| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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| 5. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 6. |
- Cheng, Dantong, et al.
(författare)
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MicroRNA-20a-5p promotes colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis by downregulating Smad4
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : IMPACT JOURNALS LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 7:29, s. 45199-45213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tumor metastasis is one of the leading causes of poor prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Loss of Smad4 contributes to aggression process in many human cancers. However, the underlying precise mechanism of aberrant Smad4 expression in CRC development is still little known. Results: miR-20a-5p negatively regulated Smad4 by directly targeting its 3UTR in human colorectal cancer cells. miR-20a-5p not only promoted CRC cells aggression capacity in vitro and liver metastasis in vivo, but also promoted the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process by downregulating Smad4 expression. In addition, tissue microarray analysis obtained from 544 CRC patients clinical characters showed that miR-20a-5p was upregulated in human CRC tissues, especially in the tissues with metastasis. High level of miR-20a-5p predicted poor prognosis in CRC patients. Methods: Five miRNA target prediction programs were applied to identify potential miRNA(s) that target(s) Smad4 in CRC. Luciferase reporter assay and transfection technique were used to validate the correlation between miR-20a-5p and Smad4 in CRC. Wound healing, transwell and tumorigenesis assays were used to explore the function of miR-20a-5p and Smad4 in CRC progression in vitro and in vivo. The association between miR-20a-5p expression and the prognosis of CRC patients was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate cox proportional hazard analyses based on tissue microarray data. Conclusions: miR-20a-5p, as an onco-miRNA, promoted the invasion and metastasis ability by suppressing Smad4 expression in CRC cells, and high miR-20a-5p predicted poor prognosis for CRC patients, providing a novel and promising therapeutic target in human colorectal cancer.
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| 7. |
- Chi, Chaodan, et al.
(författare)
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Si-based InGaAs photodetectors on heterogeneous integrated substrate
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1674-7348 .- 1869-1927. ; 64:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, InGaAs p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) on an InP/SiO2/Si (InPOI) substrate fabricated by ion-slicing technology are demonstrated and compared with the identical device on a commercial InP substrate. The quality of epitaxial layers on the InPOI substrate is similar to that on the InP substrate. The photo responsivities of both devices measured at 1.55 µm are comparable, which are about 0.808–0.828 A W−1. Although the dark current of PD on the InPOI substrate is twice as high as that of PD on the InP substrate at 300 K, the peak detectivities of both PDs are comparable. In general, the overall performance of the InPOI-based PD is comparable to the InP-based PD, demonstrating that the ion-slicing technology is a promising route to enable the high-quality Si-based InP platform for the full photonic integration on a Si substrate.
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| 8. |
- Choi, Murim, et al.
(författare)
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K+ Channel Mutations in Adrenal Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas and Hereditary Hypertension
- 2011
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 331:6018, s. 768-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endocrine tumors such as aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas (APAs), a cause of severe hypertension, feature constitutive hormone production and unrestrained cell proliferation; the mechanisms linking these events are unknown. We identify two recurrent somatic mutations in and near the selectivity filter of the potassium (K+) channel KCNJ5 that are present in 8 of 22 human APAs studied. Both produce increased sodium (Na+) conductance and cell depolarization, which in adrenal glomerulosa cells produces calcium (Ca2+) entry, the signal for aldosterone production and cell proliferation. Similarly, we identify an inherited KCNJ5 mutation that produces increased Na+ conductance in a Mendelian form of severe aldosteronism and massive bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. These findings explain pathogenesis in a subset of patients with severe hypertension and implicate loss of K+ channel selectivity in constitutive cell proliferation and hormone production.
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| 9. |
- Cui, Peng, et al.
(författare)
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An Expandable Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework Characterized by Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 142:29, s. 12743-12750
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A molecular crystal of a 2-D hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) undergoes an unusual structural transformation after solvent removal from the crystal pores during activation. The conformationally flexible host molecule, ABTPA, adapts its molecular conformation during activation to initiate a framework expansion. The microcrystalline activated phase was characterized by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED), which revealed that ABTPA uses out-of-plane anthracene units as adaptive structural anchors. These units change orientation to generate an expanded, lower density framework material in the activated structure. The porous HOF, ABTPA-2, has robust dynamic porosity (SA(BET) = 1 183 m(2) g(-1)) and exhibits negative area thermal expansion. We use crystal structure prediction (CSP) to understand the underlying energetics behind the structural transformation and discuss the challenges facing CSP for such flexible molecules.
