| 1. |
- Kaptoge, S., et al.
(författare)
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World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Global Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-109X. ; 7:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. Methods In this model revision initiative, we derived 10-year risk prediction models for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (ie, myocardial infarction and stroke) using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Models included information on age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol. For derivation, we included participants aged 40-80 years without a known baseline history of cardiovascular disease, who were followed up until the first myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, or stroke event. We recalibrated models using age-specific and sex-specific incidences and risk factor values available from 21 global regions. For external validation, we analysed individual participant data from studies distinct from those used in model derivation. We illustrated models by analysing data on a further 123 743 individuals from surveys in 79 countries collected with the WHO STEPwise Approach to Surveillance. Findings Our risk model derivation involved 376 177 individuals from 85 cohorts, and 19 333 incident cardiovascular events recorded during 10 years of follow-up. The derived risk prediction models discriminated well in external validation cohorts (19 cohorts, 1 096 061 individuals, 25 950 cardiovascular disease events), with Harrell's C indices ranging from 0.685 (95% CI 0 . 629-0 741) to 0.833 (0 . 783-0- 882). For a given risk factor profile, we found substantial variation across global regions in the estimated 10-year predicted risk. For example, estimated cardiovascular disease risk for a 60-year-old male smoker without diabetes and with systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg and total cholesterol of 5 mmol/L ranged from 11% in Andean Latin America to 30% in central Asia. When applied to data from 79 countries (mostly low-income and middle-income countries), the proportion of individuals aged 40-64 years estimated to be at greater than 20% risk ranged from less than 1% in Uganda to more than 16% in Egypt. Interpretation We have derived, calibrated, and validated new WHO risk prediction models to estimate cardiovascular disease risk in 21 Global Burden of Disease regions. The widespread use of these models could enhance the accuracy, practicability, and sustainability of efforts to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 2. |
- Chen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance of integrated active safety systems in China
- 2015
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Ingår i: Communications in Computer and Information Science. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-0937 .- 1865-0929. ; 529, s. 533-538
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Yearly almost 60,000 people are killed in traffic accidents in China due to the rapid growth of the number of vehicles and bad driving habits. There is a need to increase safety and cars are being equipped with new active safety technology known as Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS), which can help driver by warning before accidents occur. A simulator study with 16 participants was carried out at a driving simulator, which equipped with an integrated visual interface prototype developed by Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. The interface presents information visually to the driver before any critical situation with help from three Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Curve Speed Warning (CSW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW). Questionnaires and open-ended interviews were held to subjectively measure the participants’ attitude toward the sound warnings and visual interface. Questionnaire results showed that most participants thought the sound warning could facilitate their driving while most users’ attitude towards the visual display warning were comparatively neutral. In order to better understand how ADAS technology can be designed to suite Chinese drivers, their behaviors and preferences. There is more work need to do.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ardavan, M., et al.
(författare)
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Listen! Somebody is walking towards your car (Introducing the awareness-3D sound system into the driver to increase the pedestrian's safety)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783642217074 ; 6770:PART 2, s. 89-98
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Car accident statistics indicate that the pedestrians are the majority of the road traffic victims due to drivers' lack of adequate visibility on the road. In this paper, the effects of human natural sounds in drivers' awareness were investigated in order to increase pedestrian safety by carrying out a study on introducing a 3D sound system into drivers. All studies with collected results showed strong positive support to the design of using 3D sound system to present the pedestrians' situation to car drivers.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963
(författare)
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Designing multimodal communication systems for fire-fighters
