| 1. |
- Lilja, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of extended preoperative information on perioperative stress : an anaesthetic nurse intervention for patients with breast cancer and total hip replacement
- 1998
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 14:6, s. 276-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An anaesthetic nurse intervention was performed in order to evaluate the effects of extended preoperative information, given by anaesthetic nurses, on perioperative stress in patients operated on for breast cancer or total hip replacement (THR). Forty-six consecutive patients scheduled for surgery for breast cancer, and 55 for THR, were randomized into two groups which were given different modes of preoperative information. Patients in the control group were informed about pre-and postoperative routines by a ward nurse. Patients in the intervention group were given extended formalized information by an anaesthetic nurse. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to show relations between variables. There were no significant differences between the intervention group and control group for patients with breast cancer or for patients with THR. Breast cancer patients in the intervention group were significantly more anxious than THR patients in the intervention group (P<0.01). Breast cancer patients in the intervention group showed the highest anxiety scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scale on the day of surgery. This information may reflect an increased level of anxiety due to the extended information given preoperatively. The information may thus have had a negative effect on breast cancer patients, resulting in an increased state of anxiety. The result indicates a need for individualized modes of information to provide a proper balance between enough and too much information. © 1998 Harcourt Brace & Co. Ltd.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Jenni, et al.
(författare)
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Expanded CAG repeats in Swedish Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) patients : effect of repeat length on the clinical manifestation
- 1998
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 7:2, s. 171-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar ataxia 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of the cerebellum, brainstem and retina. The gene responsible for SCA7, located on chromosome 3p, recently was cloned and shown to contain a CAG repeat in the coding region of the gene, that is expanded in SCA7 patients of French origin, We examined the SCA7 repeat region in four Swedish SCA7 families as well as in 57 healthy controls, All Swedish SCA7 patients exhibited expanded CAG repeats with a strong negative correlation between repeat size and age of onset, The repeat length in SCA7 patients ranged from 40 to >200 repeats, The largest expansion was observed in a juvenile case with an age of onset of 3 months, and represents the longest polyglutamine stretch ever reported, In patients with 59 repeats or more, visual impairment was the most common initial symptom observed, while ataxia predominates in patients with <59 repeats. Two of the Swedish SCA7 families analysed in this study were shown to be related genealogically, The other two SCA7 families could not be traced back to a common ancestor, All four families shared the same allele on the disease chromosome at a locus closely linked to SCA7, suggesting the possibility of a founder effect in the Swedish population.
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| 4. |
- Laporte, J., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the myotubularin dual specificity phosphatase gene family, from yeast to human
- 1998
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 7:11, s. 1703-1712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a severe congenital muscle disorder due to mutations in the MTM1 gene. The corresponding protein, myotubularin, contains the consensus active site of tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) but otherwise shows no homology to other phosphatases. Myotubularin is able to hydrolyze a synthetic analogue of tyrosine phosphate, in a reaction inhibited by orthovanadate, and was recently shown to act on both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine. This gene is conserved down to yeast and strong homologies were found with human ESTs, thus defining a new dual specificity phosphatase (DSP) family. We report the presence of novel members of the MTM gene family in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, Drosophila, mouse and man. This represents the largest family of DSPs described to date. Eight MTM-related genes were found in the human genome and we determined the chromosomal localization and expression pattern for most of them. A subclass of the myotubularin homologues lacks a functional PTP active site. Missense mutations found in XLMTM patients affect residues conserved in a Drosophila homologue. Comparison of the various genes allowed construction of a phylogenetic tree and reveals conserved residues which may be essential for function. These genes may be good candidates for other genetic diseases.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lindahl, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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The role of advocacy in critical care nursing : a caring response to another
- 1998
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Churchill Livingstone. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 14:4, s. 179-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim of clarifying critical care nursing, six critical care nurses, working in a Swedish intensive care unit (ICU) were each asked to narrate a care situation with which they had been satisfied or dissatisfied. The stories were tape-recorded and analysed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach inspired by the philosophy of Ricoeur. The themes uncovered in the analysis describe the nurse's role of advocacy as: to build a caring relationship, to carry out a commitment, to empower, to make room for and interconnect, to be a risk-taker, to be a moral agent and to create a trusting atmosphere conducive to recovery. The meaning of the role of advocacy lies in a moral and existential response to another human being, an expression of caring. Advocacy rests on the patient-nurse relationship and occurs as an outspoken demand of another human being whose autonomy is threatened. The results are discussed from the ethical perspectives of Lögstrup, Watson's concept of care, and existential advocacy as expressed by Gadow.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Sköllerhorn, Erland, 1960-
