| 1. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of chewing on postural stability during quiet standing in healthy young males
- 2015
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Ingår i: Somatosensory & motor research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0899-0220 .- 1369-1651. ; 32:2, s. 72-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: There is an important role of the neck sensory motor system in control of body posture and balance, and it is reasonable to believe that the jaw sensory motor system can directly and indirectly influence the modulation of the postural control system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible effects of dynamic jaw position while chewing on the postural control system. Materials and methods: We compared the mean center of gravity (COG) velocity during quite standing on a foam surface with eyes closed during three test conditions: (i) with resting jaw position, (ii) with open jaw position, and (iii) while chewing standard bolus of chewing gum. One hundred and sixteen normal healthy male subjects (average age 31.56 +/- 8.51 years; height 170.86 +/- 7.26 cm) were recruited for the study. Their COG velocity (deg/s) was measured using the NeuroCom (R) Balance Master Version 8.5.0 (Clackamas, OR, USA). Statistical analysis: Data was tested by the Friedman test. Results and conclusions. The results show that COG velocity decreased significantly while chewing in comparison to both open and resting jaw position (p < 0.0001). Our finding corroborates previous studies and suggests that the jaw sensory motor system can modulate postural control mechanisms. Gum chewing activity can enhance the postural stability during upright standing on an unstable surface and in the absence of visual input in healthy young adults. Our results should be taken into consideration in treatment and rehabilitation planning for patients with postural instability.
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| 2. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of face veil on ventilatory function among Saudi adult females
- 2012
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Ingår i: Pakistan journal of medical sciences print. - 1682-024X .- 1681-715X. ; 28:1, s. 71-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The use of face veil called "niqab" by women to cover their faces at public places is a common practice in some Muslim communities. The long-term effect of niqab use on ventilatory function (VF) has not previously been reported. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare VF between niqab wearing and non-niqab wearing healthy Saudi females. Methodology: Thirty eight healthy adult Saudi females participated in this study. Nineteen subjects were regular niqab users and the other nineteen were either not using niqab at all or used it for less than one hour per day. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (%), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were recorded using a digital spirometer. Results: Mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC (%) and MVV for niqab wearers were significantly lower than the corresponding values for non-niqab wearers. Significant negative correlation was found between the FVC and FEV1 values and the number of hours of the use of face veil per day. Conclusions: Long-term use of traditional niqab use can affect VF.
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| 3. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of sitting postures and shoulder position on the cervicocephalic kinesthesia in healthy young males
- 2016
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Ingår i: Somatosensory & motor research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0899-0220 .- 1369-1651. ; 33:2, s. 93-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information about head orientation, position, and movement with respect to the trunk relies on the visual, vestibular, extensive muscular, and articular proprioceptive system of the neck. Various factors can affect proprioception since it is the function of afferent integration, and tuning of muscular and articular receptors. Pain, muscle fatigue, and joint position have been shown to affect proprioceptive capacity. Thus, it can be speculated that changes in body posture can alter the neck proprioception. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of body posture on cervicocephalic kinesthetic sense in healthy subjects. Cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility was measured by the kinesthetic sensibility test in healthy young adults while in (a) habitual slouched sitting position with arms hanging by the side (SS), (b) habitual slouched sitting position with arms unloaded (supported) (SS-AS), and (c) upright sitting position with arms hanging by the side (US) during maximum and 30 degree right, left rotations, flexion, and extension. Thirty healthy male adults (mean age 27.83; SD 3.41) volunteered for this study. The least mean error was found for the SS-AS position (0.48; SD 0.24), followed by SS (0.60; SD 0.43) and US (0.96; SD 0.71), respectively. For all test conditions, there was significant difference in mean absolute error while head repositioning from maximum and 30 degree rotation during SS and SS-AS positions (p<0.05). In conclusion, body posture can affect the proprioception function of the neck. Supporting the upper extremities in such a way that their weight is unloaded, which leads to reduction in the tension between the neck and shoulder girdle, can improve cervicocephalic kinesthetic sense in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The findings of this study can be implemented in people who have to do repeated arm and neck movements, by using ergonomically effective chairs with proper arm supports. This might help in prevention and treatment of neck pain.
