| 1. |
- Lillesaar, Christina, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Rat tooth pulp cells elicit neurite growth from trigeminal neurones and express mRNAs for neurotrophic factors in vitro
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 308:3, s. 161-164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular factors control the developmental ingrowth of axons to the tooth pulp. Here we examine the ability of pulpal cells to induce neurite outgrowth from neonatal rat trigeminal neurones (TGNs) in vitro. We found that TGNs emitted neurites and formed networks of branches in relation to pulpal cells. Neurones co-cultured with a mixture of pulpal cells and 3T3 fibroblasts formed networks exclusively in relation to the pulpal cells. Cultivated pulpal cells and pulpal tissue produced mRNAs for all neurotrophins and members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family. Hence, rat pulpal cells have neuritogenic effects on single TGNs in vitro, that may be associated with secretion of neurotrophic factors.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abelson, Klas, et al.
(författare)
-
Intravenously administered lidocaine in therapeutic doses increases the intraspinal release of acetylcholine in rats
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 317:2, s. 93-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The local anesthetic lidocaine suppresses different pain conditions when administered systemically. Part of the antinociceptive effect appears to be mediated via receptor mechanisms. We have previously shown that muscarinic and nicotinic agonists that produce antinociception increase the intraspinal release of acetylcholine. In the present study it was hypothesized that systemically administered lidocaine is acting through the same mechanisms as cholinergic agonists and affects the intraspinal release of acetylcholine. Microdialysis probes were placed in anesthetized rats for sampling of acetylcholine. Ten and 30 mg/kg lidocaine injected intravenously significantly increased the intraspinal release of acetylcholine. The effect of lidocaine could be reduced by pretreatment with intraspinally administered atropine or mecamylamine. Our results suggest that the antinociceptive effect produced by systemically administered lidocaine is mediated through an action on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
|
|
| 3. |
- Adlerz, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Down-regulation of amyloid precursor protein by peptide nucleic acid oligomer in cultured rat primary neurons and astrocytes
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 336:1, s. 55-59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its proteolytic cleavage products, the amyloid P peptides, have been implicated as a cause of Alzheimer's disease. Peptide nucleic acids (PNA), the DNA mimics, have been shown to block the expression of specific proteins at both transcriptional and translational levels. Generally, the cellular uptake of PNA is low. However, recent studies have indicated that the effect of unmodified antisense PNA uptake is more pronounced in nervous tissue. In this study we have shown that biotinylated PNA directed to the initiator codon region of the APP mRNA (-4 - +11) was taken up into the cytoplasm of primary rat cerebellar granule cells and cortical astrocytes, using fluorescence and confocal microscopy studies. Uptake of PNA was faster in neurons than in astrocytes. Western blotting analysis showed that APP was strongly down-regulated in both neurons and astrocytes. Thus, unmodified PNA can be used for studies on the function of APP in neurons and astrocytes.
|
|
| 4. |
- Amandusson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Estrogen receptor-like immunoreactivity in the medullary and spinal dorsal horn of the female rat
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 196:1-2, s. 25-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using an immunohistochemical technique, we demonstrate that large numbers of neurons in the laminar spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal gray matter of the female rat express estrogen receptors (ER). Densely packed ER-immunoreactive neurons were present in lamina II, but labeled neurons were also present in lamina I, the neck of the dorsal horn, and in lamina X. Labeling was present throughout the length of the spinal cord, with the exception of segments caudal to S1, which were unlabeled. The distribution of ER-containing neurons to areas that are involved in processing of primary afferent nociceptive information suggests that the pain modulatory effects of estrogen may be exerted at the spinal level.
|
|
| 5. |
- Anderson, Emma S., 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing chicken oligodendrocytes express the type IV oligodendrocyte marker T4-O in situ, but not in vitro
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 284:1-2, s. 21-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating data suggest that the oligodendrocyte population includes morphological and biochemical subtypes. We recently reported that a polyclonal antiserum against an unknown antigen, the T4-O molecule, labels a subpopulation of chicken oligodendrocytes, obviously representing the type IV variety of Del Rio Hortega. The present study examines the developmental expression of the T4-O molecule in situ and in vitro. The results show that T4-O immunoreactive cells first appear at E15 in the ventral funiculus. But, oligodendrocytes cultured in vitro with or without neurones do not develop a T4-O immunoreactivity. We conclude that oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of chicken embryos first express the T4-O molecule some time after onset of myelination, and that the T4-O immunoreactive phenotype does not develop in vitro.
|
|
| 6. |
- Birzniece, Vita, et al.
