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| 4. |
- Schneider, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Sports injuries among adolescents : Incidence, causes and consequences
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : WILEY. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 48:10, s. E183-E189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 1-year incidence, location, type, mechanism and severity of sports injuries for adolescents in Germany. Methods: Data were from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents, a nationwide study of n = 17 641 children and adolescents. Analyses were based on a weighted total sample size of nw = 7451 adolescents between 11 and 17 years of age, 51% of them boys. Results: A total of 577 adolescents (8%) reported having experienced a sports injury during the past year. Collisions and falls were reported as being the most important causes. The most frequent diagnoses were contusions, dislocations, strains and sprains (60%), followed by fractures (26%). Most injuries (88%) were treated on an outpatient basis with only 12% resulting in hospitalisation. Gender-specific analyses showed that 9% of the boys and 7% of the girls suffered from a sports injury during the past year. After adjusting for the level of physical activity, these gender differences disappeared (ORgirls 0.94; 95% confidence intervals: 0.741.18). Excluding injuries incurred from falls while horse riding, there were no gender differences in the mechanism of injury. Among boys, 30% of all injuries were fractures, among girls 20% (P < 0.05). Apart from fractures, no further differences between the sexes in the range of diagnoses were identified. Conclusions: Although these results suggest that the risk of sports injuries does not differ significantly based on adolescents' gender, the incidence rate of adolescent sports injuries within Germany is relatively high.
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| 5. |
- Wilmshurst, Jo M, et al.
(författare)
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Rescue therapy with high-dose oral phenobarbitone loading for refractory status epilepticus
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : Wiley. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 46:1-2, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Parenteral phenobarbitone was unavailable in South Africa from 2005 to 2006. This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of enteral phenobarbitone in the management of childhood status epilepticus. Method: Patients in status epilepticus (December 2005-June 2006) received 20 mg/kg phenobarbitone via nasogastric tube in addition to standard status interventions (benzodiazepine boluses, phenytoin infusion). Phenobarbitone concentrations were taken post loading. Phenobarbitone population pharmacokinetics was analysed using non-linear mixed effects modelling. Results: Sixteen patients (7 female, 9 male) were assessed, median age 5 months (range 9 days-168 months). Nine patients received 20 mg/kg; the maximum total dosage administered was 80 mg/kg with a concentration of 283 micromol/L. The typical population value of the volume of distribution was 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8-1.6) L/kg with interindividual variability (as coefficient of variation) of 53% (95% CI, 9-74%). Seizure control was documented within 1 h (n= 8), 1(1)/(2) h (n= 1), 3 h (n= 1) and 4 h (n= 5) following enteral phenobarbitone loading. No adverse effects were apparent from the enteral phenobarbitone administration. Conclusion: Patients tolerated enteral loading with phenobarbitone. A single enteral loading dose resulted in adequate phenobarbitone exposure. This practice was a safe intervention for centres lacking parenteral phenobarbitone. Therapeutic concentrations and seizure control after enteral loading suggested a role for enteral phenobarbitone in the management of acute status epilepticus as well as prophylaxis against seizure recurrence.
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| 6. |
- Chmielewska, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review : Early infant feeding practices and the risk of wheat allergy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 53:9, s. 889-896
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Wheat is a common allergen. Early feeding practices (breastfeeding, potentially allergenic foods) might affect the risk of allergy. To systematically evaluate the association between early feeding practices and the risk of wheat allergy and sensitisation. Methods: Five databases were searched for studies of any design up to July 2015. Results: We included seven studies (five observational, low to moderate quality, two randomised controlled trials (RCTs), high quality). The results come from observational studies unless stated otherwise. Longer breastfeeding was associated with wheat allergy (two studies,n = 1847) and sensitisation (one study, n = 3781). Evidence for exclusive breastfeeding was contradictory; longer exclusive breastfeeding wasassociated with either lower (one study, n = 408) or higher (one study, n = 3781) risk of wheat sensitisation. Breastfeeding at gluten introductiondid not affect the risk of wheat allergy (two studies, n = 2581). Introducing cereal ≥7 months of age increased the risk of wheat allergy (onestudy, n = 1612), but results from an RCT (n = 1303) showed no effect. Early introduction of gluten was associated with a reduced risk of wheat sensitisation up to 5 years in one observational study (n = 3781) but not in RCTs (n = 1303). Conclusions: Based on limited evidence, the influence of breastfeeding and an early exposure to gluten on the risk of wheat allergy remain uncertain. There is no evidence supporting breastfeeding at gluten introduction as modifying the risk. Early introduction of gluten might reducethe risk of sensitisation, but currently, no evidence exists that it affects the risk of wheat allergy.
