| 1. |
- Mårtensson, Olof, et al.
(author)
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Effects of fermented, ropy, non-dairy, oat-based products on serum lipids and the faecal excretion of cholesterol and short chain fatty acids in germfree and conventional rats
- 2002
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In: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317. ; 22:12, s. 1461-1473
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Three fermented, ropy, non-dairy, oat-based products were evaluated for their effect on serum lipids, faecal cholesterol and faecal short chain fatty. acids in germfree and conventional rats. Three different exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing lactic acid bacteria strains were used to ferment the non-dairy oat-base (Adavena(R) G40) (Ceba Foods AB, Lund; Sweden). Two commercial non-dairy products based on oats (Mill Milk(TM)) (Ceba Foods AB, Lund, Sweden) and rice (Rice Dream(R)) (Imagine Foods, London, UK) were used as non-ropy and unfermented controls. All the standardized feeds were sterilized before being fed to the animals. Adult, germfree-and conventional AGUS rats, were fed the above sterile diets ad libitum for 21 days. Blood samples and faecal samples were collected and the animals' weight gain was monitored throughout the study. No significant change in serum lipids or faecal excretion of cholesterol was observed between the groups on the different diets. A difference in faecal SCFA pattern was observed in conventional rats fed on the oat-based diets in comparison. to the group fed on the rice-based diet. More evidence is needed to support the effect of fermented, ropy, oat-based products and their potential effect on serum lipids, faecal cholesterol/coprostanol levels and amounts of short chain fatty acids.
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| 2. |
- Tovar, Juscelino, et al.
(author)
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Starch digestibility in the diabetic rat
- 1991
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In: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317. ; 11:11, s. 1329-1334
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The digestibility of a mixture of starches was evaluated in balance experiments, with both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with antibiotics to prevent colonic fermentation of unabsorbed material. Pancreatic amylase production in the diabetic animals was only 10% of the normal level. In spite of this, only a minor decrease in the total starch digestibility index was recorded for the diabetic group (91% vs 94% in control animals). Although small, such a decreased starch digestibility might aggravate gastrointestinal problems in diabetics and should be acknowledged.
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| 3. |
- Wallström, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Serum beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in smokers and non-smokers - associations with food sources and supplemental intakes. A report from the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2003
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In: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317. ; 23:2, s. 163-183
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High blood concentrations of beta-carotene (BC) and alpha-tocopherol (AT) are markers of lower risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear how well they serve as markers of, food consumption in a general population setting, in a country with a traditionally low vegetable consumption, or if they work equally well in smokers and non-smokers. We performed a cross-sectional study of 366 non-smokers and 163 smokers of both sexes, aged 46-67 y, who participated in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study (Sweden). Serum concentrations of BC and AT were determined by HPLC. Food habits were assessed by a validated modified diet history method. Intake of dietary supplements was calculated from a 7-day self-registration. We found that non-smokers had higher serum BC concentrations than smokers (arithmetic means 550 +/- 25 (SE) vs. 400 +/- 27 nmol/l, p < 0.001), but serum AT concentrations were similar (27.2 less than or equal to 0.43 vs. 27.0 < 0.65 mumol/l, p = 0.88). After adjustment for sex, serum cholesterol, obesity, and other sources of BC, consumption of carrots and leafy vegetables were moderately but positively associated with serum BC in non-smokers. In smokers, serum BC was positively associated with consumption of BC supplements only. The only AT sources associated with serum AT were vitamin E supplements. We also observed a positive association between serum BC and consumption of coffee in smokers. We conclude that serum BC concentration may not be a useful marker of vegetable consumption when vegetable consumption is low, that the foods associated with serum concentrations of BC differed by smoking status in this population, and that serum AT concentrations were only associated with dietary supplements, not with foods. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Yang, H., et al.