(författare)
-
Ovarian hormone effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine (2A) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (2C) receptor mRNA expression in the ventral hippocampus and frontal cortex of female rats.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 319:3, s. 157-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alterations in female gonadal hormones are associated with anxiety and mood changes. The aim of the present study was to determine influences of chronic gonadal hormone supplementation on 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor mRNA levels in the ventral hippocampus and the frontal cerebral cortex. Ovariectomized adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=37) received implantation of subcutaneous pellets containing different dosages of 17beta-estradiol alone or in combination with progesterone, or placebo pellets, for 2 weeks. Serotonin receptor mRNA levels were analyzed by in situ hybridization in the ventral hippocampus and 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA also in the frontal cortex. Estradiol treatment in combination with low-dose progesterone increased 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA by 43% in the CA2 region of the ventral hippocampus, while estradiol combined with high-dose progesterone increased the expression of this gene by 84% in ventral CA1. 5-HT(2A) mRNA expression in the frontal cortex was not influenced by hormone manipulation. 5-HT(2C) receptor gene expression was in the ventral hippocampus decreased in the CA2, ventral CA1 and the subiculum subregions by high-dose estradiol treatment (8-20% decreases). Effects on mood by gonadal hormones can be mediated, at least partly, through influences on 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor expression.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Edoff, Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Neuropeptide content and physiological properties of rat cartilage-projecting sensory neurones co-cultured with perichondrial cells
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 315:3, s. 141-144
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In young rats the cartilaginous epiphyses forming the knee joint are supplied with blood vessels and peptidergic sensory nerve fibres through the perichondrium and cartilage canals. In the present study we show that cartilage-related dorsal root ganglion neurones co-cultured with perichondrial cells develop extensive neurite trees and express calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in in vivo-like proportions using retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, whole cell patch clamp recordings from these cells showed that the majority is depolarised by application of H+-ions. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that a local imbalance of blood flow and metabolism during normal skeletal maturation may cause tissue acidosis eliciting release of CGRP/SP from sensory nerve endings.
|
|
| 9. |
- Engblom, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution of prostaglandin EP3 and EP4 receptor mRNA in the rat parabrachial nucleus
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 281:2-3, s. 163-166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using in situ hybridization, the distribution of mRNA for the PGE2 receptors EP3 and EP4 was examined in the rat parabrachial nucleus (PB), a major brain stem relay for autonomic and nociceptive processing. EP3 receptor mRNA was present in most subnuclei, with the densest labeling in the external lateral, dorsal lateral, superior lateral, central lateral and Kölliker–Fuse nuclei. EP4 receptor mRNA expressing cells had a more restricted distribution, largely being confined to the superior lateral and adjacent parts of the dorsal and central lateral nuclei in a pattern complementary to that for EP3 receptor mRNA. These findings suggest that EP3 and EP4 receptors in PB have distinct functional roles that include nociceptive processing, blood pressure regulation and feeding behavior.
|
|
| 10. |
- Engström, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Preproenkephalin mRNA expression in rat parabrachial neurons: relation to cells activated by systemic immune challenge
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 316:3, s. 165-168
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using a dual-labeling immunohistochemical/in situ hybridization technique we examined if enkephalin-expressing neurons in the pontine parabrachial nucleus, a major brain stem relay for ascending visceral and homeostatic information, were activated by systemic immune challenge. While rats subjected to intravenous injection of bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide expressed dense labeling for the immediate-early gene product FOS in parts of the parabrachial nucleus that also demonstrated dense preproenkephalin expression, only a small proportion of the enkephalin-positive neurons were FOS-positive. These data indicate that enkephalins, although implicated in a variety of autonomic responses, are not primarily involved in the transmission of immune-related information from the parabrachial nucleus to its different forebrain and brain stem targets.
|
|
| 11. |
- Erhardt, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
-
Kynurenic acid levels ae elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 313:1-2, s. 96-98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kynurenic acid is an endogenous glutamate antagonist with a preferential action at the glycine-site of the N-methyl D-aspartate-receptor. Mounting evidence indicate that the compound is significantly involved in basal neurophysiological processes in the brain. In the present investigation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of kynurenic acid was analyzed in 28 male schizophrenic patients and 17 male healthy controls by means of high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Schizophrenic patients showed elevated CSF levels of kynurenic acid (1.67 ▒ 0.27 nM) compared to the control group (0.97 ▒ 0.07 nM). Furthermore, CSF levels of kynurenic acid in schizophrenic patients were also found to correlate with age. The present finding is indicative of a contribution of kynurenic acid in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. ⌐ 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 12. |
- Fernandez, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Brain function in a patient with torture related post-traumatic stress disorder before and after fluoxetine treatment : a positron emission tomography provocation study
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 297:2, s. 101-104
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report positron emission tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a male patient with war and torture related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during symptom provocation. The subject was exposed to war related sounds before and after treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI; Fluoxetine; Fontex((R))). Therapy reduced PTSD symptoms, provoked anxiety and heart rate. Before treatment trauma reminders resulted in decreased rCBF in the insula, prefrontal, and inferior frontal cortices. Increased activity was evident in the cerebellum, precuneus and supplementary motor cortex. This was normalized after SSRI administration. Prefrontal and cingulate rCBF correlated with heart rate. Hence, the anxiolytic effect of SSRI for PTSD could be mediated by prefrontal and paralimbic cortices. Data suggest that SSRI treatment normalize provocation induced rCBF alterations in areas involved in memory, emotion, attention and motor-control.
|
|
| 13. |
- Giacobini, MaiBritt M J, et al.
(författare)
-
Differential effects of platelet-derived growth factors on fetal hippocampal and cortical grafts : evidence from intraocular transplantation in rats
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 136:2, s. 227-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on developing parietal cortex (E16) and hippocampal (E18-E19) grafts were studied using the in vivo method of intraocular transplantation. Survival and growth of grafts in the anterior eye chamber of adult host rats under the influence of regular treatments with 0.5 ng (in a 100 ng/ml concentration) PDGF-AA or PDGF-BB was followed and compared to those receiving vehicle solution alone (0.5 mg HSA/ml Hanks). Both PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB increased the volume of transplanted cortical grafts. PDGF-BB also exerted trophic effects on grafted hippocampal tissue whereas PDGF-AA seemed to inhibit hippocampal growth. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed an increase in the density of astroglial elements in PDGF-AA- and PDGF-BB-treated cortical grafts whereas the PDGF-AA- and PDGF-BB-treated hippocampal grafts maintained a cytoarchitecture closely resembling that of control grafts. These findings support in vitro experiments showing that developing glial cells are stimulated by PDGFs and we further propose regional differences of action of PDGFs in the developing central nervous system.
