| 1. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Digital innovations and self-determined exercise motivation : a person-centred perspective
- 2014
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In: Vitalis – Nordens ledande eHälsomöte 2014. - Göteborg : Vitalis & Sahlgrenska akademin, Göteborgs universitet. ; , s. 22-25
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Health care costs are increasing twice as fast as wealth, making health promotion and development of cost-effective care increasingly important in order to generate sustainable health care solutions. E-health, applications and interactive tools for exercise promotion flourish; but despite this and an overflow of information regarding health benefits of regular physical activity, exercise adherence has proven to be a significant challenge. This article concerns a project aimed to design an interactive tool based on comprehensive knowledge from the field of psychology combined with expertise from information technology and innovation, based on e-health industrial requirements and user needs. The research group will, together with the expertise and infrastructure of the collaborating companies Health Profile Institute AB and Tappa Service AB, support and progress an existing PhD-project on digital interventions in exercise motivation. This will be done by designing; applying and evaluating a person-centred digital intervention prototype for exercise motivation and adherence enhancement based on Self-Determination Theory.
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| 2. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(author)
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Associations between physical activity and core affects within and across days: a daily diary study
- 2021
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In: Psychology & Health. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 36:1, s. 43-58
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate (a) if daily physical activity at the within-person level is related to four different core affects the same evening, (b) if core affects in the evening predict physical activity the following day, and (c) if physical activity predicts core affects the following day. Design: A total of 166 university students were asked to complete the affect and physical activity measures once a day (in the evening), for seven days. Bivariate unconditional latent curve model analyses with structured residuals were performed to investigate the relations within days and across days between the core affects and physical activity. Main outcome measures: Core affects and physical activity. Results: Physical activity had positive within-day associations with pleasant-activated and pleasant-deactivated core affects and a negative within-day association with unpleasant-deactivated affective responses. There were, however, no statistically significant relations between core affects and physical activity across days. Conclusion: These results highlight that the measurement interval might be an important factor that influences the association between core affects and physical activity behaviors.
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| 3. |
- Jonsson, Linus, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Rationale and development of individual counseling based on self-determination theory and motivational interviewing
- 2014
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In: ISBNPA 2014 Abstract Book. ; , s. 282-282
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: In a recent published article series in International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity a marriage between Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) was proposed. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the rationale and development of individual counseling, based on the tenets of SDT and techniques drawn from MI, used to promote exercise adherence.Methods: A review of the literature relevant to the marriage of SDT and MI was conducted, and a counseling approach based on SDT and MI progressed. Guidelines for how to support individuals basic needs in individual counseling and scripts for individual counselling sessions to promote exercise adherence was developed.Results: To support the individuals need for autonomy, competence and relatedness different techniques and approaches was proposed. The counseling technique is now being tested in a randomized control intervention (intervention group (n=50), control group (n=50)) to promote regular exercise among healthy, inactive adults.Conclusions: This paper outlines the rationale and development of individual counseling based on SDT and MI. Although a ‘complete marriage’ between SDT and MI may not be possible, an initial step towards a ‘new’ counseling approach has been made.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Stirring the motivational soup: withinperson latent profiles of motivation in exercise
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 14:4, s. 1-12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The purpose of the present study was to use a person-oriented analytical approach to identify latent motivational profiles, based on the different behavioural regulations for exercise, and to examine differences in satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness) and exercise behaviour across these motivational profiles. Methods: Two samples, consisting of 1084 and 511 adults respectively, completed exercise-related measures of behavioural regulation and psychological need satisfaction as well as exercise behaviour. Latent profile analyses were used to identify motivational profiles. Results: Six profiles, representing different combinations of regulations for exercise, were found to best represent data in both samples. Some profiles were found in both samples (e.g., low motivation profile, self-determined motivation profile and self-determined with high introjected regulation profile), whereas others were unique to each sample. In line with the Self-Determination Theory, individuals belonging to more self-determined profiles demonstrated higher scores on need satisfaction. Conclusions: The results support the notions of motivation being a multidimensional construct and that people have different, sometimes competing, reasons for engaging in exercise. The benefits of using person-oriented analyses to examine within-person interactions of motivation and different regulations are discussed.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Teixeira, Pedro J., et al.
