| 1. |
- Marklund, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Biological phosphorus removal at temperatures from 3 to 10°C : a full-scale study of a sequencing batch reactor unit
- 1994
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In: Canadian journal of civil engineering (Print). - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0315-1468 .- 1208-6029. ; 21:1, s. 81-88
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low temperature biological phosphorus removal technology was tested at a small village wastewater treatment plant near the Arctic circle. An aeration basin in a conventional activated sludge step was retrofitted to a sequencing batch reactor with a maximum volume of approximately 27 m3. The study period was November 1989 to June 1991. The wastewater temperature varied between 3 and 10°C during one full year and was below 5°C during approximately 240 days of the year. A total sequencing batch reactor cycle time of 6-12 hours produced a phosphorus reduction of 70-80%. During the same time, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD7) reductions varied between 70% and 90%. These reductions were achieved at supernatant suspended solid concentrations of 20-30 mg/L. Effluent soluble phosphorus concentrations were usually lower than 1.0 mg/L at water temperatures down to 5°C. At 4°C, a sharp increase to greater than 2.0 mg/L was evident. Supernatant soluble BOD7 was less than 8 mg/L and was found to be independent of temperature.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Gerry, et al.
(author)
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Daughters helping their elderly mothers : Impact of early attachment, daughter's trait anxiety, and helping interaction characteristics
- 1994
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In: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397 .- 0907-2055. ; 3:3, s. 167-172
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between early attachment between mother and daughter, the adult daughter's general anxiety level, and characteristics of the helping interaction between the adult daughter and her elderly mother on the one hand and the quality of this help on the other. One sample consisted of 46 Swedish women (mean age: 55 years) who acted as informal caregivers for their elderly mothers. A second sample consisted of 106 Swedish female nursing students (mean age: 27 years). The participants rated the quality of the practical, physical and psychosocial help they gave their elderly mothers (imagined helping activities in a predefined situation among the nursing students). Subjects also rated their mother's degree of caring and overprotection in childhood, their own trait anxiety, and various characteristics of their helping interactions. A high degree of motherly caring and a low degree of motherly overprotection in childhood covaried with a lower level of trait anxiety in the adult daughters. These conditions, in turn, covaried with mutual friendliness during the helping interactions. All these conditions covaried with high-quality psychosocial support. The quality of practical help and physical caring covaried with friendliness during the helping interactions only.
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| 3. |
- Arvidson, Nils Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Circadian rhytm of serum interleukin-6 in rheumatoid arthritis
- 1994
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 53:8, s. 521-4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES--To test the hypothesis of a diurnal variation in circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and/or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory connective tissue diseases. METHODS--Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured at three hour intervals from 7:30 to 22:30 in 48 patients with different rheumatic diseases as well as ten healthy controls. In four of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, serum IL-6 levels were measured before and after one week of treatment with prednisolone 15-20 mg daily. RESULTS--IL-6 and TNF-alpha could not be detected in serum from healthy controls. However, serum IL-6 levels were substantially increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed a statistically significant circadian variation in levels of IL-6. Peak values appeared in the morning and low values in the afternoon and evening. In contrast, levels were low and stable in other connective tissue diseases. Levels of TNF-alpha were low in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and high in patients with other connective tissue diseases, but without circadian rhythm. After treatment with prednisolone, levels of serum IL-6 decreased significantly, but the circadian rhythm remained. CONCLUSIONS--The circadian rhythm of circulating IL-6 might correspond to the circadian rhythm of symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. The diurnal variation of IL-6, and possibly other cytokines, might explain the conflicting results previously reported on the inter-relationship between circulating IL-6 levels and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Marklund, S, et al.
(author)
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Biological phosphorus removal at temperatures from 3-degrees-c to 10-degrees-c - a full-scale study of a sequencing batch reactor unit
- 1994
-
In: Canadian journal of civil engineering (Print). - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0315-1468 .- 1208-6029. ; 21:1, s. 81-88
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low temperature biological phosphorus removal technology was tested at a small village wastewater treatment plant near the Arctic circle. An aeration basin in a conventional activated sludge step was retrofitted to a sequencing batch reactor with a maximum volume of approximately 27 m3. The study period was November 1989 to June 1991. The wastewater temperature varied between 3 and 10-degrees-C during one full year and was below 5-degrees-C during approximately 240 days of the year. A total sequencing batch reactor cycle time of 6-12 hours produced a phosphorus reduction of 70-80%. During the same time, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD7) reductions varied between 70% and 90%. These reductions were achieved at supernatant suspended solid concentrations of 20-30 mg/L. Effluent soluble phosphorus concentrations were usually lower than 1.0 mg/L at water temperatures down to 5-degrees-C. At 4-degrees-C, a sharp increase to greater than 2.0 mg/L was evident. Supernatant soluble BOD7 was less than 8 mg/L and was found to be independent of temperature.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, B, et al.
(author)
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Reconstitution of the alternative pathway of complement by plasma infusions given to a patient with an SLE-like syndrome associated with a hereditary C3 dysfunction.
- 1994
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 53:10, s. 691-694
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To reconstitute a dysfunctional form of complement factor C3 in a patient with a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome.METHODS: The propositus was treated with plasma infusions during five sessions over a period of eight months.RESULTS: The alternative pathway was reconstituted to normal levels for approximately two to three days after each infusion. C3 fragments were incorporated into previously detected deposits of IgG and IgM at the dermal-epidermal junction and the immune complex levels gradually decreased during the whole treatment period.CONCLUSION: The reconstitution appears to result in the solubilisation of tissue immune complexes and a subsequent transportation to the fixed macrophage system.
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| 8. |
- Nylander, P O, et al.
(author)
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Anticipation in Swedish families with bipolar affective disorder.
- 1994
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In: Journal of Medical Genetics. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 31:9, s. 686-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Anticipation describes an inheritance pattern within a pedigree with an increase in disease severity or decrease in age at onset or both in successive generations. The phenomenon of anticipation has recently been shown to be correlated with the expansion of trinucleotide repeat sequences in different disorders. We have studied differences of age at onset and disease severity between two generations in 14 families with unilinear inheritance of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). There was a significant difference in age at onset (p < 0.008), in episodes per year with (p < 0.006) and without (p < 0.03) lithium treatment, and in total episodes per year (p < 0.002) between generations I and II. Furthermore, there was a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) in age at onset between generations I and II. No evidence for specific paternal or maternal inheritance was found. We found evidence of anticipation and could rule out ascertainment bias or some other artefact. Anticipation is thus an inheritance pattern in BPAD which suggests that the expansion of trinucleotide repeat sequences is a possible mode of inheritance in BPAD.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Reitsema, R., 1994-, et al.
