| 1. |
- Alm, Per, 1963-
(författare)
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Stuttering and sensory gating : a study of acoustic startle prepulse inhibition
- 2006
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 97:3, s. 317-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was hypothesized that stuttering may be related to impaired sensory gating, leading to overflow of superfluous disturbing auditory feedback and breakdown of the speech sequence. This hypothesis was tested using the acoustic startle prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigm. A group of 22 adults with developmental stuttering were compared with controls regarding the degree of PPI. No significant differences were found between the stuttering adults and the control group; the groups showed similar means and distribution. Likewise, no relation between the degree of PPI and the effect of altered auditory feedback on stuttering was found. In summary, the results of the study indicate that there is no relation between stuttering and PPI.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory pseudoword rhyming effects in bilingual children reflect second language proficiency : An ERP study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated second language (L2-English) phonological processing in 31 Spanish-English bilingual, 6- to 8-year-old schoolchildren in an event-related potential (ERP) auditory pseudoword rhyming paradigm. In addition, associations between ERP effects and L2 proficiency as measured by standardized tests of receptive language and receptive vocabulary were explored. We found a classic posterior ERP rhyming effect that was more widely distributed in children with higher L2 proficiency in group analyses and was larger for children with better L2 proficiency in correlation analyses. In contrast, the amplitude of an early (75–125 ms) auditory pos- itivity was larger in children with lower L2 proficiency. This pattern suggests differential use of early and late auditory/phonological processing resources in the pseudoword rhyme task associated with L2 proficiency, which is consistent with the predictions of the lexical restructuring model in a bilingual context.
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| 3. |
- Andin, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Phonology and arithmetic in the language-calculation network
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 143, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arithmetic and language processing involve similar neural networks, but the relative engagement remains unclear. In the present study we used fMRI to compare activation for phonological, multiplication and subtraction tasks, keeping the stimulus material constant, within a predefined language-calculation network including left inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus (AG) as well as superior parietal lobule and the intraparietal sulcus bilaterally. Results revealed a generally left lateralized activation pattern within the language-calculation network for phonology and a bilateral activation pattern for arithmetic, and suggested regional differences between tasks. In particular, we found a more prominent role for phonology than arithmetic in pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus but domain generality in pars triangularis. Parietal activation patterns demonstrated greater engagement of the visual and quantity systems for calculation than language. This set of findings supports the notion of a common, but regionally differentiated, language-calculation network. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 4. |
- Araújo, Susana, et al.
(författare)
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Lexical and sublexical orthographic processing: An ERP study with skilled and dyslexic adult readers.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 141, s. 16-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This ERP study investigated the cognitive nature of the P1-N1 components during orthographic processing. We used an implicit reading task with various types of stimuli involving different amounts of sublexical or lexical orthographic processing (words, pseudohomophones, pseudowords, nonwords, and symbols), and tested average and dyslexic readers. An orthographic regularity effect (pseudowords-nonwords contrast) was observed in the average but not in the dyslexic group. This suggests an early sensitivity to the dependencies among letters in word-forms that reflect orthographic structure, while the dyslexic brain apparently fails to be appropriately sensitive to these complex features. Moreover, in the adults the N1-response may already reflect lexical access: (i) the N1 was sensitive to the familiar vs. less familiar orthographic sequence contrast; (ii) and early effects of the phonological form (words-pseudohomophones contrast) were also found. Finally, the later N320 component was attenuated in the dyslexics, suggesting suboptimal processing in later stages of phonological analysis.
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| 5. |
- Borgström, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Substantial gains in word learning ability between 20 and 24 months: A longitudinal ERP study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 149, s. 33-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This longitudinal ERP study investigated changes in children’s ability to map novel words to novel objects during the dynamic period of vocabulary growth between 20 and 24 months. During this four-month period the children on average tripled their productive vocabulary, an increase which was coupled with changes in the N400 effect to pseudoword-referent associations. Moreover, productive vocabulary size was related to the dynamics of semantic processing during novel word learning. In children with large productive vocabularies, the N400 amplitude was linearly reduced during the five experimental learning trials, consistent with the repetition effect typically seen in adults, while in children with smaller vocabularies the N400 attenuation did not appear until the end of the learning phase. Vocabulary size was related only to modulation of the N400 to pseudowords, not to real words. These findings demonstrate a remarkable development of fast mapping ability between 20 and 24 months.