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| 10. |
- Donoghue, Philip C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836. ; 442:7103, s. 601-718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fossilized embryos from the late Neoproterozoic and earliest Phanerozoic have caused much excitement because they preserve the earliest stages of embryology of animals that represent the initial diversification of metazoans1, 2, 3, 4. However, the potential of this material has not been fully realized because of reliance on traditional, non-destructive methods that allow analysis of exposed surfaces only1, 2,3, 4, and destructive methods that preserve only a single two-dimensional view of the interior of the specimen5, 6. Here, we have applied synchrotron-radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM)7, obtaining complete three-dimensional recordings at submicrometre resolution. The embryos are preserved by early diagenetic impregnation and encrustation with calcium phosphate, and differences in X-ray attenuation provide information about the distribution of these two diagenetic phases. Three-dimensional visualization of blastomere arrangement and diagenetic cement in cleavage embryos resolves outstanding questions about their nature, including the identity of the columnar blastomeres. The anterior and posterior anatomy of embryos of the bilaterian worm-like Markuelia confirms its position as a scalidophoran, providing new insights into body-plan assembly among constituent phyla. The structure of the developing germ band in another bilaterian, Pseudooides, indicates a unique mode of germ-band development. SRXTM provides a method of non-invasive analysis that rivals the resolution achieved even by destructive methods, probing the very limits of fossilization and providing insight into embryology during the emergence of metazoan phyla.
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| 11. |
- Fan, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling inflammatory and prehypertrophic cell populations as key contributors to knee cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis using multi-omics data integration
- 2024
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 83:7, s. 926-944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis of human knee articular cartilage tissue to present a comprehensive transcriptome landscape and osteoarthritis (OA)-critical cell populations.METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatially resolved transcriptomic technology have been applied to characterise the cellular heterogeneity of human knee articular cartilage which were collected from 8 OA donors, and 3 non-OA control donors, and a total of 19 samples. The novel chondrocyte population and marker genes of interest were validated by immunohistochemistry staining, quantitative real-time PCR, etc. The OA-critical cell populations were validated through integrative analyses of publicly available bulk RNA sequencing data and large-scale genome-wide association studies.RESULTS: We identified 33 cell population-specific marker genes that define 11 chondrocyte populations, including 9 known populations and 2 new populations, that is, pre-inflammatory chondrocyte population (preInfC) and inflammatory chondrocyte population (InfC). The novel findings that make this an important addition to the literature include: (1) the novel InfC activates the mediator MIF-CD74; (2) the prehypertrophic chondrocyte (preHTC) and hypertrophic chondrocyte (HTC) are potentially OA-critical cell populations; (3) most OA-associated differentially expressed genes reside in the articular surface and superficial zone; (4) the prefibrocartilage chondrocyte (preFC) population is a major contributor to the stratification of patients with OA, resulting in both an inflammatory-related subtype and a non-inflammatory-related subtype.CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight InfC, preHTC, preFC and HTC as potential cell populations to target for therapy. Also, we conclude that profiling of those cell populations in patients might be used to stratify patient populations for defining cohorts for clinical trials and precision medicine.
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| 12. |
- Figalova, Nikol, et al.
