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| 2. |
- Coumans, J. M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Emotion-driven impulsiveness but not decision-making ability and cognitive inflexibility predicts weight status in adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663. ; 142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we aimed to determine whether decision-making ability, cognitive inflexibility and emotion-driven impulsiveness are associated with weight status as expressed by body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, waist circumference and skinfold thickness in adults from eight different European countries taking part in the I.Family study. The Bechara Gambling Task was used to assess decision-making ability (n = 1717). The Berg Card Sorting Test was used to measure cognitive inflexibility (n = 1509). Lastly, the negative urgency subscale from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale was used to measure emotion-driven impulsiveness (n = 4450). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that more emotion-driven impulsiveness was statistically significantly associated with a higher BMI, a higher percentage body fat, and a larger waist circumference in adults, controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status, country and binge eating; but not with skinfold thickness. Cognitive inflexibility and decision-making ability were not statistically significantly associated with any of the weight status related variables. These results support that impulsivity in response to negative emotions, but not decision-making ability or cognitive inflexibility, is associated with the susceptibility to excessive weight (as indicated by a higher BMI, a higher percentage body fat, and a larger waist circumference). In people behaving impulsively when emotional, focusing on reducing negative affect or improving coping skills is of interest in interventions targeting obesity. Clinical trial registration: The I.Family study is registered in the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN62310987) on February 23, 2018. © 2019
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| 3. |
- Do, S., et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Psychosocial Well-Being, Stressful Life Events and Emotion-Driven Impulsiveness in European Adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Youth and Adolescence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601. ; 51, s. 1106-1117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowing the extent to which mental well-being and stressful life events during adolescence contribute to personality characteristics related to risk-taking behaviors, such as emotion-driven impulsiveness, is highly relevant for the development of health promotion measures. This study examined whether psychosocial well-being and different stressful life events are associated with emotion-driven impulsiveness. In total, 3,031 adolescents (52% girls; M-age = 13.6 years) were included from the I. Family Study, a cross-sectional examination on lifestyle-related behaviors conducted across eight European countries in 2013/14. Linear mixed-effects regression models showed that higher psychosocial well-being was associated with lower emotion-driven impulsiveness independent of socio-demographic, health-related, and parental variables. A higher number of stressful life events was associated with higher emotion-driven impulsiveness. Psychosocial well-being and stressful life events need to be further considered in the development and tailoring of health promotion strategies that aim to reduce emotion-driven impulsiveness.
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| 4. |
- Goswami, Mayuri, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of elevated pressures on the laminar burning velocity of methane plus air mixtures
- 2013
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Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180. ; 160:9, s. 1627-1635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of the large amount of research spent on the evaluation of the high pressure dependence of laminar burning velocity of methane + air flame, there still exists a large uncertainty in the data for various reasons. In order to reduce the scatter to acceptable levels, the Heat Flux Method (HFM), known as a potential method with high accuracy, has been extended to higher pressures. New measurements of the laminar burning velocity of methane + air flames are presented. Non-stretched planar flames were stabilized on a perforated plate burner which was placed in a high pressure environment. The experimental results are reported for a pressure range between 1 and 5 atm. The equivalence ratio was varied from 0.8 to 1.4. Comparisons with several recent literature sources (experiments) show good agreement. An exhaustive literature survey was performed to study the numerous existing laminar burning velocity correlations for its pressure dependence. It is indicated from the literature that many of the deduced correlations use stretched laminar burning velocity results. Many used only few data points for the pressure behavior and correlations and therefore show wide discrepancies. As the heat flux method furnishes quality results with reduced errors, the results were further utilized in deducing a power-law pressure