(author)
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Bolus ornithine and arginine-ketoglutarate supplementation in distal intestine after 65% resection in rats
- 2000
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In: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 20:12, s. 1807-1816
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Enteral feeding has been reported to increase intestinal mucosa proliferation after resection. Dietary components influence the intestinal adaptive response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ornithine- (OKG) or arginine-ketoglutarate (AKG) bolus supplementation on intestinal postresectional adaptation in the rat. Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent 65% small-bowel resection and received either OKG 3 g/kg/day, isonitrogenous AKG or saline by gavage once daily. The animals had free access to rat chow. Sampling was done 10 days after resection. Fed animals without surgery or specific treatment served as controls. Results: Mucosal wet weight, DNA, RNA, protein content and sucrose activity of the mucosa, as well as villus height were significantly increased in all resected animals compared to controls. No significant differences in body weight or intestinal adaptation could be found between the three dietary groups. Conclusion: Postoperative enteral bolus feeding supplemented with OKG or AKG did not significantly enhance the adaptation of the remnant small bowel 10 days after massive intestinal resection when rats had free access to rat chow. © 2000 Elsevier Science Inc.
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| 9. |
- Albinsson-Stenholm, Erina, et al.
(author)
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Subjects with high fasting insulin also have higher postprandial GLP-1 and glucagon levels than controls with lower insulin
- 2019
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In: Nutrition Research. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 72, s. 111-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Little is known about postprandial release of serum ghrelin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in relation with differing fasting insulin levels. We hypothesized that these hormones are affected by insulin resistance, and hence, we compared different postprandial responses of GLP-1, glucagon, and ghrelin in subjects with relatively high (RHI) or relatively low (RLI) fasting insulin levels. The trial was a randomized crossover study with 4 different meal conditions. Fourteen nonobese or obese, healthy, men and 14 women were randomly assigned to the order of supervised intake of a 750 kcal drink with the same protein contents but with 20 energy-percent (E%) or 55 E% from carbohydrates, and the remaining energy from fat. Participants were also randomized to consume the drinks as 1 large beverage or as five 150-kcal portions every 30 minutes. The 28 subjects were divided into 2 equally sized groups based on fasting insulin levels. Statistics were done with general linear mixed model. Fasting insulin levels were 3-fold higher in the group with RHI compared with the RLI group (RHI: 1004 +/- 510 pg/mL, RLI: 324 +/- 123 pg/mL, P amp;lt; .0005). Serum GLP-1 was highest in the RHI group after both single meals and after 5 drinks and following high- and low-carbohydrate meals (both P amp;lt;= .002), and this was the case also for glucagon levels (both P amp;lt;= .018), whereas ghrelin levels did not differ between groups. Thus, subjects with RHI displayed both higher postprandial serum GLP-1 and glucagon than the participants with RLI, suggesting that glucagon could play a role in the advent of dysglycemia by insulin resistance. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Arevström, Lilith, et al.
(author)
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Freeze-dried bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) dietary supplement improves walking distance and lipids after myocardial infarction: an open-label randomized clinical trial
- 2019
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 62, s. 13-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vaccinium myrtillus, have a high content of phenolic compounds including anthocyanins, which could provide cardiometabolic health benefits following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We hypothesized that standard medical therapy supplemented with freeze-dried bilberry after AMI would have a more beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk markers and exercise capacity than medical therapy alone. Patients were allocated in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours of percutaneous coronary intervention in an 8- week trial either to V myrtillus powder (40 g/d, equivalent to 480 g fresh bilberries) and standard medical therapy or to a control group receiving standard medical therapy alone. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and exercise capacity measured with the 6-minute walk test were the primary biochemical and clinical end points, respectively. Fifty subjects completed the study. No statistically significant difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was detected between groups. The mean 6-minute walk test distance increased significantly more in the bilberry group compared to the control group: mean difference 38 m at follow-up (95% confidence interval 14- 62, P =.003). Ex vivo oxidized low-density lipoprotein was significantly lowered in the bilberry group compared to control, geometric mean ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.66-0.96, P =.017), whereas total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ significantly between groups. Anthocyanin-derived metabolites in blood increased significantly in the bilberry group during the intervention and were different after 8 weeks between the bilberry group and control. Findings in the present study suggest that bilberries may have clinically relevant beneficial effects following AMI; a larger, double-blind clinical trial is warranted to confirm this.
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| 11. |
- Arnbjornsson, E., et al.
