| 1. |
- Ahrén, B, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of minor increase in serum calcium on the immunoheterogeneity of parathyroid hormone in healthy subjects and in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
- 1995
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - 0301-0163. ; 43:6, s. 9-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study possible influences of a mild increase in serum-ionized calcium concentration that is seen during daily life on circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) immunoheterogeneity, we used sequence-specific PTH assays to determine serum intact PTH, C-terminal PTH and N-terminal PTH following oral calcium (1.5 g) in healthy subjects (n = 7). This was also performed in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT; n = 10) to see if their regulation of circulating PTH molecular forms is normal. Compared to healthy subjects, the patients were hypercalcemic (p < 0.05) and had higher levels of PTH in all three assays (p < 0.001). Following the oral calcium load, serum-ionized calcium increased by 0.08 +/- 0.03 mmol/l in the patients and by 0.07 +/- 0.03 mmol/l in the healthy subjects after 90 min, whereas serum intact PTH, C-terminal PTH and N-terminal PTH were reduced, both in the healthy subjects and in the patients. Suppression by calcium of both intact PTH and C-terminal PTH were impaired in the patients (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), whereas suppression of N-terminal PTH was normal. Furthermore, the C/i and N/i ratios were higher at the highest calcium concentration achieved after calcium intake in the healthy subjects than in the basal state in the patients (p < 0.05), in spite of the larger degree of hypercalcemia in the latter (1.40 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.31 +/- 0.02 mmol/l; p < 0.05). Thus, (1) a minor increase in serum-ionized calcium that is seen during daily life alters the relative circulating concentrations of PTH versus its fragments; (2) the impaired sensitivity to calcium in pHPT is not evident for the suppression of N-terminal PTH, and (3) pHPT is accompanied by altered immunoheterogeneity of circulating PTH.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in adiponectin levels correlates to growth response in growth hormone-treated children.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0046 .- 0301-0163. ; 71:4, s. 213-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adiponectin is secreted by adipose tissue and circulates in human plasma at high levels. Decreased adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in serum adiponectin levels are related to the growth response, insulin levels and insulin resistance during growth hormone (GH) treatment.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bang, P, et al.
(författare)
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Free insulin-like growth factor I: are we hunting a ghost?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 5555 Suppl 2, s. 84-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade, there has been an increasing number of publications reporting concentrations of free dissociable insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in serum or plasma. The goal for attempting to measure free IGF-I in a serum sample in vitro has been to obtain information about the bioactivity of IGF-I in target tissues, and thus relate a measurable parameter to biological responses such as longitudinal growth or glucose disappearance rate. In this review, the serum free IGF-I approach is placed into a physiological perspective. In addition, methodological aspects are discussed and suggestions for the validation of free IGF-I assays are presented.
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| 13. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Berg, U, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise and circulating insulin-like growth factor I
- 2004
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 6262 Suppl 1, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determinations of serum concentrations of total insulin-like growth factor I (tIGF-I) are important in the diagnosis, monitoring of treatment and safety evaluation of patients with growth disorders and/or metabolic disease. It is well established that tIGF-I status varies over time. Changes in tIGF-I levels in relation to an acute bout of exercise or repeated bouts, known as training, are likely to contribute to this variation. Serum tIGF-I has also been found to be of predictive value in growth prediction models employed before the start of growth hormone (GH) treatment. Furthermore, IGF-I generation tests have been suggested to be of value in the assessment of the growth response to GH administration in patients suspected of GH deficiency with or without some degree of GH insensitivity. This is discussed elsewhere in this issue. Recent progress in our understanding of growth hormone-dependent and -independent expression of the <i>IGF1</i> gene in skeletal muscle and the role of sufficient energy intake during training for muscle and liver generation of IGF-I raises important questions regarding their relative contribution to the circulating pool of IGF-I. The present review is focused on circulating levels of tIGF-I in relation to a single bout of exercise or to a period of training. In addition, the expression of IGF-I locally in muscle in response to these stimuli will be discussed.