dependence. Numerical simulations were also performed using two widely used chemical reaction mechanisms, which were further involved in comparing correlations. The proposed power exponent beta(1) shows a non-monotonic behavior at equivalence ratio around 1.4 in experiments and simulations. Through species and reaction flux analysis it was observed that CH3 consumption through various reactions remain pressure dependent and show non-monotonic behavior at equivalence ratio around 1.4. (c) 2013 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Coumans, J. M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Emotion-driven impulsiveness and snack food consumption of European adolescents: Results from the I.Family study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 123, s. 152-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to investigate the association between emotion-driven impulsiveness and snack food consumption in 1039 European adolescents aged 12–18 years. During the cross-sectional examination in 2013/2014, complete information was collected on: emotion-driven impulsiveness (using the negative urgency subscale from the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation seeking, and Positive urgency (UPPS-P) Impulsive Behaviour Scale) and snacking behaviour operationalised as 1) consumption frequency of daily snacks, 2) consumption frequency of energy-dense snacks (both measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire) and 3) usual energy intake of food consumed per snacking occasion in calories. The latter was measured using online self-administered 24-h dietary recalls and was estimated based on the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Method. Anthropometric variables were measured and BMI z-score (zBMI) calculated. Age, sex, highest education level of the family and country of residence were assessed using a questionnaire. Mixed-effect regression analyses were separately conducted for each snacking behaviour outcome with emotion-driven impulsiveness as the exposure. After controlling for zBMI, age, sex, country and socioeconomic status, emotion-driven impulsiveness was positively associated with daily consumption frequency of snacks (β = 0.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.02, 0.12]) and consumption frequency of energy-dense snacks (β = 0.25, 95% CI [0.19, 0.31]), but not with usual energy intake of food per snacking (β = 2.52, 95% CI [-0.55, 5.59]). Adolescents with a stronger emotion-driven impulsiveness tendency reported a higher snacking frequency and specifically more energy-dense snacks, whereas the energy intake of snack food seemed less important. These findings have implications for obesity prevention and treatment as they indicate the importance of targeting emotion-driven impulsiveness as a strategy to avoid excessive snacking.
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| 6. |
- Coumans, J M J, et al.
(författare)
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The association of emotion-driven impulsiveness, cognitive inflexibility and decision-making with weight status in European adolescents.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of obesity (2005). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 42, s. 655-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- to explore the association between emotion-driven impulsiveness, cognitive inflexibility, decision-making and with weight status as reflected in BMI z-score (zBMI) in European adolescents.In total 3 354 adolescent aged between 12 and 18 years from the I.Family cohort completed the questionnaire based negative urgency subscale from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale to measure emotion-driven impulsiveness in 2013/2014. Furthermore, 1 584 adolescents completed the computer-based Bergs Card Sorting Test to measure cognitive inflexibility, and 1 780 adolescents completed the Hungry Donkey Test to assess decision-making ability. Anthropometric variables were measured objectively; confounding variables (age, sex, socioeconomic status and country) were assessed using a questionnaire. Mixed-effect regression analyses were conducted for each outcome of the test or questionnaire as a predictor with standardised body mass index (zBMI) as the dependent variable in order to investigate association between markers of cognitive functioning and zBMI.After controlling for confounders, results showed that emotion-driven impulsiveness (β=0.18, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.24, P<0.001), and cognitive inflexibility (β=0.01, 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.02, P=0.016) were positively associated with zBMI. However, decision-making ability was not significantly related to zBMI (β=0.00, 95% CI: -0.001 to 0.003, P=0.47).More emotion-driven impulsiveness and reduced cognitive flexibility were associated with a higher zBMI in adolescents across Europe. These results may indicate that being impulsive in negative situations and having difficulties changing mental sets increase the susceptibility for unhealthy weight development. Reducing impulsivity and training cognitive flexibility seem promising targets for the prevention and intervention programs of obesity.International Journal of Obesity accepted article preview online, 01 November 2017. doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.270.