(author)
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Classification of Techniques Used in Self-Determinationheory-Based Interventions in Health Contexts : An Expert Consensus Study
- 2020
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In: Motivation Science. - Washington, DC : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2333-8113 .- 2333-8121. ; 6:4, s. 438-445
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- While evidence suggests that interventions based on self-determination theory can be effective in motivating adoption and maintenance of health-related behaviors, and in promoting adaptive psychological outcomes, the motivational techniques that comprise the content of these interventions have not been comprehensively identified or described. The aim of the present study was to develop a classification system of the techniques that comprise self-determination theory interventions, with satisfaction of psychological needs as an organizing principle. Candidate techniques were identified through a comprehensive review of self-determination theory interventions and nomination by experts. The study team developed a preliminary list of candidate techniques accompanied by labels, definitions, and function descriptions of each. Each technique was aligned with the most closely-related psychological need satisfaction construct (autonomy, competence, or relatedness). Using an iterative expert consensus procedure, participating experts (N = 18) judged each technique on the preliminary list for redundancy, essentiality, uniqueness, and the proposed link between the technique and basic psychological need. The procedure produced a final classification of 21 motivation and behavior change techniques (MBCTs). Redundancies between final MBCTs against techniques from existing behavior change technique taxonomies were also checked. The classification system is the first formal attempt to systematize self-determination theory intervention techniques. The classification is expected to enhance consistency in descriptions of self-determination theory-based interventions in health contexts, and assist in facilitating synthesis of evidence on interventions based on the theory. The classification is also expected to guide future efforts to identify, describe, and classify the techniques that comprise self-determination theory-based interventions in multiple domains. © 2020, American Psychological Association.
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| 8. |
- Weman-Josefsson, Karin Anna, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Digital Innovations and Self-determined exercise motivation : an interdisciplinary approach
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of The 6th International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics: IMCIC March 2015. Orlando, Florida..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In face of escalating health care costs, new technology holds great promise for innovative solutions and new, more sustainable health care models. Technology centers around the individual, allowing for greater autonomy and control in health issues and access to tailored information and customized health behavior interventions. While this offers good opportunities for both public health impact and improved well-being at individual levels, it also emphasizes the need for properly designed e-health models firmly based on scientific principles and adequate theoretical frameworks. Consequently, this project aims to design an interactive tool utilizing an interdisciplinary approach combining motivational theory with the fields of information technology and business model innovation. In collaboration with two companies from the e-health industry, the purpose is to design, apply and evaluate a person-centered interactive prototype for maintainable and self-determined exercise motivation.
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| 9. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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A latent profile analysis of goal content in exercise
- 2015
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In: ISBNPA 2015. ; , s. 142-142
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Drawing from Self-determination theory, the main aim is to examine if there are different homogenous subgroups of people with similar latent profiles (that differ from other subgroups) regarding goal content in the exercise domain.Methods: Active members (n=1084) of an internet-based exercise program between 18 and 78 years of age (279 men and 805 women) completed a web survey including the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ; Sebire, Standage & Vansteenkiste, 2008). The five variables measured by the GCEQ, social affiliation (SA), health management (HM),skill development (SD), social recognition (SR) and image (IM) were used as input variables in latent profile analysis (LPA) in Mplus. Variables related to Self- determination theory, basic psychological needs and motivational regulations, as well as exercise behavior were used as distal outcome variables.Results: A five class model constituted the most statistically suitable and theoretically meaningful solution. Class 1 score low on all GCEQ five variables. Class 2 also scores relatively low on all variables aside from HM which was average. Class 3 is primarily driven by high scores on the external goals IM and SR. Class 4 show a reversed profile compared to class 3 with high scores on SA and SD and IM and SR being below average. Finally class 5 display high scores on all variables, in particular on SA, SR and SD. The five classes also differed in terms of distal outcome variables linked to the self-determination theory, such as basic psychological need satisfaction, motivational regulations and exercise behavior.Conclusions: Several unique latent profiles of goal content in exercise were detected. Significant differences across these latent profiles in basic needs, motivational regulations and exercise behavior were also found. Person-centered analyses, such as LPA, may reveal interesting patterns of complex interactions that are hard to identify using traditional variable centered analyses.
