dynamic modelling. All four approaches pointed at a risk of nitrogen leaching from forest soils in southern Sweden. However, there was a substantial variation on a local scale. Basing the assessment on four different approaches makes the assessment robust.
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| 2. |
- Helander, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring stakeholders' perceived problems associated with the care and support of children and youth with mental ill health in Sweden : a qualitative study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. - : Springer Nature. - 1606-0997 .- 2072-1315. ; 43:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCare and support for children and youth with mental ill health have become more specialized and are provided by an increasing number of stakeholders. As a result, services are often fragmented, inefficient and unco-ordinated, with negative consequences for the service user and their family. Enhanced collaboration could lead to improved care and support but requires a shared understanding and a joint problem formulation between involved stakeholders to commence. The aim of this study was to explore different stakeholders' perceived problems associated with delivering care and support to children and youth with mental ill health and to discuss how the perceived problems relate to collaboration.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted, using short statements of perceived problems written by stakeholders involved in the care and support of children and youth with mental ill health during an inter-organizational workshop. The 26 stakeholders represented school and student health, primary health care, specialist care, social services, and different service user organizations. Data were collected during February 2020. Inductive content analysis with a summative approach was used when analysing the data.ResultsThe perceived problems were summarized in a model consisting of four main categories: Resources and governance; Collaboration and co-ordination; Knowledge and competence; and Stigma and confidence, containing 24 subcategories. These categories and subcategories were distributed over three levels: Societal level, Organizational level and Individual level. The perceived problems were shared on the category level but to some extent varied between stakeholder groups on the subcategory level. The perceived problems were either directly or indirectly related to collaboration.ConclusionsThe perceived problems often acted as barriers to achieving successful collaboration. The problems were distributed on all three levels in the developed model, indicating a complex problem. Even though the perceived problems were shared by stakeholders on an overall level, the findings indicate that the stakeholders did not have a completely shared understanding of the perceived problems, as they tended to focus on aspects most relevant to their own organization or perceptions. The challenge is to find which perceived problems are appropriate for inter-organization problem-solving and which can be solved within individual organizations.
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| 3. |
- Hellsten, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Påverkan på atmosfäriskt nedfall och luftkvaliten i Sverige av SO2-emissioner från vulkanutbrottet på Island, 2014-2015 : Utvärdering med Krondroppsnätets mätningar och EMEP modellen
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den 31 augusti 2014 till 27 februari 2015 pågick ett vulkanutbrott på Island med utsläpp av svaveldioxid (SO2) i samma storleksordning som de dubbla antropogena utsläppen från Europa under ett år. Merparten av svavelutsläppen från vulkanen skedde under september till november 2014. Vulkanutbrottet påverkade periodvis luftkvaliteten i Sverige, framför allt under september och oktober 2014. och i synnerhet i norra Sverige som normalt har en relativt ren miljö utan större föroreningskällor.Samtliga mätplatser inom Krondroppsnätet visade förhöjda lufthalter av SO2 i september 2014 jämfört med tidigare år. Den uppmätta genomsnittliga SO2-halten i september 2014 över Sverige, var sex gånger så hög som motsvarande treårsmedelvärde för september under 2011-2013. Ökningen var störst i norra Sverige, där lufthalterna var 25 gånger högre än normalt. I södra och mellersta Sverige var ökningen betydligt