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| 2. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Betydelsen av upplevda risker och känslor av otrygghet vid resor med kollektivtrafik : En undersökning i Göteborg samt jämförelse med resultat från Norrköping och Stockholm.
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A questionnaire, including questions about perceived attractiveness, feelings of unsafety and different types of perceived risks connected to five different transport modes (car, city bus, tram, regional bus, and commuter train) was filled out by 58 persons at the city library in Gothenburg. The results showed that perceived risk and worry of being bothered, threatened or attacked might have a larger impact on perceived attractiveness than perceived risk and worry of being seriously injured in traffic accidents. Similar results were obtained in similar studies conducted in Norrköping and in Stockholm. Of the respondents in Gothenburg, 45 % stated that they avoid travelling with particularly tram during evenings and weekends, to the areas Angered or Bergsjön. The results obtained from the studies conducted in Gothenburg and in Stockholm also suggest that perceived risk and worry of being bothered, threatened or attacked affect feelings of unsafety. The results obtained from all three studies showed that certain circumstances, such as the bus stop etc being situated next to a park, contribute to a high degree to feelings of unsafety while walking to, or waiting at, a bus stop etc. When travelling with a public transport mode feelings of unsafety arise for example when the driver/personnel do not supervise their vehicle. In all three studies, women stated to a higher extent than men that different circumstances contribute to feelings of unsafety.
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| 3. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Kollektivtrafik i storstad - : undviker människor att resa på grund av otrygghet?
- 2003
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A questionnaire, including questions pertaining to perceived attractiveness, feelings of unsafety and different types of risks connected to different transport modes (car, city bus, tram, regional bus, commuter train and subway), was filled out by 59 respondents. The results showed that perceived attractiveness might be affected by perceived risks and worry of being bothered, threatened or attacked by fellow passengers to a higher extent than perceived risks and worry of being involved in traffic accidents. Different circumstances, for instance the bus stop etc being remotely situated, were considered to contribute to feelings of unsafety when walking to and waiting at the bus stop etc. When travelling with different public transport modes the participants stated that they feel unsafe if for example drivers/personnel do not supervise their vehicle. Women stated to a higher extent than men that different circumstances contribute to feelings of unsafety when walking to and waiting at the bus stop etc. as well as when travelling with different public transport modes. A majority of the respondents stated that they avoid travelling with the red subway-line during night-time, especially during weekends. The respondents stated that they had a more positive attitude towards tram than towards regional bus and commuter train, which was not the case in a similar study conducted in Norrköping. This result might be explained by a successful introduction of a new tramway-line (Tvärbanan) in Stockholm.
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| 4. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived risk, feelings of safety and worry associated with different travel modes.
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective was to study how perceived accident risk and risk of violence are related to feelings of safety and worry associated with different transport modes (car, taxi, city bus, regional bus, train, ferry and aeroplane). Another aim was to study how individual differences (such as age, sex, the extent to which individuals use different travel modes, personal experience of accidents and violence situations and how individuals perceive themselves) might affect these relationships. A questionnaire was constructed for these purposes and was filled out by 100 respondents. The results showed that there were differences between the respondents' perceptions of accident risk, risk of violence and feelings of safety, as well as differences between the different transport modes. Car received higher ratings of accident risk than the remaining transport modes, whereas city bus and ferry received the highest ratings of risk of violence. The participants seemed to have a fairly good idea of the internal rank order of the transport modes with respect to accident risk, whereas they seemed less aware of the actual size of the differences between the different transport modes. The ratings of feelings of safety and worry were found to be quite similar. Finally, individual differences, such as age and sex, seemed to have some effects on the perceptions of risk and feelings of safety.
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| 5. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-
(författare)
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The Role of Causal Attribution and Self-Focused Attention for Shyness
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka på vilket sätt och i vilken utsträckning blyga personer skiljer sig från icke-blyga personer med avseende på deras attributionsmönster. Resultaten från 3 kvantitativa och 1 kvalitativ studie visar en något annorlunda bild av hur blyghet relaterar till social kognition jämfört med tidigare forskning i området. Följande 4 huvudsakliga slutsatser drogs. (1) Blyga personer har inte nödvändigtvis en snedvriden social kognition eftersom de uppvisade en mindre aktörs–observatörsskillnad jämfört med icke-blyga personer. (2) Det är sannolikt att blyga och självfokuserade personer bedömer sina emotionella reaktioner som orsakade av stabila interna orsaker snarare än mindre stabila interna och externa orsaker. Om blyga personer är mindre självfokuserade så tenderar dessa personer ändå att uppvisa detta attributionsmönster. (3) Blyghet snarare än beteendemässig inhibition har betydelse för vilka orsaker som tillskrivs emotionella reaktioner medan blyghet och beteendemässig inhibition interagerar när det gäller i vilken grad fritt valda orsaker upplevs vara orsakade av interna respektive externa faktorer. En slutsats av dessa resultat är att fortsatt forskning bör fokusera hur människor i sin vardag förklarar sina egna och andra människors beteenden och reaktioner. (4) Mycket blyga personer kan uppleva identitetsförvirring samt kan ha en ambivalent önskan om att vara blyg samtidigt som blygheten försvinner. Trots att dessa resultat pekar på ganska allvarliga konsekvenser av att vara blyg så verkar blyghet generellt betraktas i ett ganska positivt ljus.