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| 7. |
- Duitama, Sandra M., et al.
(författare)
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Soy protein supplement intake for 12 months has no effect on sexual maturation and may improve nutritional status in pre-pubertal children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : Wiley. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 54:9, s. 997-1004
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate the intake of a soy protein-based supplement (SPS) and its effects on the sexual maturation and nutritional status of prepubertal children who consumed it for a year.Methods: Healthy children (n = 51) were recruited and randomly assigned to consume the lunch fruit juice with (n = 29) or without (n = 22) addition of 45 g of a commercial soy protein-based supplement (SPS) over 12 months. Nutritional assessment including anthropometry (bodyweight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference), body mass index (BMI), upper arm muscle area, arm muscle circumference, upper arm area, upper arm fat area data were derived from measures using usual procedures; age and gender-specific percentiles were used as reference. Sexual maturation was measured by Tanner stage. Isoflavones were quantified using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.Results: Height, BMI/age, weight/age and height/age were significantly different (P < 0.05) at 12 months between girls in the control and intervention groups. Statistically significant differences between groups by gender (P < 0.05) were found in boys in the control group for the triceps skinfold thickness and fat area. Nutritional status was adequate according to the World Health Organization parameters. On average, 0.130 mg/kg body weight/day of isoflavones were consumed by children, which did not show significant differences in their sexual maturation.Conclusion: Consumption of SPS for 12 months did not affect sexual maturation or the onset of puberty in prepubertal boys and girls; however, it may have induced an increase in height, BMI/age, height/age and weight/age of the girls, associated with variations in fat-free mass.
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| 8. |
- Eapen, Valsamma, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal help-seeking for child developmental concerns: Associations with socio-demographic factors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : Wiley. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 53, s. 963-969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine socio-demographic factors associated with maternal help-seeking for child developmental concerns in a longitudinal birth cohort study. An understanding of these factors is critical to improving uptake of services to maximise early identification and intervention for developmental concerns. Methods: A birth cohort was recruited from the post-natal wards of two teaching hospitals and through community nurses in South Western Sydney, Australia, between November 2011 and April 2013. Of the 4047 mothers approached, 2025 consented to participate (response rate = 50%). Socio-demographic and service use information was collected after the child’s birth and when the child was 18 months of age. Sources of help were divided into three categories (formal health services, other formal services and informal supports) and compound variables were created by summing the number of different sources identified by mothers. Results: Significantly more sources of help were intended to be used and/or actually accessed by mothers born in Australia, whose primary language was English, with higher levels of education and annual household income, and among mothers of first-born children. Conclusions: Developmental concerns are known to increase with increased psychosocial adversity. Our findings of reduced intent to access and use of services by socio-economically disadvantaged families and those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds suggests that an inverse care effect is in operation whereby those children with the greatest health needs may have the least access to services. Possible explanations for this, and recommendations for improving service accessibility for these populations through targeted and culturally appropriate services, are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians)
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| 10. |
- Kevat, Priya M., et al.