(författare)
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Habermas and nature : The theory of communicative action for studying environmental policy
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Routledge. - 0964-0568 .- 1360-0559. ; 41:5, s. 555-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Habermas's theory of communicative action is used in this paper to develop a cultural model for empirical studies of environmental policy processes. The model consists of three cultural ideal types: anthropocentric material; anthropocentric immaterial; and ecocentric immaterial. Obstacles to social learning and public participation, such as forms and styles of reasoning and the exclusion of citizens, are brought into focus. Finally, the model functions as a criticism of a pure liberal view of environmental problems.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Social stratification and out-of-school learning
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 176:3, s. 679-701
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the effects of out-of-school learning we use data on children who stayed in boarding houses while attending public elementary schools in Sweden in the 1940s. The out-of-school environment at the boarding houses could be considered as being more conducive to learning than the home environment: the pupils at the boarding houses had daily scheduled time for doing their homework with the assistance of a junior school teacher and, in addition, they had access to a small library. The placement at boarding houses was based on the distance from their place of residence to the nearest school and thus had no direct connection to the pupils' skills, which simplifies the empirical analysis based on register data. We find that the more conducive learning environment equalized skills at school leaving age, and the effect was greater for children with poor initial ability.
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| 13. |
- Lu, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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The sensitivity of respondent-driven sampling
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 175:1, s. 191-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers in many scientific fields make inferences from individuals to larger groups. For many groups, however, there is no list of members from which to draw a random sample. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a relatively new sampling methodology that circumvents this difficulty by using the social networks of the groups under study. The RDS method has been shown to provide unbiased estimates of population proportions given certain conditions. The method is now widely used in human immunodeficiency virus related studies among high risk populations globally. We test the RDS methodology by simulating RDS studies on the social networks of a large Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Web community. The robustness of the RDS method is tested by violating, one by one, the conditions under which the method provides unbiased estimates. Simulations indicate that the bias is large if networks are directed or respondents choose to invite people on the basis of characteristics that are correlated with the study outcomes. The bias and variance increase if participants invite close as opposed to more distant friends whereas sampling in denser networks sharply reduces variance. However, the RDS method shows strong resistance to sampling without replacement, low response rates and certain errors in the participants reporting of their network sizes, as well as the selection criteria of seeds. The effects of network structure and the number of seeds and coupons are also discussed.
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| 14. |
- Pohl, Steffi, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling method effects as individual causal effects
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 171:1, s. 41-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Method effects often occur when different methods are used for measuring the same construct. We present a new approach for modelling this kind of phenomenon, consisting of a definition of method effects and a first model, the method effect model, that can be used for data analysis. This model may be applied to multitrait-multimethod data or to longitudinal data where the same construct is measured with at least two methods at all occasions. In this new approach, the definition of the method effects is based on the theory of individual causal effects by Neyman and Rubin. Method effects are accordingly conceptualized as the individual effects of applying measurement method j instead of k. They are modelled as latent difference scores in structural equation models. A reference method needs to be chosen against which all other methods are compared. The model fit is invariant to the choice of the reference method. The model allows the estimation of the average of the individual method effects, their variance, their correlation with the traits (and other latent variables) and the correlation of different method effects among each other. Furthermore, since the definition of the method effects is in line with the theory of causality, the method effects may (under certain conditions) be interpreted as causal effects of the method. The method effect model is compared with traditional multitrait-multimethod models. An example illustrates the application of the model to longitudinal data analysing the effect of negatively (such as 'feel bad') as compared with positively formulated items (such as 'feel good') measuring mood states.
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| 15. |
- Angelov, Nikolay, et al.