(author)
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ABERRANT PHENOTYPE OF CIRCULATING ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS AND POLYMYLAGIA RHEUMATICA
- 2023
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : HighWire Press. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 82:Suppl. 1, s. 1071-1071
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) and Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) are overlapping diseases occurring exclusively in people older than 50 years. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), are main contributors to the immunopathology of GCA and PMR. In GCA tissues, DCs may be prone to activation, leading to chemokine production and recruitment of CD4+ T-cells and monocytes to the arterial wall. However, little is known about APC phenotypes in the peripheral blood at the time of GCA/PMR diagnosis.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the phenotype of the circulating monocytes and DCs in GCA and PMR patients.Methods: APCs among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of treatment-naive GCA and PMR patients were compared to those in age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry (n=15 in each group). Using a 13-colour panel, we identified three monocyte subsets: classical (CD14+CD16-), intermediate (CD14+CD16+), and non-classical (CD14lowCD16+) monocytes. DC subsets were subdivided in CD303+CD11c- plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), CD11c+CD141+ conventional DCs (cDC1) and CD11c+CD1c+ conventional DCs (cDC2). Each of these subsets was analysed for expression of pattern recognition receptors (Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2) and activation markers (CD86, Programmed Death- Ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD40, HLA-DR, CD11c) by assessing the mean-fluorescence intensity of these markers. Data were analysed by conventional gating strategies and by unsupervised tSNE.Results: GCA and PMR patients displayed a monocytosis, which was due to increases in classical and intermediate monocyte counts, whereas the proportion of non-classical monocytes was reduced. Intermediate monocytes of GCA patients had significantly higher TLR2 expression, a similar trend was observed in non-classical monocytes of GCA and PMR patients. A divergent pattern was observed in the expression of activation markers on classical versus non-classical monocytes: classical monocytes of GCA/PMR patients appeared to be less activated, whereas non-classical monocytes showed an increased marker expression compared to HCs (Figure 1). Even though no differences were observed in DC counts in the peripheral blood, cDC2 counts correlated negatively with CRP levels (r=-0.60 for GCA, r=-0.55 for PMR).Conclusion: Circulating non-classical monocytes, but not DCs, display an activated phenotype in GCA and PMR patients at diagnosis. These cells are thought to be pro-inflammatory, representing the end stage of monocyte maturation in the blood. In contrast, classical monocytes show reduced expression of activation markers in GCA and PMR patients, potentially signalling either an immature or exhausted phenotype. Shown is the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD11c on the surface of monocyte subsets and CD1c+ conventional dendritic cells (cDC2). Data are shown for patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) or polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and age-matched healthy controls (HCs), n=15 for each group. Statistics by Mann Whitney U. CD11c expression data for pDCs (no CD11c expression) and cDC1 (too small population) are not shown.
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| 11. |
- Törnell, Andreas, 1994, et al.
(author)
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Impact of CYBA genotypes on severity and progression of multiple sclerosis
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 29:5, s. 1457-1464
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose: The NOX2 enzyme of myeloid cells generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been implicated in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to determine the impact of genetic variation within CYBA, which encodes the functional CYBA/p22phox subunit of NOX2, on MS severity and progression. Methods: One hundred three MS patients with up to 49 (median = 17) years follow-up time from first MS diagnosis were genotyped at the single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1049254 and rs4673 within CYBA. Results were matched with disease severity and time to diagnosis of secondary progressive MS (SPMS). NOX2-mediated formation of ROS was measured by chemiluminescence in blood myeloid cells from healthy donors (n=55) with defined genotypes at rs1049254 and rs4673. Results: The rs1049254/G and rs4673/A CYBA alleles were associated with reduced formation of ROS and were thus defined as low-ROS alleles. Patients carrying low-ROS alleles showed reduced multiple sclerosis severity score (p=0.02, N=103, linear regression) and delayed onset of SPMS (p=0.02, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.46, n=100, log-rank test). In a cohort examined after 2005, patients carrying low-ROS CYBA alleles showed >20years longer time to secondary progression (p=0.003, HR = 0.29, n=59, log-rank test). Conclusions: These results implicate NOX2 in MS, in particular for the development of secondary progressive disease, and point toward NOX2-reductive therapy aiming to delay secondary progression.
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| 12. |
- Ho, Cynthia Sin Tian, 1994-, et al.
(author)
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A longitudinal study on the effects of bank branch accessibility on new firm formation in different industries.
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In: Growth and Change. - 0017-4815 .- 1468-2257.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper studies the effects of bank branch accessibility on new firm formation in different industries after the closures of bank branches between 2007 and 2013. Spatial Durbin models are used for a panel dataset of two years — 2007 and 2013 — at the municipal level in all 290 Swedish municipalities. Potential endogeneity issues are controlled for by using an instrumental variable approach to estimate proximity to bank branches. Proximity to bank branches influences new firm formation in some industries in Swedish municipalities, with more pronounced effects in capital-intensive industries, such as manufacturing, ‘transport and communications’, and ‘education, health, and others’, as indicated by the results of using a proxy for proximity to bank branches weighted by firm population. The results of using the proxy for proximity to bank branches weighted by labour population show significant negative effects of proximity to bank branch on new firm formation in the ‘education, health and others’ industry. This study shows that it is important to consider the effects of proximity to bank branches on new firm formation in some industries that are more capital intensive. Policy-makers can use the findings of this research to design policies to increase entrepreneurship in certain industries.
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| 13. |
- Lilja, Mona, 1971, et al.
(author)
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(Re)sketching the theorizing around “missing women”: imageries of the future, resistance, and materializing aspects of gender
- 2021
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In: International feminist journal of politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6742 .- 1468-4470. ; 25:2, s. 266-287
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent sex ratio data indicate that the number of “missing” women and girls has reached approximately 200 million. This is a significant increase since 1990, when roughly 100 million women and girls had “disappeared.” What are the contemporary discussions concerning the widespread practice of the elimination of fetuses and bodies with female genitals? Moreover, how should we, as scholars of law and global politics, name and theorize these “missing” bodies? Despite decades of rigorous scholarship on the connections between sex, gender, and “missing” bodies, there appears to be no agreed understanding of the current and ongoing elimination of fetuses and bodies with female genitals. In this article, we go beyond some well-argued and thought-provoking elaboration and critique of the concept of gendercide to further inquire: what claims should be secured to establish a solid theoretical base for further research on the elimination of fetuses and bodies with female genitals? By building on – in empirical terms – the case of India, our suggested answer to this question rests on two main arguments. First, to capture the motivations and practices of the elimination of fetuses and bodies with female genitals, the productive and materializing aspects of gender should be further interrogated. Second, we argue that previous research has failed to include a temporal dimension to the debate around the “missing” women. We should embrace the imagined emotional encounters with the future, mainly on the part of parents or other family members who perform the sex-selective practices. By integrating these two arguments, we conclude that rethinking the elimination of fetuses and bodies with female genitals also means rethinking the resistance to its practices.
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| 14. |
- Bayram, Gökçe, et al.