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| 4. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of upright and slouch sitting postures and voluntary teeth clenching on hand grip strength in young male adults
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. - : IOS PRESS. - 1053-8127 .- 1878-6324. ; 30:5, s. 961-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Estimation of handgrip strength (HGS) is routinely used by clinicians and epidemiologists for objective assessment of functional status of hand and upper extremity. It is also used as an indirect indicator of overall physical strength and health status in variety of clinical situations and chronic general medical conditions. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to examine the effects of upright and slouch sitting postures and voluntary teeth clenching on hand grip strength in healthy young male subjects. METHODS: One hundred healthy young males (aged 18-30 years) participated in this study. The HGS was measured using a commercially available dynamometer for the dominant hand. The HGS was measured during four test conditions; (a) slouch sitting without teeth contact, (b) slouch sitting with teeth clenching, (c) upright sitting without teeth contact, and (d) upright sitting with teeth clenching. RESULTS: The HGS values were significantly higher during slouch than upright sitting posture, both during similar and opposite teeth related conditions (p < 0.001). Teeth clenching had no effect on the in HGS values during slouch or upright sitting posture (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As compared to upright sitting, higher HGS values can be obtained during slouch sitting in young healthy males. Teeth clenching does not affect the HGS values during slouch or upright sitting posture.
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| 5. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad H., et al.
(författare)
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Can jaw position affect the fine motor activity of the hand during writing?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain and Behavior. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2162-3279 .- 2162-3279. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Jaw and neck systems have been shown to be functionally related and changes in either system can modulate gross motor functions, such as posture control. It remains to be seen if any change in jaw position can affect fine motor skills. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of resting, open and clenched jaw positions on various handwriting parameters while standing on firm and unstable surfaces.Methods: Handwriting samples were collected from 36 healthy male participants (age, 15-35 years) using a digitizer tablet (WACOM Intuos 4) with noninking pen in the resting, open and clenched jaw positions while standing on firm and unstable surfaces. The measured handwriting parameters included duration, vertical size, horizontal size, absolute size, average absolute velocity, and absolute jerk. Recordings and analyses were performed using NeuroScript MovAlyzeR software.Results: All handwriting parameters varied among the resting, open, and clenched jaw positions on both the firm and unstable surfaces. However, based on statistical analyses, there were no significant differences in the handwriting parameters among three jaw positions on both surfaces (p > .05).Conclusion: This study revealed that all handwriting parameters varied among the resting, open, and clenched jaw positions on both the firm and unstable surfaces, showing that change in the jaw motor system may potentially affect the fine motor skills. However, on statistical analysis, there was no significant effect of 3 studied jaw positions on fine motor skills as seen on gross motor skills among healthy individuals.
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| 6. |
- Alghadir, A. H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of localised vibration on muscle strength in healthy adults : a systematic review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy. - : Elsevier. - 0031-9406 .- 1873-1465. ; 104:1, s. 18-24
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To investigate the effects of local vibration on muscle strength in healthy adults.Data sources The electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using a combination of the following keywords: vibration, vibration therapy, power, maximal voluntary contraction, performance, rate of force development and vibratory exercise. In addition, the Medical Subject Headings 'vibration', 'strength' and 'exercise' were used. The bibliographical search was limited to articles published in English.Study selection Trials that evaluated the effect of localised vibration on muscle strength in healthy humans were included.Data extraction Two independent evaluators verified the quality of the selected studies using the PEDro Scale and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. Muscle strength was calculated for each intervention.Results In total, 29 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. Eighteen studies did not match the inclusion criteria, and were excluded. The 11 studies included in this review had an average PEDro score of 5.36/10. Most of the studies reported significant improvements in muscle strength after the application of local vibration. There was considerable variation in the vibration training parameters and target muscle location.Conclusions The use of local vibration on the target muscle can enhance muscle strength in healthy adults. Further well-designed controlled studies are required to confirm the effect of local vibration training on muscle strength.