mindre, ungefär 3 gånger så hög i mellersta Sverige och dubbelt så hög i södra Sverige. Spridningsmodellering med EMEP-modellen visade att över 90 % av SO2-halterna under september 2014 i norra Sverige hade sitt ursprung i SO2-emissioner från vulkanutbrottet.I likhet med lufthalterna ökade svavelnedfallet mest i norra Sverige, men för nedfallet var ökningen störst under oktober månad. Detta kan förklaras av att nederbördsmängden under oktober månad var hög. September månad karaktäriserades av en låg nederbördsmängd, varför en stor mängd av torrdepositionen av svavel från september, det vill säga den deposition som fastnar i trädkronorna, sköljdes ner med regnet och samlades in i krondroppsmätningarna under träd-kronorna först under oktober månad. Detta bidrog till att den totala svaveldepositionen (alltså mätningarna via krondropp) blev hög under oktober.Nedfallet av svavel med nederbörden (våtdepositionen) var ca tre gånger så hög under oktober 2014 över Sverige jämfört med motsvarande treårsmedelvärde för oktober under 2011-2013. Totaldepositionen som krondropp ökade ännu mer och var ca fem gånger högre. Nedfallet ökade mest i norra Sverige, där nedfallet över öppet fält ökade med 350 % och totaldepositionen som krondropp ökade drygt 1200 %. Motsvarande ökning i mellersta Sverige var 270 % för nedfallet över öppet fält och 760 % för totaldepositionen som krondropp. I södra Sverige var ökningen bara 130 % respektive 220 %. Spridningsberäkningen med EMEP-modellen visade att våtdepositions-andelen från vulkanen var mer än 80 % i vissa delar av norra Sverige, under tiden för vulkanutbrottet (september 2014 – februari 2015).Även om mätresultaten visar på kraftiga förhöjningar av SO2-halter och svavelnedfall på månads-basis, så syns effekten inte lika tydligt om man analyserar data för årsmedelvärden (hydrologiska år), framförallt inte i södra och mellersta Sverige. Detta beror framförallt på att inledningen av vulkanutbrottet (september 2014) tillfaller det hydrologiska året 2013/2014, medan återstoden av vulkanutbrottet tillfaller det hydrologiska året 2014/2015. Om man däremot analyserar data på kalenderåret 2014 så syns effekten tydligt i hela landet.Även om det antropogena svavelnedfallet och lufthalterna av SO2 minskat dramatiskt i Sverige under de senaste 30 åren, belyser den här studien vikten av att upprätthålla luftkvalitetsmätningar. Krondroppsnätets mätningar bekräftar inte bara återhämtning, utan är också ett användbart verktyg för att spåra effekterna av specifika föroreningshändelser såsom vulkaniska utsläpp av SO2.
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| 4. |
- Hellsten, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Påverkan på atmosfäriskt nedfall och luftkvaliten i Sverige av SO2-emissioner från vulkanutbrottet på Island, 2014-2015
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den 31 augusti 2014 till 27 februari 2015 pågick ett vulkanutbrott på Island med utsläpp av svaveldioxid (SO2) i samma storleksordning som de dubbla antropogena utsläppen från Europa under ett år. Merparten av svavelutsläppen från vulkanen skedde under september till november 2014. Vulkanutbrottet påverkade periodvis luftkvaliteten i Sverige, framför allt under september och oktober 2014. och i synnerhet i norra Sverige som normalt har en relativt ren miljö utan större föroreningskällor. Samtliga mätplatser inom Krondroppsnätet visade förhöjda lufthalter av SO2 i september 2014 jämfört med tidigare år. Den uppmätta genomsnittliga SO2-halten i september 2014 över Sverige, var sex gånger så hög som motsvarande treårsmedelvärde för september under 2011-2013. Ökningen var störst i norra Sverige, där lufthalterna var 25 gånger högre än normalt. I södra och mellersta Sverige var ökningen betydligt mindre, ungefär 3 gånger så hög i mellersta Sverige och dubbelt så hög i södra Sverige. Spridningsmodellering med EMEP-modellen visade att över 90 % av SO2-halterna under september 2014 i norra Sverige hade sitt ursprung i SO2-emissioner från vulkanutbrottet. I likhet med lufthalterna ökade svavelnedfallet mest i norra Sverige, men för nedfallet var ökningen störst under oktober månad. Detta kan förklaras av att nederbördsmängden under oktober månad var hög. September månad karaktäriserades av en låg nederbördsmängd, varför en stor mängd av torrdepositionen av svavel från september, det vill säga den deposition som fastnar i trädkronorna, sköljdes