| 1. |
- Curbis, F, et al.
(författare)
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HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN REPORT OF THE SOFT X-RAY LASER AT MAX IV
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IPAC2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SXL (Soft X-ray Laser) project developed a conceptual design for a soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) in the 1-5 nm wavelength range, driven by the existing MAX IV 3 GeV linac. In this contribution we will focus on the FEL operation modes developed for the first phase of the project based on two different linac modes. The design work was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation and by several Swedish universities and organizations (
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| 2. |
- Andersen, J., et al.
(författare)
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The soft X-ray laser project at MAX IV
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - : Joint Accelerator Conferences Website - JACoW. - 9783954501823 ; , s. 2760-2762
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Soft X-ray Laser (SXL) beamline utilising FEL technology is being designed for the Short Pulse Facility (SPF) at the MAX IV Laboratory. A conceptual design study has been started following on the scientific case already prepared in collaboration between several Swedish Universities and driven by a strong (Swedish) user demand. The baseline goal of the SXL beamline is to generate intense and short pulses in the range 1-5 nm (0.2-1 keV). The system is building on the MAX IV linac system, already today providing 100 fs 3 GeV and pulses compressed to 100 fs for other applications within the SPF. As a special feature we foresee a variety of pump-probe capabilities.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Beam performance of the photocathode gun for the MAX IV LINAC
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 36th International Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL 2014. - 9783954501335 ; , s. 799-802
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAX IV facility in Lund (Sweden) is under construction and conditioning of the electron guns for the injector is ongoing. There are two guns in the injector, one thermionic gun for storage ring injection and one photocathode gun for the Short Pulse Facility. In this paper we report on the beam performance tests of the photocathode gun. The measurements were performed at the MAX IV electron gun test stand [1] during spring 2014. Parameters that were studied includes quantum efficiency, emittance and emittance compensation. Results from the measurements are also compared to particle simulations done with ASTRA.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Emittance improvements in the MAX IV photocathode injector
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823 - 9783954501823 ; , s. 1533-1536
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The MAX IV injector design predicts a beam with 100 pC of charge and an emittance lower than 1 mm mrad. The photocathode pre-injector is based on the now close to standard 1.6-cell gun adapted to 2.9985 GHz, in combination with a Ti:Sapphire laser system. This system reaches the requirements of the injector operation for the SPF, but can be tuned beyond specifications to open up new operation modes. During 2016 and 2017 several aspects where investigated to improve the emittance from the current gun, the goal was to meet the SPF specifications. In this paper we report on the progress, discuss the steps taken leading to a final emittance of 1 mm mrad and beyond.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, J, et al.
(författare)
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The New MAX IV Gun Test Stand
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823 - 9783954501823 ; , s. 1537-1540
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The gun test stand from MAX-Lab has been upgraded and moved to a new facility at the MAX IV Laboratory. The new test stand will reuse parts of the equipment from the old test stand but a number of improvements to the setup are be made. In this paper we report on the design of the new gun test stand, research plans in the near future as well as planned and possible future research topics..
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| 6. |
- Curbis, F., et al.
(författare)
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Status of the soft X-ray laser (SXL) project at the Max IV laboratory
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 39th International Free-Electron Laser Conference, FEL 2019. - : JACoW Publishing. - 9783954502103 ; , s. 749-752
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Soft X-ray Laser project (the SXL) aiming to produce FEL radiation in the range of 1 to 5 nm is currently in a conceptual design phase and a report on the design is expected to be delivered by March 2021. The FEL will be driven by the existing 3 GeV linac at MAX IV laboratory, which also serves as injector for the two storage rings. The science case has been pushed by a large group of mainly Swedish users and consists of experiments ranging from AMO physics to condensed matter, chemistry and imaging in life science. In this contribution, we will present the current conceptual design of the accelerator and the FEL operation modes together with a general overview of the beamline and experimental station. In particular design options for the FEL will be discussed in conjunction with the features of the electron beam from the MAX IV linac and the connection with the proposed experiments.
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| 7. |
- Kotur, M, et al.
(författare)
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PHOTOCATHODE LASER PULSE SHAPING FOR IMPROVED EMITTANCE
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 29th Linear Accelerator Conference, LINAC 2018. - 9783954501946 ; , s. 84-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a setup for producing and characterizing picosecond ultraviolet laser pulses for use in the MAX IV photocathode electron gun preinjector. Frequency-tripled laser pulses from a commercial laser system are shaped directly in the ultraviolet domain using a Fourier-domain pulse shaper. The pulses were characterized using a transient grating FROG. We discuss a proposed upgrade of the pulse shaper, as well as its limitations.
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| 8. |
- Kotur, M, et al.
(författare)
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Pulse shaping at the MAX IV photoelectron gun laser
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823 - 9783954501823 ; , s. 1541-1543
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A motivation for the development of a versatile, programmable source of shaped picosecond pulses for use in photocathode electron gun preinjectors is presented. We present the experimental setup for arbitrary longitudinal pusle shaping of the MAX IV photocathode gun laser. The setup consists of a grating-based Fourier-domain shaper capable of stretching the pulses directly in the UV domain. Preliminary results are presented and discussed.
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| 9. |
- Lindau, F, et al.