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| 7. |
- Alghadir, A. H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of quadriceps and hamstrings muscle cooling on standing balance in healthy young men
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions - JMNI. - : JMNI. - 1108-7161. ; 17:3, s. 176-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The present study compared the effect of quadriceps and hamstring muscle cooling on standing balance in healthy young men.Methods: Thirty healthy young men (18-30 years) participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10 each): quadriceps cooling (QC), hamstring cooling (HC), or control group (no cooling). Participants in the QC and HC groups received 20 minutes of cooling using a cold pack (gel pack), placed on the anterior thigh (from the apex of the patella to the mid-thigh) and the posterior thigh (from the base of the popliteal fossa to the mid-thigh), respectively. Balance score including unilateral stance was measured at baseline and immediately after the application of the cold pack.Results: No significant difference in the balance score was noted in any group after the application of the cold pack (p>0.05). Similarly, no significant differences in post-test balance score were noted among the three groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: Cooling of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles has no immediate effect on standing balance in healthy young men. However, longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the long-term effects of cooling these muscles on standing balance.
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| 8. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of three different jaw positions on postural stability during standing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Functional Neurology. - 0393-5264 .- 1971-3274. ; 30:1, s. 53-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies in the literature show that jaw and neck regions are linked anatomically, biomechanically and neurologically. Voluntary clenching has been shown to improve muscle strength and performance of various motor tasks. Information from the neck sensory-motor system is reported to be important for posture. Hence it is reasonable to believe that activation of the jaw sensory-motor system has the potential to modulate posture. In a sample of 116 healthy subjects, we compared center of gravity (COG) velocity during quiet standing on a foam surface during three test positions: i) resting jaw, ii) open jaw, and iii) clenching; these were tested in two conditions: with eyes open and with eyes closed. The COG velocity decreased significantly during clenching in comparison to both open and resting jaw positions (p<0.0001). This suggests that the jaw sensory-motor system can modulate postural mechanisms. We conclude that jaw clenching can enhance postural stability during standing on an unstable surface in both the presence and absence of visual input in healthy adults and suggest that this should be taken into consideration in treatment and rehabilitation planning for patients with postural instability.
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| 9. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of tongue position on postural stability during quiet standing in healthy young males
- 2015
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Ingår i: Somatosensory & motor research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0899-0220 .- 1369-1651. ; 32:3, s. 183-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Role of the neck and jaw sensory motor system in control of body balance has been established. Tongue is an integral part of jaw sensory motor system and helps in execution of purposeful and precise motor tasks like eating, drinking and speaking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of tongue position on the postural control system. Materials and method: We compared the mean center of gravity (COG) velocity during quiet standing on an unstable surface with eyes closed during two test conditions: (i) with habitual jaw resting position and (ii) with instructed tongue positioned against the upper incisors. One hundred and sixteen normal healthy male subjects (average age 31.56 +/- 8.51 years and height 170.86 +/- 7.26 cm) participated in the study. Their COG velocity (deg/s) was measured using the NeuroCom (R) Balance Master version 8.5.0 (Clackamas, OR, USA). Results and conclusions: The results show that COG velocity decreased significantly while tongue was positioned against upper incisors in comparison to the habitual jaw resting position. Our findings suggest that the tongue positioning can modulate postural control mechanisms. Tongue positioning against the upper incisors can enhance the postural stability during upright standing on an unstable surface and in the absence of vision in healthy young adults. Our findings can be of value for evaluation and rehabilitation protocols for postural control dysfunction.