|
|
| 14. |
- Hallbeck, Martin, 1970-
(författare)
-
Dynorphin mRNA-expressing neurons in the rat paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus project to the spinal cord
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 285:3, s. 161-164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The opioid peptide dynorphin is important for the regulation of neuronal activity in the spinal cord. Because dynorphin is produced by neurons throughout the neuraxis, there are many putative sources for spinal dynorphin fibers, in addition to those originating from spinal cord neurons. Using a sensitive double-labeling technique combining in situ hybridization and tract tracing, the present study demonstrates that the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) of adult naı̈ve male Sprague–Dawley rats contains large numbers of dynorphin mRNA-producing cells with projections to the spinal cord. Thus, more than 40% of the spinally projecting neurons in PVH were found to express dynorphin mRNA. This novel finding suggests that the PVH is a major source of spinal dynorphin that may be of importance for the processing of pain and visceral information.
|
|
| 15. |
- Hallbeck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Preprovasopressin mRNA is not present in dorsal root ganglia of the rat
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 209:10, s. 125-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunohistochemical studies on colchic ine-treated rats have suggested that more than half of the neurons in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain vasopressin. Thus, vasopressin would be the most commonly found peptide in DRG neurons. In the present study we have reexamined the presence of vasopressin in DRG neurons, using a sensitive in situ hybridization method employing long riboprobes that will detect very small amounts of mRNA. The C3, C6, T2, T12, L2 and L5 DRG were studied. None of these ganglia contained any preprovasopressin mRNA. Yet, dense labeling for preprovasopressin mRNA was seen on simultaneously processed hypothalamic sections and a heavy preprotachykinin mRNA expression was seen in adjacent DRG sections. These findings demonstrate that vasopressin is not produced in DRG in normal rats.
|
|
| 16. |
- Hamlin, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
AMPA-selective glutamate receptor subunits and their relation to glutamate-and GABA-like immunoreactive terminals in the nucleus submedius of the rat
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 217:2-3, s. 149-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glutamate plays an important role in supraspinal nociceptive systems. Thus, glutamate is present in the nucleus submedius of the medial thalamus, a major relay for nociceptive information. In this study, immunoreactivity for the four subunits (GluR1-4) of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxasoleproprionate (AMPA) receptors was examined by a preembedding immunohistochemical method in order to evaluate the presence of this glutamate receptor subtype in the nucleus submedius. Combining the preembedding method with a postembedding immunogold technique, we found that AMPA receptor-like immunoreactivity was present postsynaptically to glutamatergic terminals but not to terminals containing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These findings suggest a role for AMPA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission in the nucleus submedius of the rat thalamus.
|
|
| 17. |
- Hansson, Thomas, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
-
Tactile stimulation of the hand causes bilateral cortical activation : A functional magnetic resonance study in humans
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 271:1, s. 29-32
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to assess the somatotopy of the cortical sensory representation of the fingers using a natural tactile stimulation of the glabrous skin. Multislice echoplanar imaging techniques were utilized to investigate blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes as a measure of cortical activation. Repetitive sensory stimulation of the glabrous skin of digit II–III and digit IV–V resulted in a multifocal signal increase in a restricted area near the central sulcus in the contralateral hemisphere with a considerable overlap between the activated areas of digit II–III and digit IV–V. In addition, in all subjects tactile stimulation resulted in ipsilateral signal increase near the central sulcus, which was 15–22% of the contralateral effect. Stimulation of digit II–III caused significantly (P<0.05) more activated voxels than digit IV–V in the contralateral hemisphere for both hands and for the left hand in the ipsilateral hemisphere. These findings suggest an ipsilateral activation of the primary somatosensory cortex during a natural tactile stimulation of the digits in humans.
|
|
| 18. |
- Hart, Andrew McKay, et al.
(författare)
-
Pharmacological enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat by systemic acetyl-L-carnitine treatment
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 334:3, s. 181-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peripheral nerve trauma remains a major cause of morbidity, largely due to the death of similar to40% of innervating sensory neurons, and to slow regeneration after repair. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) is a physiological peptide that virtually eliminates sensory neuronal death, and may improve regeneration after primary nerve repair. This study determines the effect of ALCAR upon regeneration after secondary nerve repair, thereby isolating its effect upon neuronal regenerative capacity. Two months after unilateral sciatic nerve division 1 cm nerve graft repairs were performed (n = 5), and treatment with 50 mg/kg/day ALCAR was commenced for 6 weeks until harvest. Regeneration area and distance were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry. ALCAR treatment significant increased immunostaining for both nerve fibres (total area 264% increase, P < 0.001; percentage area 229% increase, P < 0.001), and Schwann cells (total area 264% increase, P < 0.05; percentage area 86% increase, P < 0.05), when compared to no treatment. Regeneration into the distal stump was greatly enhanced (total area 2242% increase, P = 0.008; percentage area 3034% increase, P = 0.008). ALCAR significantly enhances the regenerative capacity of neurons that survive peripheral nerve trauma, in addition to its known neuroprotective effects.
|
|
| 19. |
- Kastrup, Y, et al.