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| 10. |
- Weman-Josefsson, Karin Anna, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Need satisfaction, Motivational regulations and Exercise: Moderation and mediation effects.
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 12:May
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Based on the Self-determination theory process model, this study aimed to explore relationships between the latent constructs of psychological need satisfaction, autonomous motivation and exercise behaviour; the mediational role of autonomous motivation in the association of psychological need satisfaction with exercise behaviour; as well as gender and age differences in the aforementioned associations. Methods Adult active members of an Internet-based exercise program (n=1091) between 18 and 78 years of age completed a test battery on motivational aspects based on Self-determination theory. The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale and the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 were used to measure need satisfaction and type of motivation and the Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire to measure self-reported exercise. Results Need satisfaction predicted autonomous motivation, which in turn predicted exercise, especially for women. Autonomous motivation was found to mediate the association between need satisfaction and exercise. Age and gender moderated several of the paths in the model linking need satisfaction with motivation and exercise. Conclusion The results demonstrated gender and age differences in the proposed sequential mechanisms between autonomous motivation and exercise in the process model. This study thus highlights a potential value in considering moderating factors and the need to further examine the underlying mechanisms between needs, autonomous motivation, and exercise behaviour.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Application of self-determination theory in the e-health industry – promoting sustainable exercise motivation
- 2015
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In: Proceeding. - Bern : University of Bern. - 9783033051294 ; , s. 372-372
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Developing tailored digital interventions for exercise motivation by applying behavioral theory into existing web services in cooperation with the e-health industry could create a mutual base for experience exchange and practical implications. It could also add higher standards to e-health business by providing a scientifically sound and trustworthy foundation for digital solutions. This project aims to design an interactive tool grounded in sport and exercise psychology and combined with the latest expertise from information technology and innovation science, considering e-health industrial requirements and user needs. A main objective is to test the efficacy of using Self-Determination Theory (SDT) in designing, constructing and evaluating an exercise intervention. The digital intervention is based on a literature review mapping exercise motivation related to self-determination theory, complemented by qualitative cross-disciplinary interaction design methodologies, such as qualitative analysis of interviews and contextual observation capturing participant goals, behaviour, preferences, attitudes and frustrations. Intervention contents are essentially autonomy supportive structures, goal-setting support and relapse prevention, self-regulation structures, health information and web links. In February 2015 the intervention prototype will be pilot tested in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), involving existing members and clients (N > 10 000) of two health service companies. Outcomes relate to self-determined exercise motivation (The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale and The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2) and exercise behaviour, measured both by self-report measures (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire) and step counters. The RCT contains three measure points in order to allow advanced analyses of change and mechanisms based on the SDT-process model and motivational profiles. Latent growth curve and structural equation models will primarily be used to analyse data. This pilot study will create a baseline for elaboration into a second phase, were the digital tool will be further developed and longitudinally tested and evaluated over a nine months period. © 2015 University of Bern, Institut of Sport Science
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| 13. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Considering moderators and mediators in self-determined motivation and exercise behaviour
- 2014
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In: Association for Applied Sport Psychology – 2014 Conference Proceedings & Program. - Indianapolis, IN : Association for Applied Sport Psychology. - 9780985531027 ; , s. 75-76
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to successfully enhance exercise motivation and behaviour change, it is of particular importance to explore and understand theoretical mechanisms underpinning exercise behaviours. Research based on adequate theory and using appropriate mediating variable analyses (MVA) could inform practice by identifying the active ingredients of successful exercise promotion intervention designs and distinguishing elements that could (or should) be excluded. Such an approach could not only promote cost-effectiveness, but also contribute to the understanding of sustainable behavior change and provide valuable practical implications for intervention design. This study aimed to examine the abovementioned mechanisms based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000). Adult active members of an Internet-based exercise program (n = 1,091) between 18 and 78 years of age completed a test battery including the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES); the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ). Data was analysed by structural equation modelling (SEM) and mediation analyses using bootstrapping resampling approach. Mplus version 7.1 was used to analyse the data with the maximum likelihood (ML) and robust maximum likelihood (MLM) estimators. Need satisfaction was found to predict self-determined motivation, which in turn predicted exercise, especially for women. Self-determined motivation mediated the association between need satisfaction and exercise, and these associations were moderated by gender and age. The results highlight the potential impact of considering moderating effects for a better understanding of how and for whom exercise interventions could influence behavioural outcomes. Future research would benefit practice by further exploration of underlying mechanisms in terms of mediating and moderating effects in order to be able to make adequate recommendations on how to tailor SDT intervention designs, e.g. by addressing age and gender issues.