(författare)
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Practical causal analysis for the treatment timing effect on doubly censored duration : effect of fertility on work span
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 182:4, s. 1561-1585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a practical causal framework to estimate the effects of a treatment and its timing on a doubly censored response. We then apply the methodology to find the effect of fertility on work duration where, not just fertility itself, but the timing of fertility should matter greatly. Since fertility and its decision of timing are chosen by the individual, it is likely to be endogenous. We use a populationwide data set over mothers with two children to address the endogeneity issue by using the first two children's same-sex instrument in a 'control function' setting. We find that having a third child reduces the average labour market work duration, and that the magnitude of the effect increases monotonically with the waiting time between the second and third children. Moreover, the negative effect varies substantially over education and second-birth age, being stronger for mothers with higher education and lower second-birth age.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bijlsma, Maarten J., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the socio-economic determinants of fertility : a mediation analysis using the parametric g-formula
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 183:2, s. 493-513
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theories predict that the timing of childbearing and number of children born are determined by multiple socio-economic factors. Despite this, many methods cannot investigate the interrelationships between these determinants, including the direct and indirect influence that they have on fertility over the life course. Here we use the parametric g-formula to examine the interdependent influences of time-varying socio-economic processes-education, employment status and partnership status-on fertility. To demonstrate this approach, we study a cohort of women who were born in the UK in 1970. Our results show that socio-economic processes play an important role in determining fertility, not only directly but also indirectly. We show that increasing attendance in higher education has a largely direct effect on early childbearing up to age 25 years, resulting in a substantial increase in childlessness. However, childbearing at later ages is dominated by an indirect effect of education on fertility, via partnership status and employment status, that is twice as large as the direct effect. We also use the g-formula to examine bias due to unobserved heterogeneity, and we demonstrate that our results appear to be robust. We conclude that the method provides a valuable tool for mediation analysis in studies of interdependent life course processes.
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| 18. |
- Bolin, David, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Functional ANOVA modelling of pedestrian counts on streets in three European cities
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1467-985X .- 0964-1998. ; 184:4, s. 1176-1198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relation between pedestrian flows, the structure of the city and the street network is of central interest in urban research. However, studies of this have traditionally been based on small data sets and simplistic statistical methods. Because of a recent large-scale cross-country pedestrian survey, there is now enough data available to study this in greater detail than before, using modern statistical methods. We propose a functional ANOVA model to explain how the pedestrian flow for a street varies over the day based on its density type, describing the nearby buildings, and street type, describing its role in the city’s overall street network. The model is formulated and estimated in a Bayesian framework using hour-by-hour pedestrian counts from the three European cities, Amsterdam, London and Stockholm. To assess the predictive power of the model, which could be of interest when building new neighbourhoods, it is compared with four common methods from machine learning, including neural networks and random forests. The results indicate that this model works well but that there is room for improvement in capturing the variability in the data, especially between cities.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Frumento, P, et al.
(författare)
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Parametric modelling of M-quantile regression coefficient functions with application to small area estimation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Small area estimation methods can be used to obtain reliable estimates of a parameter of interest within an unplanned domain or subgroup of the population for which only a limited sample size is available. A standard approach to small area estimation is to use a linear mixed model in which the heterogeneity between areas is accounted for by area level effects. An alternative solution, which has gained popularity in recent years, is to use M-quantile regression models. This approach requires much weaker assumptions than the standard linear mixed model and enables computing outlier robust estimators of the area means. We introduce a new framework for M-quantile regression, in which the model coefficients, β(τ), are described by (flexible) parametric functions of τ. We illustrate the advantages of this approach and its application to small area estimation. Using the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions data, we estimate the average equivalized household income in three Italian regions. The paper is accompanied by an R package Mqrcm that implements the necessary procedures for estimation, inference and prediction.
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| 21. |
- Ghilagaber, Gebrenegus, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Adjusting for selection bias in assessing the relationship between sibship size and cognitive performance
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 178:4, s. 925-944
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consistent negative correlations between sibship size and cognitive performance (as measured by IQ and other mental aptitude tests) have been observed in past empirical studies. However, the issue of potential selection process in the decision to have larger families (largersibship size) has been partly neglected in past single- and multilevel investigations. The present work extends existing knowledge in three aspects: (1) as factors affecting decision to increase family size may vary across the number and composition of current family size, we propose a sequential probit model (as opposed to binary or ordered models) for the propensity to increase sibship size; (2) we investigate if families who choose to increase family size are a representative random sample of the population of families or there exists selection; (3) in order to disentangle selection and causality we propose a multilevel multiprocess modelling where a continuous model for performance is estimated jointly with a sequential probit model for family-size decisions. The issues are illustrated through analyses of scores on PIAT tests among children of the NLSY79. We found substiantial between-family heterogeneity in the propensity to increase family size - thereby providing empirical evidence in support of the admixture hypothesis. Ignoring such adverse selection led to overestimation of the negative effects of sibship size on cognitive performance but our multiprocess modelling could mitigate the biasing effects of selection.