(författare)
-
Progesterone receptor expression in the brainstem of the female rat
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 275:2, s. 85-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, the presence of neurons expressing progesterone receptor mRNA (PR mRNA) and progesterone receptor-like immunoreactivity (PR-LI) was examined in the brainstem and spinal cord of female rats. Neurons expressing PR mRNA and PR-LI were seen in the ventrolateral medulla, the parvocellular reticular formation and the nucleus of the solitary tract. PR mRNA, but not PR-LI, was seen in the hypoglossal nucleus, the inferior olive, the locus coeruleus and the parabrachial nucleus. No consistent labeling was present in the spinal cord. These findings show that progesterone receptors are expressed in brainstem areas involved in various functions, including autonomic regulation and pain modulation.
|
|
| 20. |
- Korhonen, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Brain derived neurotrophic factor is increased in cerebrospinal fluid of children suffering from asphyxia
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - Biomed Ctr, Dept Dev Neurobiol, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Kuopio, Childrens Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Niigata Univ, Brain Res Inst, Niigata 951, Japan. : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 240:3, s. 151-154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor that is relatively highly expressed in developing and adult brain. Whereas clinical determinations of nerve growth factor (NGF) in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in different conditions have been undertaken there are no reports on levels of BDNF in human CSF. Here we show that BDNF is increased in CSF of neonatal children suffering from asphyxia which is characterised by periods of brain hypoxic-ischemia. In contrast to BDNF, levels of CSF NGF were largely decreased in these children. The present results show that BDNF can be detected in human CSF and that the levels increase following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. As suggested by animal studies the increased BDNF might counteract neuronal damage observed in these patients following asphyxia. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
|
|
| 21. |
- Korotkov, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in human regional cerebral blood flow following hypertonic saline induced experimental muscle pain : a positron emission tomography study
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 335:2, s. 119-123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A positron emission tomography imaging study was performed on 16 healthy volunteers to reveal changes in cortical activation during acute muscle pain induced by intra-muscular injection of hypertonic saline into the left triceps brachii muscle. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured with the use of [(15)O] labelled water during 'Rest1', 'Needle' (insertion of a needle without injection), 'Rest2' and 'Pain' conditions. Differences in rCBF were found in the comparison of Pain and Needle, and Pain and Rest2 conditions, revealing activation of the contralateral insula and putamen. The results are discussed with respect to possible differences in brain processing of muscle and cutaneous noxious inputs.
|
|
| 22. |
- Lillesaar, Christina, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Denervation does not affect the growth of rat vibrissae
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 261:1-2, s. 69-72
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the hypothesis that neural factors influence the growth of rat vibrissae. We divided the vibrissae in rows α-δ, 1 and 2 and examined their regrowth during the first complete growth period in normal and nerve-lesioned rats. The lesions used were denervation through neonatal capsaicin treatment, surgical sympathecomy in adult rats, neurectomy of the mandibular and buccal branches of the facial nerve in adult rats or division of the infraorbital nerve in adult rats. Normal vibrissae developed a length of 51.1 mm and a diameter of 178 μm (row α-δ), 44.1 mm and 181 μm (row 1) and 33.2 mm and 165 μm (row 2). In all experimental groups the examined vibrissae developed a normal final length and proximal diameter. This indicates that local nerves do not influence vibrissal growth to any major extent.
|
|
| 23. |
- Ploj, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term effects on brain opioid and opioid receptor like-1 receptors after short periods of maternal separation in rats
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 345:3, s. 195-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short periods of maternal separation of neonatal rats are known to induce attenuated behavioural and neuroendocrine responses to stress in adult life. The present study was carried out to evaluate whether 15 min separation from the dam during postnatal days 1-21 (MS15) can induce long-term changes in brain opioid (kappa- and delta-receptors) and opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) densities in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Receptor autoradiography indicated that MS15 rats had increased delta-receptor density in the basomedial amygdala compared to animal facility reared rats 2 months after MS15. No differences in brain kappa- or ORL1-receptor density were found. The results indicate that a manipulation early in life can induce persistent neurochemical changes in the delta-opioid receptor system, which suggests involvement of delta-opioid receptors in the altered emotional processing in these rats.
|
|
| 24. |
- Stiller, C O, et al.
(författare)
-
Local administration of morphine decreases the extracellular level of GABA in the periaqueductal gray matter of freely moving rats.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 209:3, s. 165-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opioids are generally believed to activate descending pain inhibitory pathways from the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). Since opioids exert an inhibitory effect on neural excitability and transmitter release, an opioid-mediated inhibition of tonically active inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons has been suggested to mediate this effect. The aim of the present microdialysis study was to investigate the effect of local administration of morphine on the extracellular GABA level in the PAG of awake rats. The recently developed and highly sensitive method of capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection was used for GABA determination in microdialysate samples obtained from the PAG of freely moving rats. The basal GABA level was 54.5 +/- 6.6 nM (n = 8; mean +/- SEM). Perfusion of the dialysis probe with morphine (100 microM) for 30 min significantly decreased the GABA level to 28.2 +/- 4.2 nM (n = 8; P < 0.05). The effect of morphine was reversed by coperfusion with naloxone (100 microM in the perfusion fluid). The present results thus provide direct experimental evidence for an opioid-induced inhibition of tonic GABA release in the PAG, which may in turn lead to a disinhibition of descending pain inhibitory pathways.
|
|
| 25. |
- Wallin, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Intraneural stimulation as a method to study sympathetic function in the human skin.