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| 14. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Digital interventions in self-determined exercise motivation – interdisciplinary innovations
- 2015
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In: ISBNPA 2015. ; , s. 592-592
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose:There is a need for scientifically sound and theory based tools and services in e-health. In this project knowledge from the field of psychology will be complemented by expertise in information technology and innovation science in designing a digital intervention based on Self-determination theory (SDT) aiming to facilitate exercise motivation.Methods:The intervention will be tested by a three wave RCT design in a population of e-health clients (n = 200) in a web based exercise service. Sensors (step counters) and self-reports (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire) will be used to measure objective and subjective exercise behavior while instruments based on SDT (Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale and Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 ) will measure factors related to motivation. Advanced mediation variable analyses (MVA) and latent growth curve models (LGCM) will be used to explore motivational processes, changes and profiles in relation to exercise behavior.Expected Results:Based on the SDT process model, it is hypothesized that a (digital) environment supporting basic psychological need satisfaction will facilitate internalization and enhanced self-determined motivation, which in turn will have a positive effect on exercise behavior.Conclusions:Clarifying mechanisms and indirect effects provide knowledge of how intervention effects could be interpreted and understood. Combining high level research design like RCT and advanced analyses as MVA provides valuable contributions to the understanding of theoretical mechanisms of motivation that could inform the tailoring of effective interventions promoting healthy exercise behaviours. In addition, the project might form a prosperous interdisciplinary fusion generating innovative and theory based digital solutions for e-health.
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| 15. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Effects of a digital intervention program on motivational regulation patterns in an exercise context : A latent transition analysis of the “motivational soup”
- 2017
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In: Sport Psychology. - Sevilla : International Society of Sport Psychology. - 9788491482826 ; , s. 319-320
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Within the self-determination theory of motivation the concept “motivational soup” refers to motivational regulations forming profiles of accumulated drives towards behavior. Few studies have examined the probability of intervention effects to change such motivational profiles over time, knowledge that might inform future program design to promote sustainable exercise motivation. Participants (N=318) were 279 women and 40 men, aged 23-67 years (Mage=46.7; SD=9.4) consisting of adult members of a web-based step contest provided by their employers. Of the 166 individuals randomly assigned to the experimental group, 85 logged in to the digital intervention platform at least once and were considered treated as intended. This group had access to a web-based digital exercise motivation intervention based on SDT for three weeks. The trial had three measure points; T1 baseline, T2 (3 weeks) and a follow up T3 (6 weeks). To investigate the potential effect of the intervention on the odds of participants to change motivational profiles between T1 and T3 we used Latent Transition Analysis. The intervention had positive main effects on exercise level. A four profile solution showed good quality of classification into the separate profiles (entropy = .92). The profiles were labeled high-high (n=262), high-low (n=26), low-high (n=8), and low-low (n=12), where the label high reflected a more autonomous regulation pattern (missing n=10). Participants in the autonomous profile at T1 had high probabilities of remaining there at T3, but slightly lower probability in the control (82%) than the intervention (95%) condition. Participants in the control condition also had a statistically significant increased probability to belong to the profile with a decreased level autonomy T3 (high-low profile) (OR=4.0, p=.008).These results indicate that this digital exercise motivation intervention can increase the likelihood for participants to sustain autonomous motivation profiles over time.