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| 6. |
- Elwér, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Geometry in the brain optimized for sign language - A unique role of the anterior superior parietal lobule in deaf signers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geometry has been identified as a cognitive domain where deaf individuals exhibit relative strength, yet the neural mechanisms underlying geometry processing in this population remain poorly understood. This fMRI study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of geometry processing in deaf and hearing individuals. Twentytwo adult deaf signers and 25 hearing non -signers completed a geometry decision task. We found no group differences in performance, while there were some differences in parietal activation. As expected, the posterior superior parietal lobule (SPL) was recruited for both groups. The anterior SPL was significantly more activated in the deaf group, and the inferior parietal lobule was significantly more deactivated in the hearing group. In conclusion, despite similar performance across groups, there were differences in the recruitment of parietal regions. These differences may reflect inherent differences in brain organization due to different early sensory and linguistic experiences.
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| 7. |
- Heinat, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Set focus and anaphoric reference : An ERP study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 206, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports the results from an ERP study on the processing of anaphoric reference to quantifying expressions in Swedish (e.g. Many students attended the lecture and that they were present was noted). Negative quantifiers (e.g. few) differ from positive quantifiers (e.g. many), in allowing anaphoric expressions to target either the ref(erence) set (‘students attending the lecture’) or the comp(lement) set (‘students not attending the lecture’), while positive quantifiers only allow Refset continuations. Results from the present study show that negative quantifiers give rise to an enhanced frontal negativity at the anaphoric pronoun in the negative condition, relative to positive quantifiers. At the critical word disambiguating between a Refset and Compset reading, we found P600 effects for the anomalous relative to the non-anomalous conditions. We interpret the frontal negativity found with negative quantifiers as an indication of referential ambiguity interfering in the processing of anaphoric reference.
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| 8. |
- Marklund, Ellen, et al.
(författare)
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Using rotated speech to approximate the acoustic mismatch negativity response to speech
- 2018
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 176, s. 26-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mismatch negativity (MMN) response is influenced by the magnitude of the acoustic difference between standard and deviant, and the response is typically larger to linguistically relevant changes than to linguistically irrelevant changes. Linguistically relevant changes between standard and deviant typically co-occur with differences between the two acoustic signals. It is therefore not straightforward to determine the contribution of each of those two factors to the MMN response. This study investigated whether spectrally rotated speech can be used to determine the impact of the acoustic difference on the MMN response to a combined linguistic and acoustic change between standard and deviant. Changes between rotated vowels elicited an MMN of comparable amplitude to the one elicited by a within-category vowel change, whereas the between-category vowel change resulted in an MMN amplitude of greater magnitude. A change between rotated vowels resulted in an MMN ampltude more similar to that of a within-vowel change than a complex tone change did. This suggests that the MMN amplitude reflecting the acoustic difference between two speech sounds can be well approximated by the MMN amplitude elicited in response to their rotated counterparts, in turn making it possible to estimate the part of the response specific to the linguistic difference.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Rodd, J.M., et al.
(författare)
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The role of domain-general frontal systems in language comprehension: Evidence from dual-task interference and semantic ambiguity.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 115:3, s. 182-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroimaging studies have shown that the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) plays a critical role in semantic and syntactic aspects of speech comprehension. It appears to be recruited when listeners are required to select the appropriate meaning or syntactic role for words within a sentence. However, this region is also recruited during tasks not involving sentence materials, suggesting that the systems involved in processing ambiguous words within sentences are also recruited for more domain-general tasks that involve the selection of task-relevant information. We use a novel dual-task methodology to assess whether the cognitive system(s) that are engaged in selecting word meanings are also involved in non-sentential tasks. In Experiment 1, listeners were slower to decide whether a visually presented letter is in upper or lower case when the sentence that they are simultaneously listening to contains words with multiple meanings (homophones), compared to closely matched sentences without homophones. Experiment 2 indicates that this interference effect is not tied to the occurrence of the homophone itself, but rather occurs when listeners must reinterpret a sentence that was initially misparsed. These results suggest some overlap between the cognitive system involved in semantic disambiguation and the domain-general process of response selection required for the case-judgement task. This cognitive overlap may reflect neural overlap in the networks supporting these processes, and is consistent with the proposal that domain-general selection processes in inferior frontal regions are critical for language comprehension.
