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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andreasson, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Mellan idrottslig disciplin och gränslöst supande
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 24:5, s. 461-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the article is to understand the meaning of subversive situations and collective storytelling in a Swedish male second division handball team. By subversive we mean situations and stories which exceed the limit of what is seen as legitimate outside the secret alliance of the group. The article examines how alcohol functions to transform the scene in which a situation or a collective story becomes subversive.One of the authors spent several years as an active member in the handball team, collecting ethnographical data both from sports settings and related situations involving storytelling, for example, at parties, in dressing rooms, and during team trips to other Nordic countries. In addition interviews were conducted with 17 members of the team. The storytelling and the subversive situations make it possible to create an alternative world, in which the members of the team can overstep different types of rules of conduct and civilized behaviour. This is made possible in part because of the meaning attached to alcohol as a transformer of social reality and also because of the character of the social group as homosocial and secret.
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| 4. |
- Andréasson, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Disease Features and Gastrointestinal Microbial Composition in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis from Two Independent Cohorts
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACR Open Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2578-5745. ; 4:5, s. 417-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The study objective was to examine alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) microbial composition in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to investigate the relationship between SSc features and GI microbiota using two independent, international cohorts. Methods: Prospective patients with SSc from Lund University (LU), Sweden, from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States, and control subjects provided stool specimens for 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analyses were performed. Multivariate negative binomial models identified differentially abundant genera between groups. Results: Patients from LU with SSc (n = 106) with recent SSc diagnosis (median disease duration 2.0 years) had lower abundance of commensal genera (eg, Faecalibacterium) and higher abundance of pathobiont genera (eg, Desulfovibrio) than LU-controls (n = 85). Patients from UCLA with SSc (n = 71) had a similar prevalence of females, a similar body mass index, and similar age but an increased disease duration (median 7.1 years) compared with patients from LU with SSc. Factors associated with beta diversity in patients with SSc from both LU and UCLA included disease duration (P = 0.0016), interstitial lung disease (P = 0.003), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (P = 0.002), and immunosuppression use (P = 0.014). In multivariable analysis, the UCLA-SSc cohort had higher abundance of specific pathobiont genera (eg, Streptococcus) compared with the LU-SSc cohort. Conclusion: Enrichments and depletions in certain microbial genera were observed in patients recently diagnosed with SSc, suggesting that dysbiosis is present in early SSc. Specific disease features were independently associated with fecal microbial composition in both cohorts. After controlling for these factors, the abundance of several pathobiont bacteria differed between the cohorts, suggesting that environmental factors, along with disease manifestations, should be considered in future SSc studies.
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| 5. |
- Andreasson, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum error correction for the toric code using deep reinforcement learning
- 2019
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Ingår i: Quantum. - : Verein zur Forderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften. - 2521-327X. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We implement a quantum error correction algorithm for bit-flip errors on the topological toric code using deep reinforcement learning. An action-value Q-function encodes the discounted value of moving a defect to a neighboring site on the square grid (the action) depending on the full set of defects on the torus (the syndrome or state). The Q-function is represented by a deep convolutional neural network. Using the translational invariance on the torus allows for viewing each defect from a central perspective which significantly simplifies the state space representation independently of the number of defect pairs. The training is done using experience replay, where data from the algorithm being played out is stored and used for mini-batch upgrade of the Q-network. We find performance which is close to, and for small error rates asymptotically equivalent to, that achieved by the Minimum Weight Perfect Matching algorithm for code distances up to d=7. Our results show that it is possible for a self-trained agent without supervision or support algorithms to find a decoding scheme that performs on par with hand-made algorithms, opening up for future machine engineered decoders for more general error models and error correcting codes.
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| 6. |
- Bielecki, Johan, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Electrospray sample injection for single-particle imaging with x-ray lasers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 5:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility of imaging single proteins constitutes an exciting challenge for x-ray lasers. Despite encouraging results on large particles, imaging small particles has proven to be difficult for two reasons: not quite high enough pulse intensity from currently available x-ray lasers and, as we demonstrate here, contamination of the aerosolized molecules by nonvolatile contaminants in the solution. The amount of contamination on the sample depends on the initial droplet size during aerosolization. Here, we show that, with our electrospray injector, we can decrease the size of aerosol droplets and demonstrate virtually contaminant-free sample delivery of organelles, small virions, and proteins. The results presented here, together with the increased performance of next-generation x-ray lasers, constitute an important stepping stone toward the ultimate goal of protein structure determination from imaging at room temperature and high temporal resolution.