ner med regnet och samlades in i krondroppsmätningarna under träd¬kronorna först under oktober månad. Detta bidrog till att den totala svaveldepositionen (alltså mätningarna via krondropp) blev hög under oktober. Nedfallet av svavel med nederbörden (våtdepositionen) var ca tre gånger så hög under oktober 2014 över Sverige jämfört med motsvarande treårsmedelvärde för oktober under 2011-2013. Totaldepositionen som krondropp ökade ännu mer och var ca fem gånger högre. Nedfallet ökade mest i norra Sverige, där nedfallet över öppet fält ökade med 350 % och totaldepositionen som krondropp ökade drygt 1200 %. Motsvarande ökning i mellersta Sverige var 270 % för nedfallet över öppet fält och 760 % för totaldepositionen som krondropp. I södra Sverige var ökningen bara 130 % respektive 220 %. Spridningsberäkningen med EMEP-modellen visade att våtdepositions¬andelen från vulkanen var mer än 80 % i vissa delar av norra Sverige, under tiden för vulkanutbrottet (september 2014 – februari 2015). Även om mätresultaten visar på kraftiga förhöjningar av SO2-halter och svavelnedfall på månads-basis, så syns effekten inte lika tydligt om man analyserar data för årsmedelvärden (hydrologiska år), framförallt inte i södra och mellersta Sverige. Detta beror framförallt på att inledningen av vulkanutbrottet (september 2014) tillfaller det hydrologiska året 2013/2014, medan återstoden av vulkanutbrottet tillfaller det hydrologiska året 2014/2015. Om man däremot analyserar data på kalenderåret 2014 så syns effekten tydligt i hela landet. Även om det antropogena svavelnedfallet och lufthalterna av SO2 minskat dramatiskt i Sverige under de senaste 30 åren, belyser den här studien vikten av att upprätthålla luftkvalitetsmätningar. Krondroppsnätets mätningar bekräftar inte bara återhämtning, utan är också ett användbart verktyg för att spåra effekterna av specifika föroreningshändelser såsom vulkaniska utsläpp av SO2. This report is only available in Swedish. English summary is available in the report.
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| 5. |
- Karlsson, Niclas G., 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular characterization of the large heavily glycosylated domain glycopeptide from the rat small intestinal Muc2 mucin.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Glycoconjugate journal. - 0282-0080. ; 13:5, s. 823-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The largest high-glycosylated domain, glycopeptide A, of the "insoluble' mucin complex of the rat small intestine has earlier been purified and characterized (Carlstedt et al., 1993, J Biol Chem 268: 18771-81). A rabbit antiserum raised against deglycosylated glycopeptide A was used to clone part of a mucin showing homology to the human MUC2 mucin (Hansson et al., 1994, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 198. 181-90). This serum specifically stained goblet cells (paranuclear) in the mouse small intestine. The size of the coding sequence of glycopeptide A was estimated by using reversed transcriptase PCR of mRNA from an inbred rat strain (GOT-W) using primers in the unique central and C-terminal parts of the proposed rat Muc2 sequences. The PCR and Southern blot of the PCR products showed a fragment of about 5.5 kb corresponding to about 1700 amino acids when the known Cys-rich sequences used for the primers were subtracted. This is slightly larger than the size estimated earlier by biochemical studies. The mRNA encoding the rat Muc2 was slightly smaller than the mRNA encoding the human MUC2 in a colorectal cell line. Although the size of glycopeptide A estimated from biochemical results and by PCR is not identical, the results obtained here further support that the "insoluble' mucin of the rat small intestine is encoded by the Muc2 gene. Most of the oligosaccharides in glycopeptide A were either neutral (40%) or sialylated (40%). The remaining ones were sulfated with the sulfate group attached to C-6 of N-acetylglucosamine linked to C-6 of the N-acetylgalactosaminitol as revealed by tandem mass spectrometry of the perdeuteroacetylated oligosaccharides. Eighteen oligosaccharides were found of which fourteen were characterized and found to be mostly novel. Our findings thus expand the current knowledge of the core peptide of the rat intestinal goblet cell mucin and provide a relatively complete picture of the glycosylation of a defined mucin domain.