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| 6. |
- Alm, Charlotte, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Upplevd trygghet vid resor med kollektiva transportmedel.
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective was to study differences and similarities between different transport modes (car, city bus, tram, regional bus and commuter train) concerning perceived attractiveness, feelings of safety and different types of risks connected to the different transport modes. Another aim was to study to what extent different circumstances (for instance lighting) contribute to feelings of insecurity while travelling with different public transport modes. Finally, an objetive was to study possible effects of individual differences (such as demographic variables). A questionnaire was constructed for these purposes and was filled out by 58 respondents. The results showed that people perceive feelings of safety and attractiveness to be different depending on the transport mode. People perceive private cars to be more attractive than public transport modes. Perceived attractiveness might be affected by perceived risks and worry of being bothered, threatened and violated by fellow passengers to a higher extent than perceived risks and worry of being involved in traffic accidents while travelling. Individual differences might have an affect on perceived attractiveness, feelings of safety and perceptions of risks.
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| 7. |
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| 9. |
- Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, et al.
(författare)
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Conservatism Negatively Predicts Creativity : A Study Across 28 Countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. - 0022-0221 .- 1552-5422.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have found a negative relationship between creativity and conservatism. However, as these studies were mostly conducted on samples of homogeneous nationality, the generalizability of the effect across different cultures is unknown. We addressed this gap by conducting a study in 28 countries. Based on the notion that attitudes can be shaped by both environmental and ecological factors, we hypothesized that parasite stress can also affect creativity and thus, its potential effects should be controlled for. The results of multilevel analyses showed that, as expected, conservatism was a significant predictor of lower creativity, adjusting for economic status, age, sex, education level, subjective susceptibility to disease, and country-level parasite stress. In addition, most of the variability in creativity was due to individual rather than country-level variance. Our study provides evidence for a weak but significant negative link between conservatism and creativity at the individual level (β = −0.08, p < .001) and no such effect when country-level conservatism was considered. We present our hypotheses considering previous findings on the behavioral immune system in humans.
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| 10. |
- Gültekin, Raver, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Eyewitnesses’ Primary Language in Investigative Interviews
- 2023
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Ingår i: ICPS 2023 Brussels. - : Association for Psychological Science. ; , s. 41-41
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examined whether an eyewitness memory accuracy and susceptibility to suggestions were affected by whether the testimony was given in a native or non-native language. Results showed no effects of language on memory accuracy or suggestibility. Witnesses testifying in a non-native vs. native language were less confident in their memory.
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| 11. |
- Raver, Arman, et al.
(författare)
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Memory accuracy, suggestibility and credibility in investigative interviews with native and non-native eyewitnesses
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal practitioners sometimes obtain eyewitness testimonies from non-native language speakers, yet few studies examine the effects of language in investigative interviews. Here, we investigate how testifying in a non-native vs. native language affects memory accuracy, susceptibility to suggestions, and witnesses perceived credibility. After viewing a mock-crime film, participants in Study 1 (N = 121) testified through (1) free recall, (2) cued recall and (3) the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales adapted to the crime scenario used in the present study either in their native (Swedish) or a non-native (English) language. They also rated their confidence in their memories, self-perceived credibility and cognitive effort. Native and non-native witnesses did not differ in memory accuracy, susceptibility to suggestions, self-rated credibility or cognitive effort. Non-native (vs. native) speakers did however report lower confidence in their memories. In Study 2, another group of participants (N = 202) were presented with the testimonies from Study 1, and judged witnesses' credibility. Non-native witnesses were judged as less credible than native speakers. Thus, while the lower confidence exhibited by non-native eyewitnesses did not correspond to their actual memory accuracy, it influenced observers' judgments of their performance. The results provide important knowledge for legal practices when evaluating the reliability of testimonies from non-native vs. native speaking eyewitnesses.
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| 12. |
- Sorokowska, Agnieszka, et al.
(författare)
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Love and affectionate touch toward romantic partners all over the world
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Touch is the primary way people communicate intimacy in romantic relationships, and affectionate touch behaviors such as stroking, hugging and kissing are universally observed in partnerships all over the world. Here, we explored the association of love and affectionate touch behaviors in romantic partnerships in two studies comprising 7880 participants. In the first study, we used a cross-cultural survey conducted in 37 countries to test whether love was universally associated with affectionate touch behaviors. In the second study, using a more fine-tuned touch behavior scale, we tested whether the frequency of affectionate touch behaviors was related to love in romantic partnerships. As hypothesized, love was significantly and positively associated with affectionate touch behaviors in both studies and this result was replicated regardless of the inclusion of potentially relevant factors as controls. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that affectionate touch is a relatively stable characteristic of human romantic relationships that is robustly and reliably related to the degree of reported love between partners.
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