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| 22. |
- Johansson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Worker absenteeism : peer influences, monitoring and job flexibility
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 182:2, s. 605-621
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the presence of other‐regarding preferences in the workplace by exploiting a randomized experiment that changed the monitoring of workers’ health during sick leave. We show that workers’ response to an increase in co‐worker shirking, induced by the experiment, is much stronger than the response to a decrease in co‐worker shirking. The asymmetric spillover effects are consistent with evidence of fairness concerns documented in laboratory experiments. Moreover, we find that the spillover effect is driven by workers with highly flexible and autonomous jobs, suggesting that co‐worker monitoring may be at least as important as formal monitoring in alleviating shirking.
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| 23. |
- Jorda, Vanesa, et al.
(författare)
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Inequality measurement with grouped data : Parametric and non-parametric methods
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 184:3, s. 964-984
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grouped data in the form of income shares have conventionally been used to estimate income inequality due to the lack of individual records. We present a systematic evaluation of the performance of parametric distributions and non-parametric techniques to estimate economic inequality using more than 3300 data sets. We also provide guidance on the choice between these two approaches and their estimation, for which we develop the GB2group R package. Our results indicate that even the simplest parametric models provide reliable estimates of inequality measures. The non-parametric approach, however, fails to represent income distributions accurately.
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| 24. |
- Koop, Gary, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating short data into large mixed-frequency vector autoregressions for regional nowcasting
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 187:2, s. 477-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interest in regional economic issues coupled with advances in administrative data is driving the creation of new regional economic data. Many of these data series could be useful for nowcasting regional economic activity, but they suffer from a short (albeit constantly expanding) time series which makes incorporating them into nowcasting models problematic. Regional nowcasting is already challenging because the release delay on regional data tends to be greater than that at the national level, and 'short' data imply a 'ragged edge' at both the beginning and the end of regional data sets, which adds a further complication. In this paper, via an application to the UK, we investigate various ways of including a wide range of short data into a regional mixed-frequency vector autoregression (MF-VAR) model. These short data include hitherto unexploited regional value-added tax turnover data. We address the problem of the two ragged edges by estimating regional factors using different missing data algorithms that we then incorporate into our MF-VAR model. We find that nowcasts of regional output growth are generally improved when we condition them on the factors, but only when the regional nowcasts are produced before the national (UK-wide) output growth data are published.
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| 25. |
- Koskinen, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian analysis of social influence
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Wiley. - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 185:4, s. 1855-1881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The network influence model is a model for binary outcome variables that accounts for dependencies between outcomes for units that are relationally tied. The basic influence model was previously extended to afford a suite of new dependence assumptions and because of its relation to traditional Markov random field models it is often referred to as the auto logistic actor-attribute model (ALAAM). We extend on current approaches for fitting ALAAMs by presenting a comprehensive Bayesian inference scheme that supports testing of dependencies across subsets of data and the presence of missing data. We illustrate different aspects of the procedures through three empirical examples: masculinity attitudes in an all-male Australian school class, educational progression in Swedish schools, and unemployment among adults in a community sample in Australia.
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| 26. |
- Koskinen, Johan, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Multilevel longitudinal analysis of social networks
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 186:3, s. 376-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMs) are a modelling framework for analysing network dynamics using network panel data. This paper extends the SAOM to the analysis of multilevel network panels through a random coefficient model, estimated with a Bayesian approach. The proposed model allows testing theories about network dynamics, social influence, and interdependence of multiple networks. It is illustrated by a study of the dynamic interdependence of friendship networks and minor delinquency. Data were available for 126 classrooms in the first year of secondary school, of which 82 were used, containing relatively few missing data points and having not too much network turnover.
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| 27. |
- Rocha, Luis E. C., et al.