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Nordic Conference on Multimodal Communication 2005, April 7-8, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The information presentation and communication between the rescue members (fire-fighters) in accident field and to the control centre is crucial for the successful of the rescue performance. Present information and communication system for the fire-fighters are, by their own words, in the level of stone age. Basically, there is no any external visual information available for the rescue members in accident place. It is needed to redesign of their communication system so to support their rescue work. This report presents a multimodal interaction design of the portable information communication system for firefighters using in the rescue field. The user-centered design process is applied. It started by site visit and interview with the rescue members to identify the design requirements and present system problems. Based on the requirements study, the multimodal interaction communication system is proposed to the experienced firefighters. After using the cognitive walkthrough methods with the experienced firefighters, a prototype of the design will be tested by the firefighters. Many research questions regarding the multimodal interaction design are rising up. This project is still in the early stage of its process. Here we will report the structure of the prototype and the possible research questions.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of noise on automatic speech recognition system error rate
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting July 2000. - : SAGE Publications. - 2169-5067 .- 1071-1813. ; 44:37, s. 606-609
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have indicted that stress and workload can effect the recognition accuracy of the speech recognition system. This can include noise, vibration, G-force, information overload, vocal quality in noise, vocal quality and psychological stress, concurrent task performance and vocal fatigue. The commercially available speech recognition system has not yet reached the perfect design to recognize natural human speech. The military application of automatic speech recognition systems has been studied in a wide arrangement. Verbex’ Voice Master was recommended in its instruction book as especially suited well for use in a noisy environment. This system was selected as a candidate system for use in cockpits. Before implementing it in the cockpit, its strengths and weaknesses for special utterances need to be tested in a laboratory environment. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of noise on recognition accuracy in dual-task performance. The experiment was carried out in a noise-insulated room. The Verbex’ Voice Master speech recognition system was installed into the computer. Eleven male Swedish students were the subjects. Two noise levels were set up with a combination of mental workload and physical workload. The results showed that without noise and mental workload, the recognition accuracy could be as good as 99.4%. With noise and mental workload, the recognition accuracy could be reduced to 95%. The results indicated that noise had significant effects on the computer error while mental workload had significant effects on both subject error and computer error.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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HMI for integrated infotainment functions in nomadic devices - How can we make the driver more safe
- 2009
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Ingår i: 16th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems and Services, ITS 2009; Stockholm; Sweden; 21 September 2009 through 25 September 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a well-known fact that nomadic devices usage while driving can cause driver distraction that might lead to accidents. A proposed solution to increase safety might be an integrated in-vehicle gateway. There is a need to understand how integrated in-vehicle interface solutions are feasible to solve possible integration problems. Cooperation between stake-holders is needed to satisfy the end-users. In this report, we present the feasibility study and two laboratory studies. The feasibility study shows that there are positive attitudes towards integrated solutions. Two laboratory studies with simulator confirmed the safety advantages with integrated interface compared to nomadic device use while driving. The integrated interface design should focus on usability to reduce interaction complexity to support easier interaction and safer driving. However, the negative effects of distraction caused by performing the secondary task cannot be completely reduced. Therefore a Zonal adaptive management workload system is proposed that focus on driver performance factors as well as external traffic situations to have better predictive effects.
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| 16. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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How shall we design the future vehicle for Chinese market
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815. ; 41:Supplement: 1, s. 4265-4272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface transportation system is developing very fast in China and the number of vehicles is increasing quickly as well. This development creates a lot of problems on traffic safety and the number of accident is also increasing. In this paper, we made deep analysis of different possible causes of safety problems through three aspects: the traffic environment and infrastructure, in-vehicle information system design and the characteristics of drivers. There are many factors in each aspects may contribute to the transportation safety problems. Problems with infrastructure design and traffic design contribute over 50% of the traffic accident. Another important factor is that people has very little traffic safety concept and very weak on understanding the important of right behavior on the road. This paper has pointed the urgent needs to study the human factors in road and transportation system and vehicle HMI design, as there are very few such studies available in literature based on Chinese situation. The paper also proposed the needs to develop proactive educational system that can promote driver's understanding of traffic safety and to take the right action during drive.
