| 1. |
- Alalehto, Tage, 1956-
(författare)
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The Act of Economic Crime : The Logic of Dirty Business and Normative Restrictions in the Swedish Restaurant Industry
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 1:2, s. 156-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Why do respected businessmen get involved in economic crime? This is the classic question posed by researchers of economic crime. In this article both the economic and normative conditions on how it is to run a business are described, exemplified by data from the Swedish restaurant industry. The data were collected through semistructured interviews from 119 restaurateurs and 12 authority representatives. The data are interpreted with three hypotheses as guidelines: the hypothesis of 'differential association', the hypothesis of 'cross-pressure' and the hypothesis of 'the first generation of immigrants', which was formulated as a consequence of Merton's 'strain theory'.
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| 2. |
- Alalehto, Tage, 1956-
(författare)
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Trafficking in the Northern Countries : Eastern Prostitution from Russia to Sweden and Finland
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 3:1, s. 96-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trafficking is a relatively new phenomenon in the research agenda on organized crime. In this article the spread of the phenomenon in Scandinavia is described and discussed. Special attention has been given to Russian-organized prostitution in the Tornio Valley (the borderarea between northern Finland and northern Sweden). The data for the article consist of observations at special 'deposit-sites' in Finland and interviews with the authorities concerned (police, customs, social services, Center for Disease Control (CDC), etc.) in Sweden, and also newspaper articles that have reported on the phenomenon. The methological projection of the article is exploratory in character with the purpose of describing the phenomenon, rather than being able to explain it. The results show that there is an organized trade in women in the Tornio Valley (set rendezvous points, pick-up sites, transport via Russian-registered minivans etc). Despite this the phenomenon cannot be tied conclusively to Russian-organized crime. One conclusion is that further research on this phenomenon should gather information from the Russian authorities and from the prostitutes themselves.
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| 3. |
- Andershed, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Bullying in school and violence on the streets : are the same people involved?
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 2:1, s. 31-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Examined the relationship between bullying in school and street violence. 2,915 adolescents (aged 14-15 yrs) completed questionnaires concerning street violence, weapon carrying, violence victimization, loitering, bullying, and nights away from home. Results show that bullying others in school was strongly linked to violent behavior and weapon-carrying on the streets, both among males and females. Bullying others in school was also related to being violently victimized on the streets. Findings suggest that school bullying is in many cases a part of a more general violent and aggressive behavior pattern, and that preventive efforts targeting individuals with bullying behavior in school may decrease violence among adolescents in the community as well.
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| 4. |
- Beckley, Amber L., 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The Stockholm life-course project : investigating offending and non-lethal severe violent victimization
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Criminology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2578-983X .- 2578-9821 .- 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 23:1, s. 61-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much is known about the patterning of offending throughout life, but less about the patterning of victimization. In this study, we used data from the Stockholm Life-Course Project (SLCP), a longitudinal study that includes measures of childhood problem behaviour. We analysed offending (criminal conviction and police suspicion), inpatient hospitalization and outpatient care for violent victimization. We replicated the well-established age-crime curve amongst SLCP study members. We found that hospitalization for severe violent victimization was most likely to occur between 20 and 40 years of age. We additionally considered how childhood problem behaviour impacted overall risk and life-course patterning of offending and victimization. Childhood problem behaviour was associated with a greater risk of criminal conviction. But childhood problem behaviour showed inconsistent associations with risk for police suspicion. Childhood problem behaviour was generally associated with greater involvement in crime up to middle adulthood. Childhood problem behaviour was generally associated with a greater risk of victimization. However, we were limited in our ability to estimate the effect of childhood problem behaviour on life-course patterning of victimization due to the rarity of victimization. These results imply a need for larger studies on violent victimization and greater nuance in our understanding of childhood risks and their life-long outcomes.
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| 5. |
- Bruhn, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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From prison guards to… what? : Occupational development of prison officers in Sweden and Norway
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 18:1, s. 68-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prison officers are a key group of civil servants in the criminal justice system. Based on a comparative study of the systems for vocationaleducation in Sweden and Norway, this article compares policies andstrategies for developing the prison officer occupation. Differencesin this domain are analysed against the backdrop of theories aboutprofessionalization and growing differences between these countriesconcerning the ends and means of prison policy in general. Datacome from interviews and documents collected in 2013–2014, aswell as a rereading of data from two earlier prison-research projects.Results show that Norway is adopting a strategy quite similar to theone behind the birth of the so-called welfare professions duringthe heyday of the social-democratic welfare state. In Sweden, thecontinuing division of labour is leading to enhanced skills amongsome specialized subgroups, such as security and programme staff,but a reduction in qualifications for the majority. The study should beof interest in relation to different strategies for developing the workof prison officers as well as of other categories of public servants.It points to growing differences between two welfare regimes thatused to be quite similar, not least concerning the prison policy field.
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| 6. |
- Bruhn, Anders
(författare)
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Gender relations and division of labour among prison officers in Swedish male prisons
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 14:2, s. 115-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden female officers is a since long established fact. Today women make up about 38% of the prison officer work force. However, the distribution of sexes in the organisation is quite uneven between different types of prison wings and units, and at the in-group level there is an informal gendered division of labour going on. The article deals with how a gendered division of labour comes about as a result of socially established motives and notions among prison officers as well as prisoners about men’s and women’s different qualities in performing different types of work tasks. It is based on data from a minor interview study (2006), and a three-year multi-strategic research project containing qualitative case-studies and a nationwide survey (2007-2009). The article concludes that a great number of female officers contribute to a more prominent position for the rehabilitative side of prison work. However, the on-going gendered division of labour in and between wings and units is also one important factor behind sub-cultural differentiation and variations in work practices in the prison organization. A more balanced distribution of the sexes would stimulate rehabilitative work, and a more unified view of the occupational role throughout the whole organization.
