| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing Action and Intention Recognition in Human-Robot Interaction with ANEMONE
- 2021
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Ingår i: Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Techniques and Novel Applications. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030784645 - 9783030784652 ; , s. 181-200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ANEMONE is a methodological approach for user experience (UX) evaluation of action and intention recognition in human-robot interaction that has activity theory as its theoretical lens in combination with the seven stages of action model and UX evaluation methodology. ANEMONE has been applied in a case where a prototype has been evaluated. The prototype was a workstation in assembly in manufacturing consisting of a collaborative robot, a pallet, a tablet, and a workbench, where one operator is working in the same physical space as one robot. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance on how to use ANEMONE, with a particular focus on the data analysis part, through describing a real example together with lessons learned and recommendations.
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| 3. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Conveying Emotions by Touch to the Nao Robot : A User Experience Perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Multimodal Technologies and Interaction. - : MDPI. - 2414-4088. ; 2:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social robots are expected gradually to be used by more and more people in a widerrange of settings, domestic as well as professional. As a consequence, the features and qualityrequirements on human–robot interaction will increase, comprising possibilities to communicateemotions, establishing a positive user experience, e.g., using touch. In this paper, the focus is ondepicting how humans, as the users of robots, experience tactile emotional communication with theNao Robot, as well as identifying aspects affecting the experience and touch behavior. A qualitativeinvestigation was conducted as part of a larger experiment. The major findings consist of 15 differentaspects that vary along one or more dimensions and how those influence the four dimensions ofuser experience that are present in the study, as well as the different parts of touch behavior ofconveying emotions.
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| 4. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Framework of Human-Robot Interaction Strategies from an Operator 5.0 Perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXVI. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : IOS Press. - 9781643684666 - 9781643684673 ; , s. 81-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The industrial transition to Industrie 4.0 and subsequently Industrie 5.0 requires robots to be able to share physical and social space with humans in such a way that interaction and coexistence are positively experienced by the humans and where it is possible for the human and the robot to mutually perceive, interpret and act on each other's actions and intentions. To achieve this, strategies for humanrobot interaction are needed that are adapted to operators’ needs and characteristics in an industrial context, i.e., Operator 5.0. This paper presents a research design for the development of a framework for human-robot interaction strategies based on ANEMONE, which is an evaluation framework based on activity theory, the seven stages of action model, and user experience (UX) evaluation methodology. At two companies, ANEMONE is applied in two concrete use cases, collaborative kitting and mobile robot platforms for chemical laboratory assignments. The proposed research approach consists of 1) evaluations of existing demonstrators, 2) development of preliminary strategies that are implemented, 3) re-evaluations and 4) cross-analysis of results to produce an interaction strategy framework. The theoretically and empirically underpinned framework-to-be is expected to, in the long run, contribute to a sustainable work environment for Operator 5.0.
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| 5. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
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User Experience in Social Human-Robot Interaction
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence (IJACI). - : I G I Global. - 1941-6237 .- 1941-6245. ; 8:2, s. 12-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Socially interactive robots are expected to have an increasing importance in human society. For social robots to provide long-term added value to people’s lives, it is of major importance to stressthe need for positive user experience (UX) of such robots. The human-centered view emphasizes various aspects that emerge in the interaction between humans and robots. However, a positive UX does not appear by itself but has to be designed for and evaluated systematically. In this paper, the focus is on the role and relevance of UX in human-robot interaction (HRI) and four trends concerning the role and relevance of UX related to socially interactive robots are identified, and three challenges related to its evaluation are also presented. It is argued that current research efforts and directions are not sufficient in HRI research, and that future research needs to further address interdisciplinary research in order to achieve long-term success of socially interactive robots.
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| 6. |
- Alenljung, Zacharias, et al.