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| 17. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Letting Drivers Know What is Going on in Traffic
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Vehicles. - 9780123971999 ; , s. 291-318
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are many different Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) that have been developed and are currently under development. Some of them are already on the market. These systems can be categorized into information/warning, active assistance/semi-automation, and full/high automation. The bottleneck of ADAS technology's application in vehicles is the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) design. In the present situation, the information from ADAS is normally presented by warning signals to the driver on potentially hazardous situations in traffic. In general, a warning signal is regarded as an unpleasant stimulation. If we take the time perspective from a normal drive to crash into consideration, we can divide the drive into three phases: normal drive in comfort zone, pre-crash in safety zone, and automation when the driver loses control. Warning design has many negative issues, such as the time issue, the modality issue, information transparency, and the false alarm issue. The idealistic way to assist drivers is to enhance their traffic situation awareness so they can always keep their driving in a comfort zone, and to support them with the right information, so that they can predict upcoming events in traffic, prepare for unpredictable occurrences, and take appropriate action if necessary. From warning design to letting the driver know what is going on in traffic, the HMI design needs to meet dynamic requirements for drivers in different traffic situations. These challenges are very different from warning designs. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963
(författare)
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Managing the telematics use during drive: What does driver wants? A cross countries study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ergonomics for All: Celebrating PPCOE's 20 Years of Excellence - Selected Papers of the Pan-Pacific Conference on Ergonomics, PPCOE 2010 (9th Pan-Pacific Conference on Ergonomics, PPCOE 2010; Kaohsiung; 7-10 November 2010;). - 9780415586085 ; , s. 627-631
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a well-known knowledge that telematics use during drive can cause driver distraction and hence cause the accidents. Researchers and automotive manufactures developed a concept called "workload manager". It is intended to alert or control the use of telematics equipment during drive. But there is no general agreement and acceptance of how to do the control. The present study was focused on "what the driver wants" when regarding the tread-off balance between telematic use and drive safety, and specially focused on culture differences. It based on interview studies of the drivers from China and Sweden. The result showed very big culture differences. Further research work is needed in this area.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963
(författare)
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Special Issue on HMI and Autonomous Driving
- 2020
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Ingår i: Automotive Innovation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2522-8765 .- 2096-4250. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963
(författare)
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Speech interaction system – how to increase its usability
- 2004
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Ingår i: The 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Interspeech 2004, ICSL. Jeju Island, Korea.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discussed different issues related to the usability of speech interaction system. It includes the usability concept, different design approaches, design process and evaluation questions for speech interaction system. Usability is a very fuzzy concept, especially when it related to the speech interaction system: it is hard to measure and it is very much context dependent. The traditional user-centered design approach may not be suitable for the speech interaction system design since the users might not have enough knowledge to see what the technology can do. Usage-centered design may be the better method but there is not comprehensive theory and methodology for the design process and evaluation.
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| 25. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Speech technology: Theory and applications
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, spoken language research has successfully developed several practical applications, as well as brought forward advanced novel topics to investigate further. Speech Technology: Theory and Applications collects interesting research and development results and provides an overview of selected challenges still to be resolved. The book is organized along two main themes: research on enabling technology and applications that exemplify the use of this technology. Each chapter is an independent review of a specific topic, covering research problems and possible solutions. The basic technology development covers areas such as automatic speech recognition and speech synthesis, spoken dialogue systems and dialogue modeling, expressive speech synthesis, emotions and affective computing, multimodal communication and animated agents. The applications include speech translation, in-car, space, and military applications as well as those for special user groups. Discussion of general evaluation methodologies is also included. Speech Technology: Theory and Applications should be a useful reference for researchers, engineers and students in the field of speech technology.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The future of advanced driving assistance system development in China
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety, ICVES 2011; Beijing; 10 July 2011 through 12 July 2011. - 9781457705762 ; , s. 238-243
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, with the rapid development of vehicle industry in China, an increasing number of companies realized the importance of culture adaption, when implementing ADAS (Advanced Driving Assistance System) to the vehicles in China. However, some designing issues of these systems need to be solved, taking consideration of driver's behavior and traffic situation in China. There is a lack of studies on Chinese drivers and related to HMI design of ADAS systems in the literature. There are limited reports on Chinese traffic and drivers studies, but still lack of the necessary depth. Some interaction design methodologies, including personas, focus group study, questionnaire and so on, were used in these reports. However, these studies are neither intensive nor comprehensive. Although (part of) the issues are brought up and analyzed, only general solutions are mentioned for the designing of the systems. Present paper, through literature review, indicated different areas that need to be focused on that are related to culture issues and the possible methodologies that can be applied.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The usability and personality of speech dialogue system design
- 2005
