1. |
- Akhter, Tansim, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Singleton Nulliparous Spontaneous Preterm Birth with and without Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes—A National Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Perinatology. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0735-1631 .- 1098-8785.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Preterm birth (PTB, birth before 37 gestational weeks) is the leading cause of neonatal death and a major challenge for obstetric and neonatal care. About two-thirds of PTBs are spontaneous PTB (sPTB), of which approximately 30% start with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors and maternal and perinatal outcomes in sPTB with and without PPROM.Study Design This is a national population-based cohort study including all singleton pregnancies in nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labor and vaginal births (n = 266,968) registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 2005 to 2014. sPTB with PPROM (sPTB-PPROM) and sPTB without PPROM were compared regarding risk factors and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjustments were made for maternal age, body mass index, country of birth, smoking, chronic hypertension, pregestational and gestational diabetes, and gestational length.Results sPTB-PPROM (n = 5,037), compared with sPTB without PPROM (n = 8,426), was more common in women with previous spontaneous abortions, prepregnancy urinary tract infections, chronic hypertension, and gestational diabetes and had a higher risk of postpartum endometritis (aOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.55–5.00). Infants born to women with sPTB-PPROM had a lower risk of birth asphyxia (aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.83), respiratory distress syndrome (aOR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.70–1.00), retinopathy of prematurity (aOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.92–0.94), necrotizing enterocolitis (aOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.94–0.96), and higher risk of hypoglycemia (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.28), and hyperbilirubinemia (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.19–1.38) compared with infants born to sPTB without PPROM.Conclusion Our findings of risk factors and distinct differences in adverse outcomes after sPTB-PPROM compared with sPTB without PPROM are of vital importance and might serve as a basis when elaborating programs for the prevention and management of PPROM.
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2. |
- Asp, Joline, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol exposure prior to pregnancy-does hazardous consumption affect placenta- and inflammatory-mediated pregnancy outcomes? A Swedish population-based cohort study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 101:12, s. 1386-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is related to severe birth complications such as low birthweight, preterm birth and birth defects. During the last decade, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) has been used as a screening tool in Swedish maternal healthcare units to identify hazardous, pre-pregnancy alcohol use. However, evaluation of the screening with AUDIT, as well as adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes, has not been assessed at a national level.This was a population-based cohort study of 530458 births from 2013 to 2018 using demographic, reproductive and maternal health data from the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Self-reported alcohol consumption in the year before pregnancy, measured as AUDIT scores, was categorized into moderate (6-13 points) and high-risk (14-40 points) consumption, with low-risk (0-5 points) consumption as the reference group. Associations with pregnancy- and birth outcomes were explored with logistic regressions using generalized estimating equation models, adjusting for maternal and socioeconomic characteristics. Estimates are presented as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).High-risk and moderate pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption was associated with preeclampsia, preterm birth and birth of an infant small for gestational age (SGA), but these associations were nonsignificant after adjustments. Prior moderate-risk (aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.17-1.42) and high-risk consumption (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17-2.25) increased the likelihood of intrapartum and neonatal infections.Apart from identifying hazardous alcohol consumption prior to pregnancy and the offer of counseling, screening with the AUDIT in early pregnancy indicates a high risk of inflammatory-/placenta-mediated pregnancy and birth outcomes. For most outcomes, AUDIT was not an independent contributor when adjusting for confounding factors. Hazardous alcohol use prior to pregnancy was independently linked to intrapartum and neonatal infections; conditions associated with morbidity and long-term sequalae. These associations may be explained by alcohol-induced changes in the maternal or fetal immune system in early pregnancy or persistent alcohol intake during pregnancy, or may depend on unidentified confounding factors.
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3. |
- Belachew, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal study of the uterine body and cavity with three-dimensional ultrasonography in the puerperium
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 91:10, s. 1184-1190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To describe uterine involution in the puerperium with three-dimensional ultrasound.Design. Prospective, longitudinal study.Setting. Fetal medicine unit, department of obstetrics and gynecology, university referral hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.Population. Fifty women with uncomplicated deliveries and puerperium between February 2009 and February 2010.Methods. Three-dimensional ultrasound was used to measure the uterine body and cavity volumes. The volume data set was analysed using virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) with a 30 degree rotation step. Measurements were performed transabdominally on days 1, 7 and 14 and transvaginally on days 28 and 56 postpartum. Parity, gestational age, birthweight, smoking, breastfeeding and blood loss were recorded.Main outcome measures. Uterine body and cavity volumes. Results. Median uterine body volume was 756 cm3 on day 1, 440 cm3 on day 7, 253 cm3 on day 14, 125 cm3 on day 28 and 68 cm3 on day 56. Median cavity volume was 22 cm3 on day 1, 18 cm3 on day 7, 6 cm3 on day 14, 1 cm3 on day 28 and not measurable on day 56. The interindividual variation of uterine body and cavity volumes was most pronounced on day 1 and decreased throughout the observation period. Intrauterine content was found in 36% of the women on day 1, 95% on day 7, 87% on day 14 and 28% on day 28.Conclusions. Three-dimensional ultrasound is a non-invasive tool suitable for measurement of the uterine body and cavity volumes during the puerperium. The volumes decreased in a similar pattern in the study population.
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4. |
- Belachew, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Placental location, postpartum hemorrhage and retained placenta in women with a previous cesarean section delivery : a prospective cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 122:3, s. 185-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Women previously giving birth with cesarean section have an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and retained placenta. The objective of this study was to determine if anterior placental location increased the risk of PPH and retained placenta in such women.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study on 400 women with cesarean section delivery in a previous pregnancy. Ultrasound examinations were performed at gestational week 28-30, and placental location, myometrial thickness, and three-dimensional vascularization index (VI) were recorded. Data on maternal age, parity, BMI, smoking, gestational week at delivery, induction, delivery mode, oxytocin, preeclampsia, PPH, retained placenta, and birth weight were obtained for all women. Outcome measures were PPH (≥1,000 mL) and retained placenta.RESULTS: The overall incidence of PPH was 11.0% and of retained placenta 3.5%. Twenty-three women (11.8%) with anterior placenta had PPH compared to 12 (6.9%) with posterior or fundal locations. The odds ratio was 1.94, but it did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant risk increase for retained placenta in women with anterior placentae. Seven of eight women with placenta previa had PPH, and four had retained placenta.CONCLUSIONS: The overall risk of PPH and retained placenta was high for women with previous cesarean section. Anterior location of the placenta in such women tended to impose an increased risk for PPH but no risk increase of retained placenta. Placenta previa in women with previous cesarean section is associated with a high risk for PPH and retained placenta.