(author)
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The level of copper, zinc and certain free amino acids in the plasma of patients with acute appendicitis
- 1985
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In: Nutrition Research. - 0271-5317. ; 5:SUPPL. 1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many forms of inflammatory conditions are associated with alterations in physiology, metabolism and concentrations of trace elements such as copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium and of amino acid patterns and C-Reactive protein levels in plasma (1). Decreased levels of zinc and a reciprocal increase of copper in plasma has been seen in many human diseases (2). Nothing concrete is documented concerning these changes in acute appendicitis. The present study was performed to investigate the possible changes in the levels of trace elements such as copper, zinc, magnesium and calcium and electrophoretic patterns, C-Reactive protein and amino acid patterns in plasma in patients admitted for suspected acute appendicitis. The effect of surgical trauma on copper and zinc levels was also investigated.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Dapi Nzefa, Léonie, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Socioeconomic and gender differences in adolescents' nutritional status in urban Cameroon, Africa.
- 2009
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In: Nutrition Research. - New York : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 29:5, s. 313-319
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess adolescents' nutritional status according to socioeconomic status (SES) and sex using anthropometry in urban Cameroon, Africa. Adolescent boys (n = 248) and girls (n = 333) 12 to 16 years old were recruited from randomly selected schools in a cross sectional study in Yaoundé city and grouped according to SES. Weight, height, skinfold thickness, and circumferences were measured, and body mass index, waist/hip ratio, arm muscle, and arm fat areas were calculated. Stunting, underweight, and overweight were determined using international cutoff points. Adolescents with medium and high SES were less likely to be stunted than adolescents with low SES (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; P < .01). Prevalences of stunting (12%, 6%, and 5%) and underweight (3%, 4%, and 1%) were higher among the adolescents with low and medium SES than those with high SES. Overweight prevalence was high among the adolescents with low (8%), medium (11%), and high (9%) SES. The OR for overweight was higher among girls than boys (OR, 4.13; P < .001). Girls were less likely to be stunted and underweight than boys (OR, 0.29 [P < .001] and OR, 0.20 [P < .01], respectively). Prevalences of stunting (15% and 6%) and underweight (5% and 2%) were higher among boys than girls. Pubescent adolescents were less likely to be stunted than nonpubescent (OR, 0.53; P < .05). Adolescents with low and medium SES were more underweight and stunted than adolescents with high SES. Girls were more overweight, less stunted, and underweight than boys.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Granlund, Lena E., 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Vitamin D status was not associated with anxiety, depression, or health-related quality of life in Middle Eastern and African-born immigrants in Sweden
- 2020
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 75, s. 109-118
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Active vitamin D is a neurosteroid that may modulate brain function. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and depression and anxiety have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that there was an association between anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and vitamin D status. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between anxiety, depression, and HRQOL and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations in the Middle Eastern and African-born immigrant population. All immigrants aged 25-65 years, born in 9 African or Middle Eastern countries, and living in 3 districts in Umea (n = 1306) were invited, with 195 English- or Swedish-speaking immigrants (104 men and 91 women) participated. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. HRQOL was measured using EuroQoL-5 Dimension 3 Level Questionnaire and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations were determined using logistic and linear regression. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, origin, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and obesity. In total, 71% had 25(OH)D less than 50 nmol/ L and 11% had 25(OH)D less than 25 nmol/L. Anxiety, depression, and HRQOL were not associated with 25(OH)D in the immigrant population. Anxiety was common in female immigrants from the Middle East (32.7%); and after adjustment, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher risk of anxiety (25[OH]D <= 49 nmol/L vs 25[OH] D >= 50 nmol/L: odds ratio 23.2 [95% confidence interval 1.97 - 271.9] P = .012) in this subgroup only; however, reverse causality could not be excluded. In conclusion, the study showed no association between depression, anxiety, or HRQOL and vitamin D status in the immigrant population.