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| 7. |
- Goswami, M., et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Simulations of Flat Laminar Premixed Methane-Air Flames at Elevated Pressure
- 2014
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Ingår i: Combustion Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1563-521X .- 0010-2202. ; 186:10-11, s. 1447-1459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional axisymmetric simulation of stoichiometric methane-air flames stabilized on flat burners at elevated pressure is reported in the present work. Such flames, in practice, are experimentally obtained using the heat flux method for measurement of laminar burning velocity of fuel-oxidizer mixtures (Bosschaart and de Goey, 2004; Goswami et al., 2013). The method makes use of a burner with a perforated brass burner plate. The dimensions of such a plate play an important role in creating flat flames. The present investigation is focused on studying laminar premixed flame structure numerically at elevated pressure up to 15 bar using a one-step and a detailed chemical reaction mechanism. Three burner plate models (of varying hole diameter and porosity) are used in the simulations for pressures up to 7 bar with a one-step mechanism. The surface area increase of the flame was evaluated based on an isotherm at 900 K and the net reaction rate of methane compared to a flat flame. The comparison of these models shows that the surface area increase can significantly be reduced by choosing a smaller hole diameter and larger porosity. The results of the detailed simulations using an appropriate chemical reaction mechanism up to 15 bar using a burner plate model, which is similar to the ones used in experiments (mentioned above), show a nonlinear increase of the flame curvature with elevating pressure. A hole diameter of 0.25 mm and a pitch of 0.29 mm is suggested for a burner plate in such experiments. Flame structure at elevated pressure is also analyzed further based on species profiles obtained.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Do, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
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The role of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness in food choices of European adolescents
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - 1479-5868. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unclear whether a hypothetical intervention targeting either psychosocial well-being or emotion-driven impulsiveness is more effective in reducing unhealthy food choices. Therefore, we aimed to compare the (separate) causal effects of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness on European adolescents’ sweet and fat propensity. Methods: We included 2,065 participants of the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort (mean age: 13.4) providing self-reported data on sweet propensity (score range: 0 to 68.4), fat propensity (range: 0 to 72.6), emotion-driven impulsiveness using the UPPS-P negative urgency subscale, and psychosocial well-being using the KINDLR Questionnaire. We estimated, separately, the average causal effects of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness on sweet and fat propensity applying a semi-parametric doubly robust method (targeted maximum likelihood estimation). Further, we investigated a potential indirect effect of psychosocial well-being on sweet and fat propensity mediated via emotion-driven impulsiveness using a causal mediation analysis. Results: If all adolescents, hypothetically, had high levels of psychosocial well-being, compared to low levels, we estimated a decrease in average sweet propensity by 1.43 [95%-confidence interval: 0.25 to 2.61]. A smaller effect was estimated for fat propensity. Similarly, if all adolescents had high levels of emotion-driven impulsiveness, compared to low levels, average sweet propensity would be decreased by 2.07 [0.87 to 3.26] and average fat propensity by 1.85 [0.81 to 2.88]. The indirect effect of psychosocial well-being via emotion-driven impulsiveness was 0.61 [0.24 to 1.09] for average sweet propensity and 0.55 [0.13 to 0.86] for average fat propensity. Conclusions: An intervention targeting emotion-driven impulsiveness, compared to psychosocial well-being, would be marginally more effective in reducing sweet and fat propensity in adolescents.
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| 10. |
- Sina, Elida, et al.
(författare)
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Digital media exposure and cognitive functioning in European children and adolescents of the I.Family study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The digital environment can pose health risks through exposure to unhealthy content. Yet, little is known about its relation to children’s cognitive functioning. This study investigates the association between digital media (DM) exposure and children’s cognitive functioning. This cross-sectional study is based on examinations of children aged 8–18 years (N = 8673) of the I.Family cohort (2013–2014). Exposure to television, computer, smartphone and internet was self-reported (hours/day). Media multitasking (MMT) was defined as simultaneous use of computers with other digital or non-screen-based activities. Standard instruments were used to assess cognitive inflexibility (score: 0–39), decision-making ability (− 100 to + 100) and impulsivity (12–48). Adjusted regression coefficients and 99.9%CIs were calculated by generalized linear mixed-effects models. In total, 3261 participants provided data for impulsivity, 3441 for cognitive inflexibility and 4046 for decision-making. Exposure to smartphones and media multitasking were positively associated with impulsivity (βsmartphone = 0.74; 99.9%CI = 0.42–1.07; βMMT = 0.73; 99.9%CI = 0.35–1.12) and cognitive inflexibility (βsmartphone = 0.32; 99.9%CI = -0.02–0.66; βMMT = 0.39; 99.9%CI = 0.01–0.77) while being inversely associated with decision-making ability. Extensive smartphone/internet exposure combined with low computer/medium TV exposure was associated with higher impulsivity and cognitive inflexibility scores, especially in girls. DM exposure is adversely associated with cognitive functioning in children and adolescents. Children require protection against the likely adverse impact of digital environment.
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