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5. |
- Belachew, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of retained placenta in women previously delivered by caesarean section : a population-based cohort study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 121:2, s. 224-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether women with a caesarean section at their first delivery have an increased risk of retained placenta at their second delivery.DESIGN: Population-based cohort study.SETTING: Sweden.POPULATION: All women with their first and second singleton deliveries in Sweden during the years 1994-2006 (n = 258 608). Women with caesarean section or placental abruption in their second pregnancy were not included in the study population.METHODS: The risk of retained placenta at second delivery was estimated for women with a first delivery by caesarean section (n = 19 458), using women with a first vaginal delivery as reference (n = 239 150). Risks were calculated as odds ratios by unconditional logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals (95%) after adjustments for maternal, delivery, and infant characteristics.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Retained placenta with normal (≤1000 ml) and heavy (>1000 ml) bleeding.RESULTS: The overall rate of retained placenta was 2.07%. In women with a previous caesarean section and in women with previous vaginal delivery, the corresponding rates were 3.44% and 1.96%, respectively. Compared with women with a previous vaginal delivery, women with a previous caesarean section had an increased risk of retained placenta (adjusted OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.32-1.59), and the association was more pronounced for retained placenta with heavy bleeding (adjusted OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.44-1.79).CONCLUSIONS: Our report shows an increased risk for retained placenta in women previously delivered by caesarean section, a finding that should be considered in discussions of mode of delivery.
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6. |
- Belachew, Johanna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional ultrasound does not improve diagnosis of retained placental tissue compared to two-dimensional ultrasound
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 94:1, s. 112-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study objective was to improve ultrasonic diagnosis of retained placental tissue by measuring the volume of the uterine body and cavity using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. Twenty-five women who were to undergo surgical curettage due to suspected retained placental tissue were included. The volume of the uterine body and cavity was measured using the VOCAL imaging program. Twenty-one women had retained placental tissue histologically verified. Three of these had uterine volumes exceeding the largest volume observed in the normal puerperium. Seventeen of the 21 women had a uterine cavity volume exceeding the largest volume observed in the normal puerperium. In all 14 cases examined 28 days or more after delivery the cavity volume exceeded the largest volume observed in the normal puerperium. A large cavity volume estimated with 3D ultrasound is indicative of retained placental tissue. However, 3D ultrasound adds little or no diagnostic power compared to 2D ultrasound.
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7. |
- Bergman, Eva, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-administered symphysis-fundus measurements analyzed with a novel statistical method for detection of intrauterine growth restriction : a clinical evaluation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:8, s. 890-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To assess the ability of self-administered symphysis fundus measurements used with the Shiryaev-Roberts statistical method (SR method) to identify growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses and compare it with the traditional SF method (symphysis fundus measurements used with a population-based reference curve). Design. Longitudinal study. Setting. Pregnant women attending primary antenatal care centres. Population. From a population of 1 888 women with singleton ultrasound-dated pregnancies, we analyzed data from 1 122 women. Methods. Weekly self-administered SF measurements from gestational week 25 until delivery were analyzed according to the SR method. Neonatal morbidity and small for gestational age (SGA) were used as proxies for IUGR. Small for gestational age was defined as a birthweight less than two standard deviations (SD) and <10th percentile. We assessed the sensitivity of the SR and the SF methods to detect neonatal morbidity and SGA. Main Outcome Measures. Birth-related mortality, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, Apgar score <= 6 at five minutes, pH <= 7.00 in the umbilical artery, neonatal care, preterm delivery, operative delivery for fetal distress and SGA. Results. For the SR method, the sensitivity for neonatal morbidity was between 6.0 and 36.4%, for SGA <2SD 36.8%, and for SGA <10th percentile 20.9%. The SF method had a sensitivity between 6.0 and 13.8% for neonatal morbidity, 52.3% for SGA <2SD and 28.6% for SGA <10th percentile. Conclusions. The SR and the SF methods had low sensitivities for neonatal morbidity.
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8. |
- Blixt, Ingrid, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding training improved healthcare professional's self-efficacy to provide evidence-based breastfeeding support : A pre-post intervention study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier. - 0266-6138 .- 1532-3099. ; 125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe healthcare professional's (HCP's) perceived self-efficacy in their ability to provide breastfeeding support before and after a breastfeeding training program.DESIGN: Pre-post intervention study.SETTING: Antenatal care and child healthcare (CHC) centres in Sweden during 2020.PARTICIPANTS: An intervention group consisting of 39 HCPs (midwives 51.3%, child healthcare nurses 46.2%) completing a questionnaire at baseline and after intervention, and a control group of 34 HCPs (midwives 61.8%, child healthcare nurses 38.2%) completing a questionnaire at baseline.INTERVENTION: A breastfeeding training program in line with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and WHO recommendations about breastfeeding.MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: The 11-item Breastfeeding Support Confidence Scale (BSCS) measures HCP's self-efficacy regarding providing breastfeeding support in line with Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding and WHO recommendations. The intervention group experienced a significantly increased self-efficacy from pre-intervention to post-intervention for 8 of the 11 BSCS items, with the overall BSCS index score increasing from 36.87 to 39.56 points (p = 0.001). The index score in the intervention group at follow-up was significantly higher than the corresponding score in the control group at baseline (p = 0.025). The intervention group had significantly higher scores at follow-up than the control group at baseline on the questions: "I'm sure that I can help mothers continue to breastfeed even if the infant doesn't follow the growth curve" (p = 0.026) and "I'm sure that I can help mothers continue to breastfeed when the breastfeeding is painful" (p = 0.048).KEY CONCLUSIONS: The breastfeeding training program improved HCP' self-efficacy to provide evidence-based support to breastfeeding mothers.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This training program is well suited to implement in clinical practice and follows the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12623000648628.