(författare)
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Methodological Framework for Modelling and Empirical Approaches (Deliverable D1.1 in the H2020 MSCA ITN project SHAPE-IT)
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The progress in technology development over the past decades, both with respect to software and hardware, offers the vision of automated vehicles as means of achieving zero fatalities in traffic. However, the promises of this new technology – an increase in road safety, traffic efficiency, and user comfort – can only be realized if this technology is smoothly introduced into the existing traffic system with all its complexities, constraints, and requirements. SHAPE- IT will contribute to this major undertaking by addressing research questions relevant for the development and introduction of automated vehicles in urban traffic scenarios. Previous research has pointed out several research areas that need more attention for a successful implementation and deployment of human-centred vehicle automation in urban environments. In SHAPE-IT, for example, a better understanding of human behaviour and the underlying psychological mechanisms will lead to improved models of human behaviour that can help to predict the effects of automated systems on human behaviour already during system development. Such models can also be integrated into the algorithms of automated vehicles, enabling them to better understand the human interaction partners’ behaviours. Further, the development of vehicle automation is much about technology (software and hardware), but the users will be humans and they will interact with humans both inside and outside of the vehicle. To be successful in the development of automated vehicles functionalities, research must be performed on a variety of aspects. Actually, a highly interdisciplinary team of researchers, bringing together expertise and background from various scientific fields related to traffic safety, human factors, human-machine interaction design and evaluation, automation, computational modelling, and artificial intelligence, is likely needed to consider the human-technology aspects of vehicle automation. Accordingly, SHAPE-IT has recruited fifteen PhD candidates (Early Stage Researchers – ESRs), that work together to facilitate this integration of automated vehicles into complex urban traffic by performing research to support the development of transparent, cooperative, accepted, trustworthy, and safe automated vehicles. With their (and their supervisors’) different scientific background, the candidates bring different theoretical concepts and methodological approaches to the project. This interdisciplinarity of the project team offers the unique possibility for each PhD candidate to address research questions from a broad perspective – including theories and methodological approaches of other interrelated disciplines. This is the main reason why SHAPE-IT has been funded by the European Commission’s Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network (ITN) program that is aimed to train early state researchers in multidisciplinary aspects of research including transferable skills. With the unique scope of SHAPE-IT, including the human-vehicle perspective, considering different road-users (inside and outside of the vehicle), addressing for example trust, transparency, and safety, and including a wide range of methodological approaches, the project members can substantially contribute to the development and deployment of safe and appreciated vehicle automation in the cities of the future. To achieve the goal of interdisciplinary research, it is necessary to provide the individual PhD candidate with a starting point, especially on the different and diverse methodological approaches of the different disciplines. The empirical, user-centred approach for the development and evaluation of innovative automated vehicle concepts is central to SHAPE- IT. This deliverable (D1.1 “Methodological Framework for Modelling and Empirical Approaches”) provides this starting point. That is, this document provides a broad overview of approaches and methodologies used and developed by the SHAPE-IT ESRs during their research. The SHAPE-IT PhD candidates, as well as other researchers and developers outside of SHAPE-IT, can use this document when searching for appropriate methodological approaches, or simply get a brief overview of research methodologies often employed in automated vehicle research. The first chapter of the deliverable shortly describes the major methodological approaches to collect data relevant for investigating road user behaviour. Each subchapter describes one approach, ranging from naturalistic driving studies to controlled experiments in driving simulators, with the goal to provide the unfamiliar reader with a broad overview of the approach, including its scope, the type of data collected, and its limitations. Each subchapter ends with recommendations for further reading – literature that provide much more detail and examples. The second chapter explains four different highly relevant tools for data collection, such as interviews, questionnaires, physiological measures, and as other current tools (the Wizard of Oz paradigm and Augmented and Virtual Reality). As in the first chapter this chapter provides the reader with information about advantages and disadvantages of the different tools and with proposed further readings. The third chapter deals with computational models of human/agent interaction and presents in four subchapters different modelling approaches, ranging from models based on psychological mechanisms, rule-based and artificial intelligence models to simulation models of traffic interaction. The fourth chapter is devoted to Requirements Engineering and the challenge of communicating knowledge (e.g., human factors) to developers of automated vehicles. When forming the SHAPE-IT proposal it was identified that there is a lack of communication of human factors knowledge about the highly technical development of automated vehicles. This is why it is highly important that the SHAPE-IT ESRs get training in requirement engineering. Regardless of the ESRs working in academia or industry after their studies it is important to learn how to communicate and disseminate the findings to engineers. The deliverable ends with the chapter “Method Champions”. Here the expertise and association of the different PhD candidates with the different topics are made explicit to facilitate and encourage networking between PhDs with special expertise and those seeking support, especially with regards to methodological questions.
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| 13. |
- Fu, Chaochao, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the microwave annealing of silicon
- 2017
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Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 2158-3226. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Though microwave annealing appears to be very appealing due to its unique features, lacking an in-depth understanding and accurate model hinder its application in semiconductor processing. In this paper, the physics-based model and accurate calculation for the microwave annealing of silicon are presented. Both thermal effects, including ohmic conduction loss and dielectric polarization loss, and non-thermal effects are thoroughly analyzed. We designed unique experiments to verify the mechanism and extract relevant parameters. We also explicitly illustrate the dynamic interaction processes of the microwave annealing of silicon. This work provides an in-depth understanding that can expedite the application of microwave annealing in semiconductor processing and open the door to implementing microwave annealing for future research and applications.