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| 7. |
- Burcar, Veronika, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Negotiating a victim identity : Young men as victims of violence
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - Colchester, Essex, UK : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 10:1, s. 37-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is based on an interview study of how 10 young male crime victims talk about violent events and actors involved. It focuses on how the young men present their identities as ‘young men’ who have been victims of violent crimes. In their narrations the men struggle with a cultural understanding that ‘masculinity’ is associated with strength and power, while ‘victim’ is associated with weakness and impotence. During the interviews the young men actualize several balancing acts in their presentation of themselves as men and victims in a delicate manner by use of specific word choice, manner of speaking, laughter, etc. The young men are negotiating a victim identity; they portray themselves by careful positioning as both victims and strong and active young men. By this discursive balancing of identities the young men can ‘be manly’ at the same time as they present themselves as victims. In collaboration with the interviewer the participants negotiate how they want to be known; as ‘victim worthy’ young men, with associations to a ‘hegemonic manliness’.
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| 8. |
- Ceccato, Vania, 1968-
(författare)
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Expressive crimes in post-socialist states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Routledge. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 9:1, s. 2-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents trends inexpressive crimes in Estonia,Latvia, and Lithuania from1993 to 2000 and examines howdemographic, socio-economic,land use, and institutional factorsrelate to their geography in2000. Geographical InformationSystem (GIS) and spatial regressionmodels are employed in thestudy, which make use of countryregions as the unit of analysis.Issues concerning crime dataavailability and quality are discussed.While police official statisticsshow a significant rise inrates of expressive crime in theBaltic countries during the 1990s(with the exception of homicide),victimization crime surveys indicatethat there have been nosignificant changes in crimelevels and composition. Resultsalso show that indicators ofregions’ social structure, suchas divorce rate, more stronglypredict the variation of 2000’sexpressive crime ratios thanother indicators, such as landuse and economic covariates.Most of these covariates functionin ways which are predicted byWestern literature on crime geography.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Maria, 1969-
(författare)
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Justice or welfare? : Nordic women's shelters and children's rights organizations on children exposed to violence
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor and Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 11:1, s. 66-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efforts to promote the protection of, and support to, abused women have opened up new understandings concerning children who see, hear or in other ways are exposed to men’s violence against women and its consequences. On the basis of a redefinition of children exposed to violence into children subjected to violence, some important policy changes have recently been made in the Nordic countries as regards children’s status as crime victims. To enable a better understanding of the context of such changes in policy, this article explores the extent to which Nordic women’s shelter/crisis centre organisations and children’s rights organisations draw upon a justice discourse in relation to the issue of children exposed to violence. The analysis is based upon a study of ten organisations working at a national level in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.
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| 11. |
- Estrada, Felipe, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Violence at Work - The Emeregence of a Social Problem
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 11:1, s. 46-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses trends in violence at work on the basis of victim surveys, work-environment surveys, and press material. It proceeds from the two most common explanations of why violence at work appears to have increased over recent decades. These emphasize shifts in working conditions that have increased employees' victimization risk, and a broadened view of what is regarded as work-related violence. The empirical analyses provide support for both these explanations, and the various dimensions examined—increased reporting propensities, expanded definitions, a reduced tolerance of violence, and altered working conditions—are linked to one another.
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| 12. |
- Estrada, Felipe, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Why are occupational safety crimes increasing?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 15:1, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this article is to analyse the structure of, and trends in, reported occupational safety crimes. The central focus is directed at analysing how we might understand the substantial increase in the number of reported offences witnessed during the first decade of the 21st century. In order to analyse trends in occupational safety crimes we proceed from both official crime statistics and data that have been compiled specifically for the purposes of this study, including a nationally representative sample of offence reports relating to the occupational safety crimes reported to the police. The results show that the increase in reported offenses is primarily due to a shift in definitions and in the reactions of the authorities rather than to a powerful increase in the number of actual crimes committed. This leads to the conclusion that registered occupational safety offences should first and foremost be viewed as a measure of the work of the authorities, rather than as an indicator of real crime trends.
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| 13. |
- Flyghed, Janne, 1953-
(författare)
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Policing of Political Protest : The Security Police's Control of the Extra-parliamentary Opposition in Sweden During and after the Cold War
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 14:Suppl. 1, s. 81-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Throughout history, those in power have monitored and exercised control over individuals and groups who have been perceived as representing some form of threat to their power. Irrespective of the system of government in place, political crime is a matter of central interest to a society's security police. Political crimes are often committed by extra-parliamentary groups or organizations. The focus of this paper is how the Swedish secret police (SÄPO) have acted against what they have perceived as the extreme left, mainly anarchists and autonomists, during and after the cold war. Did SÄPO's perception of this part of the extra-parliamentary opposition change when the cold war was over in the early 1990s? Were these groups and individuals perceived as the new enemy in the threat vacuum that temporarily arose in the aftermath of the cold war? Furthermore, had the new security concept that was introduced at that time any impact on SÄPO's activities?
