| 1. |
- Fortner, Renee T., et al.
(författare)
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Ovarian Cancer Risk Factor Associations by Primary Anatomic Site : The Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 29:10, s. 2010-2018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers have shared developmental pathways. Few studies have prospectively examined heterogeneity in risk factor associations across these three anatomic sites.Methods: We identified 3,738 ovarian, 337 peritoneal, and 176 fallopian tube incident cancer cases in 891,731 women from 15 prospective cohorts in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium. Associations between 18 putative risk factors and risk of ovarian, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer, overall and for serous and high-grade serous tumors, were evaluated using competing risks Cox proportional hazards regression. Heterogeneity was assessed by likelihood ratio tests.Results: Most associations did not vary by tumor site (P-het = 0.05). Associations between first pregnancy (P-het = 0.04), tubal ligation (P-het = 0.01), and early-adult (age 18-21 years) body mass index (BMI; P-het = 0.02) and risk differed between ovarian and peritoneal cancers. The association between early-adult BMI and risk further differed between peritoneal and fallopian tube cancer (P-het = 0.03). First pregnancy and tubal ligation were inversely associated with ovarian, but not peritoneal, cancer. Higher early-adult BMI was associated with higher risk of peritoneal, but not ovarian or fallopian tube, cancer. Patterns were generally similar when restricted to serous and high-grade serous cases.Conclusions: Ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers appear to have both shared and distinct etiologic pathways, although most risk factors appear to have similar associations by anatomic site.Impact: Further studies on the mechanisms underlying the differences in risk profiles may provide insights regarding the developmental origins of tumors arising in the peritoneal cavity and inform prevention efforts.
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| 2. |
- Fortner, Renée T., et al.
(författare)
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Ovarian cancer risk factors by tumor aggressiveness : An analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 145:1, s. 58-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer risk factors differ by histotype; however, within subtype, there is substantial variability in outcomes. We hypothesized that risk factor profiles may influence tumor aggressiveness, defined by time between diagnosis and death, independent of histology. Among 1.3 million women from 21 prospective cohorts, 4,584 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers were identified and classified as highly aggressive (death in <1 year, n = 864), very aggressive (death in 1 to < 3 years, n = 1,390), moderately aggressive (death in 3 to < 5 years, n = 639), and less aggressive (lived 5+ years, n = 1,691). Using competing risks Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed heterogeneity of associations by tumor aggressiveness for all cases and among serous and endometrioid/clear cell tumors. Associations between parity (phet = 0.01), family history of ovarian cancer (phet = 0.02), body mass index (BMI; phet ≤ 0.04) and smoking (phet < 0.01) and ovarian cancer risk differed by aggressiveness. A first/single pregnancy, relative to nulliparity, was inversely associated with highly aggressive disease (HR: 0.72; 95% CI [0.58-0.88]), no association was observed for subsequent pregnancies (per pregnancy, 0.97 [0.92-1.02]). In contrast, first and subsequent pregnancies were similarly associated with less aggressive disease (0.87 for both). Family history of ovarian cancer was only associated with risk of less aggressive disease (1.94 [1.47-2.55]). High BMI (≥35 vs. 20 to < 25 kg/m2 , 1.93 [1.46-2.56] and current smoking (vs. never, 1.30 [1.07-1.57]) were associated with increased risk of highly aggressive disease. Results were similar within histotypes. Ovarian cancer risk factors may be directly associated with subtypes defined by tumor aggressiveness, rather than through differential effects on histology. Studies to assess biological pathways are warranted.
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| 3. |
- Huang, Tianyi, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Risk of Ovarian Cancer by Tumor Dominance : Results from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 29:1, s. 200-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Laterality of epithelial ovarian tumors may reflect the underlying carcinogenic pathways and origins of tumor cells.Methods: We pooled data from 9 prospective studies participating in the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium. Information on measures of tumor size or tumor dominance was extracted from surgical pathology reports or obtained through cancer registries. We defined dominant tumors as those restricted to one ovary or where the dimension of one ovary was at least twice as large as the other, and nondominant tumors as those with similar dimensions across the two ovaries or peritoneal tumors. Competing risks Cox models were used to examine whether associations with reproductive and hormonal risk factors differed by ovarian tumor dominance.Results: Of 1,058 ovarian cancer cases with tumor dominance information, 401 were left-dominant, 363 were right-dominant, and 294 were nondominant. Parity was more strongly inversely associated with risk of dominant than nondominant ovarian cancer (P-heterogeneity = 0.004). Ever use of oral contraceptives (OC) was associated with lower risk of dominant tumors, but was not associated with nondominant tumors (Pheterogeneity = 0.01). Higher body mass index was associated with higher risk of left-dominant tumors, but not significantly associated with risk of right-dominant or nondominant tumors (P-heterogeneity = 0.08).Conclusions: These data suggest that reproductive and hormonal risk factors appear to have a stronger impact on dominant tumors, which may have an ovarian or endometriosis origin.Impact: Examining the associations of ovarian cancer risk factors by tumor dominance may help elucidate the mechanisms through which these factors influence ovarian cancer risk.