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| 14. |
- Ge, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental OMICS: Current Status and Future Directions
- 2013
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED OMICS. - : Proteomass Scientific Society. - 2182-0287. ; 3:2, s. 75-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Applications of OMICS to high throughput studies of changes of genes, RNAs, proteins, metabolites, and their associated functionsin cells or organisms exposed to environmental chemicals has led to the emergence of a very active research field: environmental OMICS.This developing field holds an important key for improving the scientific basis for understanding the potential impacts of environmentalchemicals on both health and the environment. Here we describe the state of environmental OMICS with an emphasis on its recent accomplishmentsand its problems and potential solutions to facilitate the incorporation of OMICS into mainstream environmental and healthresearch.Data sources: We reviewed relevant and recently published studies on the applicability and usefulness of OMICS technologies to the identificationof toxicity pathways, mechanisms, and biomarkers of environmental chemicals for environmental and health risk monitoring andassessment, including recent presentations and discussions on these issues at The First International Conference on Environmental OMICS(ICEO), held in Guangzhou, China during November 8-12, 2011. This paper summarizes our review.Synthesis: Environmental OMICS aims to take advantage of powerful genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics tools toidentify novel toxicity pathways/signatures/biomarkers so as to better understand toxicity mechanisms/modes of action, to identify/categorize/prioritize/screen environmental chemicals, and to monitor and predict the risks associated with exposure to environmental chemicalson human health and the environment. To improve the field, some lessons learned from previous studies need to be summarized, aresearch agenda and guidelines for future studies need to be established, and a focus for the field needs to be developed.Conclusions: OMICS technologies for identification of RNA, protein, and metabolic profiles and endpoints have already significantly improvedour understanding of how environmental chemicals affect our ecosystem and human health. OMICS breakthroughs are empoweringthe fields of environmental toxicology, chemical toxicity characterization, and health risk assessment. However, environmental OMICS is stillin the data generation and collection stage. Important data gaps in linking and/or integrating toxicity data with OMICS endpoints/profilesneed to be filled to enable understanding of the potential impacts of chemicals on human health and the environment. It is expected thatfuture environmental OMICS will focus more on real environmental issues and challenges such as the characterization of chemical mixturetoxicity, the identification of environmental and health biomarkers, and the development of innovative environmental OMICS approachesand assays. These innovative approaches and assays will inform chemical toxicity testing and prediction, ecological and health risk monitoringand assessment, and natural resource utilization in ways that maintain human health and protects the environment in a sustainable manner.
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| 15. |
- Guo, Peng Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes on bismuth titanate nanosheets for metal affinity separation of phosphoproteins
- 2020
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765. ; 196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Separation of phosphoproteins plays an important role for identification of biomarkers in life science. In this work, bismuth titanate supported, iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes were prepared for selective separation of phosphoproteins. The iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and glycidyl methacrylate, followed by a ring opening reaction of epoxy group, and chelation of the obtained cis-diols with Fe3+ ions. The composite material was characterized to determine the size and thickness, the content of the organic polymer and the metal loading. The bismuth titanate supported, iron-chelated thermoresponsive polymer brushes showed selective binding for phosphoproteins in the presence of abundant interfering proteins, and a high binding capacity for phosphoproteins by virtue of the metal affinity between the metal ions on the polymer brushes and the phosphate groups in the phosphoproteins (664 mg β-Casein per g sorbent). The thermoresponsive property of the polymer brushes made it possible to adjust phosphoprotein binding by changing temperature. Finally, separation of phosphoproteins from a complex biological sample (i.e. milk) was demonstrated using the nanosheet-supported thermoresponsive polymer brushes.
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| 16. |
- Heděnec, Petr, et al.
(författare)
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Tree species, mycorrhizal associations, and land-use history as drivers of cohesion in soil biota communities and microbe-fauna interactions
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - 0378-1127. ; 560
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community cohesion is a recent concept in ecology referring to the varying levels of connectivity and integration between populations of different taxonomic or functional groups within ecosystems. Positive cohesion denotes positive interactions such as mutualism or facilitation, while negative cohesion implies negative interactions such as competitive exclusion or a preference for different habitats. However, the effects of ecosystem characteristics such as tree species identity, mycorrhizal association and land-use history on soil biota community cohesion and microbe-fauna interactions remains poorly understood. We analyzed data on soil microbial biomass and biomass of taxonomic and functional groups of soil fauna obtained from monoculture stands of broadleaved tree species (maple and ash) associated with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), broadleaved tree species (beech, lime, and oak) associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) and coniferous Norway spruce associated with ECM planted in common garden designs on former cropland and former forest land across Denmark. Our results revealed both positive and negative cohesion within soil communities, with only negative cohesion varying significantly among tree species. Soil biota communities under spruce indicated the most negative cohesion, whereas maple and ash soils showed least negative cohesion. Community cohesion varied across different sampling locations and between sites with different land-use histories. Positive cohesion was more pronounced in former cropland than in former old forest land, while negative cohesion was more pronounced in soils under tree species associated with ECM fungi than in soils beneath tree species associated with AM fungi. Both positive and negative cohesion were strongly influenced by litter chemistry and soil properties, indicating complex ecological dynamics. Soil pH, litter decomposition indices, and soil C:N ratio emerged as key drivers of microbial and faunal community structures. Additionally, the total microbial and faunal biomass, as well as the community structure of soil microbial and faunal communities, indicated strong positive interactions. Our results have the potential to support forest management by aiding in the selection of suitable tree species to support different groups of soil microbes and fauna, which play crucial role in ecosystem services such as nutrient release and transformation of soil organic matter.