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| 11. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Time-driven effects on parsing during reading
- 2012
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 121:3, s. 267-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phonological trace of perceived words starts fading away in short-term memory after a few seconds. Spoken utterances are usually 2–3 s long, possibly to allow the listener to parse the words into coherent prosodic phrases while they still have a clear representation. Results from this brain potential study suggest that even during silent reading, words are organized into 2–3 s long ‘implicit’ prosodic phrases. Participants read the same sentences word by word at different presentation rates. Clause-final words occurring at multiples of 2–3 s from sentence onset yielded increased positivity, irrespective of presentation rate. The effect was interpreted as a closure positive shift (CPS), reflecting insertion of implicit prosodic phrase boundaries every 2–3 s. Additionally, in participants with low working memory span, clauses over 3 s long produced a negativity, possibly indicating increased working memory load.
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| 12. |
- Roll, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Word tones cueing morphosyntactic structure: Neuroanatomical substrates and activation time-course assessed by EEG and fMRI.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 150, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies distinguish between right hemisphere-dominant processing of prosodic/tonal information and left-hemispheric modulation of grammatical information as well as lexical tones. Swedish word accents offer a prime testing ground to better understand this division. Although similar to lexical tones, word accents are determined by words' morphosyntactic structure, which enables listeners to use the tone at the beginning of a word to predict its grammatical ending. We recorded electrophysiological and hemodynamic brain responses to words where stem tones matched or mismatched inflectional suffixes. Tones produced brain potential effects after 136ms, correlating with subject variability in average BOLD in left primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Invalidly cued suffixes activated the left inferior parietal lobe, arguably reflecting increased processing cost of their meaning. Thus, interaction of word accent tones with grammatical morphology yielded a rapid neural response correlating in subject variability with activations in predominantly left-hemispheric brain areas.
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| 13. |
- Schalling, Ellika, et al.
(författare)
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Speech in Spinocerebellar Ataxia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 127:3, s. 317-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias clinically characterized by progressive ataxia, dysarthria and a range of other concomitant neurological symptoms. Only a few studies include detailed characterization of speech symptoms in SCA. Speech symptoms in SCA resemble ataxic dysarthria but symptoms related to phonation may be more prominent. One study to date has shown an association between differences in speech and voice symptoms related to genotype. More studies of speech and voice phenotypes are motivated, to possibly aid in clinical diagnosis. In addition, instrumental speech analysis has been demonstrated to be a reliable measure that may be used to monitor disease progression or therapy outcomes in possible future pharmacological treatments. Intervention by speech and language pathologists should go beyond assessment. Clinical guidelines for management of speech, communication and swallowing need to be developed for individuals with progressive cerebellar ataxia.
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| 14. |
- Schremm, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical thickness of planum temporale and pars opercularis in native language tone processing
- 2018
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 176, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the relationship between linguistic tone processing and cortical thickness of bilateral planum temporale (PT) and pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFGpo). Swedish tones on word stems function as cues to upcoming endings. Correlating structural brain imaging data with participants’ response time patterns for suffixes, we found that thicker cortex in the left PT was associated with greater reliance on tones to anticipate upcoming inflections on real words. On inflected pseudoword stems, however, the cortical thickness of left IFGpo was associated with tone-suffix processing. Thus cortical thickness of the left PT might play a role in processing tones as part of stored representations for familiar speech segments, most likely when inflected forms are accessed as whole words. In the absence of stored representations, listeners might need to rely on morphosyntactic rules specifying tone-suffix associations, potentially facilitated by greater cortical thickness of left IFGpo.
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| 15. |
- Simola, Jaana, et al.
(författare)
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Right visual field advantage in parafoveal processing: Evidence from eye-fixation related potentials
- 2009
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 111:2, s. 101-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Readers acquire information outside the current eye fixation. Previous research indicates that having only the fixated word available slows reading, but when the next word is visible, reading is almost as fast as when the whole line is seen. Parafoveal-on-foveal effects are interpreted to reflect that the characteristics of a parafoveal word can influence fixation on a current word. Prior studies also show that words presented to the right visual field (RVF) are processed faster and more accurately than words in the left visual field (LVF). This asymmetry results either from an attentional bias, reading direction, or the cerebral asymmetry of language processing. We used eye-fixation-related potentials (EFRP), a technique that combines eye-tracking and electroencephalography, to investigate visual field differences in parafoveal-on-foveal effects. After a central fixation, a prime word appeared in the middle of the screen together with a parafoveal target that was presented either to the LVF or to the RVF. Both hemifield presentations included three semantic conditions: the words were either semantically associated, non-associated, or the target was a non-word. The participants began reading from the prime and then made a saccade towards the target, subsequently they judged the semantic association. Between 200 and 280ms from the fixation onset, an occipital P2 EFRP-component differentiated between parafoveal word and non-word stimuli when the parafoveal word appeared in the RVF. The results suggest that the extraction of parafoveal information is affected by attention, which is oriented as a function of reading direction.