(författare)
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Adherence rates and risk factors for suboptimal adherence to secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : Wiley. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 57:3, s. 419-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians). Aim: Secondary prophylaxis with 3–4 weekly benzathine penicillin G injections is necessary to prevent disease morbidity and cardiac mortality in patients with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). This study aimed to determine secondary prophylaxis adherence rates in the Far North Queensland paediatric population and to identify factors contributing to suboptimal adherence. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data recorded in the online RHD register for Queensland, Australia, was performed for a 10-year study period. The proportion of benzathine penicillin G injections delivered within intervals of ≤28 days and ≤35 days was measured. A multi-level mixed model logistic regression assessed the influence of age, gender, ethnicity, suburb, Accessibility and Remoteness Index of Australia class, number of people per dwelling, Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage, Index of Education and Occupation, year of inclusion on an ARF/RHD register and individual effect. Results: The study included 277 children and analysis of 7374 injections. No children received ≥80% of recommended injections within a 28-day interval. Four percent received ≥50% of injections within ≤28 days and 46% received ≥50% of injections at an extended interval of ≤35 days. Increasing age was associated with reduced delivery of injections within 35 days. Increasing year of inclusion was associated with improved delivery within 28 days. The random effect of individual patients was significantly associated with adherence. Conclusions: Improved timely delivery of secondary prophylaxis for ARF and RHD is needed as current adherence is very low. Interventions should focus on factors specific to each individual child or family unit.
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| 12. |
- Le, Ha Nd, et al.
(författare)
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Utility-based quality of life in mothers of children with behaviour problems : A population-based study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : Wiley. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 52:12, s. 1075-1080
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To examine the relationship between mothers' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and child behaviour problems at age 2 years. To investigate whether the relationship between maternal HRQoL and child behaviour problems is independent of maternal mental health.METHODS: Cross-sectional survey nested within a population-level, cluster randomised trial, which aims to prevent early child behaviour problems. One hundred and sixty mothers of 2-year-old children, in nine local government areas in Victoria, Australia. HRQoL was measured using the Assessment of Quality of Life 6D and child behaviour was measured using the child behaviour checklist (CBCL/1.5-5 years). Maternal mental health was measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Data were collected at child age 2 years; demographic data were collected at child age 8 months.RESULTS: HRQoL was lower for mothers with children that had borderline/clinical behaviour problems compared to those with children without problems (mean difference -0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.16 to -0.12, P < 0.001). The finding did not markedly change when adjusting for household income, financial security, child gender, child temperament and intervention group status at child age 8 months (mean difference -0.12, 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.09, P < 0.001), but did attenuate when additionally adjusting for concurrent maternal mental health (mean difference -0.03, 95% CI: -0.05 to -0.02, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Child behaviour problems were associated with lower maternal HRQoL. Child behaviour problems prevention programmes could consider this association with maternal HRQoL and be designed to improve and report both mothers' and their child's health and wellbeing.
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| 13. |
- Paudel, Prajwal, et al.
(författare)
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Meconium aspiration syndrome : incidence, associated risk factors and outcome-evidence from a multicentric study in low-resource settings in Nepal
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : WILEY. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 56:4, s. 630-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThe aim of this study was to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcome associated with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).MethodsAn observational study was conducted in 12 public hospitals in Nepal from 1 July 2017 to 29 August 2018. All babies born within the study period were included in the study. Babies who were diagnosed as MAS were designated as outcome. Data were analysed with bivariate analysis followed by multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe overall incidence of MAS was 2.0 per 1000 livebirths. Babies born at post‐term gestation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–5.55), nulliparity (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.20–4.28), instrumental delivery (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI: 2.52–9.10) and caesarean delivery (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI: 2.29–5.89) were significantly associated with MAS. Babies with MAS had a 10‐fold risk for pre‐discharge mortality (odds ratio = 9.87; 95% CI: 5.81–16.76).ConclusionsThe findings in this study are consistent with that reported in other studies. MAS has a high risk of neonatal mortality. Thus, monitoring during pregnancy and labour is necessary for early identification of high‐risk conditions associated with MAS. Strengthening of newborn care services is essential to curtail mortality.
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| 14. |
- Paudel, Prajwal, et al.