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Ingår i: The conference of Interspeech 2005, September 4-8, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following up with the speech technology development, spoken dialogue systems are getting commercialized. Many public transportation companies, call centres, tourist information centres, etc are using spoken dialogue systems instead of the touch-tone telecommunication system for customer communication. However, there are many usability problems with the public application of spoken dialogue systems. An evaluation of a Swedish dialog system is conducted through a test with six users who went through three different scenarios in a home environment. The results came from analysis of the subjects conversation with the dialogue system, and from observations, interviews and questionnaires. The result shows that the system is functional, since all the users concluded their tasks. However, there are a few usability problems that need improvement, such as the understanding between the user and the system, the systems flexibility, naturalness, and correctness, as well as the amount of information, error handling and the users control of the system. Concerning the users experience, the study showed that variables such as elegance, emotion, encouragement, intelligence or personality were not present. These variables would affect users attitude towards the system.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963-
(författare)
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Thermal Responses of the Hand to Convective and Contact Cold : with and without Gloves
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many outdoor working tasks and some indoor working tasks still require the worker to perform them in a cold condition. To cope with cold condition, warm clothing is usually applied. Nowadays, the thermal protection of clothing is sufficient but the extremities are still not very well protected. It is very difficult to provide sufficient thermal protection to the hand, that does not decrease the hand performance. In the literature review of this thesis, the most important factors and topics related to the cooling of the hand and fingers are summarized.The issue of cold contact is still not sufficiently studies. How fast the skin may cool down to a dangerous level and how many factors may influence the contact cooling was not clear. There are five empirical studies concerned with cold surface contact by bare and gloved hand which are summarized in the thesis. The experimental studies of contact cooling of the bare finger and gloved finger were carried out in a small climate chamber. Many factors which may possibly influence the contact cooling were considered. These factors include: contact force; surface temperature; material property; surface mass; the thermal situation of the whole body and the morphology of the fingers.For the technical determination of the thermal resistance of the gloves, a mini hot plate was developed according to the EN 511 (36) and ISO 5085 (72) standards. The error from doubledetermination was less than 4%.The skin temperature (Tsk) was the dependent measurement for all of the studies. It varied on the different points of the hand. The measurement points and the location for measuring the Tsk is critical. Tsk and cold induced-vasodilatation showed a very local phenomenon. For unequal cooling (such as contact), the contact Tsk is critical and needs to be considered separately.The results indicated, that a modified Newtonian cooling curve with two time constants provided the best regression function for the contact Tsk of bare hand contact on cold surfaces and it may also be possible to describe the contact Tsk of a gloved hand.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Chen, Fang, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Zonal adaptive workload management systems: Limiting secondary tasks while driving
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, IV; Eindhoven; Netherlands; 4 June 2008 through 6 June 2008. - 9781424425693 ; , s. 997-1002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper looks at automated systems which manage drivers' access to secondary tasks while driving vehicles. Alternative control algorithms for such systems are identified and discussed. We propose a new approach to managing workload - zonal systems - based on vehicle location and other external parameters. Zonal systems are compared and contrasted to systems which operate based on the monitoring of driving parameters. The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed and a formula proposed for a control algorithm for zonal systems.
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| 37. |
- Fang, Congqi, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion influence on bond in reinforced concrete
- 2004
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-8846. ; 34:11, s. 2159-2167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bond between reinforcing steel and the surrounding concrete can be deteriorated by corrosion. Pullout tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of corrosion on bond and bond-slip behavior, for a series of specimens with varying reinforcement corrosion levels between 0% and 9%, and for specimens with and without stirrups that provide confinement. Specimens with both smooth and deformed bars were tested. The tests were designed to provide the data required to assess the bond properties, including the ultimate bond strength and free-end slip for various degrees of corrosion under pullout loads. The specimens were tested in an NITS testing machine on which loads, slips and displacements were recorded. Some conclusions have been reached based on the test results.
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| 38. |
- Fu, Zhan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the difference between the driving behaviour of a Speech based and a speech-visual based task of an in-car computer
- 2004
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Ingår i: The 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Interspeech 2004, ICSL. Jeju Island, Korea.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To select the right modality for the interaction between drivers and the in-vehicle information system (IVIS) is crucial for safety reasons. This paper presents an experimental study to dress on this subject. The study was carried out on a 160 degree car-driving simulation lab. There are 10 subjects participated in the experiment. We compared the subjects driving behavior on speech input/output only and speech input with speech+visual output interaction modalities with a simple IVIS. To judge the safety status of subjects driving performance, two independent variables which includes the average division of over speed and the average division of the car out of lane were measured as dangerous extent. Result indicates that it is not significant differences of driving performance by using synthetic speech to replace the visual display in the IVIS. It indicated that the visual presentation of a multi-modal IVIS can be acts as redundancy or complementary modality for auditory presentation, which will aids in relieving the resource demand.
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| 39. |
- Gkouskos, Dimitrios, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring User Experience in the Wild: Facets of the Modern Car
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783319208893 - 9783319208886 ; 9188, s. 450-461
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiential approaches to technology create opportunities for facilitating a wider range of in-car user experiences, however holistic knowledge regarding experiences that car users find enjoyable is lacking. We present the experience themes of the car as a caretaker, the car as a space for relatedness, the car as a space for stimulation, and the car as a space for transition, collected through a holistic study of 16 drivers, using contextual interviews, reflexive photography and the UX curve method. The use of the themes is exemplified through a design example. The experience themes can help designers empathize with users and create design solutions that can support positive in-car experiences, while the methodology used, serves as an example of how user’s experiences with technology can be studied.