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| 10. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of voluntary teeth clenching and sitting posture on maximal static force of limb muscles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - Turin : Edizioni Minerva Medica. - 0022-4707 .- 1827-1928. ; 59:5, s. 774-778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: People clench their teeth to activate facial, neck and abdominal muscles when they need to generate heavy muscle force against large resistance like lifting heavy objects, in order to gain possible ergogenic advantage. These are termed as remote voluntary contractions. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of voluntary teeth clenching on maximal voluntary contraction of extensors and flexors of the knee, shoulder and elbow joints of the dominant side during slouch and unsupported upright sitting.METHODS: One hundred healthy young male adults (mean age 23.3 years) participated in this study. Maximal voluntary contraction was measured using a hand-held dynamometer.RESULTS: Jaw clenching caused different ergogenic effect during slouch versus unsupported sitting postures. The data revealed that during unsupported upright sitting, the effect of jaw clenching consistently results in larger maximal voluntary contraction of both extensor and flexor muscles of all the three studied joints. However, during slouch sitting, only the maximal voluntary contraction of extensors of elbow and flexors of knee were larger with clenched teeth position.CONCLUSIONS: Jaw clenching can affect the maximal voluntary contraction of limb muscles which is sitting posture dependent. Jaw clenching can consistently facilitate certain muscles of the upper and lower limbs to generate greater force production during upright sitting.
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| 11. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad H., et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of Overseas Trained Physical Therapists Working in Saudi Arabia : An Observational Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health professionals, including physical therapists (PTs), are known to migrate for better jobs, as well as for personal and professional development. However, this involves risks of maladjustment, discrimination, and exploitation. We conducted this study to investigate the experiences of overseas trained PTs in Saudi Arabia (SA) and their perceptions about physical therapy practice and problems regarding the profession in the country.Methods: A questionnaire and accompanying explanation of the study was sent to 175 members of the Saudi Physical Therapy Association (SPTA) working in SA who had been trained outside SA and had a minimum of one year of work experience before moving to SA.Results: One hundred and fifty (86%) respondents completed the questionnaire. Among the respondents, the majority had more than five years of work experience after moving to SA. While 54% of the respondents reported that they were satisfied with their work experiences in SA, the remaining respondents reported their dissatisfaction for various reasons.Conclusions: With the increase in aged population and rise in disability, the need for PTs has simultaneously increased in the health care sector around the world, including in SA. Until PTs of local origin are ready to fill the requirements, the services of PTs from other countries will be required in SA. Although the majority of respondents reported having positive work experiences in SA, the negative aspects and challenges faced by PTs in SA have also been highlighted in this study. These problems need to be addressed in order to promote the development of a better and more holistic approach to patient care.
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| 12. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Physical therapy education in Saudi Arabia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Therapy Science. - : Society of Physical Therapy Science. - 0915-5287 .- 2187-5626. ; 27:5, s. 1621-1623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [Purpose] To review the physical therapy educational program model, professional curriculum, and gender representation at major universities, as well as the quality and scope of physical therapy practice in Saudi Arabia. [Methods] Information regarding course curriculum, gender representation, and the quality and scope of physical therapy practice was collected from six universities in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Physical Therapy Association, and the Saudi Health Commission. [Results] The first bachelor's degree course of physical therapy was started in Saudi Arabia more than 30 years ago. In the last 10 years, the number of universities offering a bachelor's degree in physical therapy has risen from 6 to 16, of which 14 are governmental and two are private. The 5- to 6 year bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy includes an internship and preparatory prerequisite courses. Postgraduate study in physical therapy was introduced in 2000. Most universities offer segregated physical therapy courses for male and female students. [Conclusion] The enrollment of students in physical therapy programs in Saudi Arabia is gradually increasing. There are many opportunities to extend the scope of practice and contribute to the health needs of the Arab population and international communities.
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| 13. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-Based Differences in Lung Functions of Saudi Adults
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Therapy Science. - Tokyo : Society of Physical Therapy Science. - 0915-5287 .- 2187-5626. ; 24:1, s. 5-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [Background] Sex-based differences in lung function are known. [Purpose] To investigate sex-based differences in ventilatory function among Saudi adults, anti to relate it to their level of physical activity. [Subjects and Methods] Seventy healthy Saudi adult subjects (35 males and 35 females) participated in this study. Measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEVI). FEVI/FVC%, and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were made. In addition, physical activity scores (MET-minutes/week) were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). [Results] The studied parameters were significantly higher for males than for females. The female values were significantly lower even after the male values were adjusted to compensate for gender-based anatomical and physiological differences in lung capacity. The MET-minutes/week was significantly higher for males than for females, but it was not significantly correlated with the pulmonary function parameters of either gender. [Conclusions] There are sex-based differences in lung function parameters of Saudi adults, with higher values for males. This difference in lung function tests between the genders is greater than the known anatomical and physiological differences in the respiratory systems of males and females. Saudi males are more physically active than females but no significant correlation between pulmonary function parameters and physical activity score was found for either gender.
