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- Bengtsson, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Conformity assessment for machine graded timber by using output control
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the Nordic countries machine strength grading of structural timber is becoming increasingly important. A new standard, EN 14081, which allows CE-marking of strength graded structural timber was recently accepted. This standard allows both machine control and output control as methods for controlling the graded timber. Machine control is most commonly used in Europe. The project reported here deals with output control. This method is commonly used in for example USA. Theoretical studies carried out within this project show that applying output control gives higher yield, especially in high strength classes. A document describing the implementation of the output control procedure is written and given in Appendix 1 of this report.
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- Strömgren, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Bärförmåga vid brand i hallbyggnader med samlingslokal (Br2)
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Structural fire safety in Sweden for one- and two-story assembly hall buildings have been studied with regards to recent concerns regarding a large variation in the interpretation of the regulations and the resulting fire protection of the buildings. The study has been divided into three parts. First, an analysis of the current national regulations and identification of unclear paragraphs has been performed where input was gathered from practitioners and other stakeholders. Secondly, more than twenty fire safety design documents were analyzed with regards to verification, documentation and fulfilment of the regulations. The results from the analysis revealed that there is no connection between the size of deviation from prescriptive regulations and the level of verification that is required in the regulations. Thirdly, an international comparison of safety levels was conducted, revealing that Swedish requirements are on average level with a base requirement of R 30, i.e. that structures should withstand the standard fire temporary curve for 30 minutes. However, the possibilities for alternative solutions with little or no fire protection of the structure are fewer and more complicated in Sweden than in manyother countries.
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Aktivt åldrande – individuellt anpassade måltidslösningar för hälsa och livskvalitet hos äldre : slutrapport
- 2016
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden, as most parts of the world, the proportion of elderly is increasing. Thenumber of the elderly will shortly exceed the number of younger people. Between2010 and 2030, the number of Europeans aged over 65 will rise by nearly 40%.According to the UN, the increase in life expectancy is mainly due toimprovements in nutrition and hygiene. The growing number of older peopleposes major challenges, but also opportunities for society, business andentrepreneurship.Health issues, primarily food, and quality of life are in focus and strongly relatedto autonomy. It should be possible to live an active and independent life, andpossible to make independent choices, regardless of age, disease and disability.This adds to Quality of Life! To achieve this we created a project in collaborationbetween partners from academia, research institutes, business, industry andsociety. The idea was in a first step to identify target groups along with their needsand desires. Then to design foods and meals adapted to the elderly’s needs andpreferences. Further to develop packaging of the meals that can be used forinformation as well as in the distribution chain. The project invented value chainsfor different types of ordering and distribution of the foods and meals as well as toinclude waste management. The outcome of the project are new knowledge aswell as food products available on the market and other products soon ready to beput on the market.
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- Andersson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Camera-based Colour Contrast Evaluation
- 2012
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This project studies whether or not a digital camera can be used to evaluate colour difference or colour contrast. When characterizing a test object that changes colour over time it is not always possible to do a normal colour measurement with a spectroradiometer. The alternative could be to use film or rapid fire photography to record the changes and extract the colour data from the digital information. This project involves development of a method where spectroradiometric data of a colour chart is compared to digital data taken from photos and film of the same colour chart using Photoshop. In each measurement 22 colours have been evaluated by calculating the colour difference between a direct spectroradiometric measurement of a single colour and data taken from Photoshop of that same colour. The data is compared in the CIELAB colour space using the ?E94 metric which should faithfully represent how the human eye perceives colour difference. Three sets of measurements are made .Two sets where the spectroradiometric data is compared to data from still photos, first with photos directly from the camera and then with RAW-data from the camera. The third measurement compared the spectroradiometric data with data from a frame from a video. The results show that the 22 colours are reproduced with varying degrees of accuracy in photos and video compared to a direct measurement using a spectroradiometer. For the two photo measurements the results span from ?E94 = 0.82 for the best colour reproduction to ?E94 = 17.01 for the worst reproduction. The average deviation was ?E94 = 7.48 and ?E94 = 8.46 respectively where a colour difference of ?E94 =1.0 is considered a just noticeable difference. For video the deviation spans from ?E94 = 4.89 to ?E94 = 18.11 with an average deviation of ?E94 = 11.59. ?E94 has also been used to evaluate how the colour contrast between two different colours differ between the spectroradiometric measurement and data from Photoshop. The results show that for photos the colour contrast deviates quite a bit between the two methods. A deeper evaluation of the video method shows that as long as the contrast between two colours is small the deviation compared to the spectroradiometric measurement will also be small.
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- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Mätteknik för processindustrin
- 2010
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- En lärobok (främst riktad till yrkeshögskolan) om hur man undviker mätfel, om olika mätprinciper och om hur mätutrustning av olika slag bäst används och monteras. Främst handlar det om temperatur, tryck, flöde och nivå men även annat som finns i en processindustri.
