| 1. |
- Berner, Logan T., et al.
(författare)
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The Arctic plant aboveground biomass synthesis dataset
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-4463. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant biomass is a fundamental ecosystem attribute that is sensitive to rapid climatic changes occurring in the Arctic. Nevertheless, measuring plant biomass in the Arctic is logistically challenging and resource intensive. Lack of accessible field data hinders efforts to understand the amount, composition, distribution, and changes in plant biomass in these northern ecosystems. Here, we present The Arctic plant aboveground biomass synthesis dataset, which includes field measurements of lichen, bryophyte, herb, shrub, and/or tree aboveground biomass (g m−2) on 2,327 sample plots from 636 field sites in seven countries. We created the synthesis dataset by assembling and harmonizing 32 individual datasets. Aboveground biomass was primarily quantified by harvesting sample plots during mid- to late-summer, though tree and often tall shrub biomass were quantified using surveys and allometric models. Each biomass measurement is associated with metadata including sample date, location, method, data source, and other information. This unique dataset can be leveraged to monitor, map, and model plant biomass across the rapidly warming Arctic.
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| 2. |
- Burkhard, Benjamin, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping and assessing ecosystem services in the EU - Lessons learned from the ESMERALDA approach of integration
- 2018
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Ingår i: One Ecosystem. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-8194. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action ESMERALDA aimed at developing guidance and a flexible methodology for Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) to support the EU member states in the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy’s Target 2 Action 5. ESMERALDA’s key tasks included network creation, stakeholder engagement, enhancing ecosystem services mapping and assessment methods across various spatial scales and value domains, work in case studies and support of EU member states in MAES implementation. Thus ESMERALDA aimed at integrating various project outcomes around four major strands: i) Networking, ii) Policy, iii) Research and iv) Application. The objective was to provide guidance for integrated ecosystem service mapping and assessment that can be used for sustainable decision-making in policy, business, society, practice and science at EU, national and regional levels. This article presents the overall ESMERALDA approach of integrating the above-mentioned project components and outcomes and provides an overview of how the enhanced methods were applied and how they can be used to support MAES implementation in the EU member states. Experiences with implementing such a large pan-European Coordination and Support Action in the context of EU policy are discussed and recommendations for future actions are given.
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| 3. |
- Catalan-Figueroa, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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A mechanistic approach for the optimization of loperamide loaded nanocarriers characterization : Diafiltration and mathematical modeling advantages
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 125, s. 215-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral bioavailability of loperamide is restricted by its limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract due to its poor aqueous solubility and its P-glycoprotein (Pgp) substrate characteristic. In addition, ammonium methacrylate copolymers have shown to have mucoadhesive properties, whereas poloxamer 188, has been suggested as a Pgp inhibitor. Thus, in this work, we evaluate conditions that affect physicochemical parameters of ammonium methacrylate/poloxamer 188-based nanocarriers loaded with loperamide hydrochloride. Nanocarriers were synthesized by nanoprecipitation, enhancing loperamide encapsulation efficiency by modifying the aqueous phase to basic pH. The isolation of the non-encapsulated drug fraction from the nanocarriers-incorporated fraction was conducted by centrifugation, ultrafiltration, vacuum filtration and diafiltration. The last method was effective in providing a deeper understanding of drug-nanocarrier loading and interactions by means of modeling the data obtained by it. Through diafiltration, it was determined an encapsulation efficiency of about 93%, from which a 38% ±6 was shown to be reversibly (thermodynamic interaction) and a 62% ±6 irreversibly (kinetic interaction) bound. Finally, release profiles were assessed through empirical and semi-empirical modeling, showing a biphasic release behavior (burst effect 11.34% and total release at 6 h = 33% ±1). Thus, encapsulation efficiency and release profile were shown to have a strong mathematical modeling-based correlation, providing the mechanistic approach presented in this article a solid support for future translational investigations.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Modules, networks and systems medicine for understanding disease and aiding diagnosis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1756-994X. ; 6:82
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many common diseases, such as asthma, diabetes or obesity, involve altered interactions between thousands of genes. High-throughput techniques (omics) allow identification of such genes and their products, but functional understanding is a formidable challenge. Network-based analyses of omics data have identified modules of disease-associated genes that have been used to obtain both a systems level and a molecular understanding of disease mechanisms. For example, in allergy a module was used to find a novel candidate gene that was validated by functional and clinical studies. Such analyses play important roles in systems medicine. This is an emerging discipline that aims to gain a translational understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying common diseases. In this review, we will explain and provide examples of how network-based analyses of omics data, in combination with functional and clinical studies, are aiding our understanding of disease, as well as helping to prioritize diagnostic markers or therapeutic candidate genes. Such analyses involve significant problems and limitations, which will be discussed. We also highlight the steps needed for clinical implementation.