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| 16. |
- Speed, Laura J., et al.
(författare)
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Losing the sense of smell does not disrupt processing of odor words
- 2022
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether language is grounded in action and perception has been a key question in cognitive science, yet little attention has been given to the sense of smell. We directly test whether smell is necessary for comprehension of odor language, by comparing language processing in a group of participants with no sense of smell (anosmics) to a group of control participants. We found no evidence for a difference in online comprehension of odor and taste language between anosmics and controls using a lexical decision task and a semantic similarity judgment task, suggesting olfaction is not critical to the comprehension of odor language. Contrary to predictions, anosmics were better at remembering odor words, and rated odor and taste words as more positively valenced than control participants. This study finds no detriment to odor language after losing the sense of smell, supporting the proposal that odor language is not grounded in odor perception.
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| 17. |
- Szalisznyó, Krisztina, et al.
(författare)
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Cortico-striatal language pathways dynamically adjust for syntactic complexity : A computational study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Academic Press. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 164, s. 53-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing body of literature supports a key role of fronto-striatal circuits in language perception. It is now known that the striatum plays a role in engaging attentional resources and linguistic rule computation while also serving phonological short-term memory capabilities. The ventral semantic and the dorsal phonological stream dichotomy assumed for spoken language processing also seems to play a role in cortico-striatal perception. Based on recent studies that correlate deep Broca-striatal pathways with complex syntax performance, we used a previously developed computational model of frontal-striatal syntax circuits and hypothesized that different parallel language pathways may contribute to canonical and non-canonical sentence comprehension separately. We modified and further analyzed a thematic role assignment task and corresponding reservoir computing model of language circuits, as previously developed by Dominey and coworkers. We examined the models performance under various parameter regimes, by influencing how fast the presented language input decays and altering the temporal dynamics of activated word representations. This enabled us to quantify canonical and non-canonical sentence comprehension abilities. The modeling results suggest that separate cortico-cortical and cortico-striatal circuits may be recruited differently for processing syntactically more difficult and less complicated sentences. Alternatively, a single circuit would need to dynamically and adaptively adjust to syntactic complexity.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Torkildsen, Janne von Koss, et al.
(författare)
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Brain dynamics of word familiarization in 20-month-olds: Effects of productive vocabulary size
- 2009
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 108:2, s. 73-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the brain mechanisms involved during young children's receptive familiarization with new words, and whether the dynamics of these mechanisms are related to the child's productive vocabulary size. To this end, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 20-month-old children in a pseudoword repetition task. Results revealed distinct patterns of repetition effects for children with large and small productive vocabularies. High producers showed evidence of recognizing the novel words already after three presentations, while the low producers needed five presentations to display a recognition effect. The familiarization process was manifested in the modulations of two components, the N200-400 and a later fronto-central component, which appeared to increase in amplitude until a certain level of encoding was reached and then decrease with further repetition. These findings suggest a relation between the onset of the productive vocabulary spurt and the rate of receptive word familiarization. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Torkildsen, Janne von Koss, et al.
(författare)
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Brain responses to lexical-semantic priming in children at risk for dyslexia.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 102:3, s. 243-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deviances in early event-related potential (ERP) components reXecting auditory and phonological processing are well-documented in children at familial risk for dyslexia. However, little is known about brain responses which index processing in other linguistic domains such as lexicon, semantics and syntax in this group. The present study investigated eVects of lexical-semantic priming in 20- and 24- month-olds at-risk for dyslexia and typically developing controls in two ERP experiments. In both experiments an early component assumed to reXect facilitated lexical processing for primed words was enhanced in the at-risk group compared to the control group. Moreover, an N400-like response which was prominent in the control group was attenuated or absent in at-risk children. Results suggest that deficiencies in young children at-risk for dyslexia are not restricted to perceptual and lower-level phonological abilities, but also affect higher order linguistic skills such as lexical and semantic processing.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- van de Weijer, Joost, et al.