(författare)
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User Experience in Augmented Reality : A Holistic Evaluation of a Prototype for Assembly Instructions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Design, User Experience, and Usability: Design for Contemporary Technological Environments. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030782269 - 9783030782276 ; , s. 139-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industries are under development with new upcoming tools that will further streamline the work of operators, not least in assembly. Assembly instructions are usually visualized by traditional paper or databases. A new way of showing instruction is provided by augmented reality (AR). The focus of this paper is the user experience (UX) of AR-based instructions for assembly. In order to study the UX in AR, an evaluation matrix and an AR prototype has been developed and evaluated in a UX test, where data regarding both hedonic and pragmatic qualities was collected. The UX test yielded a result of three out of nine sub-goals completed while six did not. There was a general low degree of cognitive load while assembling but not low enough. However, there are promising results for AR-based instructions, though the technology still needs improvement and more testing is also necessary. The assembly scenario for this study was somewhat simple and could be one reason why this study generated ambiguous results.
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| 7. |
- Andreasson, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Cognition in Manufacturing : Collaborative Assembly Work
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXX. - : IOS Press. - 9781614996675 - 9781614996682 ; , s. 243-248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive science is becoming increasingly central within humanfactors and ergonomics (HF&E) and there has long been a call for a more systemicperspective in the area with a somewhat broader unit of analysis. This paperpresents a case study applying the theoretical framework of distributed cognition(DCog), which shows how DCog would offer a more complete understanding ofmanufacturing within its greater context, including the social, cultural, andmaterial surroundings. This paper aims to characterize and analyse dock assemblyof forest machines as a complex socio-technical system from a DCog perspective;focusing on the creation of enacted landscapes in this particular setting. The paperalso exemplifies benefits of using the DCog framework in the manufacturingdomain as a way of grasping the assembly workers’ tacit competence and skills.
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| 8. |
- Andreasson, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Interruptions in the wild : portraying the handling of interruptions in manufacturing from a distributed cognition lens
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cognition, Technology & Work. - : Springer. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 19:1, s. 85-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study examining interruptionsin the wild by portraying the handling of interruptionsin manufacturing from a distributed cognitionlens. By studying how interruptions occur and are handledin the daily activities of a work team at a large foundry forcasting heavy diesel engines, we highlight situations whenthe propagation, transformation, and representation ofinformation are not supported by prescribed work processesand propose recommendations for how this can beamended. The study was conducted by several visits to theaforementioned factory with cognitive ethnography as thebasis for the data collection. The focus was on identifyinginterruptions and analysing these through a distributedcognition framework as an initial step towards studyinginterruptions in a manufacturing environment. The keyfindings include the identification of three, previouslyundefined, types of interruptions and the conclusion thatinterruptions do indeed affect the distributed workload ofthe socio-technical system and thus the overall productionperformance at the casting line.
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| 9. |
- Andreasson, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Past and Future Challenges for Railway Research and the Role of a Systems Perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018). - Cham : Springer. - 9783319960708 - 9783319960715 ; , s. 1737-1746
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Operational train traffic is dependent on an efficient traffic plan monitored and executed by the traffic controllers, the proficient maneuvering of the trains by the train drivers, and on the interaction, communication, and coordination between these two work roles. The railway research community, and the branch of industry itself, has called for an integrated systems perspective for the whole train traffic system to achieve an efficient performance. As human-human and human-technology interactions are natural parts of the socio-technical system of train traffic, the aim of this paper is to provide illustrative examples for why a systems perspective is needed for the future of railway research. Furthermore, we present the theoretical framework of distributed cognition (DCog) as a necessary addition to the theoretical and methodological toolbox of the Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF&E) discipline. To realize efficient and coordinated processes involved in organizing and executing operational train traffic, the paper proposes that the DCog framework should be implemented in the train traffic domain as a viable approach forward.
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| 10. |
- Andreasson, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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The coordination between train traffic controllers and train drivers : a distributed cognition perspective on railway
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cognition, Technology & Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 21:3, s. 417-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there has long been a call for a holistic systems perspective to better understand real work in the complex domain of railway traffic, prior research has not strongly emphasised the socio-technical perspective. In operational railway traffic, the successful planning and execution of the traffic are the product of the socio-technical system comprised by both train drivers and traffic controllers. This paper presents a study inspired by cognitive ethnography with the aim to characterise the coordinating activities that are conducted by train traffic controllers and train drivers in the work practices of the socio-technical system of Swedish railway. The theoretical framework of distributed cognition (DCog) is used as a conceptual and analytical tool to make sense of the complex railway domain and the best practices as they are developed and performed “in the wild”. The analysis reveals a pattern of collaboration and coordination of actions among the workers and we introduce the concept of enacted actionable practices as a key concern for understanding how a successfully executed railway traffic emerges as a property of the socio-technical system. The implications for future railway research are briefly discussed.