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| 21. |
- Bergenfelz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium metabolism after hemithyroidectomy
- 1993
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 39:1-2, s. 56-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is not known whether thyroid surgery evokes changes in calcium metabolism. We therefore studied 6 patients operated upon with hemithyroidectomy for benign thyroid diseases, preoperatively and at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. We measured changes in serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D metabolites, ionized calcium, phosphate, osteocalcin, thyroid hormones and bone density. Further, the dynamic function of the parathyroid glands was investigated by an oral calcium load test pre- and at 3 months postoperatively. At follow-up, all patients were euthyroid. During the oral calcium load, serum levels of intact PTH were reduced by the same degree before and after hemithyroidectomy, showing normal parathyroid function. Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D declined from 86 +/- 16 to 57 +/- 4 pmol/l (p < 0.01) at 1 year after hemithyroidectomy, and serum levels of phosphate increased slightly from 0.96 +/- 0.08 to 1.06 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (p < 0.05), whereas serum levels of ionized calcium, intact PTH, osteocalcin and bone density did not change. Our results demonstrate that thyroid operation evokes changes in vitamin D metabolism in spite of normal parathyroid function.
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| 22. |
- Bergenfelz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Serum levels of thyrotropin are decreased by oral calcium in healthy subjects but not in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
- 1994
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 42:6, s. 7-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that calcium changes the set point of the pituitary thyroid feedback. It is not known, however, if small and slow changes of calcium and/or parathyroid hormone (PTH) within the physiological range influence the serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones in healthy subjects or patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Nine healthy subjects and nine patients with pHPT were therefore investigated with an oral calcium load test. The patients were investigated before and 4 days after operation. During the test, serum levels of ionized calcium increased and serum levels of intact PTH decreased in both healthy subjects and patients pre- and postoperatively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in patients, the suppressibility of serum levels of PTH by calcium increased postoperatively (p < 0.05). Serum levels of TSH decreased during the oral calcium load in healthy subjects (p < 0.01) but not in patients, whereas the serum levels of thyroid hormones did not change. It is concluded that oral calcium influences TSH secretion in healthy humans but not in patients with pHPT.
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| 23. |
- Bergenfelz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Serum osteocalcin levels do not change during rapidly induced hypercalcemia in healthy subjects
- 1992
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 37:1-2, s. 29-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since osteocalcin has been suggested to play a role in calcium homeostasis, we investigated its serum levels in 6 healthy subjects during a rapid calcium infusion. Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D3] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2 D3] were also determined. The calcium infusion increased plasma-ionized calcium levels from 1.25 +/- 0.04 to 1.54 +/- 0.07 mmol/l at 30 min (p less than 0.05). Concomitantly, serum levels of intact PTH declined from 2.1 +/- 0.9 to 0.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (p less than 0.05). In contrast, serum osteocalcin levels did not change. Further, during calcium infusion, serum levels of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 decreased from 81 +/- 17 to 75 +/- 15 pmol/l (p less than 0.05) whereas serum levels of 25-(OH) D3 did not change. The results therefore suggest that calcium per se does not influence osteocalcin secretion.