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| 6. |
- Karlsson, Niclas G., 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
The glycosylation of rat intestinal Muc2 mucin varies between rat strains and the small and large intestine. A study of O-linked oligosaccharides by a mass spectrometric approach.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 272:43, s. 27025-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The large glycosylated domains obtained from the rat intestinal mucin Muc2 were isolated from the large and small intestine of the inbred rat strains GOT-W and GOT-BW. The expression of the rat Muc2 in the large intestine was confirmed immunochemically and by Northern blotting. Released oligosaccharides were structurally characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (neutral and sialylated species) or by tandem mass spectrometry (sulfated species), and a total of 63 structures was assigned. The large intestinal oligosaccharides were found to be identical between the strains, while the small intestinal glycosylation differed. Until now, detailed structural analysis of oligosaccharides isolated from a single mucin core or mucin domain with different origin have not been performed, and the information of different mucin glycoforms has been limited to immunochemistry. Blood group A-determinants (GalNAcalpha1-3(Fucalpha1-2)Galbeta1-, and structures related to the blood group Sda/Cad-related epitope NeuAc/NeuGcalpha1-3(GalNAcbeta1-4)Galbeta1-, were found in GOT-BW small intestine, and also in both large intestines. Blood group H-determinants and NeuAc/NeuGcalpha1-3Galbeta1- were found in all samples. Core 1 (Galbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-), core 2 (Galbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1-), core 3 (GlcNAcbeta1-3GalNAcalpha1-), and core 4 (GlcNAcbeta1-3(GlcNAcbeta1-6)GalNAcalpha1- were also found in all the samples. The large intestine were enriched in sulfated oligosaccharides and the small intestine contained higher amounts of sialylated species. Sulfation were found exclusively on C-6 of GlcNAc.
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
-
Kvinnor i avlönat husligt arbete
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Liv i rörelse : Göteborgs befolkning och arbetsmarknad 1900–1950 - Göteborgs befolkning och arbetsmarknad 1900–1950. - 9789188909947 - 9789189361225 ; , s. 173-192
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Liu, Ya-Jun, et al.
(författare)
-
Photodissociation of Bromobenzene, Dibromobenzene, and 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 120:14, s. 6502-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum chemical calculations have been performed on the ground state and several low-lying excited states of bromobenzene, ortho-, meta-, and para-dibromobenzene, and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene using high-level ab initio and hybrid density-functional methods. Experimental observations of ultrafast predissociation in these molecules are clarified from extensive theoretical information about all low-energy potential-energy curves together with symmetry arguments. The intriguing observation that o- and m-dibromobenzene have two ultrafast predissociation channels while bromobenzene, p-dibromobenzene, and 1,3,5-tribromobenzene only have one such channel is explained from the calculated potential-energy curves. These show that the lowering of point-group symmetry from C2v to Cs along the main photodissociation reaction coordinate, which only occurs in o- and m-dibromobenzene, opens up a new predissociation channel. Dynamical quantum simulations based on the calculated potential-energy curves are used to estimate the coupling strength at the intersystem crossing point in bromobenzene.
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| 9. |
- Pang, M-F, et al.
(författare)
-
TGF-beta 1-induced EMT promotes targeted migration of breast cancer cells through the lymphatic system by the activation of CCR7/CCL21-mediated chemotaxis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Oncogene. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0950-9232 .- 1476-5594. ; 35:6, s. 748-760
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor cells frequently disseminate through the lymphatic system during metastatic spread of breast cancer and many other types of cancer. Yet it is not clear how tumor cells make their way into the lymphatic system and how they choose between lymphatic and blood vessels for migration. Here we report that mammary tumor cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) become activated for targeted migration through the lymphatic system, similar to dendritic cells (DCs) during inflammation. EMT cells preferentially migrated toward lymphatic vessels compared with blood vessels, both in vivo and in 3D cultures. A mechanism of this targeted migration was traced to the capacity of TGF-beta 1 to promote CCR7/CCL21-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells. On one hand, TGF-beta 1 promoted CCR7 expression in EMT cells through p38 MAP kinase-mediated activation of the JunB transcription factor. Blockade of CCR7, or treatment with a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, reduced lymphatic dissemination of EMT cells in syngeneic mice. On the other hand, TGF-beta 1 promoted CCL21 expression in lymphatic endothelial cells. CCL21 acted in a paracrine fashion to mediate chemotactic migration of EMT cells toward lymphatic endothelial cells. The results identify TGF-beta 1-induced EMT as a mechanism, which activates tumor cells for targeted, DC-like migration through the lymphatic system. Furthermore, it suggests that p38 MAP kinase inhibition may be a useful strategy to inhibit EMT and lymphogenic spread of tumor cells.
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| 10. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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| 11. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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| 12. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information.This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets.We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and private-sector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consumption, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environmental trade-offs.If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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| 13. |
- Ran, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 2542-5196. ; 8:3, s. e172-e187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets. We then provide recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that use environmental assessments, such as health and nutrition experts, policy makers, decision makers, and privatesector and public-sector sustainability officers. We recommend that environmental assessment of diets should include indicators for at least the five following areas: climate change, biosphere integrity, blue water consump tion, novel entities, and impacts on natural resources (especially wild fish stocks), to capture important environ mental trade-offs. If more indicators can be handled in the assessment, indicators to capture impacts related to land use quantity and quality and green water consumption should be used. For ambitious assessments, indicators related to biogeochemical flows, stratospheric ozone depletion, and energy use can be added.