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| 11. |
- Andreasson, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Tool use and collaborative work of dock assembly in practice
- 2017
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Ingår i: Production & Manufacturing Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2169-3277. ; 5:1, s. 164-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to deepen the understanding of the intrinsic interactions andinterplay between humans, tools, and environment from a systemsperspective, research in the wild (RITW) approaches have gainedtraction during recent decades as they provide a higher ecologicalvalidity of findings. This paper presents a RITW study, investigatinghow assembly, in this case dock assembly of forwarders, was donein practice. As our theoretical foundation, we used the framework ofdistributed cognition, which is one of the main pillars of RITW. Thefindings are presented in narrative form, describing and highlightingthat the workers achieve an efficient production outcome by beingintegral parts of the whole production process and doing so throughcoordination of activities benefitting the shared goal of the distributedsocio-technical system.
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| 12. |
- Andreasson, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an increased degree of usability work in organizations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. - 9781495160424 ; 3, s. 5739-5746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely recognized that there is a substantial gap between usability research and practice where UCD approaches are rarelyapplied in practice due to arguments regarding the intricate nature of its methods and techniques. This paper presents an actionresearch study designed to investigate and analyze the potentials for an increased degree of UCD activities in the earlydevelopment phases of advanced information systems technology. The results demonstrate that there is a large interest inusability but that organizational priority and competence is often lacking. Instead one relies heavily on questionable conceptssuch as „trained professionals‟ to excuse the low effort towards usability. Based on the results, six recommendations forimproved usability work in R&D organizations are presented, focusing on the importance of prioritization of, and education inusability work.
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| 13. |
- Billing, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Expectations of robot technology in welfare
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report findings from a survey on expectations of robot technology in welfare, within the coming 20 years. 34 assistant nurses answered a questionnaire on which tasks, from their daily work, that they believe robots can perform, already today or in the near future. Additionally, the Negative attitudes toward robots scale (NARS) was used to estimate participants' attitudes towards robots in general. Results reveal high expectations of robots, where at least half of the participants answered Already today or Within 10 years to 9 out of 10 investigated tasks. Participants were also fairly positive towards robots, reporting low scores on NARS. The obtained results can be interpreted as a serious over-estimation of what robots will be able to do in the near future, but also large varieties in participants' interpretation of what robots are. We identify challenges in communicating both excitement towards a technology in rapid development and realistic limitations of this technology.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Cort, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Sensing the breakdown : Managing complexity at the railway
- 2024
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Ingår i: Culture and Organization. - : Routledge. - 1475-9551 .- 1477-2760. ; 30:2, s. 179-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the complex and time-critical work practices within operational train traffic in Sweden by reporting on an incident causing an infrastructure breakdown and large traffic disruptions. Based on a workplace study approach, we report on how the control room workers – train traffic controllers and information officers – grasp, make sense of, and handle the consequences of the incident as it unfolds in realtime. We portray how the workers develop and acquire a sense of place in relation to the incident’s severity which is essential for successfully handling the situation. By introducing the ‘sense of place’ concept originally derived from the field of natural resources to the domain of operational train traffic, we provide a deepened understanding of the challenges characterising remote control work from a safety-critical socio-technical systems perspective. Finally, reflections on the application of the ‘sense of place’ concept, safety aspects and directions for future research are provided.