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| 14. |
- Fors, Fredrik, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Pressured to learn? Swedish police experiences of curbing organized crime
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - Stockholm : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 15:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research takes an interest in the police’s capacity to learn and adapt in an ongoing policy failure. Using the literature on organizational learning and adaptation, it investigates how the police combine exploration of new possibilities and exploitation of old certainties. This article delves into the Swedish police’s adaptation to a wave of organized and aggravated robberies that in the years around 2005 seemed out of control. It argues that the Swedish police need to create organizational ambidexterity by implementing a mix of exploitation and exploration, as well as engaging societal actors external to the police when old practices run dry. This means that the law and order sector needs to refine their competences, utilize new ideas, and promote innovation from companies and other authorities for dealing with the tasks at hand. Furthermore, the organizational theory tool-box has proven that it has great potential for diagnosing current learning and adaptation efforts within the law and order sector, as they happen.
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| 15. |
- Gerell, Manne
(författare)
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Collective efficacy and arson : The case of Malmö
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Routledge. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 18:1, s. 35-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The burning of cars and containers during social unrest has become a topic of both scholarly and public interest in Sweden over the past decade. Studies have suggested that social disorganization theory, or its modern expression collective efficacy, may be important for explaining why some neighbourhoods experience elevated levels of arson and unrest while others do not. To date, no study has explicitly studied the link between arson and collective efficacy at the neighbourhood level. The present study attempts to fill this gap by analysing the association between arson and collective efficacy in the city of Malmö, Sweden. Collective efficacy data from 96 neighbourhoods were collected in 2012 in the Malmö Community Survey (N = 4051). Arson data were collected from the rescue services, which employ GPS-receivers to accurately record the location of incidents. Regression models were fitted for arson, controlling for concentrated disadvantage, ethnic heterogeneity and residential stability. Results show no significant link between collective efficacy and arson following appropriate controls. This suggests that arson may depend on mechanisms other than collective efficacy, at least at the neighbourhood level. Future research may need to focus on alternative theoretical explanations such as strain, or on other levels of analysis than neighbourhoods.
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| 16. |
- Heber, Anita, 1977-
(författare)
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Fear of Crime in the Swedish Daily Press : Descriptions of an Increasingly Unsafe Society
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 12:1, s. 63-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fear of crime is a subject that is described increasingly often in the daily press. In spite of this, very few studies have examined how the press describes fear of crime. This article focuses on how fear of crime is presented, in what context, and who is labelled as fearful in the Swedish daily press. The theoretical frameworks are theories about the risk society and how fear of crime can be understood in a society characterized by risk, uncertainty, and worry. The current study analyses articles from four national daily newspapers employing a qualitative, thematic content analysis. In the analysis, four principal themes were distinguished: fear of crime defined, fear of crime personified, fear of crime situationalized, and fear of crime contextualized. The articles examined describe an increasingly unsafe society characterized by rising crime, particularly in the suburbs, which is producing fear among women and children. Male police officers are also described as being afraid and as no longer being able to protect the public. The daily press establishes clearly who should be afraid of crime, which crimes produce fear, and where and why people are afraid. The articles formulate special ways of describing fear of crime, in which fear appears as a natural and expected reaction to life in an increasingly unsafe and violent society.
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| 17. |
- Heber, Anita, 1977-
(författare)
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The hunt for an elusive crime : an analysis of Swedish measures to combat sex trafficking
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 19:1, s. 3-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex trafficking has been described as an enormous, serious and growing problem that must be combatted, but also as a moral panic based on a very small number of cases. This article explores the measures that have been proposed to combat sex trafficking by politicians, the national police and the National Council for Crime Prevention in Sweden between 2007 and 2017. The analysis shows that sex trafficking is partly used by the actors to justify their own work. The measures that all three actors describe as central are crime victim support, co-operation, information, education and expanded legislation. The underlying problems associated with sex trafficking, according to the three actors, appear to be prostitution, drug use and foreign women crossing Swedish borders. Much of the responsibility for the provision of information and education is delegated from government agencies to a wide range of actors. This desire for comprehensive societal engagement stands in stark contrast to the small number of sex trafficking cases in Sweden. The measures to combat sex trafficking are thus largely characterized by the hunt for an elusive crime.
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| 18. |
- Hermansson, Klara, 1981-
(författare)
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The role of symbolic politics in exceptional crime policy debate : a study of the 2014 Swedish general election
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 19:1, s. 22-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Symbolic politics are often considered to be closely linked to an alarmist rhetoric, as well as to punitive crime policy initiatives. This article explores the symbolic dimension of the Swedish crime policy debate. Since Sweden is frequently depicted as an antithesis to punitive Anglophone societies, exploring symbolic politics in this setting might expand our understanding of what symbolic statements may consist of. The article analyses the electoral campaign preceding the Swedish general election of 2014, with the aim of identifying which symbolic statements occupy a central position in the debate through the use of a qualitative content analysis. This analysis reveals an ambiguous political rhetoric, comprising morally and emotionally charged condemnatory statements about getting tough on crime, as well as reformist and restrained references to expert knowledge and long-term solutions. On the one hand, these reformist statements strengthen the image of Swedish crime policy as being based on ideals such as rationality and humanity. On the other, they also serve to legitimize and obscure penal expansion.
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| 19. |
- Inzunza, Miguel
(författare)
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Empathy from a police work perspective
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 16:1, s. 60-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to identify an appropriate conceptual model of empathy from the perspective of police work. This paper draws on the existing literature from two areas of research: (a) the literature describing the characteristics of the ideal police officer from a general perspective, as well as in a specifically Swedish context and (b) the literature analysing empathy as a theoretical construct. It is found that theoretical interdisciplinary approaches in the fields of social psychology and social cognitive neuroscience are relevant. The suggested conceptual model of empathy appropriate for the policing profession incorporates the typically antagonistic nature of police?citizen contacts, personal traits as expressed in interpersonal relations, and the social and cultural context. Because of the diversity and multicultural nature of modern societies, the values guiding police?citizen encounters are given special attention and related to the empathy research tradition. The proposed conceptual model of empathy aims at guiding future research in police?citizen interaction and, ultimately, supporting police practices regarding recruitment, career advancement and fieldwork.