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| 7. |
- Cullen, Nicholas C., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing progression biomarkers in clinical trials of early Alzheimer's disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. - : Wiley. - 2328-9503. ; 7:9, s. 1661-1673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the statistical power of plasma, imaging, and cognition biomarkers as Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trial outcome measures. Methods: Plasma neurofilament light, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and cognition were measured longitudinally in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) in control (amyloid PET or CSF A beta 42 negative [A beta-] with Clinical Dementia Rating scale [CDR] = 0; n = 330), preclinical AD (A beta + with CDR = 0; n = 218) and mild AD (A beta + with CDR = 0.5-1; n = 697) individuals. A statistical power analysis was performed across biomarkers and groups based on longitudinal mixed effects modeling and using several different clinical trial designs. Results: For a 30-month trial of preclinical AD, both the temporal composite and hippocampal volumes were superior to plasma neurofilament light and cognition. For an 18-month trial of mild AD, hippocampal volume was superior to all other biomarkers. Plasma neurofilament light became more effective with increased trial duration or sampling frequency. Imaging biomarkers were characterized by high slope and low within-subject variability, while plasma neurofilament light and cognition were characterized by higher within-subject variability. Interpretation: MRI measures had properties that made them preferable to cognition and pNFL as outcome measures in clinical trials of early AD, regardless of cognitive status. However, pNfL and cognition can still be effective depending on inclusion criteria, sampling frequency, and response to therapy. Future trials will help to understand how sensitive pNfL and MRI are to detect downstream effects on neurodegeneration of drugs targeting amyloid and tau pathology in AD.
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| 8. |
- Elsrud, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Precariousness, Sport Participation and Hope Among Young People After Rejections in the Swedish Asylum Process
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 14:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the complex role of hope in relation to sport in the constrained lives of boys and young men who have experienced the Swedish asylum process. The data derives from an ethnographical longitudinal project on the social dimensions of hope in the asylum process. The project is situated in the context of escalating austerity politics and restrictions on asylum law and policy following the increased numbers of people seeking asylum in Sweden and other European countries in 2015. Through ethnographic cases, we expose how political decisions on national and supranational levels, amplified by economic structures, have put research participants in extremely precarious positions, affecting every aspect of their daily lives, including their sports life and ability to hope. Our analysis focuses on how sports may provide moments of realisation that generate distraction and an optimistic future orientation. Sports can also become everyday acts of resistance and manifestations of radical hope, opposing structural constraints. However, our research suggests that long-term, uncertain waiting coupled with neo-liberal labour exploitation creates situations where time and energy are taken over by external control, leading to an inability to maintain hope and experience sports as meaningful.
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| 9. |
- Hong, Shengjun, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers in the EMIF-AD Multimodal Biomarker Discovery dataset.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Susceptibility to AD is considerably determined by genetic factors which hitherto were primarily identified using case-control designs. Elucidating the genetic architecture of additional AD-related phenotypic traits, ideally those linked to the underlying disease process, holds great promise in gaining deeper insights into the genetic basis of AD and in developing better clinical prediction models. To this end, we generated genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data in 931 participants of the European Medical Information Framework Alzheimer's Disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery (EMIF-AD MBD) sample to search for novel genetic determinants of AD biomarker variability. Specifically, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses on 16 traits, including 14 measures derived from quantifications of five separate amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau-protein species in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to confirming the well-established effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on diagnostic outcome and phenotypes related to Aβ42, we detected novel potential signals in the zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3) for CSF-Aβ38 and CSF-Aβ40 levels, and confirmed the previously described sex-specific association between SNPs in geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC) and CSF-tau. Utilizing the results from independent case-control AD GWAS to construct polygenic risk scores (PRS) revealed that AD risk variants only explain a small fraction of CSF biomarker variability. In conclusion, our study represents a detailed first account of GWAS analyses on CSF-Aβ and -tau-related traits in the EMIF-AD MBD dataset. In subsequent work, we will utilize the genomics data generated here in GWAS of other AD-relevant clinical outcomes ascertained in this unique dataset.