(författare)
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Respondent-driven sampling bias induced by community structure and response rates in social networks
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 180:1, s. 99-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sampling hidden populations is particularly challenging by using standard sampling methods mainly because of the lack of a sampling frame. Respondent-driven sampling is an alternative methodology that exploits the social contacts between peers to reach and weight individuals in these hard-to-reach populations. It is a snowball sampling procedure where the weight of the respondents is adjusted for the likelihood of being sampled due to differences in the number of contacts. The structure of the social contacts thus regulates the process by constraining the sampling within subregions of the network. We study the bias induced by network communities, which are groups of individuals more connected between themselves than with individuals in other groups, in the respondent-driven sampling estimator. We simulate different structures and response rates to reproduce real settings. We find that the prevalence of the estimated variable is associated with the size of the network community to which the individual belongs and observe that low degree nodes may be undersampled if the sample and the network are of similar size. We also find that respondent-driven sampling estimators perform well if response rates are relatively large and the community structure is weak, whereas low response rates typically generate strong biases irrespectively of the community structure.
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| 28. |
- Schouten, Barry, et al.
(författare)
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Does more balanced survey response imply less non-response bias?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 179:3, s. 727-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, various indicators have been proposed as indirect measures of non-response error in surveys. They employ auxiliary variables, external to the survey, to detect non-representative or unbalanced response. A class of designs known as adaptive survey designs maximizes these indicators by applying different treatments to different subgroups. The natural question is whether the decrease in non-response bias that is caused by adaptive survey designs could also be achieved by non-response adjustment methods. We discuss this question and provide theoretical and empirical considerations, supported by a range of household and business surveys. We find evidence that more balanced response coincides with less non-response bias, even after adjustment. © 2016 The Royal Statistical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 29. |
- Wijayatunga, Priyantha, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Discussion on the meeting on 'Data visualization'
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. - UK : Royal Statistical Society. - 0964-1998 .- 1467-985X. ; 182:2, s. 433-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Visualizing both conditional and marginal associations in contingency tables by using simple diagrams is discussed
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Basnet, Shyam Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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A Bayesian econometrics and risk programming approach for analysing the impact of decoupled payments in the European Union*
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. - : Wiley. - 1364-985X .- 1467-8489. ; 65:3, s. 729-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimate a risk-based programming, individual farm model and apply it to study the wealth effects of crop-related, decoupled direct payments under the European Union (EU) Common Agricultural Policy. The model expands on previous work on estimating risk-based programming models by applying a robust Bayesian econometric framework. The results indicate that the wealth effect varies greatly between individual farms, but that its impact on aggregate crop production is small. For larger farms, in particular, removing the decoupled payments, while keeping total land constant, increases the diversity of the cropping plan.
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| 34. |
- Ferguson, Shon
(författare)
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Global commodity market disruption and the fallout
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. - : Wiley. - 1364-985X .- 1467-8489. ; 66, s. 737-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The war in the breadbasket of Europe, which spawned at the heels of the once-in-a-lifetime pandemic, sent major cereal prices spiralling upward. The unprecedented sequence of events leading to and including the war has tested the resilience of global commodity markets and the craftsmanship of policymakers. While the circumstances may differ, the disruption of global commodity markets is not exactly uncharted territory, with many examples and experiences from near and distant history. By showcasing anecdotal and empirical evidence from the past, this study puts the current crisis and its consequences in perspective and offers an outlook with a specific focus on low- and middle-income countries.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Hammarlund, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Economic and environmental effects of replacing bottom trawling with fishing with creels
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. - : Wiley. - 1364-985X .- 1467-8489. ; 65:1, s. 94-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bottom trawling is associated with negative external effects such as seafloor pressure and high fuel use. Replacing bottom trawls with passive gear, such as creels, is therefore interesting for policymakers. We investigate the response of the Norway lobster fishery in Sweden to an expanded creel area. Using an economic model (FishRent), we analyse fleet structure, net present value and two environmental indicators under five management scenarios. Our results show that expanding the creel area increases the number of creel fishers, while some trawlers leave the fishery. In total, the net present value and the environmental performance of the fishery improve.
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| 37. |
- Huang, Wei
(författare)
-
Balancing economic revenue and grazing pressure of livestock grazing on the Qinghai–Tibetan–Plateau
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. - : Wiley. - 1364-985X .- 1467-8489. ; 61, s. 645-662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treating grazing pressure as an undesirable output of livestock grazing in a directional distance function improves understanding of how economic behaviour affects the environment. Field survey data from 193 livestock grazing households combined with remotely sensed net primary productivity (NPP) data on the Qinghai-Tibetan-Plateau was used to develop a directional output-orientation distance function. The average efficiency of livestock grazing households is 0.817 when incorporating grazing pressure as an undesirable output, which means that households can achieve 18.3% more output and decrease proportional grazing pressure holding all inputs fixed. The relative shadow price of undesirable grazing pressure to good output grazing revenue is estimated to be between 1.795 and 3.986. According to the Morishima elasticity of substitution between inputs, there is a significant complementary relationship between grassland, labour and capital.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Zeleke Aklilu, Abenezer, et al.