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| 20. |
- Iqbal, Asifa, et al.
(författare)
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Does crime in parks affect apartment prices?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 16:1, s. 97-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A park is a desirable feature when people are purchasing a property. Buyers are ready to pay more for properties surrounded by natural amenities, such as a pleasant park. However, if a park is targeted by crime and disorder, then it may have a negative effect on people's appraisal. The aim of this study is to reach a better understanding of how parks and crime rates affect housing prices taking into account residential properties and parks type. Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, is used as the case study. The methodology has two stages. An extensive field work was performed in a selected number of parks to help characterize the parks in Stockholm. This information was gathered with secondary data about parks using Geographic Information System. This pre-assessment was later followed by the analysis of 2008s apartment sales using hedonic modelling to assess the effect of parks alone and in combination with crime rates. Results suggest that the effect of parks on prices vary by park type (increased with, e.g. features of cultural and national interest and decreased with ball games or boating facilities) while an aggregated measure of parks lowers overall apartment prices. More interestingly, findings show that the price of apartments tends to be discounted in areas where parks have relatively high rates of violence and vandalism.
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| 21. |
- Jacobsson, Katarina
(författare)
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"A Token of Gratitude"? A Morally Ambiguous Case of Bribery
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 7:1, s. 3-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of bribery is characterized by its elastic features, both morally and legally. This study sets out to investigate a court case of bribery: how the people involved construct and argue for their particular version. A single case of bribery is chosen in order to clarify the range and potential of various descriptions of the very same event. The material consists of interviews with the parties involved: a male lawyer who was charged with bribery, a female court clerk for whom the bribe/gift was intended, and the prosecutor who handled this specific case. When telling their stories—representing a non‐criminal and an illegitimate version of the event—they also construct two perspectives as incompatible: "the right [legal] way" and "the human way". With regard to these perspectives it is not only the convicted lawyer who accounts for his actions, but also the clerk and the prosecutor.
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| 22. |
- Jerre, Kristina, 1974-
(författare)
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Contradictory Expectations on Society's Reaction to Crime : A Qualitative Study of How People View the Objectives of Society's Reaction to Crime and How These Objectives Can Be Fulfilled
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intention of this study was to develop an understanding of the views of the public on, first, what the objective(s) of society’s reaction to crime should be, and second, how different types of sanctions are perceived as being able to fulfill these objectives. A thematic analysis was conducted on the basis of transcripts of group interviews. The participants argued that society’s reaction should signal condemnation of the crime and at the same time be beneficial in relation to the re-socialisation of the offender. Sanctions that were perceived to fulfill the signaling of condemnation, i.e. tangible custodial sanctions, were described as being counterproductive in relation to the resocialisation of the offender. On the other hand, the signal of caring for the offender was perceived as having a neutralizing effect on the signal of condemnation. For the objective of society’s reaction to be fulfilled it thus has to give the illusion of being tangible and harsh but at the same time, in reality, must serve as an effective, lasting deterrent to the offender. It is suggested that the contradictions and tensions surrounding the objectives of society’s reaction to crime, and the issue of how these contradictions might be considered when framing crime policy, should be opened up as a matter for discussion in the public debate.
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| 23. |
- Jerre, Kristina, 1974-
(författare)
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Contradictory Expectations on Society's Reaction to Crime : A Qualitative Study of How People View the Objectives of Society's Reaction to Crime and How These Objectives Can Be Fulfilled
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 14:2, s. 98-114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intention of this study was to develop an understanding of the views of the public on, first, what the objective(s) of society’s reaction to crime should be, and second, how different types of sanctions are perceived as being able to fulfill these objectives. A thematic analysis was conducted on the basis of transcripts of group interviews. The participants argued that society’s reaction should signal condemnation of the crime and at the same time be beneficial in relation to the re-socialisation of the offender. Sanctions that were perceived to fulfill the signaling of condemnation, i.e. tangible custodial sanctions, were described as being counterproductive in relation to the resocialisation of the offender. On the other hand, the signal of caring for the offender was perceived as having a neutralizing effect on the signal of condemnation. For the objective of society’s reaction to be fulfilled it thus has to give the illusion of being tangible and harsh but at the same time, in reality, must serve as an effective, lasting deterrent to the offender. It is suggested that the contradictions and tensions surrounding the objectives of society’s reaction to crime, and the issue of how these contradictions might be considered when framing crime policy, should be opened up as a matter for discussion in the public debate.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Kerstin, 1963-
(författare)
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Crime Prevention Cooperation in Sweden : A Regional Case Study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention.. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 15:2, s. 143-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In crime prevention, local cooperation and networks have recently become central organizing principles and concepts, especially in Nordic countries such as Sweden. This article explores cooperation in Swedish crime prevention by examining a local example, the regional network Regbrå. Regbrå aims to increase knowledge about crime prevention through cooperation and to support local crime prevention efforts by the municipalities in Östergötland County. Regbrå has promoted many universal (primary), selective (secondary), and indicated (tertiary) crime prevention mechanisms. The Regbrå case also merits attention because of its strong links with a local university and higher education. Some shortcomings and problems also emerge in the analysis, such as the possibility that cooperation becomes an-end-to-itself, detached from verified crime reduction effects. The analysis draws on a study of the Regbrå network, including interviews with qualitative experts (N=10) and a survey sent to involved municipalities (N=13).