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| 16. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Examining patterns of change in self-determined exercise motivation using latent growth curve models
- 2015
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few previous studies have targeted how self-determined motivation changes within persons across shorter periods of time (e.g., weeks). Latent growth curve models allow study of within-person change and between-person differences in within-person change over time. The purpose of the study was to study within-person change and between-person differences in change in exercise and motivation in a sample of 2797 exercisers in a natural course of events (i.e. no intervention) over a period of eight weeks. Motivational variables related to self-determination theory were measured by the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) and the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2) and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) was used to assess self-reported exercise level and intensity. The data was analyzed by latent growth curve models in Mplus. The results show significant increase in the average change (mean slope) of psychological need satisfaction whereas there was significant decrease in amotivation. Furthermore, the slopes of variance were significant for all variables except for autonomy, competence and intrinsic motivation, indicating a pattern of heterogeneity in terms of within-person change. No significant changes were detected in exercise level or intensity (METS). The results will be used as reference data in a future intervention study aiming to enhance self-determined exercise motivation in a comparable population.
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| 17. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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EXERCISE MOTIVATION AND BEHAVIOUR: A BRIEF THEORY-BASED INTERVENTION
- 2014
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In: ECSS Amsterdam 2014 Book of Abstracts. - Cologne : European College of Sport Science. ; , s. 501-501
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction The need for adequately designed and well-delivered interventions successfully increasing physical activity and exercise has long been highlighted [1]. Furthermore, interventions based on adequate theory and examined by proper analyses enable researchers to identify central mechanisms of change [2], important for successful intervention design [3]. Methods The present study examined potential effects of a short theory based intervention on exercise motivation and behaviour in a randomized controlled trial design. Self-Determination Theory, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Relapse-Prevention Model were used as guiding frameworks. The research questions concerned whether the intervention would influence (a) exercise level and intensity, (b) motivation quality, (c) autonomy and competence need satisfaction, and (d) potential indirect effects of self-determined motivation on exercise were also examined. The participants (N=64) completed self-reported measures of exercise level and intensity (Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire; LTEQ), of motivational quality (Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2; BREQ-2) and of autonomy and competence need satisfaction (Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale; PNSE) at baseline and after the six weeks of intervention. Results The results showed significant intervention effects for both exercise level and intensity, as well as in motivation quality. Furthermore, the effect of the intervention on exercise was mediated by motivational profile, in particular identified regulation. Discussion Despite the short-term and small scale nature of the intervention, effects were found on exercise behaviour and this effect was mediated by self-determined motivation. The results are generally in line with theoretical expectations from an SDT perspective. Furthermore, the study adds interesting findings of potential mechanisms behind exercise behaviour and motivation. Future research should further explore the theoretical mechanisms of behaviour change in order to facilitate tailoring of effective exercise interventions and enhancing motivation. References 1.WHO, Global recommendations on physical activity for health. 2010, World Health Organization.: Geneva. 2.Rhodes, R.E. and L.A. Pfaeffli, Mediators of physical activity behaviour change among adult non-clinical populations: a review update. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2010. 7: p. 37. 3.Fortier, M.S., et al., Promoting physical activity: development and testing of self-determination theory-based interventions. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2012. 9(20).