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Harmful Alcohol Use and Alcohol Dependence as Self-help or With Therapist Guidance : Three-Armed Randomized Trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 1438-8871. ; 23:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Alcohol use is a major contributor to health loss. Many persons with harmful use or alcohol dependence do not obtain treatment because of limited availability or stigma. They may use internet-based interventions as an alternative way of obtaining support. Internet-based interventions have previously been shown to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption in studies that included hazardous use; however, few studies have been conducted with a specific focus on harmful use or alcohol dependence. The importance of therapist guidance in internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) programs is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: This trial aims to investigate the effects of a web-based alcohol program with or without therapist guidance among anonymous adult help-seekers.METHODS: A three-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare therapist-guided ICBT and self-help ICBT with an information-only control condition. Swedish-speaking adult internet users with alcohol dependence (3 or more International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision criteria) or harmful alcohol use (alcohol use disorder identification test>15) were included in the study. Participants in the therapist-guided ICBT and self-help ICBT groups had 12-week access to a program consisting of 5 main modules, as well as a drinking calendar with automatic feedback. Guidance was given by experienced therapists trained in motivational interviewing. The primary outcome measure was weekly alcohol consumption in standard drinks (12 g of ethanol). Secondary outcomes were alcohol-related problems measured using the total alcohol use disorder identification test-score, diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorder, depression, anxiety, health, readiness to change, and access to other treatments or support. Follow-up was conducted 3 (posttreatment) and 6 months after recruitment.RESULTS: During the recruitment period, from March 2015 to March 2017, 1169 participants were included. Participants had a mean age of 45 (SD 13) years, and 56.72% (663/1169) were women. At the 3-month follow-up, the therapist-guided ICBT and control groups differed significantly in weekly alcohol consumption (-3.84, 95% Cl -6.53 to -1.16; t417=2.81; P=.005; Cohen d=0.27). No significant differences were found in weekly alcohol consumption between the self-help ICBT group and the therapist-guided ICBT at 3 months, between the self-help ICBT and the control group at 3 months, or between any of the groups at the 6-month follow-up. A limitation of the study was the large number of participants who were completely lost to follow-up (477/1169, 40.8%).CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a therapist-guided ICBT program was not found to be more effective than the same program in a self-help ICBT version for reducing alcohol consumption or other alcohol-related outcomes. In the short run, therapist-guided ICBT was more effective than information. Only some internet help-seekers may need a multisession program and therapist guidance to change their drinking when they use internet-based interventions.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02377726; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02377726.
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based therapy versus face-to-face therapy for alcohol use disorder, a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 116:5, s. 1088-1100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aimsMost people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are never treated. Internet-based interventions are effective in reducing alcohol consumption and could help to overcome some of the barriers to people not seeking or receiving treatment. The aim of the current study was to compare internet-delivered and face-to-face treatment among adult users with AUD.DesignRandomized controlled non-inferiority trial with a parallel design, comparing internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy (ICBT) (n = 150) with face-to-face CBT (n = 151), at 3- and 6-month follow-ups.SettingA specialized clinic for people with AUD in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants were recruited between 8 December 2015 and 5 January 2018.ParticipantsA total of 301 patients [mean age 50 years, standard deviation (SD) = 12.3] with AUD, of whom 115 (38%) were female and 186 (62%) were male.Intervention and comparatorParticipants were randomized in blocks of 20 at a ratio of 1 : 1 to five modules of therapist-guided ICBT or to five modules of face-to-face CBT, delivered over a 3-month period. The same treatment material and the same therapists were used in both groups.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was standard drinks of alcohol consumed during the previous week at 6-month follow-up, analysed according to intention-to-treat. The pre-specified non-inferiority limit was five standard drinks of alcohol and d = 0.32 for secondary outcomes.ResultsThe difference in alcohol consumption between the internet and the face-to-face group was non-inferior in the intention-to-treat analysis of data from the 6-month follow-up [internet = 12.33 and face-to-face = 11.43, difference = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.10 to 2.88]. The secondary outcome, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score, failed to show non-inferiority of internet compared with face-to-face in the intention-to-treat analysis at 6-month follow-up (internet = 12.26 and face-to-face = 11.57, d = 0.11, 95% CI = –0.11 to 0.34).ConclusionsInternet-delivered treatment was non-inferior to face-to-face treatment in reducing alcohol consumption among help-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder but failed to show non-inferiority on some secondary outcomes.