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| 25. |
- Jönson, Håkan
(författare)
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Constructing Crime against the Elderly in Swedish Crime Prevention Campaigns
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 4:2, s. 180-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigates how crime prevention activities frame the problem of crime against the elderly, regarding character, causes, effects and solutions. Data was collected through participant observations, interviews and analysis of a film produced by a local crime prevention council in Sweden. It is concluded that crime prevention for seniors produces complex and contradicting images of the problem. In situational crime prevention seniors are warned to look out for strangers stalking them or trying to access their homes. Statements that victimization is uncommon among the old are combined with warnings that invoke images of mysterious ever-present perpetrators. In social crime prevention, where causes and interventions of crime are discussed, crime prevention officers link the problem to established social problems such as drug abuse and juvenile delinquency. This way of framing the problem is typical for a Swedish Social Democratic perspective, where lack of community and integration are defined as causes of social problems. It is concluded that warnings to look out for strangers who ask for help may be at odds with this striving towards community.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Källström Cater, Åsa, 1971-
(författare)
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Children's meaning-conciliation of their fathers' violence related to fathers and violence in general
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 8:1, s. 41-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to a father's violence against the mother during childhood entails a risk for emotional and behavioral problems and for reproducing violent behavior. More knowledge about how children make sense of the contradictory aspects of fathers' violence may help us understand variations in children's reactions. This qualitative study aims to contribute to theoretical development by identifying patterns in how children can relate general conceptions of fathers to general conceptions of violence to create conciliated meaning about their own father's violence against their mother. Ten children, aged 8 to 12, were interviewed using a semistructured format. Analysis of their abstractions and generalizations of concepts crucial for meaning-conciliation resulted in the identification of three patterns of meaning: 1) acknowledging the violent father as one kind of father, 2) acknowledging the father's violent behavior as one part of his multifaceted personality, and 3) distancing violence from fathers' relative goodness. Implications of the findings for social theory and child welfare praxis are suggested.
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| 29. |
- Lalander, Philip
(författare)
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The Role of Ethnicity in a Local Drug Dealer Network
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 9:1, s. 65-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the role of ethnicity in a heroin dealer and consumer network of young men of Chilean descent in Norrköping, Sweden. At the end of the 1990s the young men became involved in the network through contact with a with a large scale dealer who was also of Chilean descent. They worked as street dealers for the top dealer; many of them also began using heroin and eventually developed an addiction. Through over 100 qualitative interviews with 17 of these young men, the article examines identity construction and the competencies they developed on the street that facilitated their eventual work as dealers, as well as the social relations and contacts within the dealer network that played a role in their becoming dealers and users. The findings reveal that due to their perceived experience of being subordinated in society, they became involved in heroin as a means of gaining self respect, dignity and wealth. Departing with a view on ethnicity as something that is constructed rather than fixed and intrinsic, the findings point to how ethnicity, through the young men’s development of and participation in the street culture, merges with aspects of identity including social class and gender, as well as with aspects of ethnicities from other parts of the world. On the whole, the findings suggest that ethnicity as a concept of analysis within drug cultures is less fruitful when separated from other aspects of identity such as social class and gender.
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| 30. |
- Lander, Ingrid, 1966-
(författare)
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Obstacles for Changes within the (Swedish) Police Force : Professional Motivations, Homosociality and Ordering Practices
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 14:1, s. 43-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses how professional motivations and homosociality within the Swedish police (training programme) becomes an obstacle to both a changed police norm and diversity within the police force. This issue is discussed on the basis of two studies; one focused on the professional motivations of police students; the other focused on the issue of norms and normation within the police training programme. The norm regarding how a police officer is ought to be is viewed as a manifestation of ordering practices as a form of continuous, ongoing normation processes that emphasises practical, physically demanding and violent working conditions focused on combating crime. This produces powerful conceptions of the types of body that are suitable for the profession, a normative (male) body. A body that effects those bodies that are assumed to contribute to diversity in a police force dominated of white, Swedish, heterosexual males. This together moulds a culture founded on the conceptions of physically demanding and action-focused work that promote a muscle culture that emphasis the work as practical, rather than moving towards an intellectual and reflective approach to police work.
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| 31. |
- Larsson, Daniel, 1976-
(författare)
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Exposure to property crime as a consequence of poverty
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - Basingstoke : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 7:1, s. 45-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates whether and why the poor are more exposed to property crime than are the non-poor, despite the reasonable assumption that poor people lack or have little valuable property that can be stolen. If poor people are more exposed to property crime than those who are not poor, there are needs for explanations. The paper investigates two plausible reasons: the significance of the neighbourhood character and routine activities. The results in the paper indicates that poor people are more exposed to property crimes related to the residence, independent of neighbourhood character and routine activities, while exposure to property crimes related to vehicles depends more on the family situation and age than on poverty per se. When it comes to other kinds of property crime, poor people do not seem to be more exposed than do the nonpoor. That poor people are more exposed to property crime related to their residence, and that there are problem areas explaining why, is worrisome. Those who are poor are often vulnerable to other social problems that tend to exclude them from ordinary living patterns. To find out the relation between poverty and exposure to property crimes related to residence is of importance for crime prevention and probably an important step to prevent those who are poor from being further excluded from society.