(författare)
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Meconium aspiration syndrome: incidence, associated risk factors and outcome-evidence from a multicentric study in low-resource settings in Nepal.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of paediatrics and child health. - : Wiley. - 1440-1754 .- 1034-4810. ; 56:4, s. 630-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcome associated with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).An observational study was conducted in 12 public hospitals in Nepal from 1 July 2017 to 29 August 2018. All babies born within the study period were included in the study. Babies who were diagnosed as MAS were designated as outcome. Data were analysed with bivariate analysis followed by multiple regression analysis.The overall incidence of MAS was 2.0 per 1000 livebirths. Babies born at post-term gestation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-5.55), nulliparity (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.20-4.28), instrumental delivery (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI: 2.52-9.10) and caesarean delivery (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI: 2.29-5.89) were significantly associated with MAS. Babies with MAS had a 10-fold risk for pre-discharge mortality (odds ratio = 9.87; 95% CI: 5.81-16.76).The findings in this study are consistent with that reported in other studies. MAS has a high risk of neonatal mortality. Thus, monitoring during pregnancy and labour is necessary for early identification of high-risk conditions associated with MAS. Strengthening of newborn care services is essential to curtail mortality.
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- Vesey, Renuka M., et al.
(författare)
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Safety, feasibility and efficacy of side-alternating vibration therapy on bone and muscle health in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders : A pilot trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : WILEY. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 56:8, s. 1257-1262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims A pilot study was performed to establish the safety, feasibility and efficacy of vibration therapy (VT) on bone and muscle health in children and adolescents with a range of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods Seventeen participants (15.7 years +/- 2.9 years), with conditions that impacted on their musculoskeletal health, completed 20 weeks of side-alternating VT for 9 min/session, 4 times/week at 20 Hz. Data were collected at baseline and after 20 weeks of intervention. Assessments included whole-body dual-energyX-ray absorptiometry, muscle function (force plate) and 6-min walk test. Results Compliance with the prescribed VT training protocol was relatively high overall at 78% and there were no adverse events reported. After 20 weeks intervention, functional assessments showed time taken to perform the chair test was reduced by 15% (P = 0.018), leg balance improved with standard ellipse area decreasing by 88% (P = 0.006) and distance walked in the 6-min walk test improved by 9% (P = 0.002). Participants displayed increased total body mass (1.94 kg; P = 0.018) with increased lean mass (1.20 kg; P = 0.019) but not fat mass (P = 0.19). There was no change in total body bone mineral density (P = 0.44) or bone mineral content (P = 0.07). Conclusions Twenty weeks of side-alternating VT was a feasible protocol that was associated with improvements in physical function and no detrimental effects on lean mass, bone mass or density in children and adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders.
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| 19. |
- Westberg, Margreta, et al.
(författare)
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Personal smartphones for neonatal diagnostic imaging: A prospective crossover study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : WILEY. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 53:4, s. 343-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimNeonatal clinicians may be asked to review X-ray images when unable to directly access the original image. Transmitting an X-ray image to a smartphone is a technique increasingly being used by clinicians in a number of settings. Minimal data exist on its use in the neonatal setting. Our aim was to compare the ability of neonatal clinicians to correctly diagnose a pneumothorax from a chest radiograph (CXR) viewed on a smartphone, paralleled with the same image viewed on a computer screen. MethodsWe investigated the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predicative value of two methods of viewing CXR images to diagnose pneumothorax, compared with a gold standard radiologist report. Clinicians were presented with 40 CXR images on two occasions, at least 1 week apart. Images were viewed once on a smartphone and once on a computer screen. Both the viewing method and viewing order of the images were randomised. The clinical details of the infant at the time the CXR was taken were provided, and participants were asked if a pneumothorax was present. ResultsTwenty-one clinicians viewed all CXR images using both viewing methods (840 paired observations). There was no difference in accuracy of detecting pneumothorax between viewing methods, 81% correctly identified a pneumothorax using the smartphone, versus 80% using the computer screen (P = 0.40 (95% CI), difference -4 to 1.5%). ConclusionDiagnosis of neonatal pneumothorax was as accurate using a smartphone as viewing CXR images displayed on a computer screen when clinicians were presented with X-rays with diagnosis of pneumothorax.