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| 18. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Mechanisms in Self-Determined Exercise Motivation: Effects of a Theory Informed Pilot Intervention
- 2017
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In: Current psychology. - New York, NY : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 36:1, s. 90-100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose was to examine the effects of an exercise pilot intervention informed by Self-determination theory. The 64 participants were randomized into experimental and control group. The main questions were whether the intervention would influence (a) exercise level, (b) motivation quality, and (c) autonomy and competence need satisfaction. We also examined the indirect effects of self-determined motivation on exercise. Significant intervention effects were found regarding exercise level and motivation quality. Also, intervention effect on exercise was found to be mediated by motivation quality and identified regulation. The results provide interesting information about the underlying mechanisms involved in exercise behaviour change
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| 19. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Viewing exercise goal content through a person-oriented lens : A self-determination perspective
- 2016
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In: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; :27, s. 85-92
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study examined profiles of exercise goal content and the associations with need satisfaction, motivation regulation and exercise behavior, combining variable-centered and person-centered analytical approaches. The participants were 1084 (279 men and 805 women) Swedish adults, aged between 18 and 78 years, that were all active members of an Internet-based exercise program. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. In SEM analysis intrinsic goals were related to need satisfaction and autonomous motivation, whereas extrinsic goals were most strongly associated with controlled motivation. LPA revealed five unique latent classes of goal content. These five classes differed in need satisfaction, motivation regulation and exercise behavior, with classes being characterized by more intrinsic goal profiles reporting higher need satisfaction and autonomous motivation. The results are discussed from a self-determination theory perspective and the benefits of using both variable and person-centered analytical approaches are highlighted. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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| 20. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Zooming in on the Effects: a Controlled Trial on Motivation and Exercise Behaviour in a Digital Context
- 2018
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In: Current Psychology. - New York : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 37:1, s. 250-262
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study is a description of a short-term digital exercise intervention based on the theoretical framework self-determination theory and tested in a controlled trial. The sample consisted of 318 adult women (n = 279) and men (n = 40) aged 23-67 years (M = 46.7; SD = 9.4) participating in a digital step contest provided by their employer. All participants completed study baseline measures via validated web-based versions of the following instruments: Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2, and Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire. These measures were repeated twice, 3 weeks (post-intervention) and 6 weeks (follow-up) after study baseline. The experimental group had access to the intervention platform for three weeks. Data were analysed by analyses of covariance and mediation variable analysis. Results showed the intervention to affect exercise level and intensity as well as basic psychological need satisfaction and behavioural regulations. Intervention effects on amotivation post-intervention were found to mediate total exercise behaviour at follow-up. Moderation analyses showed intervention effects on light exercise to be stronger for those participants engaging in moderate or high levels of light activities at study baseline. Also, the effect on identified regulation was stronger for those with low levels of identified regulation at study baseline. This study adds to the knowledge on exercise motivation based on short-term intervention effects on level and intensity of exercise and physical activity. The use of mediating and moderating analyses uncover processes underlying the main intervention effects. Findings are discussed in relation to self-determination theory and previous research.
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| 21. |
- Weman Josefsson, Karin, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Zooming in on the effects – Psychological need satisfaction mediates the effects of a digital exercise intervention on motivational regulations and exercise behavior
- 2017
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In: Sport Psychology. - Sevilla : International Society of Sport Psychology. - 9788491482826 ; , s. 309-310
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Examination of the mediating mechanisms within the self-determination theory process model will provide deeper insight in the mechanisms of motivational regulations and psychological need satisfaction. Optimally, such studies should also include examination of action theory links and conceptual theory links to consider theory capacity (Cerin & MacKinnon, 2009). We studied 318 participants (aged 23-67 years) included in a controlled trial testing a digital intervention tool aiming to promote self-determined exercise motivation using 3 wave measurement over the course of 6 weeks. The participants (279 women and 40 men) were randomized into experimental and control group and completed a web-based test battery with the SDT-related measures (Psychological needs in exercise scale, Behavioral regulations in exercise scale -2, and Leisure time exercise questionnaire) at baseline, post intervention (3 weeks) and follow up (6 weeks). Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS macro Process by Hayes (2013). Results showed indirect effects of psychological need satisfaction regarding the effect of the intervention on motivation and exercise behavior at follow up measures. In the group of participants exposed to the intervention, higher levels of autonomy need satisfaction at follow-up predicted lower levels of amotivation and external regulation. In these models we found positive significant action theory links and negative conceptual theory links, showing the intervention to impact autonomy in positive direction, while higher autonomy need satisfaction in turn decreased controlled motivation and amotivation. Higher scores of autonomy need satisfaction at follow-up also predicted higher scores of identified regulation, intrinsic regulation and autonomous motivation. Lower levels of amotivation were linked with higher levels of total exercise. In sum, the results reflect expectations from a a self-determination theory perspective and are in favor of intervention efficacy.
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| 22. |
- Chan, Derwin, et al.