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| 14. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Work-Related Low Back Pain Among Physical Therapists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- 2017
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Ingår i: Workplace Health & Safety. - : SAGE Publications. - 2165-0799 .- 2165-0969. ; 65:8, s. 337-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem. Professions like physical therapy (PT), involving frequent lifting, bending, or standing, are at risk for developing LBP. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of work-related LBP and factors associated with and consequences of work-related LBP among physical therapists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered online questionnaire (i.e., demographic data, history of LBP before and after working as a physical therapist, work setting, and effect on daily activities) was sent to 600 members of the Saudi PT association. Data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. Eighty-eight percent of potential respondents completed the questionnaire. Of these, 89.65% of the therapists reported LBP after beginning their PT practice, and 35.6% reported LBP at the time of this survey. Gender, PT specialty, and duration of contact with patients were all found to be related to LBP. The prevalence of work-related LBP among physical therapist in Riyadh was high, affecting patient care and daily activities of the therapists. Both primary and secondary prevention strategies (e.g., introduce ergonomics into PT curricula, reduce therapist stress, and promote teamwork) are needed to decrease LBP among therapists, so they can effectively care for patients.
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| 15. |
- Alghadir, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Therapy Science. - : Society of Physical Therapy Science. - 0915-5287 .- 2187-5626. ; 27:4, s. 1107-1112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [Purpose] Musculoskeletal disorders are common causes of work-related disability in different professions involving the frequent practice of lifting, stooping, twisting, prolonged sitting, or standing. The dental profession is one such profession. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia, the factors associated with them, and their consequences and to propose preventive measures for them.[Subjects and Methods] A self-administered online questionnaire was sent to 225 members of the Saudi Dental Association. It included questions on demographic and professional characteristics, general medical history, and history of work-related musculoskeletal disorders before and after joining the dental profession.[Results] The questionnaire was completed by 65% of the respondents. Among them 85% reported that they had developed some pain due to work after joining the dental profession, and 42% reported that they were suffering pain at the time of the survey. Besides lower back, shoulder, and neck regions, the hands, upper back, and other regions like the elbows, buttocks, thighs, leg, and feet were areas in which they pain.[Conclusion] The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia is high, affecting their daily activities, sometimes even forcing them to change their work setting. Age, gender, specialty of work, work setting, number of contact hours with patients, etc., were all found to be related to their work-related pain. We need to emphasize the role of ergonomics, counseling, proper techniques of patient handling, etc., during the training of dental professionals so that they can work efficiently.
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| 16. |
- Almosa, Naif A., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of knowledge about dental ergonomics among dental students of King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. - : Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing. - 1526-3711. ; 20:3, s. 324-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To assess the knowledge about dental ergonomics and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) among dental students of King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, undergoing practical clinical training.Materials and methods: A self-designed questionnaire after pre-testing was distributed to 150 dental students of KSU undergoing clinical training, to collect data related to (a) basic knowledge about dental ergonomics; (b) any course/workshop about dental ergonomics attended; (c) basic knowledge about WRMSDs; (d) familiarity about preventive measures to decrease the risk of WRMSDs; and (e) knowledge about treatment options for WRMSDs.Results: One hundred forty-two students (95%) returned the completed questionnaires, of them 54 (38%) were males and 88 (62%) were females. The main findings of the study are that only 30% of the students knew about dental ergonomics; 93% of students have not attended any course/workshop about dental ergonomics; about half the students knew about WRMSDs; 62% of the students did not know about preventive measures to decrease the risk of WRMSDs, and 80% of students did not have knowledge about treatment options for WRMSDs. In general, female students had a better understanding of dental ergonomics and WRMSDs than male students.Conclusion: The basic knowledge of the dental ergonomics among dental students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is not adequate.Clinical significance: There is a need for introducing dedicated theoretical and practical courses covering all aspects of dental ergonomics in the undergraduate curriculum of dental education.