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| 14. |
- Recktenwald, Christian V, et al.
(författare)
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The structure of the second CysD domain of MUC2 and role in mucin organization by transglutaminase-based cross-linking
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Cell Reports. - 2211-1247. ; 43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MUC2 mucin protects the colonic epithelium by a two-layered mucus with an inner attached bacteria-free layer and an outer layer harboring commensal bacteria. CysD domains are 100 amino-acid-long sequences containing 10 cysteines that separate highly O-glycosylated proline, threonine, serine (PTS) regions in mucins. The structure of the second CysD, CysD2, of MUC2 is now solved by nuclear magnetic resonance. CysD2 shows a stable stalk region predicted to be partly covered by adjacent O-glycans attached to neighboring PTS sequences, whereas the CysD2 tip with three flexible loops is suggested to be well exposed. It shows transient dimer interactions at acidic pH, weakened at physiological pH. This transient interaction can be stabilized in vitro and in vivo by transglutaminase 3-catalyzed isopeptide bonds, preferring a specific glutamine residue on one flexible loop. This covalent dimer is modeled suggesting that CysD domains act as connecting hubs for covalent stabilization of mucins to form a protective mucus.
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| 15. |
- Steinz, Maarten M, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative hotspots on actin promote skeletal muscle weakness in rheumatoid arthritis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI). - 2379-3708 .- 2324-7703 .- 2325-4556. ; 4:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle weakness in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) adds to their impaired working abilities and reduced quality of life. However, little molecular insight is available on muscle weakness associated with RA. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the disease pathogenesis of RA. Here, we show that oxidative posttranslational modifications of the contractile machinery targeted to actin result in impaired actin polymerization and reduced force production. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the actin residues targeted by oxidative 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) or malondialdehyde (MDA) adduct modifications in weakened skeletal muscle from mice with arthritis and patients afflicted by RA. The residues were primarily located in 3 distinct regions positioned at matching surface areas of the skeletal muscle actin molecule from arthritic mice and patients with RA. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that these areas, here coined "hotspots," are important for the stability of the actin molecule and its capacity to generate filaments and interact with myosin. Together, these data demonstrate how oxidative modifications on actin promote muscle weakness in RA patients and may provide novel leads for targeted therapeutic treatment to improve muscle function.
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| 16. |
- Ståhle, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
-
Designguide för Smarta gator
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Designguiden för smarta gator konkretiserar hur de fyra megatrenderna urbanisering, digitalisering, samhällsförändringar och miljöförändringar leder till nya krav och utformningsprinciper för framtidens gator. Guiden är tänkt att fungera som en inspiration och ett underlag för att förnya svensk gatupolicy på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå.Guiden innehåller utöver en inledning följande kapitel: en historisk tillbakablick (gatans utveckling), gatans användning, gatans delar, gatans design, designprocessen, guidens genomförande.
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| 17. |
- Tuulari, Jetro J., et al.
(författare)
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Neural correlates of gentle skin stroking in early infancy
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-9293 .- 1878-9307. ; 35, s. 36-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical expressions of affection play a foundational role in early brain development, but the neural correlates of affective touch processing in infancy remain unclear. We examined brain responses to gentle skin stroking, a type of tactile stimulus associated with affectionate touch, in young infants. Thirteen term-born infants aged 11-36. days, recruited through the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, were included in the study. Soft brush strokes, which activate brain regions linked to somatosensory as well as socio-affective processing in children and adults, were applied to the skin of the right leg during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined infant brain responses in two regions-of-interest (ROIs) known to process gentle skin stroking - the postcentral gyrus and posterior insular cortex - and found significant responses in both ROIs. These results suggest that the neonate brain is responsive to gentle skin stroking within the first weeks of age, and that regions linked to primary somatosensory as well as socio-affective processing are activated. Our findings support the notion that social touch may play an important role in early life sensory processing. Future research will elucidate the significance of these findings for human brain development.