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9. |
- Blixt, Ingrid, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Partners' experiences of breastfeeding : a qualitative evaluation of a breastfeeding support intervention in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Breastfeeding Journal. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1746-4358. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The World Health Organization states that women and their families need breastfeeding support from the healthcare system. However, knowledge about the most effective way to involve the partner in breastfeeding is lacking. A qualitative evaluation can provide insight and knowledge about the partner's experiences towards a breastfeeding support intervention and thus contribute to how forthcoming breastfeeding support policies are designed. The aim of this study was to explore partners' experiences regarding breastfeeding while participating in The Breastfeeding Study.Methods: An exploratory, longitudinal and qualitative design was used. This study was part of The Breastfeeding Study, which took place in Sweden. The intervention was performed in line with the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Partners in the in the intervention group (IG) were part of a structured breastfeeding support programme. An individual breastfeeding plan was established in cooperation with the parents-to-be during pregnancy, and the plan was followed up at the child healthcare centre. A purposive sample was recruited from March to December 2021. Interviews and diary entries from IG (n = 8) and control group (CG) (n = 8) during pregnancy and 2 months after birth were analysed by content analysis, in accordance with the COREQ guidelines.Results: Partners' experiences can be summarised under the main category of 'Striving to be part of the family and important that the family's everyday life was well-functioning'. IG partners experienced that both parents were involved and cooperated in the breastfeeding process and that guidance from healthcare professionals (HCPs) helped them to feel secure. CG partners experienced feeling excluded and not receiving support from HCPs.Conclusion: Both parents need to be targeted in breastfeeding support policies to meet the support needs. Midwives at antenatal care and child healthcare nurses at the child healthcare centre have important roles to play in providing structured breastfeeding support and a breastfeeding plan. Both IG and CG partners strived to become a part of the infant's life and to make family life work. Midwives should involve both parents in a reflective dialogue on how the partner can be involved, apart from just feeding the infant.
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10. |
- Bolin, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of Preeclampsia by Combining Serum Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein and Uterine Artery Doppler
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hypertension. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0895-7061 .- 1941-7225. ; 25:12, s. 1305-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPreeclampsia is associated with both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a protein interacting with angiogenesis, coagulation, and inflammatory responses, processes known to be altered in preeclamptic pregnancies. Significantly lower levels of HRG have been demonstrated as early as in the first trimester in women later developing preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of HRG and uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography can be used as a predictor of preeclampsia.MethodsA total of 175 women were randomly selected from a case-control study; 86 women had an uncomplicated pregnancy and 89 women later developed preeclampsia. Blood samples and pulsatility index (PI) were obtained from both cases and controls in gestational week 14.ResultsHRG levels were significantly lower in women who developed preterm preeclampsia compared with controls, but not for women developing preeclampsia in general. PI was significantly higher in the preeclampsia group compared with controls, especially in preterm preeclampsia. The combination of HRG and PI revealed a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 62% for preterm preeclampsia.ConclusionsThe combination of HRG and uterine artery Doppler may predict preterm preeclampsia in early pregnancy.
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11. |
- Carlsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Patient Information Websites About Congenital Heart Defects : Mixed-Methods Study of Perspectives Among Individuals With Experience of a Prenatal Diagnosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Interactive Journal of Medical Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1929-073X. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: When a heart defect is prenatally diagnosed in the fetus, expectant parents experience a great need for information about various topics. After the diagnosis, the Web is used for supplemental information, and the scarcity of research calls attention to the need to explore patient information websites from the perspectives of the intended consumers.Objective: The overarching aim of this study was to explore the quality of Swedish patient information websites about congenital heart defects, from the perspectives of individuals with experience of a prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defect in the fetus.Methods: This was a mixed-methods study of websites identified through systematic searches in the two most used Web-based search engines. Of the total 80 screened hits, 10 hits led to patient information websites about congenital heart defects. A quality assessment tool inspired by a previous study was used to evaluate each website’s appearance, details, relevance, suitability, information about treatment choices, and overall quality. Answers were given on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1, representing the lowest score, to 5, representing the highest score. Each website was assessed individually by persons with experience of continued (n=4) and terminated (n=5) pregnancy following a prenatal diagnosis. Assessments were analyzed with Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W, Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman’s test, and a Wilcoxon-Nemenyi-McDonald-Thompson test. In addition, each assessor submitted written responses to open-ended questions in the quality assessment tool, and two joint focus group discussions were conducted with each group of assessors. The qualitative data were analyzed with inductive manifest content analysis.Results: Assessments represented a low score (median=2.0) for treatment choices and moderate scores (median=3.0) for appearance, details, relevance, suitability, and overall quality. No website had a median of the highest achievable score for any of the questions in the quality assessment tool. Medians of the lowest achievable score were found in questions about treatment choices (n=4 websites), details (n=2 websites), suitability (n=1 website), and overall quality (n=1 website). Websites had significantly different scores for appearance (P=.01), details (P<.001), relevance (P<.001), suitability (P<.001), treatment choices (P=.04), and overall quality (P<.001). The content analysis of the qualitative data generated six categories: (1) advertisements, (2) comprehensiveness, (3) design, (4) illustrations and pictures, (5) language, and (6) trustworthiness. Various issues with the included websites were highlighted, including the use of inappropriate advertisements, biased information, poor illustrations, complex language, and poor trustworthiness.Conclusions: From the perspectives of the intended consumers, patient information websites about congenital heart defects are, to a large extent, inadequate tools for supplemental information following a prenatal diagnosis. Health professionals should initiate discussions with patients about their intentions to use the Web, inform them about the varied quality in the Web-based landscape, and offer recommendations for appropriate Web-based sources.