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lindner, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Combining online Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) with a parent-training programme for parents with partners suffering from alcohol use disorder : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 8:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Partners and children of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present with impaired quality of life and mental health, yet seldom seek or participate in traditional supportive interventions. Engaging the parent/partner without AUD in treatment is a promising way of supporting behavioural change in both the child and the parent with AUD. Universal parent-training (PT) programmes are effective in increasing children’s well-being and decreasing problem behaviours, but have yet to be tailored for children with a parent with AUD. Community Reinforcement Approach And Family Training (CRAFT) programmes are conceptually similar, and aim to promote behavioural change in individuals with AUD by having a concerned significant other change environmental contingencies. There has been no study on whether these two interventions can be combined and tailored for partners of individuals with AUD with common children, and delivered as accessible, online self-help.Methods and analysis: n=300 participants with a child showing mental health problems and partner (co-parent) with AUD, but who do not themselves present with AUD, will be recruited from the general public and randomised 1:1 to either a four-module, online combined PT and CRAFT programme or a psychoeducation-only comparison intervention. Primary outcome will be the child’s mental health. Additional outcomes will cover the partner’s drinking, the participants own mental health and drinking, the child’s social adjustment, treatment seeking in all three parties and parental self-efficacy. Measures will be collected preintervention, mid-intervention and postintervention, and three times during a 2-year follow-up period. Data will be analysed using mixed-effects modelling.Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Stockholm Regional Ethical Review Board (2016/2179-31). The results will be presented at conferences and published as peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration number: ISRCTN38702517; Pre-results.
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| 14. |
- Lindner, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Combining online community reinforcement and family training with a parent training program for parents with partners suffering from alcohol use disorder : Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Partners and children of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) present impaired quality of life and mental health, yet seldom seek or participate in traditional supportive interventions. Engaging the parent/partner without AUD in treatment is a promising way of supporting behavior change in both the child and the parent with AUD. Universal parent training (PT) programs are effective in increasing children´s well-being and decreasing problem behaviors, but have yet to be tailored for children with a parent with AUD. Community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) programs are conceptually similar, and aim to promote behavior change in individuals with AUD by having a concerned significant other change environmental contingencies. There has been no study on whether these two interventions can be combined and tailored for partners of individuals with AUD with common children, and delivered as accessible, online self-help. Methods and analysis: N=300 participant who share a child showing mental health problems with a person with AUD, but do not present AUD themselves, will be recruited from the general public and randomized 1:1 to either a four-module, online combined PT and CRAFT program, or a psychoeducation-only comparison intervention. Primary outcome will be the child’s mental health. Additional outcomes will cover the partner’s drinking, the participants own mental health and drinking, the child’s social adjustment, treatment-seeking in all three parties, and parental self-efficacy. Measures will be collected pre-, mid- and post-intervention, and three times during a two-year follow-up period. Data will be analyzed using mixed effects modeling. Trial status: This trial is currently recruiting.
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| 15. |
- Mattsson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma tau in Alzheimer disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 87:17, s. 1827-1835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To test whether plasma tau is altered in Alzheimer disease (AD) and whether it is related to changes in cognition, CSF biomarkers of AD pathology (including β-amyloid [Aβ] and tau), brain atrophy, and brain metabolism. Methods: This was a study of plasma tau in prospectively followed patients with AD (n 179), patients with mild cognitive impairment (n 195), and cognitive healthy controls (n 189) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and cross-sectionally studied patients with AD (n 61), mild cognitive impairment (n 212), and subjective cognitive decline (n 174) and controls (n 274) from the Biomarkers for Identifying Neurodegenerative Disorders Early and Reliably (BioFINDER) study at Lund University, Sweden. A total of 1284 participants were studied. Associations were tested between plasma tau and diagnosis, CSF biomarkers, MRI measures, 18 fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, and cognition. Results: Higher plasma tau was associated with AD dementia, higher CSF tau, and lower CSF Aβ 42, but the correlations were weak and differed between ADNI and BioFINDER. Longitudinal analysis in ADNI showed significant associations between plasma tau and worse cognition, more atrophy, and more hypometabolism during follow-up. Conclusions: Plasma tau partly reflects AD pathology, but the overlap between normal aging and AD is large, especially in patients without dementia. Despite group-level differences, these results do not support plasma tau as an AD biomarker in individual people. Future studies may test longitudinal plasma tau measurements in AD.