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| 4. |
- Huyghe, Jeroen R., et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of common and rare genetic risk variants for colorectal cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:1, s. 76-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To further dissect the genetic architecture of colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed whole-genome sequencing of 1,439 cases and 720 controls, imputed discovered sequence variants and Haplotype Reference Consortium panel variants into genome-wide association study data, and tested for association in 34,869 cases and 29,051 controls. Findings were followed up in an additional 23,262 cases and 38,296 controls. We discovered a strongly protective 0.3% frequency variant signal at CHD1. In a combined meta-analysis of 125,478 individuals, we identified 40 new independent signals at P < 5 x 10(-8), bringing the number of known independent signals for CRC to similar to 100. New signals implicate lower-frequency variants, Kruppel-like factors, Hedgehog signaling, Hippo-YAP signaling, long noncoding RNAs and somatic drivers, and support a role for immune function. Heritability analyses suggest that CRC risk is highly polygenic, and larger, more comprehensive studies enabling rare variant analysis will improve understanding of biology underlying this risk and influence personalized screening strategies and drug development.
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| 5. |
- Launois, Pascale, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure polymerized C60 single crystals: First x-ray diffraction results
- 1998
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Ingår i: Molecular Nanostructures. - Singapore : World Scientific. - 9789810232610 ; , s. 348-352
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- C60 single crystals compressed at approx. 1 GPa and heated at about 300 C are found to polymerize in one dimension without losing their crystalline order. The resulting structure is orthrhombic, with space group Pmnn and parameters a=9.14 Å, b=9.9 Å and c=14.66 Å. The X-ray single crystal results allow us to derive a polymerization mechanism, which may also, for instance, apply to one dimensional C60 polymers in the doped compounds. The new polymer phase is discussed with respect to the C60 pressure-temperature diagram. The comparison with the A1C60 polymers raises questions about the interchain and the alkali metal - fullerene interactins.
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| 6. |
- Moret, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Chain orientation and layer stacking in the high-pressure polymers of C60: Single crystal studies
- 2000
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Ingår i: Electronic Properties of Novel Materials: Science and Technology of Molecular nanostructures. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1563969734 ; , s. 81-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-pressure polymerisation of C^o leads to a variety of new crystalline or amorphous phases which display interesting physical properties. We have prepared onedimensional (ID, C6o chains) and two-dimensional (2D, C60 layers) polymers from C6o single crystals. The resulting multi-domain crystals have been studied using x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The relative orientations of the chains in the "low-pressure" ID orthorhombic polymer had been characterized previously [1]. We have now determined the specific stacking of the Ceo layers in the 2D tetragonal and rhombohedral polymers. Using these results we analyze the relations between the different polymers and the intermolecular environments which may play a role in stabilizing the observed polymer structures.
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| 7. |
- Moret, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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First X-ray diffraction analysis of pressure polymerized C60 single crystals
- 1997
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 40:1, s. 55-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is shown that C60 single crystals can be polymerized under relatively modest pressure-temperature conditions. The resulting single crystals exhibit long-range order and they are made up of 12 orientation variants. The structure is orthorhombic with a short intermolecular distance along the chains (9.14 Å), characteristic of covalent bonding. We propose a structural mechanism for the polymerization of fullerene-based compounds; it involves a shift of one of the (111) cubic planes together with a shortening of the (111) spacing. The configuration of the polymer chains presents interesting relations with that found in the A1C60 polymer compounds.
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| 8. |
- Moret, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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High-pressure synthesis, structural and Raman studies of a two-dimensional polymer crystal of C60.
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal B. - : Springer. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 15:2, s. 253-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional polymerisation of a C60 single crystal has been obtained under high-pressure high temperature conditions (700 K - 2 GPa). Crystalline order is preserved but the crystal splits into variants (orientational domains). The analysis of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy data reveals that the polymer crystal is primarily tetragonal with some admixture of rhombohedral phase. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy gives evidence for additional C60-C60 dimers, which are probably disordered. For the tetragonal phase, it is shown that successive polymer layers are rotated by about the stacking axis, according to the P42/mmc space group symmetry. The structure of the rhombohedral phase is also clarified. The role of the interlayer interactions in stabilising the two-dimensional polymer phases of C60 is discussed.