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| 16. |
- Granlund, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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Vitamin D is associated with lower limb muscle strength and grip strength in Middle Eastern- and African-born immigrants in Sweden
- 2018
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 59, s. 29-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is increasing evidence that vitamin D status is associated with muscle function. Vitamin D deficiency is common in immigrants. We hypothesized that there was a positive association between vitamin D status and muscle strength in immigrants. The aim of this study was to examine associations between vitamin D status and muscle strength in an immigrant population in Sweden. All immigrants aged 25-65 years, born in 9 African or Middle East countries, and living in a district in Umeå (n = 1306) were invited. A total of 111 men and 105 women (16.5%) completed the study. Lower limb muscle strength was examined using a standardized muscle function indices of muscle strength. Grip strength was examined using a JAMAR hand dynamometer. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The analyses were adjusted for sex, age, height, body mass index, years since immigration, 25(OH)D, vitamin D deficiency, physical activity, and medical and socioeconomic factors. Twelve percent of the immigrants had vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/L]. In multivariable analyses, reduced lower limb muscle strength remained linearly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentrations (P = .008) and weaker grip strength remained associated with vitamin D deficiency (P = .022) after adjustments. The association between vitamin D deficiency and reduced lower limb muscle strength did not reach statistical significance (P = .052). The results demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency and low 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with muscle weakness in immigrants.
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| 17. |
- He, Xuan, et al.
(author)
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Digestion of human milk fat in healthy infants
- 2020
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 83, s. 15-29
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lipid digestion is critical for infant development, and yet, the interconnection between lipid digestion and the microbiota is largely understudied. This review focuses on digestion of the human milk fat globule and summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying this process in infants. We first discuss the partial hydrolysis of milk fat in the stomach, which leads to rearrangement of lipid droplets, creating a lipid-water interface necessary for duodenal lipolysis. In the first few months of life, secretion of pancreatic triglyceride lipase, phospholipase A2, and bile salts is immature. The dominant lipases aiding fat digestion in the newborn small intestine are therefore pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 and bile salt-stimulated lipase from both the exocrine pancreas and milk. We summarize the interaction between ionic fatty acids and cations to form insoluble fatty acid soaps and how it is influenced by various factors, including cation availability, pH, and bile salt concentration, as well as saturation and chain length of fatty acids. We further argue that the formation of the soap complex does not contribute to lipid bioavailability. Next, the possible roles that the gut microbiota plays in lipid digestion and absorption are discussed. Finally, we provide a perspective on how the manufacturing process of infant formula and dairy products may alter the physical properties and structure of lipid droplets, thereby altering the rate of lipolysis.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Epidemiologic evidence suggests that dietary phytoestrogen intake is associated with reduced risk of breast, endometrial, and prostate cancers
- 2006
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 26:12, s. 609-619
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phytoestrogens are natural estrogen-like plant substances. The possible protective effect of phytoestrogens on cancer risk, particularly on hormone-related cancers, has been the focus of many epidemiologic studies during the last 2 decades. We performed a qualitative review of the epidemiologic literature published in the English language and identified on MEDLINE from 1966 until 24 September 2006 on (1) dietary intake of soy, isoflavones, or lignans; (2) urinary excretion of isoflavones or lignans; (3) blood measurements of isoflavones or lignans in relation to breast, prostate, and endometrial cancer risk. Epidemiologic data do seem to support a small protective effect of isoflavones on breast cancer risk, although timing of exposure and the mechanisms of isoflavones at physiologic levels need to be further explored. The epidemiologic evidence to date is conflicting regarding lignans and breast cancer, but recent studies suggest that the effect may be restricted to premenopausal women, differ by estrogen receptor status, and be modified by diet-gene interactions. The 3 case-control studies on dietary intake of phytoestrogens and endometrial cancer risk have provided some evidence for a protective effect, but more prospective data are needed. There is some epidemiologic evidence for a protective effect of soy or isoflavones on prostate cancer, but corresponding data for lignans are inconclusive. Recent data indicate that diet-gene interactions may modify the effect of phytoestrogens on prostate cancer risk. Prospective studies on dietary lignans in relation to prostate cancer risk are lacking.
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| 20. |
- Metzgar, Matthew, et al.