- 1983
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 36:2, s. 189-194
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intraneural electrical stimulation of sympathetic postganglionic axons was made in human skin nerves combined with recordings of skin resistance and a photoelectric pulse plethysmogram within the innervation zone. Tungsten microelectrodes were used first to record multiunit sympathetic activity in sural or median nerves. After blocking the nerve with local anaesthetics proximal to the recording site the electrodes were then used for intraneural stimulation. Stimulation led to reduction of skin resistance which was frequency dependent. A short train of stimuli reduced skin resistance transiently and the response was potentiated by a single stimulus delivered up to 2.5 min. prior to the train. Vasoconstrictor responses did not always occur and were relatively independent of stimulation frequency. The method may be useful for physiological and pathophysiological studies of sympathetic neuroeffector transmission in man.
|
|
| 26. |
- Westermark, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Increase in bombesin-like peptides in the spinal cord after dexamethasone treatment of adrenalectomized rats
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 275:3, s. 179-182
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential influence of corticosteroids on the bombesin (BN)-like peptide family is unknown. Therefore, the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) on the nervous system of Sprague-Dawley rats, some of them being treated with high doses of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX), were investigated. After 8-10 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed and tissues were prepared for radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunohistochemical examination. We found an increase in BN-like immunoreactivity in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord in the ADX + DEX animals. This increase was confirmed by RIA (P < 0.05). The observations show that the expression of BN-like peptides is influenced by glucocorticoids. The altered levels of BN-like peptides may be related to the trophic and antinociceptive effects previously reported for these peptides. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 27. |
- Aaltonen, Olli, et al.
(författare)
-
Brain responses reveal hardwired detection of native-language rule violations
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 444:1, s. 56-59
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a neural correlate of the preattentive detection of any change in the acoustic characteristics of sounds. Here we provide evidence that violations of a purely phonological constraint in a listener's native language can also elicit the brain's automatic change-detection response. The MMN differed between Finnish and Estonian listeners, conditions being equal except for the native language of the listeners. We used two experimental conditions: synthetic vowels in isolation and the same vowels embedded in a pseudo-word context. MMN responses to isolated vowels were similar for Finns and Estonians, while the same vowels in a pseudoword context elicited different MMN patterns depending on the listener's mother tongue.
|
|
| 28. |
- Ahmadi, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of a protective paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphism in Parkinson's disease
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 522:1, s. 30-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pesticide exposure has been suggested to increase the risk to develop Parkinson's disease (PD). The arylesterase paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is mainly expressed in the liver and hydrolyzes organophosphates such as pesticides. The polymorphism Leu54Met (rs854560) in PON1, impairing enzyme activity and leading to decreased PON1 expression levels, has been reported to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). PON1 is part of a cluster on chromosome 7q21.3 together with PON2 and PON3. We investigated the occurrence of four additional polymorphisms in PON1 and two in PON2 in a Swedish PD case-control material. We found a significant association (p = 0.007) with a PON1 promoter polymorphism, rs854571. The minor allele was more common among controls than PD cases which suggest a protective effect. This is strengthened by the fact that rs854571 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with another PON1 promoter polymorphism, rs854572, reported to increase PON1 gene expression. Our findings support the hypothesis that PON1 is involved in the etiology of PD and that higher PON1 levels are reducing the risk for PD. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 29. |
- Alsiö, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure to a high-fat high-sugar diet causes strong up-regulation of proopiomelanocortin and differentially affects dopamine D1 and D2 receptor gene expression in the brainstem of rats
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 559, s. 18-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strong link between obesity and dopamine (DA) has been established by studies associating body weight status to variants of genes related to DA signalling. Human and animal studies investigating this relationship have so far focused mainly on the role of DA within the mesolimbic pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate potential DA receptor dysregulation in the brainstem, where these receptors play a potential role in meal termination, during high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHS) exposure. Expression of other key genes, including proopiomelanocortin (POMC), was also analyzed. We randomized rats into three groups; ad libitum access to HFHS (n=24), restricted HFHS access (n=10), or controls (chow-fed, n=10). After 5 weeks, brainstem gene expression was investigated by qRT-PCR. We observed an increase in POMC expression in ad libitum HFHS-fed rats compared to chow-fed controls (p<0.05). Further, expression of DA D2 receptor mRNA was down-regulated in the brainstem of the HFHS ad libitum-fed rats (p<0.05), whereas expression of the DA D1 receptor was upregulated (p<0.05) in these animals compared to chow-fed rats. In control experiments, we observed no effect relative to chow-fed controls on DA-receptor or POMC gene expression in the hypothalamus of HFHS diet-exposed rats, or in the brainstem of acutely food deprived rats. The present findings suggest brainstem POMC to be responsive to palatable foods, and that DA dysregulation after access to energy-dense diets occurs not only in striatal regions, but also in the brainstem, which could be relevant for overeating and for the development and maintenance of obesity.