(author)
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Health care professionals’ view on pedophilic disorder : a qualitative study
- 2021
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749. ; 38:4, s. 684-695
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the last few years there has been a shift in the view on pedophilia and its treatment in international diagnostic manuals and expert consensus documents. This study seeks to investigate the approach of health care professionals’ on some of the topics that are mostly debated: whether pedophilia without distress or acting out should be considered a mental disorder, whether there can be a changeability of pedophilic sexual interest over life and what the main aim of treatment should be. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the responses in semi-structured interviews of eight Swedish health care professionals with significant clinical experience from this patient category. These results suggest that there is a lack of consensus regarding all three topics, and that the opinions of the experienced health care professionals did not fully comply with the international experts agreements. This might lead to differences in clinical practice depending on who meets the patient, it can make the patients unsure about how they will be treated if they seek help, and it demonstrates a gap between published international research and clinical practice.
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| 15. |
- Cooper, Al, et al.
(author)
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Predicting the future of Internet sex : Online sexual activities in Sweden
- 2003
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Carfax Publishing. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749. ; 18:3, s. 277-291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This is the first large-scale study of Internet sexuality conducted outside the USA. The questionnaire was administered in the Swedish language and utilized responses from one of the most popular portals (Passagen) in Sweden. Responses from 3,614 people were analysed, with a gender distribution of 55% males and 45% females. This is exactly the same percentages as found in the overall use of the Internet in Sweden (Nielsen/Net Ratings, January, 2002) and participation by females allowed for a more detailed examination of their involvement in online sexual activities. A factor analysis found that there were two major and coherent factors that accounted for over one-third of the variance for all participants. These were called 'Seeking partners', and 'Accessing erotica'. The article details several ways these factors were influenced by gender and age. These results also provided corroboration for several important patterns of OSA reported in earlier studies. Sweden might be an especially fortuitous place to do this type of research as the pervasiveness and acceptance of Internet usage is higher than in the USA, and among the highest in the world. It was postulated that these findings might provide an indication of how OSA might evolve in other societies as their populations increasingly spend time online.
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| 16. |
- Lundin, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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”Desire? Who needs desire? Let´s just do it!” : A Qualitative study concerning sexuality and infertility at an Internet support group
- 2015
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Routledge. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749. ; 30:4, s. 433-447
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is limited information regarding everyday descriptions of experiences of sexual problems linked to childlessness. This study examines communication specific to sexual issues addressed within internet support groups focused on involuntarily childlessness. Qualitative content analysis of posts from 100 discussion threads regarding infertility and sexuality issues in the Swedish internet forum “difficult to conceive” at http://www.familjeliv.se was carried out. The findings indicate that forum participants sought one another’s support to cope with the new realities of involuntary childlessness which negatively impacted aspects of their sexuality. The posts suggested that performance anxiety adversely affected participants’ perceived sexuality, and goals shifted away from desire and pleasure and became more technical and outcome- focused. Forums revealed details of an altered self-image among both women and men, which generated a feeling of meaninglessness. The online forum constitutes an arena offering both solution-focused and emotional coping support for issues linked to infertility and sexuality. It is imperative that health information regarding infertility and sexuality uses a bio-psychosocial approach including both emotional and sexual aspects of infertility treatment, and not merely medical facts. Both women and men experiencing involuntary childlessness need anticipatory guidance regarding the adverse impact that infertility may have on their sexual functioning and behaviour.
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| 17. |
- Sandberg, Linn
(author)
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Too late for love? : Sexuality and intimacy in heterosexual couples living with an Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis
- 2023
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Routledge. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749. ; 38:1, s. 118-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New sexual scripts on later life are emerging, discourses on “sexy oldies” challenge pervasive discourses on asexual old age. Still, sexuality among people with dementia, who are generally older, is rarely affirmed. Research on sexuality and dementia is, moreover, dominated by biomedical accounts that regard sexual and intimate behaviours as expressions of pathology. However, sexuality and intimacy could be significant aspects of later life, also when living with dementia. This qualitative study explores experiences of sexuality and intimacy among heterosexual couples where one partner was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Interviews were conducted with seven couples, aged 55–87, and both the person with the dementia diagnosis and their partner participated. The findings point to a diversity of experiences, with differences between the older and younger couples. The older couples experienced changes more as a result of embodied ageing, and sexuality and intimacy were experienced as sources of pleasure, comfort and recognition. The younger couples understood changes more as caused by Alzheimer’s disease and experienced a greater loss of intimacy and desire. The study shows how experiences of sexuality and intimacy when living with dementia are shaped by varying sexual scripts and expectations of health in different parts of the life course.
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| 18. |
- Stentagg, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Sexuality is not age-related : an interview study
- 2023
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased knowledge of how sexuality is expressed in older persons may create opportunities for healthcare professionals to perform care according to a person-centered approach. To describe older people's experiences of sexuality concerning aging, a qualitative study was conducted. Eight persons aged 60 and above were interviewed, and the obtained data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that the participants were certain of being sexually active as they got older. Awareness of what old age can bring regarding illness and increased medication intake was clear, alongside the importance of discussing sexuality with friends or a partner. Age was not seen as an obstacle to continuously being sexually active, and new ways to maintain intimacy and sexuality were identified. According to our results sexuality in older people is about well-being and intimate relationships. Creating opportunities for a trusting, caring relationship can strengthen older people's sexual health. Healthcare professionals must, therefore, make possibilities for trustful relationships to support and discuss sexuality with older people. In this study, eight persons aged 60 and above were interviewed about their experiences of sexuality concerning aging. They described sexuality in terms of well-being and intimate relationships and spoke about the need for support and discussions about sexuality in meetings with healthcare personnel.
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| 19. |
- Svedhem, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Living with genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder in a heterosexual relationship: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of interviews with eight women
- 2013
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Taylor and Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles / Taylor and Francis. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749. ; 28:4, s. 336-349
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vaginismus means an involuntary contraction of the muscles in the outer third of the vagina that causes the woman pain and/or coital difficulties. Earlier research has concentrated on causes and treatment of vaginismus. This study investigates the experiences of women living with vaginismus. Interviews were conducted with eight women with vaginismus, living in a heterosexual relationship. The interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five different experiences were identified, which are presented beneath the headings Fear, Failure, Loneliness, Loss and It does not make a great difference. According to the women, the relationship to the partner, the duration of the problem and the personality of the woman mediate their experience of living with vaginismus. This study also suggests that the image of sexuality that the woman and the surrounding society have influences how the vaginismus affects self-experienced psychological health.