(author)
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The feasibility of a Paleolithic diet for low-income consumers
- 2011
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317. ; 31:6, s. 444-451
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many low-income consumers face a limited budget for food purchases. The United States Department of Agriculture developed the Thrifty Food Plan to address this problem of consuming a healthy diet given a budget constraint. This dietary optimization program uses common food choices to build a suitable diet. In this article, the United States Department of Agriculture data sets are used to test the feasibility of consuming a Paleolithic diet given a limited budget. The Paleolithic diet is described as the diet that humans are genetically adapted to, containing only the preagricultural food groups of meat, seafood, fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Constraints were applied to the diet optimization model to restrict grains, dairy, and certain other food categories. Constraints were also applied for macronutrients, micronutrients, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results show that it is possible to consume a Paleolithic diet given the constraints. However, the diet does fall short of meeting the daily recommended intakes for certain micronutrients. A 9.3% increase in income is needed to consume a Paleolithic diet that meets all daily recommended intakes except for calcium. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Mårtensson, Olof, et al.
(author)
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Fermented, ropy, oat-based products reduce cholesterol levels and stimulate the bifidobacteria flora in humans
- 2005
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317. ; 25:5, s. 429-442
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This investigation determined the effects of fermented oat-based products containing both native and microbial beta-glucans on plasma lipids and on fecal total bacterial count and Bifidobacterium ssp. The study was randomized, double blind with 3 parallel groups. Sixty-two free-living volunteers with moderately increased plasma cholesterol levels were recruited. In the final analysis, 56 subjects remained, as 6 subjects had left the study either due to lack of time (n = 2), unwillingness to continue the regimen (n = 2), or for other reasons (n = 2). During the first 3 weeks, all subjects received a fermented dairy-based product (control product, run-in period). On the following 5 weeks, I group continued with the control product, whereas the other 2 groups were given fermented oat-based products (intervention period, 3-3.5 g native beta-glucans per day). One of the oat products (ropy) was cofermented with an exopolysaccharide-producing strain, Pediococcus damnosus 2.6. A significant (P = .022) reduction in total cholesterol by 6% was observed in volunteers who had eaten the fermented, ropy, oat-based product compared with the control group. No other significant changes in plasma lipids were found. A significant increase in total bacterial count (P = .001) and Bifidobacterium ssp (P = .012) was observed in fecal samples from volunteers in the group who had eaten the fermented, ropy, oat-based product. This study shows that a fermented, ropy, oat-based product, containing both native and microbial glucans, can reduce the blood cholesterol level and also stimulate the bifidobacteria flora in the gastrointestinal tract. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Nilholm, Clara, et al.
(author)
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Dietary intervention with an Okinawan-based Nordic diet in type 2 diabetes renders decreased interleukin-18 concentrations and increased neurofilament light concentrations in plasma
- 2018
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317. ; 60, s. 13-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Food may induce inflammation and favor development of metabolic diseases, which have been associated with increased inflammation and potential risk of cognitive impairment. It is customary to know whether food or disease promote inflammation. Our hypothesis was that Okinawan-based Nordic (O-BN) diet leads to decreased circulating concentrations of inflammatory and neural biomarkers. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of the O-BN diet on inflammatory and neural responses. First, 2 different breakfasts; one standard and another O-BN-based, were given in random order to 19 healthy volunteers. Second, a 12-week O-BN-dietary intervention was performed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), where the participants were followed for another 16-weeks, with registration of anthropometry and metabolic parameters. Non-diabetic subjects served as controls at baseline. Plasma was analyzed for cytokines by a 10-plex Luminex assay and neurofilament light (NfL) by an ultrasensitive Single molecule assay. Cytokine levels decreased after a single breakfast intake, independent of diet composition. Cytokine levels were higher in T2DM than in controls. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were improved by the dietary intervention. In parallel, cytokine levels were lowered, although only significantly for IL-18 (P =.001), with a tendency of significance for IL-12p70 (P =.07). Levels of IL-18 correlated with glucose, HbA1c and lipids, but not with body mass index, insulin or blood pressure. NfL levels increased during the intervention (P =.049). O-BN-based diet does not affect postprandial cytokine levels in health, whereas it renders decreased circulating IL-18 levels along with metabolic biomarkers in T2DM, with no beneficial effect on NfL.
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| 23. |
- Ohlsson, Bodil, et al.