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| 16. |
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DAL-21 Det akademiska lärarskapet : Konferensbidrag
- 2021
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denna skrift innehåller de bidrag som presenterades vid den första DAL-konferensen vid Högskolan i Skövde våren 2021, kallad DAL21. Akronymen DAL står för det akademiska lärarskapet. Bidragen kommer från kollegor vid institutionerna och verksamhetsstödet, pro-rektor och pro-dekan, studentkåren samt två inbjudna talare. Syftet med DAL21 var att främja och stimulera det gemensamma mötet och samtalet om undervisning och undervisningsrelaterade frågor samt sprida de olika former av pedagogiskt och kvalitetsdrivande utvecklingsarbete vilka sker inom ramen för utbildning vid lärosätet.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Holm, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Real-World Industrial Demonstrators on Human–Robot Collaborative Assembly
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Advanced Human-Robot Collaboration in Manufacturing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030691776 - 9783030691806 - 9783030691783 ; , s. 413-438
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of human–robot collaboration (HRC) is expected to have increasing importance in Industry 4.0 for a growing number of companies. The purpose of this chapter is to address the role and relevance of jointly designed, developed and implemented industrial demonstrators of HRC systems in projects, resulting in an increased knowledge—both for academia and industrial partners—of how to successfully present the obtained research results in an industrial environment. In particular, the chapter focuses on the role of demonstrators and presents three perspectives related to the use of demonstrators in bridging the gap between current knowledge and the work practice on the shop floor. One perspective is the joint process of developing three industrial demonstrators of HRC within the SYMBIO-TIC project, in order to provide the envisioned benefits for the addressed industrial requirements from the companies. Another perspective is how to evaluate the intended operators’ perceptions and experiences of these HRC systems from a human’s perspective as well as presenting the results obtained from such an evaluation. The last perspective is the voices raised from the industrial project partners’ views about jointly building industrial demonstrators as well as the benefits of participating in the research project. The chapter ends with conclusions, an identified research challenge and future work. It also addresses the societal impact of using collaborative robots in industry, and their contributions to society.
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| 19. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of Collaboration Levels for Human-Robot Cooperation in Manufacturing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Manufacturing Technology XXXII. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781614999010 - 9781614999027 ; , s. 151-156
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 4.0 aims to support the factory of the future, which involves increased amounts of information systems and new ways of using automation. One new usage is collaboration between human and industrial robot in manufacturing, with both partners sharing work on a single task. Supporting human-robot collaboration (HRC) requires understanding the requirements of HRC as well as the differences to existing approaches where the goal is more automation, such as in the case of self-driving cars. We propose a framework that we call levels of collaboration to support this, and posit that this framework supports a mental model conducive to the design of lines incorporating HRC.
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| 20. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinating the interruption of assembly workers in manufacturing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 58, s. 361-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how interruptions from information and communications technology systems affect errors and the time to complete tasks for assembly workers. Interruptions have previously been examined in laboratory experiments and office environments, but not much work has been performed in other authentic environments. This paper contains the results of an experiment that was performed in a simulated manufacturing assembly environment, which tested the effects of interruptions on a manual assembly task. The experiment used existing interruption coordination methods as a basis, and the results showed a difference in the effect of interruptions and interruption coordination between cognitively complex laboratory tasks and manual assembly tasks in an authentic environment. Most notably, the negative effects of interruptions delivered without consideration were smaller in this experiment. Based on these findings, recommendations were developed for designing interruption systems for minimizing the costs (errors and time) imposed by interruptions during assembly tasks in manufacturing.
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| 21. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Data-Driven Personas : Expanding DHM for a Holistic Approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030797621 - 9783030797638 ; , s. 296-303
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we detail research and development of data-driven personas in the IPS-IMMA digital human modelling system. Semi-automatically generating personas for working with user experience (UX) aspects of the Operator 4.0 side of Industry 4.0 is suggested as a viable approach for contributing to operator well-being and diversity by supporting workstation designers to take these factors into account early in the workstation design process. These data-driven personas are being developed to be generated using anthropometric data from the manikin family generation module of IPS-IMMA. Specific design suggestions are presented, what should be taken into account and how that will be implemented, and the current state of development of the data-driven personas module is discussed. Prototypes are planned under the coming year.