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| 40. |
- Gkouskos, Dimitrios, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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How am I feeling?–The Challenge of Evaluating Pleasure-Of-Use in Vehicle Interfaces
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NES 2012: Ergonomics for sustainability and growth. - 9789163711503 ; 1, s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a method triangulation approach for evaluating emotional aspects of the User Experience (UX) of in-vehicle systems, in a naturalistic driving setting. A within subjects design with 36 participants was used. The methods that were part of the triangulation were the Self Assessment Manikin (S.A.M.), a five point Likert scale survey, and a question of preference. Resultsindicate that a triangulation approachimproves the quality of the emotional evaluation results by providing industry experts an in-depth look into different aspects of the user’s experience
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| 41. |
- Gkouskos, Dimitrios, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The use of affective interaction design in car user interfaces
- 2012
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815. ; 41:Supplement: 1, s. 5057-5061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments in the car industry have put Human Machine Interfaces under the spotlight. Developing gratifying human-car interactions has become one of the more prominent areas that car manufacturers want to invest in. However, concepts like emotional design remain foreign to the industry. In this study 12 experts on the field of automobile HMI design were interviewed in order to investigate their needs and opinions of emotional design. Results show that emotional design has yet to be introduced for this context of use. Designers need a tool customized for the intricacies of the car HMI field that can provide them with support and guidance so that they can create emotionally attractive experiences for drivers and passengers alike.
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| 42. |
- Gryszkiewicz, Anna, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Design requirements for information sharing in a crisis management command and control centre
- 2010
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Ingår i: 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2010; Seattle, WA; United States; 2 May 2010 through 5 May 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Good support for information sharing and processing is essential for successful crisis management. A crisis manager handles information from many different sources and collaborates with many different actors. This study is therefore focusing on specifying some needs and requirements for information support systems for crisis management command and control centres. The study is based on case studies and interviews in Sweden with the aim to understand how information processing best can be supported from a crisis manager’s perspective. The needs and requirements found in the study can be used in future system design or improvement.
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| 43. |
- Gryszkiewicz, Anna, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal aspects in crisis management and its implications on interface design for situation awareness
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cognition, Technology and Work. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Temporality should be considered in the designof information technology support for crisis management(CM), both because crises are dynamic events and becausetime is a part of situation awareness (SA). This study hasused group interviews to explore how different temporalaspects of CM can be considered in CM design and howthey can influence crisis managers SA. A prototype and ascenario were used as mediating materials. The resultconsists of two parts. The first part is comprised of theparticipants’ reflections on how timelines can be used todisplay information in CM information systems. Accordingto the participants, timelines should present: deadlines,information sent to the public, incoming and outgoinginformation, an overview of where the current activitiesbelong in the CM process and what has been going on sincethe last shift during shift changes. Timelines should notonly display the listed information, but also provide functionality for adjusting the timescale so that information can be presented in alternative temporal perspectives. The second part of the result contains several obstacles that might influence the crisis managers’ ability to obtain SA. Obstacles elicited from the group discussions are: information overflow, fast changes of SA due to incoming information, difficulties to share SA with actors outside the CM centre, forgetting things that need attention and that SA depends on the quality of incoming information. The two parts of the result have been compiled into six design principles for how temporality can be considered in CM systems in order to support SA.
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| 44. |
- Gryszkiewicz, Anna, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal aspects in crisis management and its implications on interface design for situation awareness
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cognition, Technology and Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 14:2, s. 169-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporality should be considered in the design of information technology support for crisis management (CM), both because crises are dynamic events and because time is a part of situation awareness (SA). This study has used group interviews to explore how different temporal aspects of CM can be considered in CM design and how they can influence crisis managers SA. A prototype and a scenario were used as mediating materials. The result consists of two parts. The first part is comprised of the participants' reflections on how timelines can be used to display information in CM information systems. According to the participants, timelines should present: deadlines, information sent to the public, incoming and outgoing information, an overview of where the current activities belong in the CM process and what has been going on since the last shift during shift changes. Timelines should not only display the listed information, but also provide functionality for adjusting the timescale so that information can be presented in alternative temporal perspectives. The second part of the result contains several obstacles that might influence the crisis managers' ability to obtain SA. Obstacles elicited from the group discussions are: information overflow, fast changes of SA due to incoming information, difficulties to share SA with actors outside the CM centre, forgetting things that need attention and that SA depends on the quality of incoming information. The two parts of the result have been compiled into six design principles for how temporality can be considered in CM systems in order to support SA.