|
|
| 30. |
- Alsiö, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Motivation for sucrose in sated rats is predicted by low anxiety-like behavior
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 454:3, s. 193-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anxiety has been implicated in obesity and in the overconsumption of highly palatable foods such as those high in fat, sugar, or both. Also, the novelty-seeking trait has been associated with failure in weight-loss programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of experimental anxiety and the self-administration of sucrose and high fat pellets in non-food deprived rats across different operant schedules. Male Wistar rats were subjected to the elevated plus-maze test (EPM) of anxiety-like behavior. The rats were tested for fixed ratio 5 (FR5) and progressive ratio (PR) operant responding for 50% sucrose, 95% sucrose, and high-fat pellets. PR active lever press response for 95% sucrose, but not the other pellet types, was correlated to % time spent on open arms (P=0.019) in the EPM. On the FR5 schedule, activity (closed arm entries) was correlated to the self-administration of 50% sucrose (P=0.027) and high-fat (P=0.002). This indicates an association of novelty-induced activity and self-administration of palatable food in sated rats, as well as a specific association of PR lever press response for 95% sucrose and low anxiety-like behavior. It has been argued that such active lever press response on PR may be interpreted as craving for the reinforcer; thus, our findings indicate an inverse relationship of experimental anxiety and craving for sucrose. This connection may have implications for human situations, since anxiety and novelty-seeking have been associated with obesity and failure in weight-loss programs.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Andreou, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between a locus downstream DRD1 gene and cerebrospinal fluid dopamine metabolite concentrations in psychosis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 619, s. 126-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dopamine activity, mediated by the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine, is prominent in the human brain and has been implicated in schizophrenia. Dopamine targets five different receptors and is then degraded to its major metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA). We hypothesized that genes encoding dopamine receptors may be associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HVA concentrations in patients with psychotic disorder. We searched for association between 67 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five dopamine receptor genes i.e., DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4 and DRD5, and the CSF HVA concentrations in 74 patients with psychotic disorder. Nominally associated SNPs were also tested in 111 healthy controls. We identified a locus, located downstream DRD1 gene, where four SNPs, rs11747728, rs11742274, rs265974 and rs11747886, showed association with CSF HVA concentrations in psychotic patients. The associations between rs11747728, which is a regulatory region variant, and rs11742274 with HVA remained significant after correction for multiple testing. These associations were restricted to psychotic patients and were absent in healthy controls. The results suggest that the DRD1 gene is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis and support the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Armstrong, Stephanie J, et al.
(författare)
-
Laminin activates NF-kappaB in Schwann cells to enhance neurite outgrowth.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 439:1, s. 42-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and Schwann cells (SCs) are important components of peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in SC activation in response to laminin and the subsequent effect on in vitro neurite outgrowth was investigated. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis showed that compared with poly-d-lysine (PDL), laminin enhanced the phosphorylation of IkappaB and p65 NF-kappaB signalling proteins in SCs. Phospho NF-kappaB-p65 was localised to the nucleus indicating activation of NF-kappaB. To assess the functional effect of NF-kappaB activation, SCs plated on PDL or laminin were pre-treated with NF-kappaB inhibitors, 6-amino-4-(4-phenoxyphenylethylamino)quinazoline (QNZ) or Z-leu-leu-leu-CHO (MG-132) before NG108-15 neuronal cells were seeded on the SC monolayer. After 24h co-culture in the absence of inhibitors, SCs seeded on laminin enhanced the mean number and length of neurites extended by NG108-15 cells (1.87+/-0.13 neurites; 238.74+/-8.53microm) compared with those cultured in the presence of SCs and PDL (1.26+/-0.07 neurites; 157.57+/-9.80microm). At 72h, neurite length had further increased to 321.83+/-6.60microm in the presence of SCs and laminin. Inhibition of NF-kappaB completely abolished the effect of laminin on SC evoked neurite outgrowth at 24h and reduced the enhancement of neurite length by over 60% at 72h. SC proliferation was unaffected by NF-kappaB inhibition suggesting that the NF-kappaB signalling pathway plays a discrete role in the activation of SCs and their neurotrophic potential.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Berge-Seidl, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
-
The GBA variant E326K is associated with Parkinson's disease and explains a genome-wide association signal
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 658, s. 48-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Coding variants in the GBA gene have been identified as the numerically most important genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified associations with PD in the SYT11-GBA region on chromosome 1q22, but the relationship to GBA coding variants have remained unclear. The aim of this study was to sequence the complete GBA gene in a clinical cohort and to investigate whether coding variants within the GBA gene may be driving reported association signals. Methods: We analyzed high-throughput sequencing data of all coding exons of GBA in 366 patients with PD. The identified low-frequency coding variants were genotyped in three Scandinavian case-controls series (786 patients and 713 controls). Previously reported risk variants from two independent association signals within the SYT11-GBA locus on chromosome 1 were also genotyped in the same samples. We performed association analyses and evaluated linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the variants. Results: We identified six rare mutations (1.6%) and two low-frequency coding variants in GBA. E326K (rs2230288) was significantly more frequent in PD patients compared to controls (OR 1.65, p = 0.03). There was no clear association of T369M (rs75548401) with disease (OR 1.43, p = 0.24). Genotyping the two GWAS hits rs35749011 and rs114138760 in the same sample set, we replicated the association between rs35749011 and disease status (OR 1.67, p = 0.03), while rs114138760 was found to have similar allele frequencies in patients and controls. Analyses revealed that E326K and rs35749011 are in very high LD (r(2) 0.95). Conclusions: Our results confirm that the GBA variant E326K is a susceptibility allele for PD. The results suggest that E326K may fully account for the primary association signal observed at chromosome 1q22 in previous GWAS of PD.
|
|
| 37. |
- Bergenheim, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Spontaneous bursting neuronal discharges recorded from peripheral nerve in human : injury discharges or not?