(författare)
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A pound for information or a penny for cure : Farmers' economic decisions on testing and treatment of livestock diseases
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1364-985X .- 1467-8489. ; 68:2, s. 460-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Livestock productivity and profitability are threatened by livestock diseases. In this study, we examine farmers' revealed preferences for testing and treating gastrointestinal parasites in sheep in Sweden, taking into account the sequential structure of these decisions. We control for preventive measures, as well as the potential impact of wildlife–livestock disease transmission on farmers' decisions. A zero-inflated ordered probit model is used to estimate the determinants of farmers' decisions, and we cross-validate the robustness of the results to alternative model assumptions. Results from the regressions are used to calculate the consequences of these choices for farmers' profits. The results show that treatment decisions are informed by faecal testing, while both testing and treatment are influenced by the grazing practices, the size of the operation and access to information. Contrary to expectations from the conceptual framework, preventive management practices are positively correlated with treatment. Farmers take multiple risk factors into account when deciding on testing, but we do not find that the same factors affect the outcome of treatment. The economic impacts are small and suggest that treatment without prior testing is more profitable for the farmer than informed treatment. If widespread treatment increases drug resistance, this could motivate policies that encourage testing.
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| 40. |
- Dobers, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Union-Jacking the research agenda. A study of the frontstage and backstage of Business Strategy and the Environment 1992-1998
- 2000
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP.. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836. ; 9:1, s. 46-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this discussion article is to show some descriptive characteristics of research carried out in environmental management. Thus, it is an invitation for reflection on environment-related research in management. To start this reflection, we use data from Business Strategy and the Environment (BSE) in the years from 1992 to 1998. BSE is a journal that is to a great extent dedicated to research on environment-related management issues. To identify characteristics of environment-related research in management, we utilize data from the frontstage of the journal (published articles and their authors) and from the backstage (references used in these articles). The database includes the titles and authors of 150 articles and their 4297 references. We present descriptive data on key terminology, country origins of the articles, number of references used per article over time, age changes of the stock of references, most cited authors and most cited works. Based on these observations we draw conclusions concerning power structures and formulate research questions that will contribute to a better understanding of the research in strategic environmental management. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
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| 41. |
- Sundholm, Göran
(författare)
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“Inference versus consequence” revisited : inference, consequence, conditional, implication
- 2012
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Ingår i: Synthese. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0039-7857 .- 1573-0964. ; 187:3, s. 943-956
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inference versus consequence, an invited lecture at the LOGICA 1997 conference at Castle Liblice, was part of a series of articles for which I did research during a Stockholm sabbatical in the autumn of 1995. The article seems to have been fairly effective in getting its point across and addresses a topic highly germane to the Uppsala workshop. Owing to its appearance in the LOGICA Yearbook 1997, Filosofia Publishers, Prague, 1998, it has been rather inaccessible. Accordingly it is republished here with only bibliographical changes and an afterword.
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| 42. |
- Johansson, Maria Vredin
(författare)
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Incentives and outcomes : Evaluation of a Swedish environmental subsidy programme
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0964-0568 .- 1360-0559. ; 50:3, s. 343-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper empirically evaluates a Swedish government subsidy to environmental sustainability, the Local Investment Programme ( LIP). During the programme period, 1998 2002, more than (sic)670 million was granted to 1814 different municipal projects, making it the largest Swedish subsidization to ecological sustainability to date. For the 682 projects evaluated here, it was found that the projects were rewarded smaller subsidies than granted. To explain the gap between granted and rewarded subsidies, the gap was decomposed into a quantity effect, depending on the quantified environmental and employment outcomes of the projects, and a price effect, depending on the government's valuation of these outcomes. Whereas no statistically significant quantity effect was found, there was a large statistically significant price effect, indicating that the government paid the municipalities less than promised in the granting decision.