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| 17. |
- Almosa, Naif, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of orthodontic brackets detachment during orthodontic treatment : A systematic review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pakistan journal of medical sciences print. - : Professional Medical Publications. - 1682-024X .- 1681-715X. ; 34:3, s. 744-750
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of orthodontic brackets detachment during orthodontic treatment.Methods: Using electronic databases; eligible studies up to January 2018 were retrieved, independently reviewed, and screened. The Coleman Methodology Scoring System (CMS) and Cochrane Collaboration's tool were used to assess quality and risk of bias in the included studies.Results: Of the seventeen studies included in the final synthesis, thirteen were categorized as randomized clinical trials (RCTs), one prospective cohort and retrospective survey each, whereas two studies could not be categorized. The number of patients in the selected studies ranged between 19 and 153; the mean age was between 10.5 to 38.7 years, and male to female ratio was 353:495. Almost all studies had a high risk of bias, and more than half of the studies had CMS score of 70 or above. The numbers of brackets examined in the studies ranged between 361 and 3336. The incidence of brackets detachment ranged from 0.6 to 28.3%.Conclusions: The incidence of brackets detachment during orthodontic treatment is high.
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| 18. |
- Almudhi, Abdulaziz, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of maximally relaxed lying posture on the severity of stuttering in young adults who stutter
- 2021
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Ingår i: Motor Control. - : Human Kinetics. - 1087-1640 .- 1543-2696. ; 25:2, s. 337-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of maximally relaxed lying posture on disfluencies in young adults who stutter. A total of 24 participants (17 males, seven females; mean age = 24.9 ± 6.2 years) with developmental stuttering were a part of the study. The participants were asked to perform spontaneous speaking and reading aloud tasks in standard sitting and maximally relaxed lying postures. The severity of stuttering for the studied postures was estimated by using the Stuttering Severity Instrument. The results on the Stuttering Severity Instrument showed that stuttering parameters improved during the maximally relaxed lying posture compared with the standard sitting position. The results are discussed in the light of motor control concepts. It is concluded that the maximally relaxed lying posture can facilitate improvement in stuttering scores during spontaneous speaking as well as reading aloud in young adults who stutter. Reduced stuttering scores in the maximally relaxed lying posture suggest that speech therapists can position participants in this position while treating people who stutter.
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| 19. |
- Anwar, Sahreen, et al.
(författare)
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Intrarater reliability of cervical range of motion device in measuring cervical active range of motion in patients with chronic neck pain and respiratory dysfunction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care. - : Faculty of Anaesthesia, Pain and Intensive Care, AFMS. - 1607-8322 .- 2220-5799. ; 26:4, s. 503-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Assessment of cervical active range of motion (CAROM) in three planes was one of the primary outcome measures used by the clinicians.Methodology: We enrolled 30 patients (14 males and 16 females) with chronic neck pain and respiratory dysfunction fulfilling inclusion criteria. Two trials of CAROM measurement for flexion, extension, left and right lateral flexion and left and right rotation were performed, with a gap of one week to measure test retest reliability of CROM device. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard errors of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to test the intrarater reliability.Results: Intrarater reliability of repeated measurements of CAROM using the CROM device was found to be good. The ICC values ranged between 0.88-0.97 for flexion, 0.93-0.98 for extension, 0.92-0.98 for right lateral flexion,0.93-0.98 for left lateral flexion. For right rotation it was 0.88-0.97, for left lateral rotation it was 0.95-0.99. The standard error of measurement for these movements ranged from 1.5° to 2.9°. Minimal detectable change ranged from 3.5°for extension to 6.8°for left lateral flexion.Conclusion: Cervical range of motion device is a reliable tool for measuring cervical active range of motion in patients simultaneously suffering from chronic neck pain and respiratory dysfunction.