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| 45. |
- Hu, M., et al.
(författare)
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Decision Tree-Based Maneuver Prediction for Driver Rear-End Risk-Avoidance Behaviors in Cut-In Scenarios
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Transportation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0197-6729 .- 2042-3195. ; 2017, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predicting driver rear-end risk-avoidance maneuvers in cut-in scenarios, especially dangerous precrash scenarios, benefits the customization of automatic driving, particularly automatic steering. This paper studies driver rear-end risk-avoidance behaviors in cut-in scenarios on a straight three-lane highway. Data from 24 participants in 1326 valid trials were collected using amotion-based driving simulator. An Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (revised for Chinese participants) was used to obtain the personality traits of the participants. Based on a statistical analysis, the candidate features used in the driver maneuver prediction were determined as a combination of objective risk indicators and driver characteristics. A decision tree-based model was constructed for maneuver prediction in cut-in scenarios. The prediction accuracy of the extracted classification rules was 79.2% for the training data set and 80.3% for the test data set. The most powerful predictive variables were extracted, and their effects on maneuver decisions were analyzed. The results show that driver characteristics strongly influence the prediction of maneuver decisions.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Jordan, Patrick, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers and driving: A segmentation based on behaviours and attitudes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society on Contemporary Ergonomics 2008; Nottingham; United Kingdom; 1 April 2008 through 3 April 2008. - 9780415465755 ; , s. 767-772
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A segmentation of drivers is presented, based on driving style, behaviours and attitudes. Four main segments are identified and described. The segmentation was complied using the Delphi method and is based on the synthesis of the views of a range of leading experts in the field. The segmentation is an essential first step in understanding drivers and creating solutions which will enhance driving behaviour.
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| 49. |
- Li, G., et al.
(författare)
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Driving Maneuvers Analysis Using Naturalistic Highway Driving Data
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2015. - 2153-0009. - 9781467365956 ; 2015-October, s. 1761-1766
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- - Accounting about 70% of vehicle miles on roadways, highway driving is a critical issue in traffic safety deployment. Of the various maneuvers that comprise the highly complex driving task, each one requires understanding on the connections between driving states, vehicle performance and drivers' actions. This paper attempts to flesh out a complete picture of driving maneuvers on highways. Eighteen drivers participated in this study. They drove an instrumented vehicle on highways to accumulate 2,600 km naturalistic driving data. The data were segmented and classified into 11 maneuver groups manually. Analysis on the maneuvers revealed that: 1) A maneuver transition probabilities model was proposed. According to this model, 7 typical driving patterns were drawn based on the transition probabilities. Transition events pertaining to approaching/following/lane changing accounted for 95% of all the highway transition events. 2) The durations were 7.6/6.6 s and 7.1/7.0 s for free left/right lane changes and overtake from left/right lane changes, respectively. The numbers were 22.5, 21.4 and 16.3 s for far, middle and near following maneuvers, respectively. Statistical significances were found within both groups. 3) How drivers behave in each maneuver was analyzed. Drivers drove faster in free lane changes than did in overtake lane changes. For overtake lane changes, two driving patterns were observed: accelerate to change lane and decelerate to change lane.
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| 50. |
- Li, G., et al.
(författare)
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Lane change maneuver recognition via vehicle state and driver operation signals - Results from naturalistic driving data
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, IV 2015. - 9781467372664 ; 2015-August, s. 865-870
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- - Lane change maneuver recognition is critical in driver characteristics analysis and driver behavior modeling for active safety systems. This paper presents an enhanced classification method to recognize lane change maneuver by using optimized features exclusively extracted from vehicle state and driver operation signals. The sequential forward floating selection (SFFS) algorithm was adopted to select the optimized feature set to maximize the k-nearest-neighbor classifier performance. The hidden Markov models (HMMs), based on the optimized feature set, were developed to classify driver lane change and lane keeping maneuvers. Fifteen drivers participated in the road test for validation with an accumulation of 2,200 km naturalistic driving data, from which 372 lane changes were extracted. Results show that the recognition rate of lane change maneuver achieves 88.2%. The numbers are 87.6% and 88.8% for left and right lane change maneuvers, respectively, superior to the results from conventional classifiers. © 2015 IEEE.
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