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 359:1-2, s. 1-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with a spontaneous, bursting neuronal activity which can not be altered by any stimulation in the periphery or voluntary actions or by cognitive tasks. An initial description of such units led to the conclusion that this activity was generated ectopically at the site of a previous or present impalement of a nerve fibre. The aim of the current study was to record a larger number of these units by using microneurography, in order to characterise their firing properties and particularly, see if any subtypes of units could be identified. In conclusion, this paper suggests that some of these discharges could be related to an injury of the nerve fibre, however most of them could not. Some hypothesis regarding the nature of these bursting activities are suggested.
|
|
| 38. |
- Besga, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in brain cholesterol metabolism and insulin in two subgroups of patients with different CSF biomarkers but similar white matter lesions suggest different pathogenic mechanisms
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 510:2, s. 121-126
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigate possible associations of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) with the metabolism of cholesterol and insulin in two subgroups of patients with memory complaints and different CSF A beta 42 and CSF tau levels. 59 patients from the memory clinic at Karolinska Hospital were included. Degree of WMHs was rated using the ARWMC scale and the following biomarkers were measured in CSF and plasma: insulin, cholesterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, and oxidized cholesterol metabolites. The WMHs in CSF control-like group correlated with increased brain cholesterol synthesis and reduced efflux of oxysterols and insulin in CSF. In the CSF AD-like group, the WMHs correlated with increased peripheral cholesterol metabolism. Despite having similar appearance on FLAIR images, the pathogenic mechanisms of WMHS are likely to be different in the two groups investigated.
|
|
| 39. |
- Birgner, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
-
Altered extracellular levels of DOPAC and HVA in the rat nucleus accumbens shell in response to sub-chronic nandrolone administration and a subsequent amphetamine challenge
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 412:2, s. 168-172
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associated with acts of violence and polydrug use, abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is an increasing problem in society. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether sub-chronic treatment with the AAS nandrolone decanoate affects dopamine release and dopamine metabolism in the rat nucleus accumbens shell, before and after an amphetamine challenge. Male Sprague–Dawley rats received daily i.m. injections of nandrolone decanoate (15 mg/kg) or vehicle for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were anaesthetized and a microdialysis probe was implanted into the nucleus accumbens shell. Extracellular fluid was collected 1 h before and 3 h after a single amphetamine injection (5 mg/kg). The samples were then analyzed regarding the content of dopamine, and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Two weeks of nandrolone decanoate administration caused a significant decrease of the basal DOPAC and HVA levels, which remained low during the first hour following the amphetamine challenge. Dopamine levels did not differ significantly between groups, neither after the nandrolone pre-treatment nor the amphetamine challenge. In conclusion, these novel findings indicate that AAS alter the metabolism of dopamine in a brain region involved in the development of drug dependence.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Blennow, Kaj, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Longitudinal stability of CSF biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 419:1, s. 18-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomarker levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may serve as surrogate markers for treatment efficacy in clinical trials of disease-modifying drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD). A prerequisite, however, is that the marker is sufficiently stable over time in individual patients. Here, we tested the stability of the three established CSF biomarkers for AD, total tau (T-tau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau181) and the 42 amino acid isoform of β-amyloid (Aβ42), over 6 months in a cohort of AD patients on stable treatment with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Fifty-three patients completed the study, 29 men and 24 women, mean age (±S.D.) 76.1 ± 7.9 years. Mean levels of CSF biomarkers were very stable between baseline and endpoint, with coefficients of variation (CVs) of 4.4–6.1%. Intra-individual biomarker levels at baseline and endpoint were also highly correlated with Pearson r-values above 0.95 (p < 0.0001), for all three markers. We conclude that T-tau, P-tau and Aβ42 concentrations in CSF are remarkably stable over a 6-month period in individual AD patients. This suggest that these biomarkers may have a potential to identify and monitor very minor biochemical changes induced by treatment, and thus support their possible usefulness as surrogate markers in clinical trials with drug candidates with disease-modifying potential, such as secretase inhibitors, Aβ immunotherapy and tau phosphorylation inhibitors.
|
|
| 42. |
- Bonnard, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Different strategies to compensate for the effects of fatigue revealed by neuromuscular adaptation processes in humans.
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 166:1, s. 101-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An initially submaximal hopping task was maintained with the same global power output until it became the maximal performance; since there was no decrease in performance, any change in behavior occurring with fatigue characterizes the strategies allowing to compensate for the effects of fatigue. In a prolonged hopping task, fatigue is likely to be most prominent in the ankle extensor muscles since they are the main contributors to vertical propulsion in the hop. With fatigue, all subjects landed with more flexed knees and with an increased activity in the biarticular rectus femoris muscle indicating some compensation between the knee and ankle joint. Furthermore, two different strategies appeared to further compensate for the important fatigue of the ankle extensor muscles: one was organized across joints and consisted in a heavier reliance of the knee extensor vastus lateralis, and the other was organized within the fatigued joint and consisted in an earlier preactivation of the gastrocnemius. As a consequence, two different adaptations of the ground reaction force profiles appeared at the end of the session; each being related to one of these two strategies.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Brolin, Erika, et al.
(författare)
-
The mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) is decreased in the rat frontal cortex following gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) administration
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 646, s. 15-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, growth hormone (GH), together with its secondary mediators insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), have been highlighted for their beneficial effects in the central nervous system (CNS), in particular as cognitive enhancers. Cognitive processes, such as learning and memory, are known to be impaired in individuals suffering from substance abuse. In the present study, we investigated the effect of gamma-hydroxybuturate (GHB), an illicit drug used for its sedating and euphoric properties, on genes associated with the somatotrophic axis in regions of the brain important for cognitive function. Sprague Dawley rats (n =36) were divided into three groups and administered either saline, GHB 50 mg/kg or GHB 300 mg/kg orally for seven days. The levels of Ghr, Igf1 and Igf2 gene transcripts were analyzed using qPCR in brain regions involved in cognition and dependence. The levels of IGF-1 in blood plasma were also determined using ELISA. The results demonstrated a significant down-regulation of Igf1 mRNA expression in the frontal cortex in high-dose treated rats. Moreover, a significant correlation between Igf1 and Ghr mRNA expression was found in the hippocampus, the frontal cortex, and the caudate putamen, indicating local regulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis. To summarize, the current study concludes that chronic GHB treatment influences gene expression of Ghr and Igf1 in brain regions involved in cognitive function.
|
|
| 46. |
- Broom, Wendy J, et al.