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| 20. |
- Östman, Margareta
(author)
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Severe depression and relationships : the effect of mental illness on sexuality
- 2008
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In: Sexual and Relationship Therapy. - : Routledge. - 1468-1994 .- 1468-1749. ; 23:4, s. 355-363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper sought to investigate how the sexuality of patients and their partners is affected by mental illness and their experience of needing support from psychiatric services. Qualitative, designed in-depth interviews of ten patients admitted to a psychiatric in-patient ward specialising in affective disorders and their partners was carried out and the data analysed by thematic analysis. The following domains emerged: aspects related to the patient him/herself; aspects in relation to medical care; aspects related to the partner him/herself; aspects in relationship to the partner; and aspects in relation to the psychiatric services. Both patients and partners described a feeling of abandonment in the absence of any support or treatment initiative from psychiatric services. They also expressed dissatisfaction with the patient therapist treatment method being focused on one to one therapy leaving their partners feeling excluded and overlooking the partners in having a more interactive role in the treatment process. Our findings highlight the complex nature of dysfunctional sexuality, involving not only the patients who suffer from severe mental illness but their partners as well. Psychiatric services appear to lack methods of support relating to sexuality and long-term relationships.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Bäck, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Coordination of legislative speech in times of crisis : Youth unemployment and debates on redistributive policies in the Swedish Riksdag, 1994-2014
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : WILEY. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 28:4, s. 404-417
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Parliamentary debates and the discussion on different law proposals are a key part of the process of policy making. We argue in this article that a high economic problem pressure in the region an MP represents will affect the MP's legislative speechmaking. We also hypothesise that parties tend to coordinate their speakers in parliament to display a cohesive profile in the domain of labour, employment and immigration issues, i.e., in issue areas which reflect redistributive policies that are highly salient for almost all parties. We evaluate our expectations based on an analysis of Swedish parliamentary debates on labour, employment and immigration policy during the period between 1994 and 2014. The findings show that parliamentary parties coordinate speechmaking: Those MPs who represent economically troubled districts are less likely to appear in plenary debates, as well as MPs who deviate programmatically from the party line.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Östman, Birgit
(author)
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Fire safety in modern wooden houses : mapping of fire incidents in Sweden
- 2017
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In: International fire protection. - 1468-3873. ; :71, s. 46-48
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Multi-storey timber frame houses have been built in Sweden since 1994, when performance-based building regulations were introduced. The construction technology is now well established and steadily growing. Life safety protection is clearly defined in the building regulations. Now, property protection is being discussed from new perspectives.As a first step in better understanding, fire incidents have been mapped. The survey shows that modern apartment buildings with wooden frames have a lower rate of fire incidents than the entire stock of apartment buildings.
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| 26. |
- Beaudon, Emilie, et al.
(author)
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Spatial and temporal variability of net accumulation from shallow cores from Vestfonna ice cap (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard)
- 2011
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In: Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3676 .- 1468-0459. ; 93:4, s. 287-299
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We analyse ice cores from Vestfonna ice cap (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard). Oxygen isotopic measurements were made on three firn cores (6.0, 11.0 and 15.5 m deep) from the two highest summits of the glacier located on the SW–NE and NW–SE central ridges. Sub-annual δ18O cycles were preserved and could be counted visually in the uppermost parts of the cores, but deeper layers were affected by post-depositional smoothing. A pronounced δ18O minimum was found near the bottom of the three cores. We consider candidates for this δ18O signal to be a valuable reference horizon since it is also seen elsewhere in Nordaustlandet. We attribute it to isotopically depleted snow precipitation, which NCEP/NCAR reanalysis shows was unusual for Vestfonna, and came from northerly air during the cold winter of 1994/95. Finding the 1994/95 time marker allows establishment of a precise depth/age scale for the three cores. The derived annual accumulation rates indirectly fill a geographical gap in mass balance measurements and thus provide information on spatial and temporal variability of precipitation over the glacier for the period spanned by the cores (1992–2009). Comparing records at the two locations also reveals that the snow net accumulation at the easternmost part of Vestfonna was only half of that in the western part over the last 17 years.
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| 27. |
- Carsin, Anne-Elie, et al.
(author)
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Spirometric patterns in young and middle-aged adults : a 20-year European study
- 2024
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In: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 79:2, s. 153-162
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Understanding the natural history of abnormal spirometric patterns at different stages of life is critical to identify and optimise preventive strategies. We aimed to describe characteristics and risk factors of restrictive and obstructive spirometric patterns occurring before 40 years (young onset) and between 40 and 61 years (mid-adult onset). Methods We used data from the population- based cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed longitudinally at baseline (ECRHS1, 1993-1994) and again 20 years later ( ECRHS3, 2010-2013). Spirometry patterns were defined as: restrictive if FEV1/ FVC >= LLN and FVC<10th percentile, obstructive if FEV1/FVC
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| 28. |
- Carsin, A. E., et al.
(author)
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Spirometric patterns in young and middle-aged adults: a 20-year European study
- 2024
-
In: Thorax. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0040-6376 .- 1468-3296. ; 79:2, s. 153-162
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Understanding the natural history of abnormal spirometric patterns at different stages of life is critical to identify and optimise preventive strategies. We aimed to describe characteristics and risk factors of restrictive and obstructive spirometric patterns occurring before 40 years (young onset) and between 40 and 61 years (mid-adult onset). Methods We used data from the population- based cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed longitudinally at baseline (ECRHS1, 1993-1994) and again 20 years later ( ECRHS3, 2010-2013). Spirometry patterns were defined as: restrictive if FEV1/ FVC >= LLN and FVC<10th percentile, obstructive if FEV1/FVC
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| 29. |
- Li, Yuheng
(author)
-
Resource Flows and the Decomposition of Regional Inequality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region, 1990-2004
- 2012
-
In: Growth and Change. - : Wiley. - 0017-4815 .- 1468-2257. ; 43:2, s. 335-357
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper introduces a new way of decomposing regional inequality. It divides the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region into three sets of districts in terms of the urban-rural resource flows: urban, peri-urban, and peripheral areas. Unlike the administrative divisions, these three sets of districts show how resource flows and agglomerates at the regional level. The paper decomposes regional inequality according to the three sets of districts. The paper's findings show that regional inequality decreased between 1990 and 1994, after which it remained steady. The study, for the first time, brings peri-urban areas into a regional decomposition analysis, and contributes to the understanding of urban-rural resource flows and inequality changes at the regional level.
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| 30. |
- Mitchell, Don
(author)
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Revolution and the critique of human geography : prospects for the right to the city after 50 years
- 2018
-
In: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography. - : WILEY. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 100:1, s. 2-11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is a slightly revised version of the 2017 Geografiska Annaler B Lecture, which I gave at the Nordic Geography Meeting in Stockholm. It seeks to show why Guy Debord's ([(1967) 1994]. The Society of the Spectacle. Translated by David Nicholson-Smith. NewYork: Zone Books.) is just as important now as it was when it was published 50 years ago - not just politically, but also analytically. To do so, I develop an argument Debord only made in passing: that we live in a world governed by a falling rate of use value. Through this development, I suggest some ways to think about the right to the city - and revolution - in our current moment.
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| 31. |
- Sainsbury, Diane, 1939-, et al.