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12. |
- Cederlund, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetic resonance imaging in the second trimester as a complement to ultrasound for diagnosis of fetal anomalies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 13:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFetal ultrasound has limitations, especially if the patient is obese or in cases with oligohydramnios. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can then be used as a complement, but only few studies have focused on examinations in the second trimester.PurposeTo validate MRI as a complement to diagnose fetal anomalies in the second trimester.Material and MethodsThis retrospective study retrieved data from January 2008 to July 2012 from the Fetal Medicine Unit and Department of Radiology at Uppsala University Hospital. Ultrasound and MRI findings were reviewed in 121 fetuses in relation to the final diagnosis, including postpartum follow-up and autopsy results.ResultsOf the 121 fetuses, 51 (42%) had a CNS anomaly and 70 (58%) a non-CNS anomaly diagnosed or suspected. MRI provided additional information in 21% of all cases without changing the management and revealed information that changed the management of the pregnancy in 13%. When a CNS anomaly was detected or suspected, the MRI provided additional information in 22% and changed the management in 10%. The corresponding figures for non-CNS cases were 21% and 16%, respectively. The proportion of cases with additional information that changed the management was especially high in patients with a BMI >30 kg/m2 (25%) and in patients with oligohydramnios (38%). In five cases in category III, false-positive ultrasound findings were identified.ConclusionsMRI in the second trimester complements ultrasound and improves diagnosis of fetal CNS- and non-CNS anomalies especially when oligohydramnios or maternal obesity is present.
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13. |
- Dumitrescu, Bogdan, et al.
(författare)
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Sängläge vid tidig vattenavgång : enligt evidens eller gammal vana?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bed rest is often prescribed as part of the treatment plan for women with preterm premature rupture of membranes in the hope of avoiding premature birth. The purpose of this study was to determine the routine care of these patients in Swedish hospitals.A survey was sent to all hospitals in Sweden with an obstetrics department (n=45). Out of these, 31 answered our survey (69 %). The women were separated into three groups depending on gestation length (22+0-26+6, 27+0-32+6 and 33+0-36+6).Most hospitals chose to admit the women and to recommend total or partial bed rest. The earlier in the pregnancy the rupture occurred, the more likely the patient was to be confined to total bed rest.The study shows that this topic is controversial. Most hospitals use bed rest even though there is no evidence to support that it is of benefit for the patient. More studies in this area are required in order to find an optimal treatment for this patient group.
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14. |
- Granfors, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Placental location and risk of retained placenta in women with a previous cesarean section : A population-based cohort study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 99:12, s. 1666-1673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Some studies have shown that women with a previous cesarean section, compared with women with a previous vaginal delivery, have an increased risk of retained placenta during a subsequent vaginal delivery. It is unknown whether this is mediated by anterior placental location, when the placenta might cover the uterine scar. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the increased risk of retained placenta in women with a previous cesarean section is mediated by anterior placental location.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study, with data from the regional population-based Stockholm-Gotland Obstetric Cohort, Sweden, from 2008 to 2014. The overall study population included 49 598 women with a vaginal second delivery, where adequate information about placental location from the second-trimester ultrasound scan was available. For the main analysis, including the 3921 women with a previous cesarean section, we calculated the relative risk of retained placenta in women with an anterior placental location, using women with non-anterior placental locations as reference. Relative risks were calculated as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI. In a second model, adjustments were made for maternal age, height, country of birth, smoking in early pregnancy, infant sex, and in vitro fertilization.RESULTS: In the overall study population, the rate of retained placenta at the second delivery was 2.0%. The proportion of women with a retained placenta was higher among women with a previous cesarean compared with those with a previous vaginal delivery (3.4% vs 1.9%; P < .0001). In the main analysis, including women with a previous cesarean section, the risk for retained placenta was not increased with anterior compared with non-anterior placental location (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.60-1.20). Adjustments did not affect the estimates in a significant way.CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of retained placenta in women with a previous cesarean section is not mediated by anterior placental location.
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15. |
- Gremark, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Urogenital Ureaplasma gav invasiv infektion hos immunsupprimerad : [Urogenital Ureaplasma urealyticum can cause invasive infection in immunosuppressed patients]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) is a bacterium without a cell wall, which makes it difficult to culture. Uu colonizes the lower genitourinary tract and is transmitted through sexual contact. The presence of Uu is higher in persons with immunosuppressive disease or treatment. Moreover, these persons are at increased risk of developing invasive Uu infections. We present a case concerning a 47-year-old female with multiple sclerosis treated with Rituximab. She first presented with a urinary tract infection and bartholinitis. Despite treatment with antibiotics and surgical procedures, the infection disseminated and led to intra-abdominal abscesses and empyema. Repeated cultures were negative, which prolonged the time to diagnosis and accurate treatment. Uu was detected with 16S rRNA PCR assays during the course of the disease but was interpreted as non-pathogenic Finally, Uu was suspected as the causing agent, treatment with doxycycline was initiated, and the patient recovered after nine months of disease.
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16. |
- Hellkvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging vs autopsy of second trimester fetuses terminated due to anomalies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 98:7, s. 865-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to investigate the accuracy of postmortem fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to fetal autopsy in second trimester pregnancies terminated due to fetal anomalies. A secondary aim was to compare the MRI evaluations of two senior radiologists.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective study including 34 fetuses from pregnancies terminated in the second trimester due to fetal anomalies. All women accepted a postmortem MRI and an autopsy of the fetus. Two senior radiologists performed independent evaluations of the MRI images. A senior pathologist performed the fetal autopsies. The degree of concordance between the MRI evaluations and the autopsy reports was estimated as well as the consensus between the radiologists.RESULTS: Thirty-four fetuses were evaluated. Sixteen cases were associated with the central nervous system (CNS), five musculoskeletal, one cardiovascular, one urinary tract, and 11 cases had miscellaneous anomalies such as chromosomal aberrations, infections, and syndromes. In the 16 cases related to the CNS, both radiologists reported all or some, including the most clinically significant anomalies in 15 (94%; CI 70-100%) cases. In the 18 non-CNS cases, both radiologists reported all or some, including the most clinically significant anomalies in six (33%; CI 5-85%) cases. In 21 cases (62%; CI 44-78%) cases, both radiologists held opinions that were consistent with the autopsy reports. The degree of agreement between the radiologists was high, with a Cohen's Kappa of 0.87.CONCLUSIONS: Postmortem fetal MRI can replace autopsy for second trimester fetuses with CNS anomalies. For non-CNS anomalies, the concordance is lower but postmortem MRI can still be of value when autopsy is not an option.