(författare)
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Antonym canonicity: Temporal and contextual manipulations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 128:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedPrevious research on antonyms has shown that some pairings form more felicitous couplings than others. Following up on that research, we conducted two semantic categorization experiments using Event Related Potentials to establish whether there are neurophysiological differences related to levels of antonym canonicity. In Experiment 1, the members of canonical antonym pairs (e.g. black-white), non-canonical antonym pairs (e.g. white-dark) and unrelated word pairs (e.g. bumpy-small) were presented in isolation separated either by a short (200ms) or a long (800ms) time interval. The canonical antonyms gave rise to significantly lower N400 amplitudes than both non-canonical antonyms and unrelated pairs, but no significant difference in N400 amplitudes for non-canonical and unrelated pairs was found. In Experiment 2, the same pairs were presented in a congruent context. Significant differences in N400 amplitudes across all three conditions were found, also between non-canonical antonyms and unrelated word pairs.
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| 23. |
- van Ettinger-Veenstra, Helene, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Right-hemispheric cortical contributions to language ability in healthy adults
- 2012
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 120:3, s. 395-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we investigated the correlation between individual linguistic ability based on performance levels and their engagement of typical and atypical language areas in the brain. Eighteen healthy subjects between 21 and 64 years participated in language ability tests, and subsequent functional MRI scans measuring brain activity in response to a sentence completion and a word fluency task. Performance in both reading and high-level language tests correlated positively with increased right-hemispheric activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (specifically Brodmann area 47), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the medial temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 21). In contrast, we found a negative correlation between performance and left-hemispheric DLPFC activation. Our findings indicate that the right lateral frontal and right temporal regions positively modulate aspects of language ability.
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| 24. |
- Veroude, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Functional connectivity between brain regions involved in learning words of a new language
- 2010
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 113:1, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have identified several brain regions that appear to be involved in the acquisition of novel word forms. Standard word-by-word presentation is often used although exposure to a new language normally occurs in a natural, real world situation. In the current experiment we investigated naturalistic language exposure and applied a model-free analysis for hemodynamic-response data. Functional connectivity, temporal correlations between hemodynamic activity of different areas, was assessed during rest before and after presentation of a movie of a weather report in Mandarin Chinese to Dutch participants. We hypothesized that learning of novel words might be associated with stronger functional connectivity of regions that are involved in phonological processing. Participants were divided into two groups, learners and non-learners, based on the scores on a post hoc word recognition task. The learners were able to recognize Chinese target words from the weather report, while the non-learners were not. In the first resting state period, before presentation of the movie, stronger functional connectivity was observed for the learners compared to the non-learners between the left supplementary motor area and the left precentral gyrus as well as the left insula and the left rolandic operculum, regions that are important for phonological rehearsal. After exposure to the weather report, functional connectivity between the left and right supramarginal gyrus was stronger for learners than for non-learners. This is consistent with a role of the left supramarginal gyrus in the storage of phonological forms. These results suggest both pre-existing and learning-induced differences between the two groups.
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| 25. |
- Wendt, Peter E, et al.
(författare)
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Ethanol reduces rCBF activation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during a verbal fluency task
- 2001
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2155 .- 0093-934X. ; 77:2, s. 197-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were made in 20 healthy young male subjects during sobriety and inebriation (0.06 % blood alcohol) during rest and during performance of a word fluency test. Word production was decreased during inebriation. The activation within the frontotemporal part of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was preserved during intoxication. During inebriation no activation response to the word fluency test was seen in the anterior prefrontal part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. This area showed a marked activation response during sobriety. Hemispheric function and specialization seems thus to be adversely affected by ethanol.