(author)
-
The Promise and Pitfalls of Gender Mainstreaming : The Swedish Case
- 2009
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In: International feminist journal of politics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-6742 .- 1468-4470. ; 11:2, s. 216-234
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines gender mainstreaming in Sweden, which is an interesting case because several favorable conditions make its implementation likely. It addresses two main questions: (1) to what extent has gender mainstreaming been implemented and (2) what are the consequences? The article first discusses the pros and cons of gender mainstreaming as reflected in the international feminist debate. It then briefly describes the favorable conditions of the Swedish case and subsequently maps out the introduction of gender mainstreaming since 1994, focusing on the process and its politics. It concludes with a discussion of the Swedish experience in terms of the promise and pitfalls of gender mainstreaming identified in the feminist debate and the implications of the Swedish case for feminist theorizing on gender mainstreaming.
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| 32. |
- Niemi, Lasse, et al.
(author)
-
Are modified audit opinions related to the availability of credit? : evidence from finnish SMEs
- 2012
-
In: The European Accounting Review. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8180 .- 1468-4497. ; 21:4, s. 767-796
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the association between credit availability and modified audit opinions using a sample of more than 50,000 observations for small- and medium-sized companies. Studies in finance suggest that companies use trade-credit as a source of financing when institutional debt is not available (e.g. Petersen and Rajan, 1994; Danielsson and Scott, 2004). Building on these studies, we study whether modified audit opinions are associated with an increased use of trade credit relative to bank debt. We find no association between modified audit opinions and our measure of credit rationing. Our archival evidence focusing on SMEs is contrary to much of the earlier research finding that modified audit opinions provide incremental information for lenders. Our study adds to the scarce literature on the role of audit reports as a source of information in SME finance.
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| 33. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Public Interest or Self-Interest? How journalism attracts future journalists
- 2015
-
In: Journal of Media Practice. - 1468-2753. ; 16:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since the 1990s, Western society and its media have veered towards increased market orientation. In this process, values of individualisation and self-interest have emerged as important patterns. Research has shown that media professionals have become slightly more commercially oriented over time, although public interest remains the most important factor when the duties of journalism are fulfilled. What can be said, however, about the journalists of the future? This study aims at analysing why students from different generations are attracted by journalism as profession. It is done by drawing empirical support from two questionnaires completed by first-year students in Sweden in 1994 and 2012. The analysis deals with approximately 160 journalism students and takes as its point of departure the theoretical framework of commercialisation and generational belonging. The main result shows that journalism students have moved slightly towards an increased market orientation but similarly also towards an increased focus on public interest. The paper discusses how this change may affect journalism.
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| 34. |
- Becker, C., et al.
(author)
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Migraine incidence, comorbidity and health resource utilization in the UK
- 2008
-
In: Cephalalgia. - : SAGE Publications. - 0333-1024 .- 1468-2982. ; 28:1, s. 57-64
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Population-based data on migraine incidence and comorbidity are scarce. We therefore aimed to quantify incidence rates and comorbidity of diagnosed migraine and health resource utilization (HRU) in migraineurs in the UK primary care setting. We conducted a follow-up study with a nested case-control analysis on the General Practice Research Database. The study encompassed 51 688 patients with a first-time diagnosis of migraine between 1994 and 2001, and the same number of matched controls. The migraine incidence rate was 3.69 (95± confidence interval 3.66, 3.73) cases per 1000 person-years. It was around 2.5 times higher in women. Most chronic diseases were slightly more prevalent in migraineurs than in controls. Triptan users had higher health resource utilization than other migraineurs. This study shows that migraine is a common diagnosis in general practice and associated with a high prevalence of comorbidity. The increased HRU in triptan users suggests greater migraine severity.
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| 35. |
- Nordenmark, Mikael
(author)
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Does gender ideology explain differences between countries regarding the involvement of women and men in paid and unpaid work?
- 2004
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In: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 13:3, s. 233-243
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Women spend more time doing household work than men, and men spend more time working at paying jobs outside the home than women. But studies also show that there are major differences between countries regarding the degree to which women and men involve themselves in different kinds of labour activity. The main aim of the article is to analyse the significance of gender ideology when studying differences between countries regarding the involvement of women and men in paid and unpaid work. The analysis is based on national random samples from ten OECD countries that were collected within the framework of ISSP 1994. The conclusions are: (a) gender ideology has an impact in all the studied countries on the degree to which women and men involve and engage themselves in labour and (b) gender ideology partially explains the differences between countries regarding women�s and men�s involvement in paid and unpaid work.
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| 36. |
- Berggren Jensen, Tobias, et al.
(author)
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Rethinking value in public management
- 2024
-
In: International Journal of Management Reviews. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1468-2370 .- 1460-8545.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the ascent of the concept of public value, the theory and practice of administration have shifted from a focus on management, effectiveness and efficiency (as espoused in New Public Management) towards an agenda of public value creation. This has resulted in a large, heterogenous number of scholarly publications on public value. In this paper, we review this important body of work from the period 1994 to 2019, discuss it critically and propose a few avenues for future research – especially in terms of conceptualizing public value. We do so by using a mixed-methods approach, incorporating semantic-network analysis, which allows a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of the field of public value. In this article we show in great detail how the literature on public value has evolved and is configured, categorize how value is defined and measured within the literature, introduce a novel mixed-methods approach for literature reviews, and provide three conceptual contributions including (1) digitalization in public value theory can expand our understanding of citizens, (2) public value is more than just public, and (3) visualizing public value through controversy maps. Finally, we provide suggestions for further research.
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| 37. |
- Berglin Blohm, M, et al.
(author)
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An evaluation of the results of media and educational campaigns designed to shorten the time taken by patients with acute myocardial infarction to decide to go to hospital
- 1996
-
In: Heart. - : BMJ Group. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 76:5, s. 430-434
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the benefits and pitfalls of educational campaigns designed to reduce the delay between the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its treatment. METHODS: All seven educational campaigns reported between 1982 and 1994 were evaluated. RESULTS: The impact on delay time ranged from a reduction of patient decision time by 35% to no reduction. One study reported a sustained reduction that resulted in the delay time being halved during the three years after the campaign. The use of ambulances did not increase. Only one study reported that survival was unaffected. There was a temporary increase in the numbers of patients admitted to the emergency department with non-cardiac chest pain in the initial phase of educational campaigns. CONCLUSION: The challenge of shortening the delay between the onset of infarction and the start of treatment remains. The campaigns so far have not been proved to be worthwhile and it is not certain that further campaigns will do better. New media campaigns should be run to establish whether a different type of message is more likely to change the behaviour of people in this life-threatening situation.