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| 21. |
- Xiu, Lijuan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of sleep patterns in children with obese and normal-weight parents
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1034-4810 .- 1440-1754. ; 55:7, s. 809-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTo study the sleep development and sleep characteristics in children at different obesity risks, based on parental weight, and also to explore their weekday–weekend sleep variations and associated family factors.MethodsA total of 145 children participating in a longitudinal obesity prevention project were included, of which 37 had normal‐weight parents (low obesity risk), and 108 had overweight/obese parents (high obesity risk). Sleep diaries at ages 1 and 2 years were used to study sleep development in children at different obesity risks. Objectively assessed sleep using an accelerometer at 2 years of age was used to analyse weekday–weekend sleep variations.ResultsThere was no difference in sleep development from age 1 to age 2 among children at different obesity risks, but more children in the high‐risk group had prolonged sleep onset latency and low sleep efficiency. At 2 years of age, children in the high‐risk group had more weekday–weekend variation in sleep offset (mean difference 18 min, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4–33 min), midpoint of sleep (mean difference 14 min, 95% CI 3–25 min) and nap onset (mean difference 42 min, 95% CI 10–74 min) than children in the low‐risk group, after adjusting for other family factors. However, no difference could be detected between groups in weekday–weekend variation in sleep duration.ConclusionsUnfavourable sleep characteristics, as well as more variation in sleep schedules, have been observed in children at high obesity risk. While the differences were relatively small, they may reflect the unfavourable sleep hygiene in families at high obesity risk.
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| 22. |
- Gatzinsky, Cathrine, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Transabdominal ultrasound of rectal diameter in healthy infants: a prospective cohort study during the first year of life
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. - 1034-4810. ; 59:9, s. 1021-1027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimTransabdominal rectal ultrasound (TRU) is used to measure transverse rectal diameter (TRD) in order to diagnose functional constipation (FC) and megarectum, and to evaluate treatment. The proposed cut-off value is 3.0 cm. Currently, no standardised values exist for children below the age of 4. We used repeated TRUs to establish reference TRD values in healthy infants and to describe rectal diameter in infants with FC. MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study enrolled healthy term babies from a maternity department. TRD measurements were taken at 2 and 12 months of age, and questionnaires completed in interviews helped diagnose FC according to Rome III criteria. ResultsTwo hundred TRUs were performed on 110 infants (62 males). In infants without FC anytime, the mean TRD at 2 months was 1.56 (SD 0.32) cm and at 12 months 1.78 (0.47) cm, while the 95th percentiles were 2.26 and 2.64 cm, respectively. In 77 infants with two TRUs, the mean increase was 0.21 cm (95% confidence interval: 0.099-0.318). Thirteen infants were diagnosed with FC during the study period. At 2 and 12 months of age, there was no difference in TRD between infants with and without FC. ConclusionTRD increased from 2 to 12 months. We suggest 2.3 cm as an upper limit for normal TRD at 2 months and 2.6 cm at 12 months. Infants diagnosed with FC did not have a greater TRD than infants without, either before or after treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of TRU in infants with FC or megarectum.
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| 23. |
- Rooth, Dan-Olof
(författare)
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Work out or out of work - The labor market return to physical fitness and leisure sports activities
- 2011
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Ingår i: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 18:3, s. 399-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is the first to present evidence of the return to leisure sports in the job hiring process by sending fictitious applications to real job openings in the Swedish labor market. In the field experiment job applicants were randomly given different information about their type and level of leisure sports. Applicants who signaled sports skills had a significantly higher callback rate of about 2 percentage points, and this effect was about twice as large for physically demanding occupations. Additional evidence of a sports premium in the regular labor market is arrived at when analyzing the long-run impact of physical fitness on later labor market outcomes. The analysis uses register data on adult earnings and physical fitness when enlisting at age 18. The fitness premium, net of unobservable family variables, is in the order of 4-5%, but diminishes to 2% when controlling for non-cognitive skills. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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