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| 20. |
- Anwer, Shahnawaz, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of whole body vibration training on quadriceps muscle strength in individuals with knee osteoarthritis : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9406 .- 1873-1465. ; 102:2, s. 145-151
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Several studies have reported the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) training on muscle strength. This systematic review investigates the current evidence regarding the effects of WBV training on quadriceps muscle strength in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Data sources We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PEDro, and Science citation index for research articles published prior to March 2015 using the keywords whole body vibration, vibration training, strength and vibratory exercise in combination with the Medical Subject Heading 'Osteoarthritis knee'. Study selection This meta-analysis was limited to randomized controlled trials published in the English language. Data extraction The quality of the selected studies was assessed by two independent evaluators using the PEDro scale and criteria given by the International Society of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions (ISMNI) for reporting WBV intervention studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration's tool for domain-based evaluation. Isokinetic quadriceps muscle strength was calculated for each intervention. Results Eighteen studies were identified in the search. Of these, four studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of these four studies reached high methodological quality on the PEDro scale. Out of the four studies, only one study found significantly greater quadriceps muscle strength gains following WBV compared to the control group. Conclusions In three of the four studies that compared a control group performing the same exercise as the WBV groups, no additional effect of WBV on quadriceps muscle strength in individuals with knee OA was indicated.
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| 21. |
- Batool, Sana, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of visual scanning exercises in addition to task specific approach on balance and activities of daily livings in post stroke patients with eye movement disorders : a randomized controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2377. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Impaired vision is one of the commonest and most disabling consequence following stroke. Among all visual impairments, eye movement disorders are found in 70% of stroke patients which include nystagmus, strabismus, gaze palsies, disconjugate eye movements and cranial nerve palsies. They have a wide ranging impact on balance and activities of daily livings by creating difficulties in maintaining normal alignment and appropriate movement of eyes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of visual scanning exercises in addition to task specific approach on balance and activities of daily livings in post stroke patients with eye movement disorders.METHODS: This study is a randomized controlled trial and was conducted in the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital from May 2019 to October 2020. A sample of 64 patients was recruited and randomly allocated into experimental and control group. 32 patients in experimental group were treated with visual scanning exercises along with task specific approach and 32 patients in control group were treated with task specific approach alone. Pre and post assessment of balance and activities of daily livings was assessed on BERG BALANCE SCALE and BARTHEL INDEX SCALE at baseline and at 4th week.RESULTS: Intra-group analysis of BERG BALANCE SCALE in experimental group showed statistically significant result (p < 0.05) in all items except in items 4, 13 and 14 respectively. Intra-group analysis of BERG BALANCE SCALE in control group showed statistically significant result (p < 0.05) in items 3, 5, 8 and 12 respectively, whereas remaining all items showed statistically insignificant result. Intra-group analysis of BARTHEL INDEX SCALE in experimental group showed statistically significant result in all items (p < 0.05) except in items 9 and 10 respectively. Intra-group analysis of BARTHEL INDEX in control group showed statistically significant result (p < 0.05) in items 1, 3, 4 and 8 respectively whereas remaining all items showed statistically insignificant result. Inter-group analysis showed statistically significant result in total scores of BERG BALANCE SCALE (p = 0.000) and BARTHEL INEX SCALE (p = 0.033).CONCLUSION: Visual scanning exercises along with task specific approach were found to be more effective in comparison to task specific approach alone.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration number: [IRCT20190717044237N1], trial registration date: 10/11/2019.
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| 22. |
- Batool, Sana, et al.