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| 38. |
- Hellström, Katerina
(author)
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The Value Relevance of Financial Accounting Information in a Transition Economy: The Case of the Czech Republic
- 2006
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In: The European accounting review. - : Routledge. - 1468-4497 .- 0963-8180. ; 15:3, s. 325-349
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper investigates the value relevance of accounting information in the Czech Republic in 1994-2001. Value relevance is understood as the ability of financial statement information to capture or summarise information that affects share values and empirically tested as a statistical association between market values and accounting values. The objective of the study is to investigate the validity of the value relevance methodology by finding an accounting setting where the results of value relevance tests might be predicted unambiguously. If the results of these tests confirm the predicted results, the validity of the value relevance methodology might be assumed. A transition economy represented by the Czech Republic provides such an institutional and accounting setting. It might be assumed that value relevance of accounting information is lower in a transitional economy than in a well-developed market economy. It can also be assumed that the value relevance increases over time as a result of the progress in transition. The results of the study confirm these predicted results and give thus supportive evidence of the validity of the value relevance methodology.
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| 39. |
- Vink, Maarten, et al.
(author)
-
Long-Term Heterogeneity in Immigrant Naturalization : The Conditional Relevance of Civic Integration and Dual Citizenship
- 2021
-
In: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 37:5, s. 751-765
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- What are the long-term differences in the propensity of immigrants to acquire destination country citizenship under different institutional contexts and how do these vary between migrant groups? This article draws on micro-level longitudinal data from administrative registers in Denmark, the Netherlands, and Sweden-three countries with widely different and changing requirements for the acquisition of citizenship-to track the naturalization propensity of eight complete migrant cohorts (1994-2001) up to 21 years after migration. We find that after two decades in the destination country, cumulative naturalization rates vary remarkably with over 80 per cent of migrants in Sweden, two-thirds in the Netherlands, and only around a third in Denmark having acquired citizenship. We observe lower rates and delayed naturalization for migrants, especially among those with lower levels of education, after language requirements and integration tests were introduced in Denmark and the Netherlands. Dual citizenship acceptance in the Netherlands and Sweden, by contrast, is associated with durably higher citizenship acquisition rates, especially, among migrants from EU and highly developed countries. These findings highlight the long-term but conditional relevance of citizenship policy for immigrant naturalization.
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| 40. |
- Appelros, P, et al.
(author)
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A national stroke quality register : 12 years experience from a participating hospital
- 2007
-
In: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 14:8, s. 890-894
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Registration of all hospitalized stroke patients is practiced in Sweden in order to assess care quality. Data in this register, Riks-Stroke (RS), may be biased due to incomplete registration. The purpose of this paper was to report changes in stroke outcome in relation to fluctuations in registration. Patients registered in RS at a hospital during the period 1994-2005 were analyzed. Case fatality at 28 days, living conditions, and activities of daily living (ADL) performance at 3 months were correlated to the number of patients registered and follow-up frequency. A total of 4994 stroke cases were registered during the period. A high annual registration rate was significantly correlated to a high case fatality ratio. A low annual follow-up rate was associated with a low proportion of patients living in their own home without any need of help. Quality parameters are sensible for selection bias, which make them difficult to compare over time and between hospitals. We suggest that by weighing outcome data against stroke severity, safer conclusions may be drawn. Additionally, hospitals considering setting up quality registers should make every effort to attain complete case ascertainment at all times, including patients managed outside the hospital, in order to avoid selection bias.
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| 41. |
- Moberg, Ylva, et al.
(author)
-
Why do gendered divisions of labour persist? Parental leave take-up among adoptive and biological parents
- 2022
-
In: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 39:2, s. 210-228
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mothers’ longer time out of the labour market due to parental leave has been proposed as one of the main determinants of the gender pay gap. This study focuses on the mechanisms behind the gendered division of care after entering parenthood. By comparing paid parental leave use of biological parents (where mothers gave birth) to adoptive parents (where they did not), we assess to what extend the unequal division of care can be explained by physiological aspects of motherhood or if other explanations, like gender norms or financial motives, can explain these differences. We analyse Swedish register data from 1994 to 2009 on couples whose first child was biological (N = 114,479) or adopted (N = 5,467) (between-family comparisons) and for families who had both adopted and biological children (within-family comparisons; N = 1,033). We find highly similar patterns in the division, length, and timing of parental leave for biological and adoptive children. Both biological and adoptive mothers take the majority of leave (78–82 per cent), the longest leave, and the first leave period. We conclude that persistent norms of mothers as caregivers/homemakers and fathers as breadwinners shape parents’ use of parental leave to a greater extent than factors related to biological motherhood or financial motives.
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| 42. |
- Möller, J, et al.
(author)
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Sexual activity as a trigger of myocardial infarction. A case-crossover analysis in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Programme (SHEEP).
- 2001
-
In: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X .- 0007-0769. ; 86:4, s. 387-90
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate sexual activity as a trigger of myocardial infarction and the potential effect modification of physical fitness. DESIGN: A case-crossover study nested in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Programme (SHEEP). SETTING: Stockholm County from April 1993 to December 1994. PATIENTS: All patients with a first episode of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction admitted to coronary care units were eligible, and 699 patients participated in an interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Only 1.3% of the patients without premonitory symptoms had sexual activity during two hours before the onset of myocardial infarction. The relative risk of myocardial infarction was 2.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7 to 6.5) during one hour after sexual activity, and the risk among patients with a sedentary life was 4.4 (95% CI 1.5 to 12.9). CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of myocardial infarction after sexual activity and the further increase in risk among the less physically fit support the hypothesis of causal triggering by sexual activity. However, the absolute risk per hour is very low, and exposure is relatively infrequent. Thus having sex once a week only increases the annual risk of myocardial infarction slightly. Counselling should focus on encouraging patients to live a physically active life and not on abstaining from sexual activity.
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| 43. |
- Namatovu, Fredinah, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of childhood coeliac disease on ninth grade school performance : evidence from a population-based study
- 2018
-
In: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 103:2, s. 143-148
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Coeliac disease might affect school performance due to its effect on cognitive performance and related health consequences that might increase school absenteeism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether children with coeliac disease performed differently on completion of ninth grade in school compared with children without coeliac disease.Methods: Analysis was performed on a population of 445 669 children born in Sweden between 1991 and 1994 of whom 1767 were diagnosed with coeliac disease. School performance at ninth grade was the outcome and coeliac disease was the exposure. Other covariates included sex, Apgar score at 5 min, small for gestational age, year of birth, family type, parental education and income.Results: There was no association between coeliac disease and school performance at ninth grade (adjusted coefficient -2.4, 95% CI 5.1 to 0.4). A weak association was established between late coeliac diagnosis and higher grades, but this disappeared after adjusting for parent socioeconomic conditions. Being small for gestational age affected performance negatively (adjusted coefficient -6.9, 95% CI 8.0 to 5.7). Grade scores were significantly lower in children living with a single parent (adjusted coefficient -20.6, 95% CI 20.9 to 20.2), compared with those with married/cohabiting parents. A positive association was found between scores at ninth grade and parental education and income.Conclusion: Coeliac disease diagnosis during childhood is not associated with poor school performance at ninth grade.
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| 44. |
- Bergman, David, et al.