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| 32. |
- Lindblom, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
-
Criminality, thinking patterns and treatment effects : Evaluation of the Swedish cognitive intervention programme ‘new challenges’ targeting adult men with a criminal lifestyle
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 19, s. 204-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cognitive intervention programme 'New Challenges' targeting adult men with a criminal lifestyle was evaluated in a pilot study. The participants were divided into a cognitive treatment group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 11). In the control group, six participants had no treatment and five participated in 12-step treatment. The participants were measured pre and post using the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS), the abridged version of sense of coherence (SOC), Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Bergström's quality of programme delivery (QPD). The results of the treatment group showed that criminal thinking patterns dropped significantly from high values to close to normal level. SOC and positive affect increased significantly in the treatment group. Both SOC and positive affect showed positive correlation with QPD. Regarding the possible influence of the 12-step treatment, there was no difference in the control group between participants receiving 12-step treatment and those not receiving treatment. The main conclusion is that the cognitive treatment programme 'New Challenges' can contribute to reduced criminal thinking and increased SOC and positive affect, which may prove to be important precursors of reduced criminality.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Lindström, Peter, 1964-
(författare)
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Violence against women in Scandinavia : A description and evaluation of two new laws aiming to protect women
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 5:2, s. 220-235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violence against women by a present or former male partner has over the last decade been given a higher priority in the political discussion in all of the Scandinavian countries. Increasingly, violence in intimate relationships is viewed as a public rather than a private matter in these countries. With this change in attitudes and levels of political interest, higher expectations are placed on official authorities, including the criminal justice system, to deal actively with this social problem. In all of the Scandinavian countries it may, for example, be decided by a prosecutor that a woman should be protected from a man by issuing a restraining order. Moreover, a new offence called ‘gross violation of a woman's integrity’ was introduced into the Swedish penal code in 1998. With this offence, less serious but repeated violent acts committed by a man against a present or former female partner are to be judged as one serious offence. The stipulated sanction for this offence is imprisonment between 6 months and 6 years. The purpose of this article is to evaluate how the police, the prosecutors and the courts deal with this new offence. The article also present results from an evaluation of restraining orders in Sweden.
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| 35. |
- Ljungwald, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Crime Victims and the Social Services : Social Workers’ Viewpoint
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 8:2, s. 138-156
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyse how social workers in the social services describe crime victims and their role in support- ing these victims. Based on focus groups with social workers in the social services, it is established that social workers discriminate between a categorical understand- ing of crime victims and an assessment of individuals in need. The categorical understanding of crime victims is connected to weakness and innocence, and the discussions are constructed with focus on women and children. However, when the social work- ers move beyond this idea and describe individual victims of crime they have met, they attri- bute a more complicated picture and acknowledge the complexity of crime and victimization. The social workers give themselves a vague role regarding support to victims of crime. They consider themselves as able to connect individuals in need with helping resources, but they do not regard themselves as resources in this area. According to the social workers, an individual should not receive support from the social services just because he or she is categorized by them as a victim of crime. One conclusion is that the category ‘crime victims’ has not gained acceptance among the social workers.
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| 36. |
- Ljungwald, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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The Emergence of Crime Victims as a Target Group in the Swedish Social Services Act
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 11:2, s. 170-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the political motives behind the introduction of crime victim support provisions in the Swedish Social Services Act. The findings derive from a case study of the preparatory material that prefaced the legal changes that were adopted in 2001. The result shows that the explicit purpose of the provisions was to consider measures to improve the support to crime victims. To some degree the provisions can also be explained by symbolic factors. In fact, most actors in the law-making process indicate that their motives were communicative and symbolic. Support to crime victims was presumably a complicated issue for the social democratic government. Because of the economical crisis in the early 1990s, there was no scope for reforms that implied high increased costs. Yet expanding the crime victim's rights in relation to the offender, such as toughening the penal law and promoting victim impact statements, was not in line with social democratic ideology. By enacting the provisions in the Social Services Act the government demonstrated that support to crime victims was an important area of concern. At the same time, the provisions did not involve any increased costs or strengthen the crime victim's rights in relation to the offender. In this way, the provisions became a mediator that solved a difficult political dilemma for the government.
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| 37. |
- Lundström, Ragnar, 1975-
(författare)
-
Secondary victimization and the collective identity of crime victims : A qualitative analysis of Swedish crime news discourse
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 17:1, s. 36-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an analysis of how secondary victims of murder—in this context, the parents or close family members of a primary murder victim—are represented in Swedish crime news discourse. The study is based on a discourse analysis of media coverage of secondary victims, and statements made by them, in relation to four highly publicized murder cases during the last two decades. The analysis shows that portrayals of secondary victimization reinforce the conflictual character of victim–offender relationships in the news, but also limit the conditions for talking about the significance of social support, mediation and reconciliation for crime victims. News representations of crime victims become less clearly marked by the characteristics of the ‘ideal’ victim as secondary victims, and persons who are explicitly critical toward the legal system, claim victimhood. Furthermore, the identity of the crime victims’ movement as a collective becomes destabilized when the category of the victim is widened to include individuals whose interests are framed as subjective, rather than related to the needs of other crime victims or the general public. In sum, increased media focus on secondary victims may thus undermine the legitimacy of victim claims in public discourse.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Mellgren, Caroline
(författare)
-
University students' support to penalty enhancement for hate crime
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 17:2, s. 185-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laws enabling penalty enhancement for crimes motivated by hostility or prejudice, i.e. hate crimes, have become common in many countries. However, laws as a measure against hate crimes have been contested, because their deterrent effect has gained none or little support in the (limited) literature, and they may be considered symbolic rather than deterrent. This study investigates attitudes towards penalty enhancement for hate crimes. Previous empirical investigations of this question are scarce. The material consists of a survey targeting nearly 3000 Swedish university students. Support for penalty enhancement for hate crime was moderate, shown by one third of the total sample. Results supported the premise that students belonging to a minority group, assumed to be at risk of hate crime victimization, agree to a higher extent of penalty enhancement than students belonging to the majority. Previous victimization experiences and worrying about being victimized were not significantly related to punitive attitudes. However, respondents who perceived the risk of victimization to be increased for minority groups in general were more likely to support penalty enhancement for hate crime. Findings should be confirmed in a nationally representative sample since the public’s perspective on the criminal justice system is important for understanding and dealing with the social problem of hate crime.