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17. |
- Hovén, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual dysfunction in young adult survivors of childhood cancer : A population-based study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 154, s. 147-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and to identify the factors associated with sexual dysfunction in young adult childhood cancer survivors.METHODS: All survivors of childhood cancer (aged 19-40 years) in Sweden were invited to this population-based study, and 2546 men and women (59%) participated. Sexual function was examined with the PROMIS Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measure. Logistic regression was used to assess the differences between survivors and a general population sample (n = 819) and to identify the factors associated with sexual dysfunction in survivors.RESULTS: Sexual dysfunction in at least one domain was reported by 57% of female and 35% of male survivors. Among females, dysfunction was most common for Sexual interest (36%), Orgasm - ability (32%) and Vulvar discomfort - labial (19%). Among males, dysfunction was most common for the domains satisfaction with sex life (20%), Sexual interest (14%) and Erectile function (9%). Compared with the general population, male survivors more frequently reported sexual dysfunction in ≥2 domains (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.03-2.71), with an increased likelihood of dysfunction regarding Orgasm - ability (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.01-3.28) and Erectile function (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.18-4.49). Female survivors reported more dysfunction regarding Orgasm - pleasure (9% versus 5%, OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.11-3.13). A more intensive cancer treatment, emotional distress and body image disturbance were associated with sexual dysfunction in survivors.CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the need for routine assessment of sexual health in follow-up care of childhood cancer survivors and highlight that those treated with more intensive cancer treatment and who experience concurrent psychological concerns may benefit from targeted screening and interventions.
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18. |
- Kallak, Theodora Kunovac, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal and female fetal testosterone levels are associated with maternal age and gestational weight gain
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 177:4, s. 379-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Prenatal androgen exposure has been suggested to play a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. Given the limited information on what maternal characteristics influence maternal testosterone levels, and the even less explored routes by which female fetus androgen exposure would occur, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maternal age, BMI, weight gain, depressed mood and aromatase SNPs on testosterone levels in maternal serum and amniotic fluid of female fetuses.METHODS: Blood samples from pregnant women (n = 216) obtained in gestational weeks 35-39, and pre-labor amniotic fluid samples from female fetuses (n = 56), taken at planned Caesarean section or in conjunction with amniotomy for induction of labor, were analyzed. Maternal serum testosterone and amniotic fluid testosterone and cortisol were measured by tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTS: Multiparity (β = -0.28, P < 0.001), self-rated depression (β = 0.26, P < 0.001) and weight gain (β = 0.18, P < 0.05) were independent explanatory factors for the maternal total testosterone levels. Maternal age (β = -0.34, P < 0.001), weight gain (β = 0.19, P < 0.05) and amniotic fluid cortisol levels (β = 0.44, P < 0.001) were independent explanatory factors of amniotic fluid testosterone in female fetuses, explaining 64.3% of the variability in amniotic fluid testosterone.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Young maternal age and excessive maternal weight gain may increase the prenatal androgen exposure of female fetuses. Further studies are needed to explore this finding.
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19. |
- Larsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) during normal pregnancy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 29:2, s. 129-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is the main binder of IGFs in secretory endometrium and decidualized stromal endometrial cells and IGFBP-1 has been shown to modulate IGF bioactivities and influence fetal growth. To be able to evaluate IGFBP-1 values during pregnancy it is important to establish normal values in pregnant women.Materials & Methods:We have studied IGFBP-1 concentrations in maternal plasma from 52 healthy women with normal singleton pregnancies. Several plasma samples were collected from each woman and the samples were grouped according to gestational age into the following periods: week 7-17; week 17-24; week 24-28; week 28-31; week 31-34; week 34-38; -2 to 0 weeks prior to delivery and postpartum (>6 weeks after delivery).Results:The 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles for IGFBP-1 were calculated according to the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry on the statistical treatment of reference values.Conclusions:IGFBP-1 is increased during pregnancy compared to postpartum. Two peaks, at week 17-24 and just before delivery, were observed.
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20. |
- Lindström, Linda, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy and precision of sonographic fetal weight estimation in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 102:6, s. 699-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Fetal growth assessment by ultrasound is an essential part of modern obstetric care. The formula by Persson and Weldner for estimated fetal weight (EFW), used in Sweden since decades, has not yet been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate accuracy and precision of the formula by Persson and Weldner, and to compare it to two other formulae using biparietal diameter instead of head circumference.Material and methods: The study population consisted of 31 521 singleton pregnancies delivered at 22+0 gestational weeks or later, with an ultrasound EFW performed within 2 days before delivery, registered in the Swedish Pregnancy Register between 2014 and 2021. Fetal biometric ultrasound measurements were used to calculate EFW according to the formulae by Persson and Weldner, Hadlock 2 and Shepard. Bland–Altman analysis, systematic error (mean percentage error), random error (standard deviation [SD] of mean percentage error), proportion of weight estimates within ±10% of birthweight, and proportion with underestimated and overestimated weight was calculated. Moreover, calculations were made after stratification into small, appropriate, and large for gestational age (SGA, AGA and LGA), respectively, and gestational age at examination.Results: For the formula by Persson and Weldner, MPE was −2.7 (SD 8.9) and the proportion of EFW within ±10% from actual birthweight was 76.0%. MPE was largest for fetuses estimated as severe SGA (<3rd percentile, −5.4) and for the most preterm fetuses (<24 weeks, −5.4). For Hadlock 2 and Shepard's formulae, MPE were 3.9 (SD 8.9) and 3.4 (SD 9.7), respectively, and the proportions of EFW within ±10% from actual birthweight were 69.4% and 67.1%, respectively. MPE was largest for fetuses estimated as severe LGA (>97th percentile), 7.6 and 9.4, respectively.Conclusions: The recommended Swedish formula by Persson and Weldner is generally accurate for fetal weight estimation. The systematic underestimation of EFW and random error is largest in extreme preterm and estimated SGA-fetuses, which is of importance in clinical decision making. The accuracy of EFW with the formula by Persson and Weldner is as good as or better than Hadlock 2 and Shepard's formulae.