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| 24. |
- Bergenfelz, A, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression by calcium of serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
- 1993
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 39:3-4, s. 51-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with a right-shifted relation between parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and calcium. However, it is also possible that a decreased suppressibility of PTH secretion by calcium is important for maintaining hypercalcemia in pHPT. We therefore compared the suppression of serum levels of intact PTH induced by a 1.5-gram oral calcium load in patients with mild pHPT with that in healthy subjects. The calcemic response to the oral calcium load was the same in the two groups and did not correlate with the degree of PTH suppression or to serum levels of vitamin D metabolites. It was found that serum levels of intact PTH were less suppressed by the oral calcium load in patients than in healthy subjects (p < 0.01), but with a considerable overlap between the two groups. The suppression of serum levels of intact PTH was correlated both to baseline serum total calcium levels (r = -0.55; p < 0.05) and osteocalcin levels (r = -0.69; p < 0.05) in the patients, but no such correlations were seen in the controls. We conclude that patients with pHPT have a decreased suppressibility of PTH secretion by calcium. Although this reduced suppressibility could be important for maintaining hypercalcemia in some patients with pHPT, it does not aid in the differential diagnosis between patients with mild pHPT and healthy subjects.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Boguszewski, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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Insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, body composition, and clinical status interactions in children with cystic fibrosis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Horm Res. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 67:5, s. 250-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are of increased risk of reduced fat body mass (FBM) and lean body mass (LBM). Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)and leptin could be markers of LBM and/or FBM depletion. To evaluate the relationships between disease activity, body composition, IGF-1 and leptin concentrations in CF children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 26 CF children aged 5.0-15.5 years and 33 healthy controls, mean age 9.4 years. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for leptin, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. RESULTS: FBM standard deviation score (SDS; CF boys -0.02 +/- 0.88 vs. 0.78 +/- 0.65, p < 0.01; CF girls -0.37 +/- 1.15 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.97, p < 0.05), leptin concentration (CF boys 2.07 +/- 0.79 vs. 3.07 +/- 1.28 ng/ml, p < 0.05; CF girls 2.71 +/- 0.86 vs. 5.00 +/- 2.95 ng/ml, p < 0.05) and IGF-1SDS (CF boys -1.43 +/- 1.50 vs. -0.32 +/- 0.88, p < 0.05; CF girls -0.66 +/- 1.66 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.57, p < 0.01) were lower in CF children compared to controls. Shwachman score was the strongest predictor of lean body mass (R = 0.63). Leptin levels explain 60% of the variability in FBM. CONCLUSION: Serum concentrations of IGF-1 and leptin are decreased in children with CF and are associated with clinical conditions and body composition.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bruett, Anna Levke, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction in Children and Adolescents with Growth Hormone Deficiency or Idiopathic Short Stature - Part 1 : A Critical Evaluation of Available Tools
- 2009
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163 .- 1423-0046. ; 72:2, s. 65-73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of health-related quality of life (HrQoL) reflects the subjective perception of health and includes aspects of well-being and functioning in physical, emotional, mental and social life domains. Nowadays, HrQoL has become a relevant treatment outcome from epidemiological and clinical perspectives and is also broadly employed in health economic analyses. To assess HrQoL generic as well as condition-specific instruments are used. The former are applicable to a wide range of health conditions and aim at measuring HrQoL across different conditions. The latter focus on capturing the impact of a specific disease. Although HrQoL research in adults is now well-advanced, there are still open questions regarding how to assess HrQoL in pediatric conditions, such as short stature. Eight generic (one chronic-generic) and seven condition-specific (one treatment-specific) instruments used in HrQoL research in short stature of youth are described. Additionally, this mini review identifies a need for further research and indicates potential directions.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Christesen, Henrik B. T., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid genetic analysis in congenital hyperinsulinism
- 2007
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Ingår i: Hormone Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 67:4, s. 184-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Backgound: In severe, medically unresponsive congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), the histological differentiation of focal versus diffuse disease is vital, since the surgical management is completely different. Genetic analysis may help in the differential diagnosis, as focal CHI is associated with a paternal germline ABCC8 or KCNJ11 mutation and a focal loss of maternal chromosome 11p15, whereas a maternal mutation, or homozygous/compound heterozygous ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutations predict diffuse-type disease. However, genotyping usually takes too long to be helpful in the absence of a founder mutation. Methods: In 4 patients, a rapid genetic analysis of the ABBC8 and KCNJ11 genes was performed within 2 weeks on request prior to the decision of pancreatic surgery. Results: Two patients had no mutations, rendering the genetic analysis non-informative. Peroperative multiple biopsies showed diffuse disease. One patient had a paternal KCNJ11 mutation and focal disease confirmed by positron emission tomography scan and biopsies. One patient had a de novo heterozygous ABBC8 mutation and unexplained diffuse disease confirmed by positron emission tomography scan and biopsies. Conclusion: A rapid analysis of the entire ABBC8 and KCNJ11 genes should not stand alone in the preoperative assessment of patients with CHI, except for the case of maternal, or homozygous/compound heterozygous disease-causing mutations. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Davenport, ML, et al.