(författare)
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Intrarater and interrater reliability of the dynamic gait index in post stroke patients with eye movement disorders
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. - : Elsevier. - 1360-8592 .- 1532-9283. ; 35, s. 38-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) is a useful tool that has been evaluated for its reliability in patients with vestibular disorders, elderly people and, in chronic stroke population. Present study was aimed to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of the DGI to measure dynamic balance and gait performance in stroke patients with eye movement disorders. Methods: A sample of 30 stroke patients suffering from eye movement disorders were recruited. Two Physical therapists assessed the intrarater and interrater reliability of the DGI in two testing sessions three days apart. In the later session, two raters assessed the patients' performance simultaneously on the DGI. The reliability was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2, 1). Standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC95) at 95% confidence interval were also calculated. A significance level was set at p-value <0.05. Results: The (ICC2, 1) for intrarater and interrater reliability of total DGI scores was 0.86 and 0.91 respectively. While (ICC2, 1) for intrarater and interrater reliability of individual items ranged from 0.73 to 0.91 to 0.73–0.93, respectively. The (SEM) and (MDC95) for intrarater reliability of total DGI scores were 0.76 and 2.10, respectively. Corresponding values for interrater reliability were 0.62 and 1.71, respectively. Conclusions: The DGI is a reliable tool for evaluating the dynamic balance and gait performance in stroke patients with eye movement disorders. This tool showed good to excellent intrarater and interrater reliability of total DGI scores and moderate to good intrarater and interrater reliability of individual items of the DGI.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Eriksson, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Deranged jaw-neck motor control in whiplash-associated disorders
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 112:1, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent findings of simultaneous and well coordinated head-neck movements during single as well as rhythmic jaw opening-closing tasks has led to the conclusion that 'functional jaw movements' are the result of activation of jaw as well as neck muscles, leading to simultaneous movements in the temporomandibular, atlanto-occipital and cervical spine joints. It can therefore be assumed that disease or injury to any of these joint systems would disturb natural jaw function. To test this hypothesis, amplitudes, temporal coordination, and spatiotemporal consistency of concomitant mandibular and head-neck movements during single maximal jaw opening-closing tasks were analysed in 25 individuals suffering from whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) using optoelectronic movement recording technique. In addition, the relative durations for which the head position was equal to, leading ahead of, or lagging behind the mandibular position during the entire jaw opening-closing cycle were determined. Compared with healthy individuals, the WAD group showed smaller amplitudes, and changed temporal coordination between mandibular and head-neck movements. No divergence from healthy individuals was found for the spatiotemporal consistency or for the analysis during the entire jaw opening-closing cycle. These findings in the WAD group of a 'faulty', but yet consistent, jaw-neck behavior may reflect a basic importance of linked control of the jaw and neck sensory-motor systems. In conclusion, the present results suggest that neck injury is associated with deranged control of mandibular and head-neck movements during jaw opening-closing tasks, and therefore might compromise natural jaw function.
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| 25. |
- Eriksson, Per-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Instant reduction in postural sway during quiet standing by intraoral dental appliance in patients with Whiplash associated Disorders and non-trauma neck pain
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0003-9969 .- 1879-1506. ; 97, s. 109-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that modulation of jaw sensorimotor control by intraoral dental appliance can reduce postural sway during quiet standing and hence improve standing balance, in patients with whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and non-trauma neck pain. Design: Postural sway during quiet standing with feet together was examined in 54 WAD patients (40 females) and 10 non-trauma patients (8 females) using wireless 3D movement recording technique. Recordings were performed alternating without and with intraoral dental appliance, and with closed eyes and open eyes, respectively. In this protocol the participants served as their own controls. A reference group of 30 healthy subjects (17 females) was also recorded. Each recording lasted 120 s, followed by 3-5 min of rest. Speed, acceleration and perimeter of postural sway area were documented. Results: In the patients, but not in the healthy group, the intraoral dental appliance instantly and significantly reduced standing postural sway in recordings with closed and open eyes. Conclusions: The prompt reduction in standing postural sway from intervention by intraoral dental appliance i.e. improved standing balance, suggests a potent effect on the postural control system by modulation of the jaw sensorimotor system, probably involving reflex transmission. The result opens for new insight into mechanisms behind postural control and the pathophysiology of balance disorders, and adds to the knowledge on plasticity of the nervous system. It may help developing new procedures for assessment and management of impaired balance in WAD and non-trauma neck pain patients.
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