(författare)
-
DNA sequence analysis of the conserved region around the SOD1 gene locus in recessively inherited ALS
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 463:1, s. 64-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) accounts for 10% of all ALS cases; 12-23% are associated with mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1). All ALS-linked SOD1 mutations present with a dominant pattern of inheritance apart from the aspartate to alanine mutation in exon 4 (D90A). This mutation has been observed in dominant, recessive and apparently sporadically cases. SOD1(D90A/D90A) ALS cases have a very slow disease progression (>10 years), raising the hypothesis that modifier genes linked to SOD1 ameliorate the phenotype of recessively inherited SOD1(D90A/D90A) mutations. Previous sequence analysis of a conserved haplotype region around the SOD1 gene did not reveal any functional polymorphisms within known coding or putative regulatory regions. In the current study we expanded the previous analyses by sequencing the entire SOD1 conserved haplotypic region. Although many polymorphisms were identified, none of these variants explain the slowly progressive phenotype observed in patients with recessive SOD1(D90A) mutations. This study disproves the hypothesis that there is a tightly linked genetic protective factor specifically located close to the SOD1 gene in SOD1(D90A) mediated ALS.
|
|
| 47. |
- Broom, Wendy J, et al.
(författare)
-
SOD1A4V-mediated ALS : absence of a closely linked modifier gene and origination in Asia
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 430:3, s. 241-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) accounts for 10% of all ALS. Approximately 20% of cases are due to mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1). In North America, SOD1(A4V) is the most common SOD1 mutation. Carriers of the SOD1(A4V) mutation share a common phenotype with rapid disease progression and death on average occurring at 1.4 years (versus 3-5 years with other dominant SOD1 mutations). Previous studies of SOD1(A4V) carriers identified a common haplotype around the SOD1 locus, suggesting a common founder for most SOD1(A4V) patients. In the current study we sequenced the entire common haplotypic region around SOD1 to test the hypothesis that polymorphisms in either previously undescribed coding regions or non-coding regions around SOD1 are responsible for the more aggressive phenotype in SOD1(A4V)-mediated ALS. We narrowed the conserved region around the SOD1 gene in SOD1(A4V) ALS to 2.8Kb and identified five novel SNPs therein. None of these variants was specifically found in all SOD1(A4V) patients. It therefore appears likely that the aggressive nature of the SOD1(A4V) mutation is not a result of a modifying factor within the region around the SOD1 gene. Founder analysis estimates that the A4V mutation occurred 540 generations (approximately 12,000 years) ago (95% CI 480-700). The conserved minimal haplotype is statistically more similar to Asian than European population DNA sets, suggesting that the A4V mutation arose in native Asian-Americans who reached the Americas through the Bering Strait.
|
|
| 48. |
- Bruzzo, Angela, et al.
(författare)
-
Hand–object interaction in perspective
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 441, s. 61-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 49. |
- Case, Laura K., et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibitory rTMS of secondary somatosensory cortex reduces intensity but not pleasantness of gentle touch
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 653, s. 84-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research suggests that the discriminative and affective aspects of touch are processed differently in the brain. Primary somatosensory cortex is strongly implicated in touch discrimination, whereas insular and prefronal regions have been associated with pleasantness aspects of touch. However, the role of secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) is less clear. In the current study we used inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to temporarily deactivate S2 and probe its role in touch perception. Nineteen healthy adults received two sessions of 1-Hz rTMS on separate days, one targeting right S2 and the other targeting the vertex (control). Before and after rTMS, subjects rated the intensity and pleasantness of slow and fast gentle brushing of the hand and performed a 2-point tactile discrimination task, followed by fMRI during additional brushing. rTMS to S2 (but not vertex) decreased intensity ratings of fast brushing, without altering touch pleasantness or spatial discrimination. MRI showed a reduced response to brushing in S2 (but not in S1 or insula) after S2 rTMS. Together, our results show that reducing touch evoked activity in S2 decreases perceived touch intensity, suggesting a causal role of S2 in touch intensity perception. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
|
|
| 50. |
- Cervenka, Simon
(författare)
-
PET radioligands for the dopamine D1-receptor : Application in psychiatric disorders
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 691, s. 26-34
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dopamine (DA) system is considered to be centrally involved in the pathophysiotogy of several major psychiatric disorders. Using positron emission tomography (PET), aberrations in dopamine D2/D3-receptors (D2-R) levels and uptake of the DA precursor FDOPA have been shown for schizophrenia, substance abuse and depression. Radioligands for the dopamine D1-receptor (D1-R) have been available for more than three decades, however this receptor subtype has received much less attention in psychiatry research. Here, studies investigating D1-R in psychiatric patients in comparison to healthy control subjects are summarized. Although small sample sizes, medication effects and heterogeneous methods of quantification limit the conclusions that can be drawn, the data is suggestive of higher levels of cortical D1-R in drug naive patients with psychosis, and lower D1-R in patients with affective disorders. Data sharing and reanalysis using harmonized methodology are important next steps towards clarifying the role of D1-R in these disorders.
|
|