(author)
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Two waves of coeliac disease incidence in Sweden : a nationwide population-based cohort study from 1990 to 2015
- 2022
-
In: Gut. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 71:6, s. 1088-1094
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To assess the incidence of biopsy-verified coeliac disease (CD) in Sweden and examine the incidence of duodenal/jejunal biopsies with normal mucosa over time as a proxy for CD awareness and investigation.Design: Nationwide population-based cohort study 1990-2015 based on biopsy reports indicating villous atrophy (VA) or normal mucosa in the duodenum/jejunum.Results: We identified 44 771 individuals (63% females) with a biopsy report specifying VA and 412 279 (62% females) with a biopsy report indicating normal mucosa (without a prior biopsy indicating VA). The median age at diagnosis of CD was 28 years. The mean age-standardised incidence rate during the study period was 19.0 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 17.3 to 20.8). The incidence reached a peak in 1994 for both sexes and a second higher peak in 2002-2003 for females and in 2006 for males. The lifetime risk of developing CD was 1.8% (2.3% in females and 1.4% in males). Prior to 2015, there was a parallel rise in rates for biopsies showing normal duodenal/jejunal mucosa.Conclusions: In Sweden, the incidence of CD increased until 2002-2003 in females and until 2006 in males. Since then, the incidence of CD has declined despite increasing duodenal/jejunal biopsies, suggesting that increased awareness and investigation are unlikely to elevate the incidence of the disease in Sweden. Across a lifetime, 1 in 44 females and 1 in 72 males are expected to be diagnosed with CD in Sweden, indicating a relatively high societal burden of disease.
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| 45. |
- Ergatoudes, Constantinos, et al.
(author)
-
Comparison of incidence rates and risk factors of heart failure between two male cohorts born 30 years apart
- 2020
-
In: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To compare two cohorts of middle-aged men from the general population born 30 years apart for incidence and predictors of heart failure (HF). Methods: Two population samples of men, born in 1913 (n=855) and in 1943 (n=797), were examined at 50 years of age and followed up for 21 years (1963-1994 and 1993-2014). Cox regression analysis was used to examine the impact of different factors on the risk of developing HF. Results: Eighty men born in 1913 (9.4%) and 42 men born in 1943 (5.3%) developed HF during follow-up; adjusted HRs comparing the two cohorts (born 1943 vs 1913) were: 0.46 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.74, p=0.002). In both cohorts, higher body mass index, higher diastolic blood pressure, treatment for hypertension, onset of either atrial fibrillation (AF), ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus were associated with higher risk of HF. Higher heart rate was associated with an increased risk only in men born in 1913, whereas higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking, higher glucose, higher cholesterol and physical inactivity were associated with an increased risk in men born in 1943. AF contributed higher risk of incident HF, whereas SBP and physical inactivity contributed lower risk in men born in 1943 compared with men born in 1913. Conclusions: Men born in 1943 had half the risk of HF after their 50s than those born 30 years earlier. AF, obesity, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and hypertension remain important precursors of HF. © 2020 Author(s).
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| 46. |
- Olofsson, Cecilia Kjellberg, et al.
(author)
-
Outcomes in neonatal critical and non-critical aortic stenosis: A retrospective cohort study
- 2023
-
In: Archives of Disease in Childhood. - : BMJ. - 0003-9888 .- 1468-2044. ; 108:5, s. 398-404
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To compare long-term survival, reinterventions and risk factors using strict definitions of neonatal critical and non-critical valvular aortic stenosis (VAS). Design: A nationwide retrospective study using data from patient files, echocardiograms and the Swedish National Population Registry. Setting and patients: All neonates in Sweden treated for isolated VAS 1994-2018. We applied the following criteria for critical aortic stenosis: valvular stenosis with duct-dependent systemic circulation or depressed left ventricular function (fractional shortening ≤27%). Indication for treatment of non-critical VAS was Doppler mean gradient >50 mm Hg. Main outcome measures: Short-term and long-term survival, aortic valve reinterventions need of valve replacements, risk factors for reintervention and event-free survival. Results: We identified 65 patients with critical VAS and 42 with non-critical VAS. The majority of the neonates were managed by surgical valvotomy. Median follow-up time was 13.5 years, with no patients lost to follow-up. There was no 30-day mortality. Long-term transplant-free survival was 91% in the critical stenosis group and 98% in the non-critical stenosis group (p=0.134). Event-free survival was 40% versus 67% (p=0.002) in the respective groups. Median time from the initial treatment to reintervention was 3.6 months versus 3.9 years, respectively (p=0.008). Conclusions: Critical VAS patients had significantly higher need for reintervention during the first year of life, lower event-free survival and lower freedom from aortic valve replacement at age ≥18 years, compared with neonates with non-critical stenosis.
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| 47. |
- Coleman, Katharina P., et al.
(author)
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Slow Progress on UN Rapid Deployment : The Pitfalls of Policy Paradigms in International Organizations
- 2021
-
In: International Studies Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1521-9488 .- 1468-2486. ; 23:3, s. 455-483
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When reform negotiations in international organizations (IOs) produce limited substantive progress, the diagnosis is typically a lack of political will. We identify a different dynamic: in protracted negotiations, international policy paradigms can emerge that enshrine a politically realistic but incomplete issue definition and thereby focus the debate on a subset of policy instruments that do not fully address the underlying problem. We draw on the multilateral negotiations literature to show how policy paradigms-which are widely explored in Comparative Politics, but largely neglected in International Relations-can emerge even in heterogenous IOs, where deep cognitive cohesion is unlikely. The risk of negotiation failure incentivizes negotiators to adopt and maintain achievable issue and goal definitions, which over time are accepted as axiomatic by diplomats, IO officials, and policy experts. The resulting international policy paradigms help avoid institutional paralysis, but can also impede more ambitious reforms. To establish the empirical plausibility of this argument, we highlight the contemporary international policy paradigm of rapid deployment in UN peacekeeping, which focuses more on establishing an initial brigade-sized presence than on rapid deployment of the full peacekeeping force. Drawing on primary documents and interviews, we identify the roots of this First Brigade policy paradigm in reactions to the UN's failure to respond to the 1994 Rwandan genocide and trace its consolidation during UN reform negotiations in the 2000s and early 2010s. We also demonstrate that an alternative explanation of the paradigm as reflecting operational lessons-learned does not hold: a brigade-sized initial presence is rarely sufficient for mandate implementation, does not reliably speed up full deployment, and creates risks for peacekeepers. By highlighting the existence and impact of international policy paradigms, our study adds to scholarship on the role of ideas in International Relations and provides a novel perspective on reform negotiations in IOs.
