| 1. |
- Cajander, Sara, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Profiling the dysregulated immune response in sepsis : overcoming challenges to achieve the goal of precision medicine
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 2213-2600 .- 2213-2619. ; 12:4, s. 305-322
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sepsis is characterised by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Despite recognition of its significance, immune status monitoring is not implemented in clinical practice due in part to the current absence of direct therapeutic implications. Technological advances in immunological profiling could enhance our understanding of immune dysregulation and facilitate integration into clinical practice. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current state of immune profiling in sepsis, including its use, current challenges, and opportunities for progress. We highlight the important role of immunological biomarkers in facilitating predictive enrichment in current and future treatment scenarios. We propose that multiple immune and non-immune-related parameters, including clinical and microbiological data, be integrated into diagnostic and predictive combitypes, with the aid of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques. These combitypes could form the basis of workable algorithms to guide clinical decisions that make precision medicine in sepsis a reality and improve patient outcomes.
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| 2. |
- Khadir, Samira, et al.
(författare)
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Full optical characterization of single nanoparticles using quantitative phase imaging
- 2020
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Ingår i: Optica. - 2334-2536. ; 7:3, s. 243-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a procedure aimed to quantitatively measure the optical properties of nanoparticles, namely the complex polarizability and the extinction, scattering, and absorption cross sections, simultaneously. The method is based on the processing of intensity and wavefront images of a light beam illuminating the nanoparticle of interest. Intensity and wavefront measurements are carried out using quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry, a quantitative phase imaging technique with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. The method does not require any preknowledge on the particle and involves a single interferogram image acquisition. The full determination of the actual optical properties of nanoparticles is of particular interest in plasmonics and nanophotonics for the active search and characterization of new materials, e.g., aimed to replace noble metals in future applications of nanoplasmonics with less-lossy or refractory materials.
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| 3. |
- Khadir, Samira, et al.
(författare)
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Metasurface Optical Characterization Using Quadriwave Lateral Shearing Interferometry
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2330-4022. ; 8:2, s. 603-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optical metasurface consists of a dense and usually nonuniform layer of scattering nanostructures behaving as a continuous and extremely thin optical component with predefined phase, transmission and reflection profiles. To date, various sorts of metasurfaces (metallic, dielectric, Huygens-like, Pancharatman-Berry, etc.) have been introduced to design ultrathin lenses, beam deflectors, holograms, or polarizing interfaces. Their actual efficiencies depend on the ability to predict their optical properties and to fabricate nonuniform assemblies of billions of nanoscale structures on macroscopic surfaces. To further help improve the design of metasurfaces, precise and versatile postcharacterization techniques need to be developed. Today, most of the techniques used to characterize metasurfaces rely on light intensity measurements. Here, we demonstrate how quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QLSI), a quantitative phase microscopy technique, can achieve full optical characterization of metasurfaces of any kind, as it can probe the local phase imparted by a metasurface with high sensitivity and a spatial resolution that reaches the diffraction limit. As a means to illustrate the versatility of this technique, we present measurements on two types of metasurfaces, namely, Pancharatnam-Berry and effective-refractive-index metasurfaces, and present results on uniform metasurfaces, metalenses, and deflectors.
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| 4. |
- Manry, Jérémy, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 119:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection fatality rate (IFR) doubles with every 5 y of age from childhood onward. Circulating autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α, IFN-ω, and/or IFN-β are found in ∼20% of deceased patients across age groups, and in ∼1% of individuals aged <70 y and in >4% of those >70 y old in the general population. With a sample of 1,261 unvaccinated deceased patients and 34,159 individuals of the general population sampled before the pandemic, we estimated both IFR and relative risk of death (RRD) across age groups for individuals carrying autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs, relative to noncarriers. The RRD associated with any combination of autoantibodies was higher in subjects under 70 y old. For autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α2 or IFN-ω, the RRDs were 17.0 (95% CI: 11.7 to 24.7) and 5.8 (4.5 to 7.4) for individuals <70 y and ≥70 y old, respectively, whereas, for autoantibodies neutralizing both molecules, the RRDs were 188.3 (44.8 to 774.4) and 7.2 (5.0 to 10.3), respectively. In contrast, IFRs increased with age, ranging from 0.17% (0.12 to 0.31) for individuals <40 y old to 26.7% (20.3 to 35.2) for those ≥80 y old for autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α2 or IFN-ω, and from 0.84% (0.31 to 8.28) to 40.5% (27.82 to 61.20) for autoantibodies neutralizing both. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs increase IFRs, and are associated with high RRDs, especially when neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω. Remarkably, IFRs increase with age, whereas RRDs decrease with age. Autoimmunity to type I IFNs is a strong and common predictor of COVID-19 death.
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| 5. |
- Osuchowski, Marcin F., et al.
(författare)
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The COVID-19 puzzle : deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 2213-2600 .- 2213-2619. ; 9:6, s. 622-642
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, with devastating consequences. While the medical community has gained insight into the epidemiology of COVID-19, important questions remain about the clinical complexities and underlying mechanisms of disease phenotypes. Severe COVID-19 most commonly involves respiratory manifestations, although other systems are also affected, and acute disease is often followed by protracted complications. Such complex manifestations suggest that SARS-CoV-2 dysregulates the host response, triggering wide-ranging immuno-inflammatory, thrombotic, and parenchymal derangements. We review the intricacies of COVID-19 pathophysiology, its various phenotypes, and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 host response at the humoral and cellular levels. Some similarities exist between COVID-19 and respiratory failure of other origins, but evidence for many distinctive mechanistic features indicates that COVID-19 constitutes a new disease entity, with emerging data suggesting involvement of an endotheliopathy-centred pathophysiology. Further research, combining basic and clinical studies, is needed to advance understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and to characterise immuno-inflammatory derangements across the range of phenotypes to enable optimum care for patients with COVID-19.
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