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| 43. |
- Berlin, Daniel, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Do leopards ever change their spots? The development of political trust among Swedish Green Party sympathisers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0964-4016 .- 1743-8934. ; 21:1, s. 131-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although starting out as a protest movement in the early 1980s, the Swedish Greens moved to become a contractual supporter of Social Democratic governments from 1998 to 2006, and then became an active partner of the Red–Green Coalition seeking parliamentary power in the 2010 general elections. Against the background of lingering strife between ‘fundis’ and ‘realos’ in Green parties, national survey data is used to analyse how this shift from anti- to pro-system party has affected political trust among Swedish Green sympathisers. Although the general level of political trust among Green sympathisers goes up during the period of ever closer cooperation with the Social Democrats, the effect of being a Green Party sympathiser remains negatively associated with political trust regardless of proximity to power. Possible explanations of this pattern, which seems exclusively attached to former anti-parties, are discussed.
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| 44. |
- Ählström, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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The lack of a critical perspective in environmental management research: distortion in the scientific discourse.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836. ; 18:5, s. 334-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although a lack of critical perspective in environmental management has been acknowledged, the frequency of this perspective has not been measured. This was noted in the editorial of Business Strategy and the Environment (BSE) 1998, where Richard Welford called for more critical theory in environmental management. BSE can be seen as a forerunner in the field. Therefore, it could be expected that the most critical and reflective research contributing to sustainable development in companies could be published in the journal. In order to analyse the extent to which critical perspective is present in environmental management, we reviewed the last six years of BSE. We found that the studies undertaken generally follow the positivist paradigm, which almost exclusively echoes marginal adjustments. Papers with a critical perspective are in the minority. Using Jürgen Habermas' work on communicative action and discourse, we conclude that there is a distortion in this scientific discourse. Copyright © 2007 John WileyXX1Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
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| 45. |
- Wallen, E. Flygare, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity among persons with a recorded diagnosis of intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - : WILEY. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 62:4, s. 269-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity and lack of physical activity are frequently reported in persons with intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We hypothesised a higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in this population.Method: We used administrative data for all primary and specialist outpatient and inpatient healthcare consultations for people with at least one recorded diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or obesity from 1998 to 2015. Data were drawn from the central administrative database for Stockholm County, Sweden. It was not possible to separate data for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We stratified 26988 individuals with IDs or ASD into three groups, with Down syndrome treated separately, and compared these groups with 1996140 people from the general population.Results: Compared with the general population, men and women with ID/ASD had 1.6-3.4-fold higher age-adjusted odds of having a registered diagnosis of obesity or diabetes mellitus, with the exception of diabetes among men with Down syndrome. A registered diagnosis of hypertension was only more common among men with ID/ASD than in the general population.Conclusions: Diabetes and blood pressure health screening, along with efforts to prevent development of obesity already in childhood, are necessary for individuals with IDs and ASD. We believe that there is a need for adapted community-based health promotion programmes to ensure more equitable health for these populations.
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| 46. |
- Jörgensen, Tove Lund, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial variability in habitat structure and heterogenic coral reef fish assemblages inside a small-scale marine reserve after a coral mass mortality event
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 114, s. 32-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coral reefs at the inner granitic islands in the Seychelles were heavily affected by the worldwide bleaching event in 1998, which led to subsequent coral mortality and widespread phase shifts to macroalgae dominated reefs. In this study, five sites within a small, but well enforced marine reserve at Cousin Island, were investigate using various methods to explore differences in coral habitat quality, coral recruitment, fish assemblages, key invertebrate grazers, and rugosity. The objective of the study was to collect a broad set of scientific data, which could be useful to describe linkage between coral reef and fish assemblages after a large-scale disturbance, as well as for future management decisions regarding marine resources, in terms of MPA protection and recovery abilities. The results showed high spatial variation in coral coverage between sites (from 1.5% to 43.2%), which were higher than previously reported, as well as high variation in dispersal of coral recruits. Furthermore, there were large heterogenic differences in fish densities and composition, which were directly linked to coral habitat quality, e.g. total fish abundance was 15 times higher on sites with high coral coverage in comparison to sites with low coral cover. In summary, this study demonstrates that coral reef habitat and fish assemblage may display high spatial variability and heterogenic differences after large-scale disturbances and suggests that potential recovery from coral mass mortality may occur in a non-linear and patchy procedure, which in turn may depend on underlying stocastical processes that affect coral recruitment and survivorship.
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