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21. |
- Lindström, Linda, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish intrauterine growth reference ranges for estimated fetal weight
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fetal growth restriction is a strong risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Reliable standards are indispensable, both to assess fetal growth and to evaluate birthweight and early postnatal growth in infants born preterm. The aim of this study was to create updated Swedish reference ranges for estimated fetal weight (EFW) from gestational week 12–42. This prospective longitudinal multicentre study included 583 women without known conditions causing aberrant fetal growth. Each woman was assigned a randomly selected protocol of five ultrasound scans from gestational week 12 + 3 to 41 + 6. Hadlock’s 3rd formula was used to estimate fetal weight. A two-level hierarchical regression model was employed to calculate the expected median and variance, expressed in standard deviations and percentiles, for EFW. EFW was higher for males than females. The reference ranges were compared with the presently used Swedish, and international reference ranges. Our reference ranges had higher EFW than the presently used Swedish reference ranges from gestational week 33, and higher median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles from gestational week 24 compared with INTERGROWTH-21st. The new reference ranges can be used both for assessment of intrauterine fetal weight and growth, and early postnatal growth in children born preterm. © 2021, The Author(s).
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22. |
- Lindström, Linda, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish intrauterine growth reference ranges of biometric measurements of fetal head, abdomen and femur
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - BERLIN, GERMANY : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrasonic assessment of fetal growth is an important part of obstetric care to prevent adverse pregnancy outcome. However, lack of reliable reference ranges is a major barrier for accurate interpretation of the examinations. The aim of this study was to create updated Swedish national reference ranges for intrauterine size and growth of the fetal head, abdomen and femur from gestational week 12 to 42. This prospective longitudinal multicentre study included 583 healthy pregnant women with low risk of aberrant fetal growth. Each woman was examined up to five times with ultrasound from gestational week 12+3 to 41+6. The assessed intrauterine fetal biometric measurements were biparietal diameter (outer-inner), head circumference, mean abdominal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length. A two-level hierarchical regression model was employed to account for the individual measurements of the fetus and the number of repeated visits for measurements while accounting for the random effect of the identified parameterization of gestational age. The expected median and variance, expressed in both standard deviations and percentiles, for each individual biometric measurement was calculated. The presented national reference ranges can be used for assessment of intrauterine size and growth of the fetal head, abdomen and femur in the second and third trimester of pregnancy.
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23. |
- Mulic-Lutvica, Ajlana, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Labor and puerperium
- 1998. - 1
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Ingår i: Textbook of Perinatal Medicine. - London : Parthenon Pub. Group. - 1850709300 - 9781850709305 - 1850709203 - 9781850709206 ; , s. 386-400
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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24. |
- Pétursdóttir Maack, Heiðrún, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy in metabolic healthy and unhealthy obese women
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 99:12, s. 1640-1648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Obesity-associated adverse obstetric outcomes are well-known but still relatively rare and difficult to predict. Not all obese individuals are unhealthy, some have metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and others have metabolic unhealthy obesity (MUO). Our aim was to investigate if the MHO and MUO classification could be used for prediction of obesity-associated complications in pregnancy.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 547 pregnant women with obesity, 2302 pregnant women with overweight, and 5852 normal weight pregnant women. The women with obesity were classified as MUO (n = 181, 33.1%) and MHO (n = 366, 66.9%) based on first trimester blood pressure, lipoprotein levels and non-fasting glucose levels. The risk of obstetric outcomes was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. We compared cardiovascular risk markers in blood between obese pregnant women with MUO and MHO.RESULTS: Overall, 45.9% of women with MUO developed at least one adverse obesity-associated obstetric outcome, whereas corresponding proportions in women with MHO, overweight and normal weight were 35.0%, 27.6% and 21.2%, respectively. Following adjustment, the overall risk of at least one obesity-associated obstetric or perinatal complication in women with MUO, versus women with MHO, was increased, AOR 1.49 (95% CI 1.03 - 2.15), but the predictive value of the model was low. Women with MUO had altered levels of cardiovascular risk markers such as cathepsin S, adiponectin, and cystatin C in comparison to women with MHO.CONCLUSIONS: Women with MUO had an overall increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes in comparison to women with MHO, but the classification had little relevance for risk prediction beyond that of body mass index.
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25. |
- Shabana, Hana, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal findings and postnatal follow-up of a midline dural sinus malformation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dural sinus malformation is a rare condition. We describe a prenatally detected case followed by repeated ultrasound scans and a prenatal magnetic resonance imaging examination. A substantial spontaneous regression was observed, which is associated with a favorable outcome. We believe that our observations, including a long postnatal follow-up, will add to the present knowledge of prenatally detected cases, and thus improve management of the pregnancies as well as our possibilities to counsel the parents-to-be.
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26. |
- Sohlberg, Sara, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo(31)P-MR spectroscopy in normal pregnancy, early and late preeclampsia : A study of placental metabolism
- 2014
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Ingår i: Placenta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4004 .- 1532-3102. ; 35:5, s. 318-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia affects about 3% of pregnancies and the placenta is believed to play a major role in its pathophysiology. Lately, the role of the placenta has been hypothesised to be more pronounced in preeclampsia of early (<34 weeks) rather than late (≥34 weeks) onset. (31)P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) enables non-invasive, in vivo studies of placental metabolism. Our aim was to study placental energy and membrane metabolism in women with normal pregnancies and those with early and late onset preeclampsia.METHODS: The study population included fourteen women with preeclampsia (five with early onset and nine with late onset preeclampsia) and sixteen women with normal pregnancy (seven with early and nine with late pregnancy). All women underwent a (31)P-MRS examination of the placenta.RESULTS: The phosphodiester (PDE) spectral intensity fraction of the total (31)P signal and the phosphodiester/phosphomonoester (PDE/PME) spectral intensity ratio was higher in early onset preeclampsia than in early normal pregnancy (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). In normal pregnancy the PDE spectral intensity fraction and the PDE/PME spectral intensity ratio increased with increasing gestational age (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001).DISCUSSION: Since PDE and PME are related to cell membrane degradation and formation, respectively, our findings indicate increased cell degradation and maybe also decreased cell proliferation in early onset preeclampsia compared to early normal pregnancy, and with increasing gestational age in normal pregnancy.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings could be explained by increased apoptosis due to ischaemia in early onset preeclampsia and also increased apoptosis with increasing gestational age in normal pregnancy.