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| 17. |
- Jiang, Zhiping, et al.
(författare)
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Fine tuning the hydrophobicity of counter-anions to tailor pore size in porous all-poly(ionic liquid) membranes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Polymer international. - : Wiley. - 0959-8103 .- 1097-0126. ; 68:9, s. 1566-1569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Charged porous polymer membranes (CPMs) emerging as a multifunctional platform for diverse applications in chemistry, materials science and biomedicine have been attracting widespread attention. Fabrication of CPMs in a controllable manner is of particular significance for optimizing their function and maximizing practical values. Herein, we report the fabrication of CPMs exclusively from poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), and their pore size and wettability were precisely tailored by rational choice of counter-anions. Specifically, a stepwise subtle increase in hydrophobicity of the counter-anions by extending the length of fluorinated alkyl substituents, i.e. from bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide to bis(pentafluoroethane sulfonyl)imide and bis(heptafluoropropane sulfonyl)imide, decreased the average pore size gradually from 1546 to 157 and 77 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding water contact angles increased from 90 degrees to 102 degrees and 120 degrees. The sensitive control over the porous architectures and surface wettability of CPMs by systematic variation of anion hydrophobicity provides solid proof of the impact of PIL anions on CPM structure.
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| 18. |
- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 19. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 20. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 21. |
- Li, Chengxi, et al.
(författare)
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Unleashing mixed-reality capability in Deep Reinforcement Learning-based robot motion generation towards safe human–robot collaboration
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 74, s. 411-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of human–robot collaboration yields substantial benefits, particularly in terms of enhancing flexibility and efficiency within a range of mass-personalized manufacturing tasks, for example, small-batch customized product inspection and assembly/disassembly. Meanwhile, as human–robot collaboration lands broader in manufacturing, the unstructured scene and operator uncertainties are increasingly involved and considered. Consequently, it becomes imperative for robots to execute in a safe and adaptive manner rather than solely relying on pre-programmed instructions. To tackle it, a systematic solution for safe robot motion generation in human–robot collaborative activities is proposed, leveraging mixed-reality technologies and Deep Reinforcement Learning. This solution covers the entire process of collaboration starting with an intuitive interface that facilitates bare-hand task command transmission and scene coordinate transformation before the collaboration begins. In particular, mixed-reality devices are employed as effective tools for representing the state of humans, robots, and scenes. This enables the learning of an end-to-end Deep Reinforcement Learning policy that addresses both the uncertainties in robot perception and decision-making in an integrated manner. The proposed solution also implements policy simulation-to-reality deployment, along with motion preview and collision detection mechanisms, to ensure safe robot motion execution. It is hoped that this work could inspire further research in human–robot collaboration to unleash and exploit the powerful capabilities of mixed reality.
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| 22. |
- Li, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Coating of Phosphide Catalysts on p-Silicon by a Necking Strategy for Improved Photoelectrochemical Characteristics in Alkaline Media
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:17, s. 20185-20193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methodology of coating electrocatalysts on semiconductor substrates is critical for the catalytic performance of photoelectrochemical electrodes. A weakly bound coating leads to orders of magnitude lower efficiency and reliability compared to those required to meet the commercial demand. Herein, a facile strategy based on the hydrolysis of TiCl4 is developed to solve the coating issue. Mesoporous tungsten phosphide (WP) particles were spin-coated and affixed onto TiO2-protected planar p-Si by the formation of a TiO2 necking layer between the catalyst particles and the substrates. Under 1 sun illumination, the as-prepared WP/TiO2/Si photocathode yields a saturated current density of -35 mA cm(-2) and a durability of over 110 h with a current density over -15 mA cm(-2) at 0 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode in a 1.0 M KOH solution, which is among the state-of-the-art performances of commercial planar Si-based photocathodes. The Kelvin probe force microscopy results suggest the successive transfer of photoelectrons from Si to TiO2 and WP. The as-formed TiO2 necking layer plays the key role in ensuring the surface catalytic activity and durability. This necking strategy is also applicable for coating other transition-metal phosphides, for example, MoP and FeP, thus offering a practical approach to meet the commercial requirement of low-cost, highly efficient, and durable photoelectrodes.