(författare)
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Growth failure in early life: an important manifestation of Turner syndrome
- 2002
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 57:5-6, s. 157-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goals of this study were to test the hypothesis that girls with Turner syndrome (TS) experience growth failure early in life and to establish model-based normative growth charts for 0- to 8-year-old American girls with TS. Full-term girls with TS who had 5 or more measurements of height obtained during their first 10 years of life prior to initiation of growth hormone, estrogen and/or androgen therapy were eligible for this study. A nonlinear mixed-effects model comprising the first two components of the infancy-childhood-puberty (ICP) model of growth was fitted to the longitudinal height measurements and compared with those of healthy American girls. Height measurements (n = 1,146) from 112 girls with TS (45,X: 57.1%; 45,X/46,XX: 12.5%; 46,X, iso(X): 4.5%, and other: 25.9%) were analyzed. Mean height SDS fell from –0.68 at birth to –1.60 at 1 year, –1.80 at 2 years and –1.95 at 3 years. When compared to controls (676 girls, 4,537 measurements), girls with TS grew more slowly due to three principal factors: a slow growth rate of the infancy component, a slow growth rate at the onset of the childhood component, and delayed onset of the childhood component. Traditional concepts of growth failure in TS should be revised. Physicians should consider the diagnosis of TS in any girl with unexplained failure to thrive or short stature, even in the first 3 years of life.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- de Zegher, F, et al.
(författare)
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Androgens and fetal growth
- 1998
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 50:4, s. 243-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boys are heavier than girls at term birth. Children with a 46,XY karyotype and androgen insensitivity syndrome (clinically complete form and/or proven mutations in the androgen receptor gene) were found to have a birth weight comparable to that of girls. These findings support the hypothesis that the difference in birth weight between boys and girls is generated by androgen action.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Elimam, A, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone treatment downregulates serum leptin levels in children independent of changes in body mass index
- 1999
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 52:2, s. 66-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The changes in serum leptin levels during growth hormone (GH) treatment were studied in 27 children, 17 with GH deficiency (GHD), 10 with idiopathic short stature (ISS), and 9 with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Within 1 month of GH treatment, serum leptin levels decreased by 40% in the GHD children (p < 0.01). There was no significant change in serum leptin level in the children with ISS. In children with PWS, the mean serum leptin level decreased by almost 60% after 3 months of treatment (p < 0.001). Thereafter, no further decline was observed in any of the 3 groups. Changes in body composition became evident first after the 3 months of treatment. In the GHD children, the BMI was unchanged while the mean body fat percentage was 2.7% lower after 1 year of GH treatment (p < 0.05). In the ISS children, neither BMI nor body fat percentage were significantly changed during treatment. The PWS children exhibited a significant decrease in BMI after 6 months of GH treatment without any further change during the remaining period of treatment. In this group, the mean body fat percentage decreased from 42 ± 2.4 to 28 ± 2.2% after treatment (p < 0.001). The finding that the fall in leptin occurs before changes in body composition become detectable suggests a direct effect of GH on leptin production, metabolism, or clearance.
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| 43. |
- Elimam, A, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro effects of leptin on human adipocyte metabolism
- 2002
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Ingår i: Hormone research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0301-0163. ; 58:2, s. 88-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Objective:</i> Leptin receptors are expressed in adipocytes, suggesting potential autocrine/paracrine effects. Studies on the direct effects of leptin on adipose tissue metabolism in different species have yielded controversial data. To assess the in vitro effects of leptin on human adipocyte metabolism: lipolysis, the insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis and lipogenesis were studied in adipocytes obtained from infants and adults. <i>Methods:</i> Lipolysis was studied by incubating adipocytes with increasing concentrations of leptin or isoprenaline. Glycerol in the incubation medium was measured as an indicator of lipolysis. For the lipogenesis and insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis experiments, the cells were preincubated with 0, 25, or 250 ng/ml of leptin for 2 h. <i>Results:</i> Leptin did not stimulate lipolysis in human adipocytes, either in children or adults. Preincubation with leptin did not affect the insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis, but decreased the insulin-induced lipogenesis (p < 0.05). <i>Conclusions:</i> This study shows that leptin has no direct lipolytic effect in human adipocytes. The lack of effect on the insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis and the negative effect on lipogenesis indicates that the effect of leptin is not at the proximal insulin-signalling pathway but further downstream.
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