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| 40. |
- Mollenhorst, Gerald, et al.
(författare)
-
Personal networks and crime victimization among Swedish youth
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 19:2, s. 116-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combine routine activity theory, lifestyle-victimization theory, and a social network perspective to examine crime victimization. In particular, we study to what extent crime victimization is associated with having close contacts who have been victimized and/or who engage in risky lifestyles. We use the data (collected in 2014) of 1,051 native Swedes and 1,108 Iranian and Yugoslavian first- or second-generation immigrants in Sweden who were all born in 1990. They were asked to describe their personal characteristics, various behaviours, and past personal experiences with crime victimization, as well as those of the five persons with whom they most often spend their leisure time. Our findings support the network perspective: crime victimization is negatively associated with the number of close contacts an individual mentions but is substantially more likely for those who have many close contacts who have themselves been victimized. In terms of a risky lifestyle that may enhance the likelihood of being victimized, we found only that individuals who get drunk frequently were at somewhat higher risk of being victimized. To guard young individuals against crime victimization, it might thus be worthwhile to focus more on with whom they associate than on their potentially risky lifestyles or attitudes.
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| 41. |
- Nilsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Offending, drug abuse and life chances — a longitudinal study of a Stockholm birth cohort
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 15:2, s. 128-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many factors, both empirical and theoretical, which indicate that drug abuse can play an important role in explaining the links between criminality and life chances when viewed from a life-course perspective. In this article, we examine the links between crime and drug abuse and social inclusion and exclusion in adult life, and look at whether there are gender-specific patterns in these regards. The Stockholm Birth Cohort database allows us to follow a birth cohort born in 1953 to age 56. The results show that drug abuse is central both to processes of continuity in and desistance from crime and to life chances in adulthood. For the adult outcomes that relate to work and health, we also note a tendency towards polarization; the size of both the relative and the absolute differences between the comparison group and offenders with registered drug abuse increases over time. The same general pattern can be seen for males and females.
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| 42. |
- Nilsson, Anders, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Risky neighbourhood or individuals at risk? The significance of neighbourhood conditions for violent victimisation in residential areas
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 8, s. 2-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to examine the social determinants of violent victimization, with the principal focus being directed at the significance of neighbourhood conditions. By combining data from victim surveys with information on the neighbourhoods in which the survey respondents live, we have been able to study both the individual and household characteristics, and also the factors specific to different neighbourhoods that are associated with violent victimization. What we are able to show is that the violence that occurs in the residential neighbourhood constitutes only a small fraction of the violent incidents to which people are exposed. Further, the violence that occurs within the neighbourhood takes place to a large extent within the victim’s home. This suggests that exposure to violence is associated with neighbourhood conditions only to a limited extent. More detailed analyses of the violence that does occur within the neighbourhood show no effects of neighbourhood conditions when controls are included for individual and household characteristics. The conclusion, therefore, is that we are unable to find any clear neighbourhood effects in relation to violent victimization. The differences that we initially note between different types of neighbourhood in the proportions reporting exposure to violence are too a large degree the result of selection processes. These do not, however, in themselves increase the risk for violent victimization.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Pettersson, Tove, 1968-
(författare)
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Recidivism Among Young Males Sentenced to Prison and Youth Custody
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - London : Routledge. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 11:2, s. 151-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1999, Sweden introduced a new Act focused on young persons aged 15–17 who commit serious offences. The object of the Act was to replace prison sentences with a new sanction in the form of youth custody, which would involve a placement in a special approved home. This study constitutes a follow up comparison of criminal recidivism among young males sentenced to prison prior to the introduction of the Youth Custody Act (1991-1998) and young males sentenced to youth custody following the introduction of the Act (1999-2003). The study shows that the sanction has not only been used as a replacement for prison sentences, but has also led to an expansion in custodial sentencing in the form of ”net-widening”. There has also been a substantial increase in the length of custodial sentences awarded in connection with the new sanction. A comparison with the youth sanction in Denmark raise questions about the consequences of having expanded the group of youths sentenced to a custodial sanction in Sweden, and of the increased length of the custodial sentences to which this group is subjected.
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| 46. |
- Ring, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Social class and criminality among young people : A study considering the effects of school achievement as a mediating factor on the basis of Swedish register and self-report data
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 8:2, s. 210-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on the associations between parental social class, school achievement, and criminality among young people. The study hypothesizes that there is a relationship between class background and school achievement, and between school achievement and crime, and examines whether school achievement is a mediating variable between class background and crime. The study builds on analyses of both register and self-report data. The register study includes all the members of a Swedish birth cohort and utilizes measures of social class, school achievement (at grade 9 compulsory school), and offending (at age 15-22) contained in official registers. The self-report study is based on a large sample of adolescents in grade 9 (aged 15) and utilizes self-report measures. The results show that there is a weak but statistically significant relationship between social class background and criminality in both data sets, indicating that working-class background is associated with a higher risk for offending. The article concludes that social class background seems to have some effect on criminality among young people but that this effect is mediated by school achievement. This mediating effect is evident in both the register and self-report material and for both males and females. By contrast, the effects on crime of the structural background factors of coming from a broken home or an immigrant background are not mediated by school achievement.