(author)
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Modification of a traditional breakfast leads to increased satiety along with attenuated plasma increments of glucose, C-peptide, insulin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in humans
- 2016
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317. ; 36:4, s. 68-359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Our hypothesis was that carbohydrate, fat, and protein contents of meals affect satiety, glucose homeostasis, and hormone secretion. The objectives of this crossover trial were to examine satiety, glycemic-insulinemic response, and plasma peptide levels in response to 2 different recommended diabetes diets with equivalent energy content. One traditional reference breakfast and one test breakfast, with lower carbohydrate and higher fat and protein content, were randomly administered to healthy volunteers (8 men, 12 women). Blood samples were collected, and satiety was scored on a visual analog scale before and 3 hours after meals. Plasma glucose was measured, and levels of C-peptide, ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and adipokines were analyzed by Luminex. Greater satiety, visual analog scale, and total and delta area under the curve (P < .001), and lower glucose postprandial peak (max) and change from baseline (dmax; P < .001) were observed after test meal compared with reference meal. Postprandial increments of C-peptide, insulin, and GIP were suppressed after test meal compared with reference meal (total delta area under the curve [P = .03, .006, and .004], delta area under the curve [P = .006, .003, and .02], max [P = .01, .007, and .002], and dmax [P = .004, .008, and .007], respectively). Concentrations of other peptides were similar between meals. A lower carbohydrate and higher fat and protein content provides greater satiety and attenuation of C-peptide, glucose, insulin, and GIP responses compared with the reference breakfast but does not affect adipokines, ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
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| 24. |
- Olausson, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Maternal food restriction during gestation elevates insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 in adult male rat offspring
- 2006
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 26:7, s. 350-355
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low birth weight due to maternal malnutrition is associated with increased risk of developing diseases in adulthood, for example, cardiovascular disease. Postnatal oxytocin treatment has previously been shown to have positive effects on blood pressure and corticosterone levels in adult offspring from malnourished dams. The aims of this study were to investigate if maternal food restriction during gestation alters plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), glucose, and insulin in adult male rat offspring, and if postnatal oxytocin treatment has any effect on those changes. Adult offspring from food-restricted mothers had increased levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 compared with ad libitum–fed offspring. Postnatal oxytocin treatment had no effect on the IGF system in adulthood. In conclusion, maternal malnutrition during gestation altered the IGF system in adult rat offspring.
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| 25. |
- Saidi, Khadija, et al.
(author)
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A carbohydrate-restricted diet for patients with irritable bowel syndrome lowers serum C-peptide, insulin, and leptin without any correlation with symptom reduction
- 2021
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317. ; 86, s. 23-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alterations in gut endocrine cells and hormone levels have been measured in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The hypothesis of the present study was that hormone levels would change after 4 weeks of a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) intervention corresponding to decreased carbohydrate intake and symptoms. Among 105 IBS patients from primary and tertiary healthcare, 80 were randomized to SSRD, while 25 followed their ordinary diet. Food diaries, Rome IV, and IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) questionnaires were completed, and blood samples were collected at baseline and after the intervention. Serum C-peptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, leptin, luteinizing hormone, polypeptide YY, and glucose were measured, along with the prevalence of autoantibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone; its precursor, progonadoliberin-2, and receptor; and tenascin C. Carbohydrate intake was lower in the intervention group than in controls at week 4 (median: 88 [66-128] g vs 182 [89-224] g; P < .001). The change in carbohydrate intake, adjusted for weight, was associated with a decrease in C-peptide (β: 14.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.12-24.75) and insulin (β: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04-0.32) levels. Glucose levels remained unchanged. The IBS-SSS scores were lower in the intervention group but not in controls (P < .001), without any association with changes in hormone concentrations. There was no difference in autoantibody prevalence between patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, the hypothesis that reduced carbohydrate intake corresponded to altered hormonal levels in IBS was accepted; however, there was no relationship between hormonal concentrations and symptoms.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Sonestedt, Emily, et al.
(author)
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Enterolactone and breast cancer: methodological issues may contribute to conflicting results in observational studies.