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| 22. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Employing UX Processes for More Focused Development in Research Projects
- 2020
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Ingår i: DHM2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681047 - 9781643681054 ; , s. 288-298
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to highlight some benefits of incorporating usability/user experience (UX) approaches in the software development process of research projects advancing digital human modeling (DHM), and how these processes, approaches, and methods can help keeping the development process more focused and efficient. Research projects that contain large software development components may receive funding only to complete the core tasks, and including additional persons in a project may seem like a waste of resources. This paper introduces user research that relied on a UX approach called contextual inquiry to ascertain user goals and how those might be translated into features for DHM named IMMA that has been developed as a part of numerous research projects in the last decade. The goal of the study is to support DHM development in general through highlighting methods and approaches that can be used, with specific results aimed to support the continued development of IMMA. Results clearly show that existing functions do not support the goals of the user group examined, and highlights the need of understanding user goals and creating functions to support achieving those goals, rather than assuming what functionalities might be needed. By understanding user goals, interpreting those into activities and functionalities time and resources can be used more effectively, which is important for small to medium research projects, where both time and budget may be limited.
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| 23. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Foundation for a classification of collaboration levels for human-robot cooperation in manufacturing
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Production & Manufacturing Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2169-3277. ; 7:1, s. 448-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 4.0 aims to support the factory of the future, involving increased use of information systems and new ways of using automation, such as collaboration where a robot and a human share work on a single task. We propose a classification of collaboration levels for Human-Robot collaboration (HRC) in manufacturing that we call levels of collaboration (LoC), formed to provide a conceptual model conducive to the design of assembly lines incorporating HRC. This paper aims to provide a more theoretical foundation for such a tool based on relevant theories from cognitive science and other perspectives of human-technology interaction, strengthening the validity and scientific rigour of the envisioned LoC tool. The main contributions consist of a theoretical grounding to motivate the transition from automation to collaboration, which are intended to facilitate expanding the LoC classification to support HRC, as well as an initial visualization of the LoC approach. Future work includes fully defining the LoC classification as well as operationalizing functionally different cooperation types. We conclude that collaboration is a means to an end, so collaboration is not entered for its own sake, and that collaboration differs fundamentally from more commonly used views where automation is the focus.
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| 24. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Mind the body : How embodied cognition matters in manufacturing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; 3, s. 5184-5191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embodied cognition can provide human factors and applied ergonomics practitioners with better embodied cognition design principles. This paper investigates and analyzes observational video-recorded data from an experiment that simulated a manufacturing environment. The operator was interrupted during a primary assembly task via a handheld computing device which delivered different classes of notifications. The focus is on the embodied aspect of notifications in an active environment, and why one class of notifications called mediated notifications failed at a specific point previously thought to be suitable. Guidelines for analyzing tasks from an embodied cognition perspective that complements and expands traditional human factors and applied ergonomics approaches were developed and are included.
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| 25. |
- Kolbeinsson, Ari, et al.
(författare)
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Missing mediated interruptions in manual assembly : Critical aspects of breakpoint selection
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 61, s. 90-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The factory of the future aims to make manufacturing more effective and easily customisable, using advanced sensors and communications to support information management. In this paper, we examine how breakpoint selection during interruption management can fail, even when using recommendations for interruption management from existing research. We present an experiment based on prior work where mediated interruptions (i.e. smart interruptions that should interrupt at opportune moments) were missed by participants when sent at one of two pre-defined breakpoints. These breakpoints were selected based on existing research to minimise the cost of interruption, which can involve longer times to complete tasks as well as making errors on tasks. Missing mediated interruptions in this way was unexpected, and the prior study was not configured to measure this effect, which has led to the experiment detailed here. We strive to explore whether there is a risk of missing notifications when mediated interruptions are used, and how this is affected by breakpoint selection. This was investigated through an experiment that uses tasks and environments that simulate a manufacturing assembly facility.The results indicate that the effect exists, i.e. that participants miss significantly more notifications when interrupted at fine breakpoints than when interrupted at coarse breakpoints. An embodied cognition perspective was used for analysis of the tasks to understand the cause of the effect. This analysis shows that an overlap between “action” and “anticipation of action” can account for why participants miss notifications at fine breakpoints. Based on these findings, recommendations were developed for designing interruption systems that minimise the costs (errors and time) imposed by interruptions during assembly tasks in manufacturing.
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