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| 5. |
- Oyarzun-Ampuero, Felipe, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Wounds
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current pharmaceutical design. - : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1381-6128 .- 1873-4286. ; 21:29, s. 4329-4341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Poska, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Reading past landscapes : combining modern and historical records, maps, pollen-based vegetation reconstructions, and the socioeconomic background
- 2018
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Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 33:4, s. 529-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Anthropogenic and environmental changes are reshaping landscapes across the globe. In this context, understanding the patterns, drivers, and consequences of these changes is one of the central challenges of humankind. Purpose: We aim to test the possibilities of combining modern multidisciplinary approaches to reconstruct the land-cover and linking the changes in land-cover to socioeconomic shifts in southern Estonia over the last 200 years. Methods: The historical records from five, and maps from six time periods and 79 pollen-based land-cover reconstructions from four lakes are used to determine the land-cover structure and composition and are thereafter combined with the literature based analyses of socioeconomic changes. Results: All information sources recorded similar changes in the land-cover. The anthropogenic deforestation was comparable to today’s (approximately 50%) during the nineteenth century. Major political and socioeconomic changes led to the intensification of agriculture and maximal deforestation (60–85%) at the beginning of the twentieth century. The land nationalisation following the Soviet occupation led to the reforestation of the less productive agricultural lands. This trend continued until the implementation of European Union agrarian subsidies at the beginning of the twenty first century. Conclusions: Pollen-based reconstructions provide a trustworthy alternative to historical records and maps. Accounting for source specific biases is essential when dealing with any data source. The landscape’s response to socioeconomic changes was considerable in Estonia over the last 200 years. Changes in land ownership and the global agricultural market are major drivers in determining the strength and direction of the land-cover change.
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| 7. |
- Putkiranta, Pauli, et al.
(författare)
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The value of hyperspectral UAV imagery in characterizing tundra vegetation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of low-growth Arctic tundra landscapes necessitates the use of high-spatial-resolution remote sensing data for accurate detection of vegetation patterns. While multispectral satellite and aerial imaging, including the use of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), are common approaches, hyperspectral UAV imaging has not been thoroughly explored in these ecosystems. Here, we assess the added value of hyperspectral UAV imaging relative to multispectral UAV imaging in modelling plant communities in low-growth oroarctic tundra heaths in Saariselkä, northern Finland. We compare three different spectral compositions: 4-channel broadband aerial images, 5-channel broadband UAV images and 112-channel narrowband UAV images. Based on field vegetation plot data, we estimate vascular plant aboveground biomass, leaf area index, species richness, Shannon's diversity index, and community composition. We use spectral and topographic information to compile 12 explanatory datasets for random forest regression and classification.For aboveground biomass and leaf area index, the highest R2 values were 0.60 and 0.65, respectively, and broadband variables were most important. In the best models for biodiversity metrics species richness and Shannon's index R2 values were 0.53 and 0.46, respectively, with hyperspectral, topographic, and multispectral variables having high importance. For 4 floristically determined community clusters, both random forest classifications and fuzzy cluster membership regressions were conducted. Overall accuracy (OA) for classification was 0.67 at best, while cluster membership was estimated with an R2 of 0.29–0.53. Variable importance was heavily dependent on community composition, but topographic, multispectral, and hyperspectral data were all selected for these community composition models. Hyperspectral models generally outperformed multispectral ones when topographic data were excluded. With topographic data, this difference was diminished, and performance improvements from added hyperspectral data were limited to 0–10 percentage point increases in R2, the largest occurring in the metrics with lowest R2. These results suggest that while hyperspectral can outperform multispectral imaging, multispectral and topographic data are mostly sufficient in practical applications in tundra heaths.
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