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| 47. |
- Roxell, Lena, 1960-
(författare)
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Hate, Threats, and Violence. A Register Study of Persons Suspected of Hate Crime.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 12:2, s. 198-215
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on individuals suspected of hate crimes with xenophobic, Islamophobic and homophobic motives. The objective is to fill a gap in the knowledge left by existing research, which has primarily focused on victims and definitional problems. This article’s genuine contribution to new research is the comparative perspective and the study of co-offending and specialisation in offences for persons suspected for hate crimes. To find persons suspected for hate crimes, register data relating to hate-crime motivated assault and unlawful threats/molestation offences from 2006 have been used. The study is based on a total of 1910 offence reports together with information from the Registers of Suspected and Convicted Offenders for 558 persons suspected for hate crimes. Xenophobic hate crimes are over-represented in the material by comparison with homophobic and Islamophobic hate crimes. In the reports that have information about the relation between victim and perpetrators, is it more common for the perpetrators to be known than unknown to the victims. In cases where a suspected person has been identified, males are in a clear majority. Those suspected of homophobic hate crimes have the lowest mean age. Only a small number of offence reports include information on suspected co-offenders. Fifty-five percent of the suspected people have prior registered convictions. It is very uncommon for them to be specialised in violent offences or unlawful threats/molestation however. It is not possible to generalize the results to perpetrators of hate crimes, because 70 percent of the offence report did not have information of suspected persons.
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| 48. |
- Roxell, Lena, 1960-
(författare)
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Hate, Threats and Voilence. A Register Study of Persons Suspected of Hate Crime
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 12:2, s. 198-215
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on individualssuspected of hate crimes withxenophobic, Islamophobic, andhomophobic motives. Theobjective is to fill a gap in theknowledge left by existingresearch, which has primarilyfocused on victims anddefinitional problems. Thisarticle’s genuine contribution tonew research is the comparativeperspective and the study of cooffendingand specialization inoffences for persons suspected forhate crimes. To find personssuspected for hate crimes,register data relating to hatecrime-motivated assault andunlawful threats/molestationoffences from 2006 have beenused. The study is based on a totalof 1,910 offence reports togetherwith information from theRegisters of Suspected andConvicted Offenders for 558persons suspected for hatecrimes. Xenophobic hate crimesare over-represented in thematerial by comparison withhomophobic and Islamophobichate crimes. In the reports thathave information about therelation between victim andperpetrators, it is more commonfor the perpetrators to be knownthan unknown to the victims. Incases where a suspected personhas been identified, males are in aclear majority. Those suspected ofhomophobic hate crimes have thelowest mean age. Only a smallnumber of offence reports includeinformation on suspected cooffenders.Fifty-five per cent ofthe suspected people have priorregistered convictions. It is veryuncommon for them to bespecialized in violent offences orunlawful threats/molestation,however. It is not possible togeneralize the results toperpetrators of hate crimes,because 70% of the offencereports did not have informationof suspected persons.
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| 49. |
- Roxell, Lena, 1960-
(författare)
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Imprisonment and co-offending : result from a 10-year follow-up study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 17:2, s. 203-219
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recurring question in criminological research is whether prisoners meet new accomplices in prison. Thise article’s objective is to study co-offending among individuals who have served prison sentences in Sweden ten years subsequent to their release. The frequency of co-offending among individuals who have spent been in the same prison at the same time time together in the same prison will be examined. If gender, age, type of prison, offence type and prior experience of co-offending are significant for this type of co-offending will also be examined. The study population comprised all inmates released from a Swedish prison during a half year in 2001-2002 (n=3,930). The follow-ing up period is 10 years. The results show that only three percent of those who have been in the same prison at the same timehad spent time in prison together are suspected of committing offences together subsequent to release. TA logistic regression show that the likelihood of being suspected of committing an offence together following the conclusion of a joint stay in the same prison is higher for those released from a closed prison who are aged 31-40, and who had committed large proportion of their offences together with others prior to the relevant prison sentence.type of prison, prior experience of co-offending and age are of significance in the context. The results suggest that the concept of criminal capital is not important for future co-offending after a joint stay in prison.
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| 50. |
- Sandahl, Julia, 1979-
(författare)
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School climate and delinquency – on the significance of the perceived social and learning climate in school for refraining from offending
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1404-3858 .- 1651-2340. ; 17:2, s. 110-130
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School is regarded as a central arena for crime prevention. This study analyses the effects of student perceptions of school contextual aspects on self-reported offending, using logistic regression with control for clustering effects. The data comprise a census of pupils in year nine in comprehensive school (15 year olds) and in year two of upper secondary school (17 year olds) in the City of Stockholm in 2006, 2008 and 2010 (n = 25,850 of which 47% are boys and 53% are girls). Besides showing that several aspects of students’ perceptions of the school setting have direct protective effects on offending, the study shows that perceiving schoolwork as meaningful appears to moderate the effect of adverse home conditions on delinquency for boys. The only aspect of school investigated in this study that was not significantly related to offending was the perception of classroom order, indicating that emotional support from teachers is more important for crime preventive implications than maintaining order in the classroom. Controlling for clustering effects shows differences in offending between classes and schools that are not produced by differences between the students.
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