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27. |
- Sohlberg, Sara, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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MRI estimated placental perfusion in fetal growth assessment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 46:6, s. 700-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate placental perfusion fraction estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo as a marker of placental function.MethodsThe study population included 35 pregnant women, of whom 13 had preeclampsia, examined at gestational weeks 22 to 40. Each woman underwent, within a 24 hour period: a MRI diffusion-weighted sequence (from which we calculated the placental perfusion fraction); venous blood sampling; and an ultrasound examination including estimation of fetal weight, amniotic fluid index and Doppler velocity measurements. We compared the perfusion fraction in pregnancies with and without fetal growth restriction and estimated correlations between the perfusion fraction and ultrasound estimates and plasma markers with linear regression. The associations between the placental perfusion fraction and ultrasound estimates were modified by the presence of preeclampsia (p < 0.05) and therefore we included an interaction term between preeclampsia and the covariates in the models.ResultsThe median placental perfusion fraction in pregnancies with and without fetal growth restriction was 21% and 32%, respectively (p = 0.005). The correlations between the placental perfusion fraction and ultrasound estimates and plasma markers were highly significant (p-values 0.002 to 0.0001). The highest coefficient of determination (R2= 0.56) for placental perfusion fraction was found for a model including pulsatility index in ductus venosus, plasma level of sFlt1, estimated fetal weight and presence of preeclampsia.ConclusionThe placental perfusion fraction has potential to contribute to the clinical assessment in cases of placental insufficiency.
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28. |
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29. |
- Ternby, Ellen, 1987-
(författare)
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Information prior to prenatal diagnosis : Knowledge, informational needs and decision-making
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to explore different aspects of information relevant to decision-making regarding prenatal diagnosis (PND) for chromosomal anomalies (CA). In Papers I–II, women and partners undergoing combined ultrasound and biochemistry (CUB) tests, invasive tests or declining PND for CAs answered a questionnaire. Overall, expectant parents had varying to low levels of knowledge about Down syndrome (DS), with few differences between women and partners, or between those accepting or declining PND. Thus, knowledge at these levels does not seem to influence the decision to accept or decline PND. Some seem to regard CUB as a routine test.Paper III explored midwives' perspectives with a questionnaire. The majority believed they had not received sufficient education about PND, and few felt knowledgeable enough to provide information about DS. Most midwives desired more education regarding tests and DS. Actual knowledge levels concerning DS varied, and in some cases, were low.Paper IV explored the factors influencing decisions concerning PND through interviews with pregnant women. The decision-making process is affected by individual factors (i.e. attitude towards anomalies, worry and need for reassurance, and self-perceived risk) and external factors (i.e. test characteristics and influence from others). The quality of life for an affected individual and the impact on the family is important for some women when making decisions about PND. Healthcare professionals can influence women’s decisions through their attitudes, how they present the tests, and the woman’s individual probability of CAs.Paper V used Q methodology to explore women’s views on what is important when receiving information about PND. Some women prefer receiving information gradually, while others prefer comprehensive information early in pregnancy. Some value information about the conditions tested for early in the process. The extent to which women wanted to involve their partner in the decision-making process varied. None preferred group information sessions.In conclusion, providing information and pre-test counselling to pregnant women is a complex task. There is room for improvement in the information provided to expectant parents, and in the education provided to midwives related to PND and DS. Women’s decisions regarding PND are influenced by both individual and external factors. Information about test characteristics and conditions tested for could be helpful for pregnant women when they make decisions. Healthcare professionals’ approach can influence women’s decisions. Women have varying informational needs, making individual and non-directive pre-test counselling with a competent healthcare professional essential to facilitate informed decision-making.
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30. |
- Ternby, Ellen, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Midwives and information on prenatal testing with focus on Down syndrome
- 2015
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Ingår i: Prenatal Diagnosis. - : Wiley. - 0197-3851 .- 1097-0223. ; 35:12, s. 1202-1207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate midwives' knowledge of prenatal diagnosis especially Down syndrome, information given by midwives to parents, expectant parents' requests for information and how midwives perceive their own competence to give information.METHOD: A cross-sectional, prospective study with a questionnaire was completed by 64 out of 70 midwives working in the outpatient antenatal care in Uppsala County, Sweden.RESULTS: The midwives had varying and in some areas low levels of knowledge about Down syndrome. Information about Down syndrome was most often given only when asked for or when there was an increased probability of a Down syndrome pregnancy. The most common questions from expectant parents concerned test methods and risk assessments while questions regarding symptoms of Down syndrome and consequences of having a child with Down syndrome were uncommon. The majority (83-89%) had insufficient or no education regarding different prenatal tests. Only 2 midwives (3%) had received education about Down syndrome and 10% felt they had sufficient knowledge to inform about the syndrome. More education about prenatal tests and Down syndrome was desired by 94%.CONCLUSION: It is important to ensure that midwives in antenatal care have sufficient knowledge to inform expectant parents about the conditions screened for.
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31. |
- Ternby, Ellen, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnant women's informational needs prior to decisions about prenatal diagnosis for chromosomal anomalies : A Q methodological study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Prenatal Diagnosis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0197-3851 .- 1097-0223.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo study pregnant women's subjective viewpoints on what is important when receiving information prior to decision-making regarding prenatal testing for chromosomal anomalies.MethodData were collected using Q methodology. During January 2020—October 2021, 45 pregnant women in Sweden completed a 50-item Q sort. Statements regarding what is important when receiving information about prenatal screening and diagnosis were prioritized through ranking in a fixed sorting grid on an 11-point scale, from “most important” to “least important.” Socio-demographics and coping styles were surveyed through questionnaires.ResultsThree groups represented different viewpoints on what pregnant women consider important when receiving information about prenatal screening and diagnosis. Factor 1: Stepwise information and decision-making: viewing information and decision-making as a step-by-step process. Factor 2: Decision-making as a continuous process based on couple autonomy: Striving for an informed decision as a couple about tests, test results and conditions screened. Factor 3: As much information as early as possible—the importance of personal autonomy in decision-making: Prioritizing autonomous decision-making based on non-directive information early in the pregnancy.ConclusionThis study highlights the complexities involved when providing information. As shown by the differing viewpoints in this study, pregnant women's informational needs differ, making individual and personalized information preferable.