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| 18. |
- Wallensten, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory waterfowl in northern Europe
- 2007
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. - 1080-6040 ; 13:3, s. 404-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted large-scale, systematic sampling of influenza type A virus in migratory waterfowl (mostly mallards [Anas platyrhynchos]) at Ottenby Bird Observatory, southeast Sweden. As with previous studies, we found a higher prevalence in fall than spring, and among juveniles compared with adults. However, in contrast to other studies, we found that prevalence in spring was sometimes high (mean 4.0%, highest 9.5%). This finding raises the possibility that ducks are capable of perpetuating influenza A virus of different subtypes and subtype combinations throughout the year and from 1 year to the next. Isolation of the H5 and H7 subtypes was common, which suggests risk for transmission to sensitive domestic animals such as poultry. We argue that wild bird screening can function as a sentinel system, and we give an example of how it could have been used to forecast a remote and deadly outbreak of influenza A in poultry.
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| 19. |
- Wang, Yunzhang, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive longitudinal study of epigenetic mutations in aging
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : BioMed Central. - 1868-7083 .- 1868-7075. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The role of DNA methylation in aging has been widely studied. However, epigenetic mutations, here defined as aberrant methylation levels compared to the distribution in a population, are less understood. Hence, we investigated longitudinal accumulation of epigenetic mutations, using 994 blood samples collected at up to five time points from 375 individuals in old ages.Results: We verified earlier cross-sectional evidence on the increase of epigenetic mutations with age, and identified important contributing factors including sex, CD19+ B cells, genetic background, cancer diagnosis, and technical artifacts. We further classified epigenetic mutations into High/Low Methylation Outliers (HMO/LMO) according to their changes in methylation, and specifically studied methylation sites (CpGs) that were prone to mutate (frequently mutated CpGs). We validated four epigenetically mutated CpGs using pyrosequencing in 93 samples. Furthermore, by using twins, we concluded that the age-related accumulation of epigenetic mutations was not related to genetic factors, hence driven by stochastic or environmental effects.Conclusions: Here we conducted a comprehensive study of epigenetic mutation and highlighted its important role in aging process and cancer development.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Åberg-Bengtsson, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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När Agnes fick va solen så fattade man ju precis : Om illustrationer i undervisning av yngre elever
- 2014
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog. - Stockholm : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173072472 ; , s. 246-254
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att göra adekvata tolkningar av bilder och modeller kan vara verkliga stötestenar för många barn. Särskilt besvärligt förefaller det vara att tolka bilder av processer och förlopp i tryckta läromedel. Även enk-lare bilder och vanliga symboler kan dock leda till icke avsedda tolkningar. Barnen i studien föreföll i många fall betrakta illustrationerna som enbart dekoration och förbigick dem ofta om de inte direkt uppmärksammades på dem. Å andra sidan kunde illustrationer också, särskilt sådana som visade på extremer av något slag, väcka förundran och intresse.
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| 22. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Individual preferences for physical exercise as secondary prevention for non-specific low back pain : a discrete choice experiment
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exercise is effective in improving non-specific low back pain (LBP). Certain components of physical exercise, such as the type, intensity and frequency of exercise, are likely to influence participation among working adults with non-specific LBP, but the value and relative importance of these components remain unknown. The study's aim was to examine such specific components and their influence on individual preferences for exercise for secondary prevention of non-specific LBP among working adults. Methods: In a discrete choice experiment, working individuals with non-specific LBP answered a webbased questionnaire. Each respondent was given ten pairs of hypothetical exercise programs and asked to choose one option from each pair. The choices comprised six attributes of exercise (i.e., type of training, design, intensity, frequency, proximity and incentives), each with either three or four levels. A conditional logit regression that reflected the random utility model was used to analyze the responses. Results: The final study population consisted of 112 participants. The participants' preferred exercise option was aerobic (i.e., cardiovascular) rather than strength training, group exercise with trainer supervision, rather than individual or unsupervised exercise. They also preferred high intensity exercise performed at least once or twice per week. The most popular types of incentive were exercise during working hours and a wellness allowance rather than coupons for sports goods. The results show that the relative value of some attribute levels differed between young adults (age <= 44 years) and older adults (age <= 45 years) in terms of the level of trainer supervision required, exercise intensity, travel time to exercise location and financial incentives. For active study participants, exercise frequency (i.e., twice per week, 1.15; CI: 0.25; 2.06) influenced choice of exercise. For individuals with more than one child, travel time (i.e., 20 minutes, - 0.55; CI: 0.65; 3.26) was also an influential attribute for choice of exercise, showing that people with children at home preferred to exercise close to home. Conclusions: This study adds to our knowledge about what types of exercise working adults with back pain are most likely to participate in. The exercise should be a cardiovascular type of training carried out in a group with trainer supervision. It should also be of high intensity and preferably performed twice per week during working hours. Coupons for sports goods do not appear to motivate physical activity among workers with LBP. The findings of the study could have a substantial impact on the planning and development of exercise provision and promotion strategies to improve non-specific LBP. Providers and employers may be able to improve participation in exercise programs for adults with non-specific LBP by focusing on the exercise components which are the most attractive. This in turn would improve satisfaction and adherence to exercise interventions aimed at preventing recurrent non-specific LBP.