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| 9. |
- Moret, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the pressure-temperature treatment on the polymerization of C60 single crystals at 2 GPa - 700 K
- 2005
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223. ; 43:4, s. 709-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy have been used to characterize the structures obtained when C-60 single crystals are treated at 2GPa-700K. Two different experimental procedures have been applied: the temperature is raised before the pressure is applied, or the opposite. The "heating-then-pressing" path leads to the tetragonal polymer structure (P4(2)/mmc) together with a minor fraction of rhombohedral structure, which confirms previous results. In contrast, the "pressing-then-heating" path leads to a different state presenting similarities with both the rhombohedral and the disordered dimer structures. The results are discussed in light of the orientational and dynamical aspects of the C60 polymerization.
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| 10. |
- Moret, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Single-crystal structural study of the pressure-temperature induced dimerization of C60
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Physics Journal B. - Berlin : Springer. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 37:1, s. 25-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a study by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction/diffuse scattering of C60 single-crystals treated at high-pressure and high-temperature. This allowed us to obtain structural information on the C60 dimer state which can be considered as an intermediate state in the polymerization process. In the 1-6 GPa pressure range the crystals are primarily formed of dimers with additional minor fractions of monomers, 1D and 2D polymers, as shown by the analysis of the Raman spectra. The dimers are disordered within an average cubic lattice derived from that of the monomer. Single-crystal diffraction patterns reveal a characteristic diffuse scattering intensity distribution which has been simulated by calculating the diffuse scattering produced by dimer and trimer model structures. Satisfactory agreement is obtained for random positional and orientational disorder of the C60-C60 dimers although a small concentration of similarly disordered trimers is likely. In a first approximation the dimer/trimer disorder can be considered as random but various inter-dimer correlations are probably present, as discussed.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Murphy, Neil, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Associate With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Based on Serologic and Mendelian Randomization Analyses
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 158:5, s. 1300-1312.e20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Human studies examining associations between circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and colorectal cancer risk have reported inconsistent results. We conducted complementary serologic and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to determine whether alterations in circulating levels of IGF1 or IGFBP3 are associated with colorectal cancer development.Methods: Serum levels of IGF1 were measured in blood samples collected from 397,380 participants from the UK Biobank, from 2006 through 2010. Incident cancer cases and cancer cases recorded first in death certificates were identified through linkage to national cancer and death registries. Complete follow-up was available through March 31, 2016. For the MR analyses, we identified genetic variants associated with circulating levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3. The association of these genetic variants with colorectal cancer was examined with 2-sample MR methods using genome-wide association study consortia data (52,865 cases with colorectal cancer and 46,287 individuals without [controls])Results: After a median follow-up period of 7.1 years, 2665 cases of colorectal cancer were recorded. In a multivariable-adjusted model, circulating level of IGF1 associated with colorectal cancer risk (hazard ratio per 1 standard deviation increment of IGF1, 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.17). Similar associations were found by sex, follow-up time, and tumor subsite. In the MR analyses, a 1 standard deviation increment in IGF1 level, predicted based on genetic factors, was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer risk (odds ratio 1.08; 95% CI 1.03–1.12; P = 3.3 × 10–4). Level of IGFBP3, predicted based on genetic factors, was associated with colorectal cancer risk (odds ratio per 1 standard deviation increment, 1.12; 95% CI 1.06–1.18; P = 4.2 × 10–5). Colorectal cancer risk was associated with only 1 variant in the IGFBP3 gene region (rs11977526), which also associated with anthropometric traits and circulating level of IGF2.Conclusions: In an analysis of blood samples from almost 400,000 participants in the UK Biobank, we found an association between circulating level of IGF1 and colorectal cancer. Using genetic data from 52,865 cases with colorectal cancer and 46,287 controls, a higher level of IGF1, determined by genetic factors, was associated with colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to determine how this signaling pathway might contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.
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| 13. |
- Sundqvist, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Physical properties of pressure polymerized C60
- 1996
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Ingår i: Fullerenes: Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials, volume 3. - Pennington, NJ : The Electrochemical Society. - 1566771625 ; , s. 1014-1028
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present in this paper an overview of the physical properties of the high pressure polymerized C60 phase commonly known as "soft fcc". This phase has been studied by several methods over wide ranges in temperature T and/or pressure, p. We present here experimental information about the specific heat capacity, the thermal expansion coefficient, the lattice structure, and the thermal conductivity, and we also show results obtained by NMR and Raman spectroscopy. All data presented agree with the accepted model that the individual molecules in this phase are covalently bound to form linear molecular chains. In particular, the NMR data show clearly the presence of covalent bonds, and the Raman data exhibit several new lines at very low energies connected with chain vibrations. Thermal conductivity data obtained during polymerization show both the time dependence of the process and that polymerization occurs at lower p and T than observed previously for this phase.