(author)
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Why people failed to adhere to COVID-19 preventive behaviors? Perspectives from an integrated behavior change model
- 2021
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In: Infection control and hospital epidemiology. - New York : Cambridge University Press. - 0899-823X .- 1559-6834. ; 42:3, s. 375-376
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many preventive behaviors such as the practice of hand, personal, and respiratory hygiene; maintaining social distance (eg, staying home); and cleaning and disinfection are recommended for the prevention of the new coronavirus (COVID-19). However, a growing number of reports have revealed individuals’ violations to these COVID-19 preventive behaviors.1 These violations might endanger the community by increasing the risk of an outbreak of COVID-19. The uptake of and adherence to health behaviors, including behaviors related to the prevention of infectious diseases (eg, COVID-19), are likely highly dependent on individuals’ motivation, intention, and other decision-making factors.2 We aim to apply an integrated behavior change model of health psychology to explain why individuals fail to comply and adhere to these behaviors. © 2020 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
- Jonsson, Linus, 1986, et al.
(author)
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Exploring exercise behavior and well-being of Swedish university students - A self-determination perspective
- 2013
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In: Idrottsforum. - Malmö : Malmö universitet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap. - 1652-7224. ; 2013–04–16, s. 1-21
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between motivational profile, self-efficacy, basic needs satisfaction, exercise behavior, and well-being among Swedish university students. A set of the instruments including GLTEQ, SHIS, BPNES, BREQ-2 and BARSE was distributed at a university in southern Sweden. The respondents (n=260) included men (n=122) and women (n=138). For analysis and processing of the gathered data SPSS was used with Pearson’s r and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results showed that competence, autonomy and relatedness were positive predictors of self-determined motivation, whilst identified regulation, intrinsic regulation and barrier self-efficacy were positive predictors for strenuous exercise. Moreover, a regression analysis showed that only competence was a significant predictor for well-being; however, positive correlations were shown between all the basic needs and well-being. Satisfaction of the basic needs seem to result in more self-determined motivation and higher levels of barrier self-efficacy, which in turn increases the number of strenuous exercise sessions per week. Furthermore, satisfaction of the basic needs, especially competence through exercise, appears to be important for university students’ well-being. Strenuous exercise itself may also have the potential to positively influence well-being.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Approaching a broadened view on behavioral regulation in exercise : A closer look at different facets of introjected regulation using the revised BREQ-4
- 2019
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In: Abstract Book.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identifying different types of motivation that regulate behavior in an exercise context has been of high interest in exercise psychology science. One of the most widely used instruments for this purpose is the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2; Markland & Tobin, 2004), which recently has been revised (BREQ-3, Cid et al., 2018) to include also integrated regulation. In previous work, questions have been raised about the nature of introjected regulation, suggesting it can be divided into two different types of regulations, mirroring avoidance and approach. Therefore, BREQ-3 has been further revised to include items that measure: two facets of introjected regulation (approach and avoidance), resulting in a 28-item instrument (named BREQ-4) measuring seven types of exercise regulation.The purpose of this paper is to examine: (i) the factorial structure of the new and revised instrument BREQ-4; and (ii) associations between the two newly developed facets of introjected regulation (approach and avoidance), exercise behavior and the other types of regulation in the context of exercise.Two subsamples, one from the UK consisting of 412 younger (mean age: 21.6 years) adults recruited from various Facebook groups, and one from Sweden, consisting of 369 middle aged (mean age: 40.7) working individuals, also recruited via Facebook, were used. In both samples, data was collected online through Qualtrics. Structural equation modeling was used to examine factorial validity and associations between latent constructs of exercise regulation in BREQ-4 and self-reported exercise behavior.Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 28-item 7-factor model displayed acceptable fit to data in both samples. Configural and metric invariance, but not scalar invariance, between the two samples was established. Avoidance regulation was unrelated to exercise behavior in both samples, whereas approach regulation was weakly and positively associated with exercise in the UK sample. Avoidance and approach was moderately to strongly associated in both samples. In terms of patterns of associations with the other types of regulations, results were similar in both samples: avoidance was more strongly associated with extrinsic regulation whereas approach was more robustly associated with self-determined types of motivation (identified, integrated and intrinsic motivation).
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