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| 48. |
- Davidson, Lars, 1957
(author)
-
Zonal PANS: evaluation of different treatments of the RANS-LES interface
- 2016
-
In: Journal of Turbulence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1468-5248. ; 17:3, s. 274-307
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The partially Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) model can be used to simulate turbulent flows either as RANS, large eddy simulation (LES) or DNS. Its main parameter is f(k) whose physical meaning is the ratio of the modelled to the total turbulent kinetic energy. In RANS f(k) = 1, in DNS f(k) = 0 and in LES f(k) takes values between 0 and 1. Three different ways of prescribing f(k) are evaluated for decaying grid turbulence and fully developed channel flow: f(k) = 0.4, f(k) = k(tot)(3/2)/E and, from its definition, f(k) = k/k(tot) where k(tot) is the sum of the modelled, k, and resolved, k(res), turbulent kinetic energy. It is found that the f(k) = 0.4 gives the best results. InGirimaji and Wallin, a method was proposed to include the effect of the gradient of f(k). This approach is used at RANS- LES interface in the present study. Four different interface models are evaluated in fully developed channel flow and embedded LES of channel flow: in both cases, PANS is used as a zonal model with f(k) = 1 in the unsteady RANS (URANS) region and f(k) = 0.4 in the LES region. In fully developed channel flow, the RANS- LES interface is parallel to the wall (horizontal) and in embedded LES, it is parallel to the inlet (vertical). The importance of the location of the horizontal interface in fully developed channel flow is also investigated. It is found that the location - and the choice of the treatment at the interface - may be critical at low Reynolds number or if the interface is placed too close to the wall. The reason is that the modelled turbulent shear stress at the interface is large and hence the relative strength of the resolved turbulence is small. In RANS, the turbulent viscosity - and consequently also the modelled Reynolds shear stress- is only weakly dependent on Reynolds number. It is found in the present work that it also applies in the URANS region. E K, 1994, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, V37, P139
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| 49. |
- Lindström, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Impact of different aspects of social participation and social capital on smoking cessation among daily smokers: a longitudinal study.
- 2003
-
In: Tobacco Control. - : BMJ. - 1468-3318 .- 0964-4563. ; 12:3, s. 274-281
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To investigate differences in different aspects of social participation and social capital among baseline daily smokers that had remained daily smokers, become intermittent smokers, or stopped smoking at one year follow up. Design/setting/participants/measurements: 12 507 individuals, aged 45–69 years, interviewed at baseline between 1992 and 1994 and at a one year follow up were investigated in this longitudinal study. The three groups of baseline daily smokers were compared to the reference population (baseline intermittent smokers and non-smokers) according to different aspects of social participation and social capital. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess differences in different aspects of social participation and social capital. Results: The baseline daily smokers that remained daily smokers at the one year follow up had significantly increased odds ratios of non-participation in study circles in other places than at work, meeting of organisations other than unions, theatre/cinema, arts exhibition, church, sports events, large gatherings of relatives, and private parties compared to the reference population. The baseline daily smokers that had become intermittent smokers at the one year follow up had significantly increased odds ratios of non-participation in church services. The baseline daily smokers that had stopped smoking had increased odds ratios of non-participation in having attended a meeting of organisations other than labour unions during the past year, having been to a theatre or cinema, and of having visited an arts exhibition during the past year. All three categories of baseline daily smokers had significantly decreased odds ratios of non-participation in night club/entertainment. Conclusions: The baseline daily smokers that had remained daily smokers at the one year follow up had particularly high rates of non-participation compared to the reference population in both activities specifically related to social capital, such as other study circles, meetings of organisations other than labour unions, and church attendance and cultural activities such as theatre/cinema and arts exhibition, although significantly lower participation in cultural activities and meetings of other organisations was also observed among daily smokers that had stopped smoking. All three baseline daily smoker groups had higher rates of having visited a night club during the past year.
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| 50. |
- Ajeganova, S, et al.
(author)
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HIGHER LEVELS OF NATURAL ANTI-PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE ANTIBODIES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER RISK OF INCIDENT CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN YOUNGER PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- 2020
-
In: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79, s. 939-939
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially in seropositive RA, is not fully explained by traditional risk factors. Immuno-inflammatory mechanisms and autoantibodies could be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies have suggested that anti-phosporylcholine antibodies (anti-PC) of IgM subclass counteract the generation of senescent and IL-17+ T-cells, have atheroprotective effects and may play a role in formation and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque.Objectives:To investigate the association between IgM anti-PC antibodies with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity in patients with RA in age and sex groups and by serostatus.Methods:The study population was derived from the BARFOT early RA cohort, recruited in 1994-1999. The outcome was CV events i.e. AMI, angina pectoris, coronary intervention, ischemic stroke and TIA tracked through the Swedish Hospital Discharge and the National Cause of Death Registries. The RA-disease measures and traditional risk factors were assessed according to the protocol. Sera collected at inclusion and the 2-year visit were analyzed with ELISA to determine levels of anti-PC IgM (Athera CVDefine kit, Athera Biotechnologies AB). The Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were applied. Analysis were stratified by median level of IgM anti-PC and performed within strata of age, sex and RA-autoantibodies.Results:In all, 654 patients with early RA, 68% women, mean (SD) age 55(14.7) years, DAS28 5.2(1.3), 60% RF-positive and 60% ACPA-positive without prevalent CVD were included in this analysis. The level of IgM anti-PC at baseline was median (IQR) of 60.9(36.4-94.9) and at 2 years 56.0(32.3-84.2) U/ml. During follow-up of > 10 years, 141 incident CV events (21.6%) were registered. The levels of anti-PC both at inclusion and after 2 years of observation were lower in participants who experienced CV event than in those who did not, p=0.020 and p=0.012.The CV event-free survival differed between patients with levels of anti-PC above median compared with those with levels below, p=0.003 by log-rank test. The risk for incident CV event showed a 0.6-fold hazard (95% CI, 0.4-0.8) among patients with higher anti-PC levels as compared with those with lower levels, p=0.003. In the age groups, the risk for incident CV event was lower in patients aged <55 years at inclusion than in those who were older, hazard ratio (HR) 0.40 (0.17-0.94), p=0.036. This result persisted when adjusted for sex and all traditional risk factors, HR 0.36 (0.14-0.92), p=0.032. Also, the risk for incident CV events was lower in patients with higher anti-PC levels in females, HR 0.61 (0-39-0.45), and double RF- and ACPA- negative patients, 0.44 (0.21-0.90), in crude analyses.The favourable effect of anti-PC at baseline and the CV outcome was not observed in ages >55 years, males, ACPA+ and RF+ patients. There were no significant association between anti-PC level at 2 years and outcome.Conclusion:These results suggest that higher levels of IgM anti-PC are associated with a lower risk of incident CV events over 10 years in younger patients. The favourable atheroprotective effect of IgM anti-PC may be a part of explanation of lower risk of atherosclerotic disease in younger persons, females and in those with seronegative RA.Acknowledgments :6th Framework Program of the European Union (grant LSHM-CT-2006-037227 CVDIMMUNE)Disclosure of Interests:Sofia Ajeganova: None declared, Maria Andersson: None declared, Johan Frostegård Grant/research support from: Unconditional competitive grant from Amgen, related only to PCSK9, not the topic of this abstract, Ingiäld Hafström: None declared
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