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| 44. |
- Andersson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Fönsterlyft
- 2013
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detta projekt syftar till vidareutveckling av en uppfinning som har potential att väsentligen förenkla och effektivisera ett arbetsmoment, att lyfta av och på utåtgående sidohängda fönster, som är ett välkänt arbetsmiljöproblem. Resultatet från undersökningen visar att verktyget har utvecklingsmöjligheter och att radikalt minskar de ergonomiska problemen och att användningen kan ge goda möjligheter att effektivisera arbetet. Verktyget måste betraktas som ett lyftredskap och omfattas av därför av ett regelverk som innebär att vissa kriterier måste uppfyllas. Undersökningar i detta projekt visar att verktyget uppfyller de formella krav som ställs på det. Undersökningen visar också att det fungerar på avsett sätt dvs för att lyfta ur och sätta tillbaka utåtgående sidohängda fönster. Verktyget har provats av branschfolk som varit positiva till lösningen men bedömt den som svår att använda beroende på att den består av för många delar och att det är en stor förändring jämför med dagens arbetssätt med två man i arbetslaget. Med hänsyn tagen till de synpunkter som kommit från branschfolk i detta projekt är ett naturligt nästa steg att förenkla och anpassa verktyget till ett tvåmansverktyg. Verktyget blir då mer lättanvänt för ett arbetslag på två personer. Tillverkningskostnaden blir dessutom lägre för det anpassade verktyget. Om den förenklade lösningen får ett genomslag på marknaden innebär detta att företaget kommer igång med försäljning och produktion. I ett senare skede kan företaget vidareutveckla och marknadsintroducera det enmans-verktyg som var ursprunget till detta projekt och som fortfarande bedöms vara den allra effektivaste lösningen för arbetsmomentet att lyfta av och på fönster.
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| 45. |
- Andersson, Lars
(författare)
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Packages for liquids - Internal Pressure Test
- 2008
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basic requirements for transport of dangerous gods are that a packaging shall be able to withstand certain mechanical and chemical stresses, as stated in SRVFS 2006:7. The requirements shall guarantee a reasonable level of protection for both humans and environment and is intended to create a system taking into account different types of substances and packaging. Principles for classification, packing requirements, testing procedures shall be simple and clear and guarantee that a minimum level of safety can be achieved without advanced technical equipment and expertise. No requirements concerning test temperatures are given in the regulations but in the standard SS-EN-ISO 16104:2003 “Packaging – Transport packaging for dangerous goods – Test Methods” the internal hydraulic pressure test, for plastics drums, jerricans and composite packaging, shall be performed at a temperature of +12 °C, otherwise the internal test pressure shall be adjusted with a pressurization factor corresponding to the temperatures used in the test. At temperatures below +12 +/- 2 °C the test pressure is increased and if the temperature is higher the pressure is lowered. Correction factors exist from +2 °C to +20 °C, and for all temperatures above +20 °C the correction factor is the same as for +20 °C. Neither ADR, IMDG-code, ICAO-TI or the UN-recommendations recommend any test temperature. The aim with this project was to perform internal pressure test at different water temperatures. Three jerricans of each type were tested at the following temperatures: +3, +20, +40 and +55 °C. As can be seen in the test results the burst pressure decreases substantially with rising temperature. For jerrican A the burst pressure is reduced from 234 kPa at +3 °C to 175 kPa at +20 °C, 151 kPa at 40 °C and 114 kPa at +55 °C. At +55 °C the burst pressure is reduced to less than half what it was at +3 °C. Jerrican B is also reduced from 545 kPA at +3 °C to 226 kPa at +55 °C while jerrican C is only reduced from 185 kPa to 136 kPa in the same temperature interval. The gradient of the correction factor in table 3 in EN ISO 16104:2003 correspond very well with gradient of the tested jerricans in the temperature span between +2 °C and +20 °C. All jerricans were made of PE. The pressure/temperature curves show a linear gradient but indicates that the gradient can differ between different materials. Jerrican A and B are produced by the same manufacturer in the same material and show corresponding behaviour, also corresponding to the correction factors in the standard. Jerrican C is produced by another manufacturer and does not show such significant reduction of burst pressure at higher temperatures.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of fatal residential fires in Sweden
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- About 90 persons die every year in Sweden as a result of residential fires. The decrease has been very limited over the last two decades despite safety measures as smoke detectors and the more recent regulations on self-extinguishing cigarettes. In order to decrease the number of fatalities it is important to find characteristics of residential fires that results in fatalities. A comparison between the characteristics of residential fires and fatal residential fires is therefore made in this work where mainly publicly available statistics is used. Further characteristics are found by the use of some additional data made accessible to the research project from the Swedish Civil Contingency Agency.The data shows that fatal residential fires are often large when the rescue service arrive involving several rooms, there is usually only one person in the fire compartment when the rescue service arrive, the fire occurs in the night/early morning and it starts often in a sofa or bed and is in many cases caused by smoking.
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