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| 23. |
- Li, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Land-use and land-cover change carbon emissions between 1901 and 2012 constrained by biomass observations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14:22, s. 5053-5067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) to estimate CO2 emissions from land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) offers a new window to account for spatial and temporal details of emissions and for ecosystem processes affected by LULCC. One drawback of LULCC emissions from DGVMs, however, is lack of observation constraint. Here, we propose a new method of using satellite-and inventory-based biomass observations to constrain historical cumulative LULCC emissions (E-LUC(c)) from an ensemble of nine DGVMs based on emerging relationships between simulated vegetation biomass and E-LUC(c). This method is applicable on the global and regional scale. The original DGVM estimates of E-LUC(c) range from 94 to 273 PgC during 1901-2012. After constraining by current biomass observations, we derive a best estimate of 155 +/- 50 PgC (1 sigma Gaussian error). The constrained LULCC emissions are higher than prior DGVM values in tropical regions but significantly lower in North America. Our emergent constraint approach independently verifies the median model estimate by biomass observations, giving support to the use of this estimate in carbon budget assessments. The uncertainty in the constrained Ec LUC is still relatively large because of the uncertainty in the biomass observations, and thus reduced uncertainty in addition to increased accuracy in biomass observations in the future will help improve the constraint. This constraint method can also be applied to evaluate the impact of land-based mitigation activities.
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| 24. |
- Li, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular engineering of D-A-pi-A sensitizers for highly efficient solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : RSC Publishing. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 5:7, s. 3157-3166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two newquinoxaline-based D-A-pi-A organic sensitizers AQ309 and AQ310 have been designed and synthesized employing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) as plinker units, respectively. The new AQ309 and AQ310 dyes have been applied in all-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs). An impressive record photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.0% for AQ310-based ssDSSCs using Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport material (HTM) was obtained under standard AM 1.5 (100 mW cm (2)) solar intensity. This clearly outperforms the PCE of the state-of-theart organic D-pi-A dye LEG4-based devices showing a PCE of 7.3% under the same conditions. Moreover, an excellent high PCE of 8.6% was also recorded for AQ310-based devices under 50% solar intensity. Meanwhile, the AQ310-based ssDSSCs showed a much longer electron lifetime according to the transient photovoltage decay measurement, demonstrating lower charge recombination losses in the devices. Photo-induced absorption spectroscopy (PIA) indicated that AQ310 could be more efficiently regenerated by Spiro-OMeTAD. These results show that molecular engineering is a promising strategy to develop D-A-pi-A organic sensitizers for highly efficient ssDSSCs.
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| 25. |
- Liu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Variant selection of primary–secondary extension twin pairs in magnesium : An analytical calculation study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 219, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twining is an important deformation mode in magnesium. In a deformed magnesium sample, an extension twin crystal, i.e., {101¯2} twin, can form inside a {101¯2} primary twin, which is named {101¯2}–{101¯2} secondary twin. These secondary twins often appear at the intersection of two primary twins, and form primary–secondary twin pairs. Experimental observations show that the most frequently observed primary–secondary twin pairs have a unique misorientation, i.e., twin variant selection exists. Such variant selection of the primary–secondary twin pairs is studied in this work. The crystallographic analysis reveals that the twin planes of the primary and secondary twins that form a twin pair have coincident intersection lines with the boundary where the twin pair adjoins. An analytical calculation method based on Eshelby's inclusion theory is developed, and the calculation results show that only for this unique misorientation, the stress fields concentrated at the rims of the primary and the secondary twins are mutually favoured. The analysis is further extended to the incoming–outgoing twin pairs across ordinary grain boundaries, and compared with the commonly used geometrical compatibility factor m′. It is found that m′ only gives good prediction for twin transmission when the shear stress component on the twin plane along the twin shear direction of the incoming twin is the major contributor to the resolved shear stress of the outgoing twin. When other stress components play a dominant role, m′ becomes ineffective in prediction, which is the case for the primary–secondary twin pairs.
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