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| 23. |
- Akula, Murali K, et al.
(författare)
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Protein prenylation restrains innate immunity by inhibiting Rac1 effector interactions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rho family proteins are prenylated by geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), which normally target proteins to membranes for GTP-loading. However, conditional deletion of GGIase-I in mouse macrophages increases GTP-loading of Rho proteins, leading to enhanced inflammatory responses and severe rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show that heterozygous deletion of the Rho family gene Rac1, but not Rhoa and Cdc42, reverses inflammation and arthritis in GGTase-I-deficient mice. Non-prenylated Rac1 has a high affinity for the adaptor protein Ras GTPase-activating-like protein 1 (Iqgap1), which facilitates both GTP exchange and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of Rac1. Consistently, inactivating lagapl normalizes Rac1 GTP-loading, and reduces inflammation and arthritis in GGTase-I-deficient mice, as well as prevents statins from increasing Rac1 GTP-loading and cytokine production in macrophages. We conclude that blocking prenylation stimulates Rac1 effector interactions and unleashes proinflammatory signaling. Our results thus suggest that prenylation normally restrains innate immune responses by preventing Rac1 effector interactions.
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| 24. |
- Almby, Kristina E., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on the Brain : Simultaneous Assessment of Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow, Neural Activity, and Cognitive Function During Normo- and Hypoglycemia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 70:6, s. 1265-1277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in obese individuals typically improves glycemic control and prevents diabetes, it also frequently causes asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Previous work showed attenuated counterregulatory responses following RYGB. The underlying mechanisms as well as the clinical consequences are unclear. In this study, 11 subjects without diabetes with severe obesity were investigated pre- and post-RYGB during hyperinsulinemic normo-hypoglycemic clamps. Assessments were made of hormones, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, brain glucose metabolism by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, and activation of brain networks by functional MRI. Post- versus presurgery, we found a general increase of cerebral blood flow but a decrease of total brain FDG uptake during normoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, there was a marked increase in total brain FDG uptake, and this was similar for post- and presurgery, whereas hypothalamic FDG uptake was reduced during hypoglycemia. During hypoglycemia, attenuated responses of counterregulatory hormones and improvements in cognitive function were seen postsurgery. In early hypoglycemia, there was increased activation post- versus presurgery of neural networks in brain regions implicated in glucose regulation, such as the thalamus and hypothalamus. The results suggest adaptive responses of the brain that contribute to lowering of glycemia following RYGB, and the underlying mechanisms should be further elucidated.
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| 25. |
- Alvez, Maria Bueno, et al.
(författare)
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Next generation pan-cancer blood proteome profiling using proximity extension assay
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive characterization of blood proteome profiles in cancer patients can contribute to a better understanding of the disease etiology, resulting in earlier diagnosis, risk stratification and better monitoring of the different cancer subtypes. Here, we describe the use of next generation protein profiling to explore the proteome signature in blood across patients representing many of the major cancer types. Plasma profiles of 1463 proteins from more than 1400 cancer patients are measured in minute amounts of blood collected at the time of diagnosis and before treatment. An open access Disease Blood Atlas resource allows the exploration of the individual protein profiles in blood collected from the individual cancer patients. We also present studies in which classification models based on machine learning have been used for the identification of a set of proteins associated with each of the analyzed cancers. The implication for cancer precision medicine of next generation plasma profiling is discussed.
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