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| 16. |
- Neumann, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate GWAS of Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarker profiles implies GRIN2D in synaptic functioning.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Genome medicine. - 1756-994X. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have identified several risk loci, but many remain unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may aid in gene discovery and we previously demonstrated that six CSF biomarkers (β-amyloid, total/phosphorylated tau, NfL, YKL-40, and neurogranin) cluster into five principal components (PC), each representing statistically independent biological processes. Here, we aimed to (1) identify common genetic variants associated with these CSF profiles, (2) assess the role of associated variants in AD pathophysiology, and (3) explore potential sex differences.We performed GWAS for each of the five biomarker PCs in two multi-center studies (EMIF-AD and ADNI). In total, 973 participants (n=205 controls, n=546 mild cognitive impairment, n=222 AD) were analyzed for 7,433,949 common SNPs and 19,511 protein-coding genes. Structural equation models tested whether biomarker PCs mediate genetic risk effects on AD, and stratified and interaction models probed for sex-specific effects.Five loci showed genome-wide significant association with CSF profiles, two were novel (rs145791381 [inflammation] and GRIN2D [synaptic functioning]) and three were previously described (APOE, TMEM106B, and CHI3L1). Follow-up analysesof the two novel signals in independent datasets only supported the GRIN2D locus, which contains several functionally interesting candidate genes. Mediation tests indicated that variants in APOE are associated with AD status via processes related to amyloid and tau pathology, while markers in TMEM106B and CHI3L1 are associated with AD only via neuronal injury/inflammation. Additionally, seven loci showed sex-specific associations with AD biomarkers.These results suggest that pathway and sex-specific analyses can improve our understanding of AD genetics and may contribute to precision medicine.
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| 17. |
- Shi, Liu, et al.
(författare)
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Replication study of plasma proteins relating to Alzheimer's pathology.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279 .- 1552-5260. ; 17:9, s. 1452-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sought to discover and replicate plasma proteomic biomarkers relating to Alzheimer's disease (AD) including both the "ATN" (amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration) diagnostic framework and clinical diagnosis.Plasma proteins from 972 subjects (372 controls, 409 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 191 AD) were measured using both SOMAscan and targeted assays, including 4001 and 25 proteins, respectively.Protein co-expression network analysis of SOMAscan data revealed the relation between proteins and "N" varied across different neurodegeneration markers, indicating that the ATN variants are not interchangeable. Using hub proteins, age, and apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype discriminated AD from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 and MCI convertors from non-convertors with an AUC of 0.74. Targeted assays replicated the relation of four proteins with the ATN framework and clinical diagnosis.Our study suggests that blood proteins can predict the presence of AD pathology as measured in the ATN framework as well as clinical diagnosis.
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| 18. |
- Willemse, Eline A J, et al.
(författare)
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Neurogranin as Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Alzheimer Disease: An Assay Comparison Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1530-8561 .- 0009-9147. ; 64:6, s. 927-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlates with cognitive decline and is a potential novel biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. We investigated the analytical and diagnostic performance of 3 commonly used neurogranin assays in the same cohort of patients to improve the interpretability of CSF neurogranin test results.The neurogranin Singulex assay from Washington University, St. Louis, MO (WashU); ELISA from ADx Neurosciences; and ELISA from Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden (UGot), were compared using silver staining and Western blot after gel electrophoresis. Clinical performance of the 3 assays was compared in samples from individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (n = 22), and in patients with AD (n = 22), frontotemporal dementia (n = 22), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 22), or vascular dementia (n = 20), adjusted for sex and age.The assays detected different epitopes of neurogranin: the WashU assay the N-terminal part of neurogranin (S10-D23) and a C-terminal part (G49-G60), the ADx assay C-terminal neurogranin truncated at P75, and the UGot assay the C-terminal neurogranin with intact ending (D78). Spearman ρ was 0.95 between ADx and WashU, 0.87 between UGot and WashU, and 0.81 between UGot and ADx. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) showed group differences for ranked neurogranin concentrations in each assay (allP< 0.05), with specific increases in AD.Although the 3 assays target different epitopes on neurogranin and have different calibrators, the high correlations and the similar group differences suggest that the different forms of neurogranin in CSF carry similar diagnostic information, at least in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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