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32. |
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33. |
- Ternby, Ellen, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Why do pregnant women accept or decline prenatal diagnosis for Down syndrome?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of community genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1868-310X .- 1868-6001. ; 7:3, s. 237-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate if actual knowledge of Down syndrome (DS), influences the decision to accept or decline prenatal diagnosis (PND). Secondary aims were to elucidate reasons for accepting or declining PND and investigate differences between the accepting and declining group in perceived information, knowing someone with DS and thoughts about decision-making. A questionnaire was completed by 76 pregnant women who underwent invasive testing and 65 women who declined tests for chromosomal aberrations in Uppsala, Sweden. Apart from one question no significant differences were found in knowledge of DS between women declining or accepting PND for DS. Both groups had varying and in several respects low levels of knowledge about DS and its consequences. Most common reasons to accept PND were 'to ease my worries' and 'to do all possible tests to make sure the baby is healthy'. Corresponding statements declining PND were 'termination of pregnancy is not an option' and 'because invasive tests increase the risk of miscarriage'. More women declining PND knew someone with DS. Knowledge of DS at these levels is not a major factor when women decide to accept or decline PND for DS. Their choice is mostly based on opinions and moral values.
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34. |
- Valdimarsdottir, Ragnheidur, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy and neonatal complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to second-trimester anti-Müllerian hormone levels
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - : Elsevier. - 1472-6483 .- 1472-6491. ; 39:1, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research Question: An association has been found between high anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels during pregnancy and the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like phenotypic traits in mouse offspring. The aim of this study was to determine whether AMH levels are associated with maternal testosterone levels, and whether high AMH concentration influences the risk of developing PCOS-related adverse pregnancy outcomes.Design: Maternal serum AMH, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels were measured in blood samples taken in early second-trimester pregnancies from women with PCOS (n = 159) and healthy controls matched for body mass index (n = 320). Possible associations with preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm birth and birthweight was explored by logistic and linear regression models.Results: Women with PCOS had higher AMH, higher total testosterone levels and higher free androgen index than controls (P < 0.001 for all three parameters). Among women with PCOS, high testosterone levels (B = 2.7; β = 0.26; P = 0.001) and low first trimester body mass index (B = -0.5; β = -0.17; P = 0.043) remained independently associated with AMH. High AMH levels were associated with decreased risk of gestational hypertension (adjusted OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.87), but no association was found with other adverse pregnancy outcomes or birthweight.Conclusions: Women with PCOS had higher AMH levels during pregnancy compared with controls, but high AMH was not associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes or birthweight.
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35. |
- Valdimarsdottir, Ragnheidur, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to second-trimester testosterone levels
- 2021
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Ingår i: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - : Elsevier BV. - 1472-6483 .- 1472-6491. ; 42:1, s. 217-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RESEARCH QUESTION: Do women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have higher testosterone levels during pregnancy and what role does high testosterone play in the development of obstetric complications?DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study from Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. The study population consisted of women with PCOS (n = 159) and a comparison group of women without PCOS matched for body mass index (n = 320). Plasma testosterone levels were measured in the early second trimester by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and women with PCOS were grouped into tertiles according to their testosterone levels. Possible associations with obstetric complications, maternal metabolic factors and offspring birth weight were explored by multivariable logistic and linear regression models.RESULTS: Compared with women who do not have PCOS, women with PCOS had higher total testosterone (median 1.94, interquartile range [IQR] 1.21-2.64 versus 1.41, IQR 0.89-1.97; P < 0.001), and free androgen index (median 0.25, IQR 0.15-0.36 versus 0.18, IQR 0.11-0.28; P < 0.001). Women with PCOS who had the highest levels of testosterone had increased risk for preeclampsia, even when adjusted for age, parity, country of birth and smoking (adjusted OR 6.16, 95% CI 1.82 to 20.91). No association was found between high testosterone in women with PCOS and other obstetric complications.CONCLUSIONS: Women with PCOS have higher levels of total testosterone and free androgen index during pregnancy than women without PCOS matched for body mass index. Preliminary evidence shows that women with PCOS and the highest maternal testosterone levels in early second trimester had the highest risk of developing preeclampsia. This finding, however, is driven by a limited number of cases and should be interpreted with caution.
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36. |
- Åhman, Annika, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasonographic fetal soft markers in a low-risk population : prevalence, association with trisomies and invasive tests
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 93:4, s. 367-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of soft markers identified at second trimester ultrasound in a low-risk population and the association of these markers with trisomies and invasive testing.DesignProspective observational study.SettingSwedish University Hospital.PopulationAll women with fetuses examined by ultrasound at 15+0–22+0 weeks gestation between July 2008 and March 2011.MethodsCases with soft markers were compared with non-cases with regard to trisomies and invasive testing.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of soft markers, likelihood ratio for trisomies and risk ratio for invasive tests after detection of soft markers.ResultsSecond trimester ultrasound was performed on 10 710 fetuses. Markers were detected in 5.9% of fetuses. 5.1% were isolated, 0.7% were multiple and 0.1% were combined with an anomaly. Presence of markers showed a positive likelihood ratio for Down syndrome, but the association (likelihood ratio = 7.1) was only statistically significant for the combined category of any marker (isolated, multiple or combined with anomaly). The risk ratio for invasive testing after the second trimester ultrasound was 24.0 in pregnancies with isolated soft markers compared with those without markers.ConclusionIn a low-risk population, soft markers were found in 5.9% of fetuses at second trimester ultrasound. The likelihood ratio for Down syndrome was significant only for any marker (isolated, multiple or combined with anomaly). The presence of soft markers increased the incidence of invasive procedures substantially. Soft markers should be noted when information on second trimester ultrasound is formulated, and all units performing fetal ultrasound examinations should have established routines concerning information management when soft markers are identified.
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