- 2010
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317. ; 30:10, s. 667-677
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lignans found in plant foods are converted by the intestinal microflora to enterolignans. The structure of enterolignans is similar to that of estrogens, which has inspired researchers to examine a potential protective association in relation to health outcomes. Numerous epidemiological studies have measured concentration of enterolignans, mainly enterolactone, in blood or urine as a biomarker of lignan exposure and studied its relation to breast cancer risk. Case-control studies have shown decreased breast cancer risk associated with high circulating enterolactone concentrations, but results demonstrated by prospective cohort studies are less clear. The purpose of this review is to discuss factors that may contribute to these contradictory findings obtained in epidemiological studies, including age distribution, enterolactone measurement error, heterogeneity of breast cancer subtypes, and genetic factors. Different sources of enterolactone precursors may also contribute to inconclusive results. In conclusion, to get robust evidence of the health effects of lignans and enterolactone, more effort has to be put on methodological problems, including reducing measurement errors in enterolactone estimation, and to identify factors that modify the effect.
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| 28. |
- Tapsas, Dimitrios, et al.
(author)
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Swedish children with celiac disease comply well with a gluten-free diet, and most include oats without reporting any adverse effects : a long-term follow-up study
- 2014
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 34:5, s. 436-441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The only known treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet (GFD), which initially meant abstention from wheat, rye, barley, and oats. Recently, oats free from contamination with wheat have been accepted in the GFD. Yet, reports indicate that all celiac disease patients may not tolerate oats. We hypothesized that celiac children comply well with a GFD and that most have included oats in their diet. A food questionnaire was used to check our patients; 316 questionnaires were returned. Mean time on the GFD was 6.9 years, and 96.8% of the children reported that they were trying to keep a strict GFD. However, accidental transgressions occurred in 263 children (83.2%). In 2 of 3 cases, mistakes took place when the patients were not at home. Symptoms after incidental gluten intake were experienced by 162(61.6%) patients, mostly (87.5%) from the gastrointestinal tract. Small amounts of gluten (less than4 g) caused symptoms in 38% of the cases, and 68% reported symptoms during the first 3 hours after gluten consumption. Oats were included in the diet of 89.4% of the children for a mean of 3.4 years. Most (81.9%) ate purified oats, and 45.3% consumed oats less than once a week. Among those who did not consume oats, only 5.9% refrained because of symptoms. General compliance with the GFD was good. Only the duration of the GFD appeared to influence adherence to the diet. Most patients did not report adverse effects after long-term consumption of oats.
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- Vendelbo Lind, Mads, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Higher intake of fish and fat is associated with lower plasma s-adenosylhomocysteine: a cross-sectional study
- 2017
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In: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 46, s. 78-87
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several B-vitamins act as co-factors in one-carbon metabolism, a pathway that plays a central role in several chronic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge of how diet affects markers in one-carbon metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore dietary patterns and components associated with one-carbon metabolites. We hypothesized that intake of whole-grains and fish would be associated with lower Hcy, and higher SAM:SAH ratio due to their nutrient content. We assessed dietary information using a four-day dietary record in 118 men and women with features of the metabolic syndrome. In addition we assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition and plasma alkylresorcinols. Plasma s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B12 was included as one-carbon metabolism markers. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to explore dietary patterns and multiple linear regression models to examine associations between dietary factors and one-carbon metabolites. PCA separated subjects based on prudent and unhealthy dietary patterns, but the dietary pattern score was not related to the one-carbon metabolites. Whole grain intake was found to be inversely associated to plasma Hcy (?4.7% (?9.3; 0.0), P =.05) and total grain intake tended to be positively associated with SAM and SAH (2.4% (?0.5; 5.5), P =.08; 5.8% (?0.2; 12.1), P =.06, respectively, per SD increase in cereal intake). Fish intake was inversely associated with plasma Hcy and SAH concentrations (?5.4% (?9.7; ?0.8), P =.02 and ?7.0% (?12.1; ?1.5), P =.01, respectively) and positively associated with the SAM:SAH ratio (6.2% (1.6; 11.0), P =.008). In conclusion, intake and fish and whole-grain appear to be associated with a beneficial one-carbon metabolism profile. This indicates that dietary components could play a role in regulation of one-carbon metabolism with a potential impact on disease prevention.
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