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| 14. |
- Sundqvist, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Polymerization of C60 under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions
- 1997
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Ingår i: Fullerenes: Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials, vol. 5. - Pennington, NJ : The Electrochemical Society. - 1566771927 ; , s. 439-449
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have submitted both powder and single crystal C60 to pressures in the range 1 - 2 GPa at temperatures between 300 and 900 K in order to study pressure polymerization. Reaction conditions varied, from non-hydrostatic conditions with powder samples in steel capsules treated in solid pressure media, to hydrostatic experiments using silicone oils, N2 or He gas. The reacted samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Depending on experimental conditions, their structures varied from orthorhombic (single crystals) to more or less disordered face centered cubic lattices, and the observed Raman spectra could usually be correlated with the observed structures. The results are used to refine and update the pressure-temperature phase diagram of C60.
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| 15. |
- Sundqvist, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and physical properties of pressure polymerized C60
- 1998
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Ingår i: Carbon, vol. 36 issue 5-6. - : Elsevier B.V.. ; 36:5-6, s. 657-660
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the structural and dynamic properties of C60 polymerized under low-P, low-T conditions, and suggest that the disordered mixed orthorhombic-tetragonal-rhombohedral phases produced under these conditions arise from nucleation of molecular chains in random directions because of the quasi-free molecular rotation under standard reaction conditions in the fcc phase of C60. Polymerization in He gives results qualitatively different from those obtained in other media.
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| 16. |
- Sundqvist, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and stability of pressure polymerized C60
- 2000
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Ingår i: Molecular Materials: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Section C, vol. 13. - : Overseas Publishers Association N.V.. ; 13:1-4, s. 117-122
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the bond energy of the orthorhombic C60 polymer and the structure of the two-dimensional C60 polymers. For the orthorhombic polymer, measurements of the dissociation energy by different methods give results that differ by a factor of two. We show that optical excitations lead to a temporary weakening of the intermolecular bonds and optical measurements thus show a low apparent bond energy. We have also polymerized a single crystal of C60 into two-dimensional phases. X-ray diffraction studies of this crystal have enabled us to determine the stacking sequences of both the tetragonal and the rhombohedral structures.
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| 17. |
- Trabert, Britton, et al.
(författare)
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The Risk of Ovarian Cancer Increases with an Increase in the Lifetime Number of Ovulatory Cycles : An Analysis from the Ovarian Cancer Cohort Consortium (OC3)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 80:5, s. 1210-1218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Repeated exposure to the acute proinflammatory environment that follows ovulation at the ovarian surface and distal fallopian tube over a woman's reproductive years may increase ovarian cancer risk. To address this, analyses included individual-level data from 558,709 naturally menopausal women across 20 prospective cohorts, among whom 3,246 developed invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (2,045 serous, 319 endometrioid, 184 mucinous, 121 clear cell, 577 other/unknown). Cox models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted HRs between lifetime ovulatory cycles (LOC) and its components and ovarian cancer risk overall and by histotype. Women in the 90th percentile of LOC (>514 cycles) were almost twice as likely to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer than women in the 10th percentile (<294) [HR (95% confidence interval): 1.92 (1.60-2.30)]. Risk increased 14% per 5-year increase in LOC (60 cycles) [(1.10-1.17)]; this association remained after adjustment for LOC components: number of pregnancies and oral contraceptive use [1.08 (1.04-1.12)]. The association varied by histotype, with increased risk of serous [1.13 (1.09-1.17)], endometrioid [1.20 (1.10-1.32)], and clear cell [1.37 (1.18-1.58)], but not mucinous [0.99 (0.88-1.10), P-heterogeneity = 0.01] tumors. Heterogeneity across histotypes was reduced [P-heterogeneity = 0.15] with adjustment for LOC components [1.08 serous, 1.11 endometrioid, 1.26 clear cell, 0.94 mucinous]. Although the 10-year absolute risk of ovarian cancer is small, it roughly doubles as the number of LOC rises from approximately 300 to 500. The consistency and linearity of effects strongly support the hypothesis that each ovulation leads to small increases in the risk of most ovarian cancers, a risk that cumulates through life, suggesting this as an important area for identifying intervention strategies.
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| 18. |
- Wågberg, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Study by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of a Dy@C82single crystal
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal B. - NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA : SPRINGER-VERLAG. - 1434-6028 .- 1434-6036. ; 35:3, s. 371-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy study of a single crystal of the rare-earth endohedral fullerene Dy@C-82. The lattice is found to be body-centered cubic (a = 25.79 Angstrom, space group I (4) over bar 3d) which is at variance with previous reports and confirms that several types of structures can be stabilized in Dy@C-82. X-ray diffraction/diffuse scattering methods reveal no low-temperature change down to 12 K for the present structure. The Raman spectroscopy data are comparable to those of other M@C-82 endohedral compounds. However, the Dy oxidation state and the force constant of the low-frequency metal-cage stretching mode do not follow the simple relationship observed before.
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