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| 26. |
- Zekveld, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral and fMRI evidence that cognitive ability modulates the effect of semantic context on speech intelligibility
- 2012
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 122:2, s. 103-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Text cues facilitate the perception of spoken sentences to which they are semantically related (Zekveld, Rudner, et al., 2011). In this study, semantically related and unrelated cues preceding sentences evoked more activation in middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) than nonword cues, regardless of acoustic quality (speech in noise or speech in quiet). Larger verbal working memory (WM) capacity (reading span) was associated with greater intelligibility benefit obtained from related cues, with less speech-related activation in the left superior temporal gyrus and left anterior IFG, and with more activation in right medial frontal cortex for related versus unrelated cues. Better ability to comprehend masked text was associated with greater ability to disregard unrelated cues, and with more activation in left angular gyrus (AG). We conclude that individual differences in cognitive abilities are related to activation in a speech-sensitive network including left MTG, IFG and AG during cued speech perception.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Östberg, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired verb fluency : a sign of mild cognitive impairment
- 2005
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-934X .- 1090-2155. ; 95:2, s. 273-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed verb fluency vs. noun and letter-based fluency in 199 subjects referred for cognitive complaints including Subjective Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. ANCOVAs and factor analyses identified verb, noun, and letter-based fluency as distinct tasks. Verb fluency performance in Mild Cognitive Impairment differed significantly from Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Reduced verb fluency thus appears to be a linguistic marker for incipient dementia. One possibility is that the verb fluency deficit in Mild Cognitive Impairment results from degenerative processes known to occur in the parahippocampal region.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Novén, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Cortical thickness of Broca's area and right homologue is related to grammar learning aptitude and pitch discrimination proficiency
- 2019
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-934X. ; 188, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aptitude for and proficiency in acquiring new languages varies in the human population but their neural bases are largely unknown. We investigated the influence of cortical thickness on language learning predictors measured by the LLAMA tests and a pitch-change discrimination test. The LLAMA tests are first language-independent assessments of language learning aptitude for vocabulary, phonetic working memory, sound-symbol correspondence (not used in this study), and grammatical inferencing. Pitch perception proficiency is known to predict aptitude for learning new phonology. Results show a correlation between scores in a grammatical meaning-inferencing aptitude test and cortical thickness of Broca's area (r(30) = 0.65, p = 0.0202) and other frontal areas (r(30) = 0.66, p = 0.0137). Further, a correlation was found between proficiency in discriminating pitch-change direction and cortical thickness of the right Broca homologue (r(30) = 0.57, p = 0.0006). However, no correlations were found for aptitude for vocabulary learning or phonetic working memory. Results contribute to locating cortical regions important for language-learning aptitude.
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- Rudner, Mary, et al.
(författare)
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Reversing spoken items : mind twisting not tongue twisting
- 2005
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Ingår i: Brain and Language. - : Elsevier BV. - 0093-934X. ; 92:1, s. 78-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using 12 participants we conducted an fMRI study involving two tasks, word reversal and rhyme judgment, based on pairs of natural speech stimuli, to study the neural correlates of manipulating auditory imagery under taxing conditions. Both tasks engaged the left anterior superior temporal gyrus, reflecting previously established perceptual mechanisms. Engagement of the left inferior frontal gyrus in both tasks relative to baseline could only be revealed by applying small volume corrections to the region of interest, suggesting that phonological segmentation played only a minor role and providing further support for factorial dissociation of rhyming and segmentation in phonological awareness. Most importantly, subtraction of rhyme judgment from word reversal revealed activation of the parietal lobes bilaterally and the right inferior frontal cortex, suggesting that the dynamic manipulation of auditory imagery involved in mental reversal of words seems to engage mechanisms similar to those involved in visuospatial working memory and mental rotation. This suggests that reversing spoken items is a matter of mind twisting rather than tongue twisting and provides support for a link between language processing and manipulation of mental imagery.
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| 42. |
- Silveira Broggini, Ana Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-ictal increase in theta synchrony between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886 .- 1090-2430. ; 279, s. 232-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathologically synchronized neuronal activity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can be triggered by network events that were once normal. Under normal conditions, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) work in synchrony during a variety of cognitive states. Abnormal changes in this circuit may aid to seizure onset and also help to explain the high association of TLE with mood disorders. We used a TLE rat model generated by perforant path (PP) stimulation to understand whether synchrony between dorsal hippocampal and mPFC networks is altered shortly before a seizure episode. We recorded hippocampal and mPFC local field potentials (LFPs) of animals with spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) to verify the connectivity between these regions. We showed that SRSs decrease hippocampal theta oscillations whereas coherence in theta increases over time prior to seizure onset. This increase in synchrony is accompanied by a stronger coupling between hippocampal theta and mPFC gamma oscillation. Finally, using Granger causality we showed that hippocampus/mPFC synchrony increases in the pre-ictal phase and this increase is likely to be caused by hippocampal networks. The dorsal hippocampus is not directly connected to the mPFC; however, the functional coupling in theta between these two structures rises pre-ictally. Our data indicates that the increase in synchrony between dorsal hippocampus and mPFC may be predictive of seizures and may help to elucidate the network mechanisms that lead to seizure generation.
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