(författare)
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MAX IV Photocathode Gun Laser System Specification and Diagnostics
- 2017
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Ingår i: IPAC 2017 - Proceedings of the 8th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501823 - 9783954501823 ; , s. 1544-1546
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The MAXIV injector has two guns - a thermionic used for ring injections, and a photocathode used for short pulse facility operation. A commercial Ti:sapphire laser from KMLabs drives the copper based photocathode gun. It has been running without major issues for more than 3 years. The laser delivers up to §I{500}{\textmu J} on the cathode at the third harmonic, §I{263}{nm}, via a vacuum laser transport system. To achieve the desired pulse duration of 2–§I10{ps} the laser pulses, originally ~§I{100}{fs} long, are stretched with a prism pair and the resulting §I{1.5}{ps} pulses stacked by a series of birefringent \textalpha -BBO crystals. Diagnostics consist of photodiodes, spectrometers, and cameras. Longitudinal pulse characterization is done with a cross correlator and a UV FROG.
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| 10. |
- Samoilenko, D, et al.
(författare)
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Discussion on CSR instability in EEHG Simulation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IPAC2021.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) is an external seeding technique for XUV and soft X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FEL). It has recently been experimentally demonstrated and currently many facilities worldwide intend to incorporate it in user operation. The EEHG process relies on very accurate and complex transformations of electron beam phase space by means of a series of undulators coupled to lasers and dispersive chicanes. As a result of the phase space manipulation, electrons are bunched at a high harmonic of the seed laser wavelength allowing coherent emission at few nm wavelength.
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| 11. |
- Samoilenko, D, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of EEHG simulations to dynamic beam parameters
- 2023
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Ingår i: 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC'22) 12 - 17 June 2022, Bangkok, Thailand. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588. ; 2420
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, the Free electron laser user facility FLASH at DESY is undergoing a significant upgrade involving the complete transformation of one of its beamlines to allow external seeding. With the Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) seeding method, we aim for the generation of fully coherent XUV and soft X-ray pulses at wavelengths down to 4 nm. The generated FEL radiation is sensitive to various electron beam properties, e.g., its energy profile imprinted either deliberately or by collective effects such as Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR). In dedicated particle tracking simulations, one usually makes certain assumptions concerning the beam properties and the collective effects to simplify implementation and analysis. Here, we estimate the influence of some of the common assumptions made in EEHG simulations on the properties of the output FEL radiation, using the example of FLASH and its proposed seeding beamline. We conclude that the inherent properties of the FLASH1 beam, namely the negatively chirped energy profile, has dominant effect on the spectral intensity profile of the radiators output compare to that of the CSR induced chirp.
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| 12. |
- Curbis, F., et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for longitudinal phase-space measurements at the MAX IV linac
- 2014
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Ingår i: IPAC 2014 : Proceedings of the 5th International Particle Accelerator Conference - Proceedings of the 5th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501328 ; , s. 3665-3667
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowing the longitudinal phase space of an electron beam is one of the most important and crucial issues in short-pulses linacs. To achieve this task expensive and rather complicated setups (like transverse deflecting cavities) are usually implemented. The MAX IV linac is a 3GeV accelerator which will be used to inject into two rings and to drive a short pulse facility. Nevertheless, a more deep understanding of the beam quality would be useful especially in view of an upgrade as FEL driver. Another interesting aspect is to evaluate how the double-achromat bunch compressors are performing. We are studying how to implement off-phase acceleration: one part of the linac will be set at zero-crossing phase and the following transfer line could be used as energy spectrometer to retrieve the bunch profile. In the present configuration of the MAX IV linac this procedure will allow to check the bunch length after the first bunch compressor. Since it is work in progress, in this contribution we present a sketch of the measurement and the feasibility of the method will be explored by means of simulations.
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| 13. |
- Karlberg, O., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of longitudinal wakefields in the MAX IV linac
- 2014
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Ingår i: IPAC 2014 : Proceedings of the 5th International Particle Accelerator Conference - Proceedings of the 5th International Particle Accelerator Conference. - 9783954501328 ; , s. 3050-3052
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the second part of 2014, the 3 GeV linac at the MAX IV laboratory will enter its commissioning stage. Equipped with two guns, the linac will act as a full energy injector for the two storage rings and at the same time provide high brightness pulses to a Short Pulse Facility (SPF). Compression in the linac is done in two double achromats with fixed R56 that relies upon the RF phase introduced energy chirp, which in this case is strongly enhanced by the longitudinal wakefields. Since the longitudinal wakefields play a major role in the compression and bunch shaping they need to be carefully investigated during the commissioning. In this proceeding we will discuss a measurement technique that will be used during commissioning to characterize the longitudinal wakefields in the MAX IV linac and their precise effects on e.g. the bunch shape and the energy spread. Predictions obtained from particle tracking will be presented.
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| 14. |
- Lechner, C., et al.
(författare)
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First direct seeding at 38 nm
- 2012
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Ingår i: FEL 2012 - 34th International Free Electron Laser Conference. - 9783954501236 ; , s. 197-199
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The sFLASH project at DESY is an experiment to study direct seeding using a source based on the high-harmonic generation (HHG) process. In contrast to SASE, a seeded FEL exhibits greatly improved longitudinal coherence and higher shot-to-shot stability (both spectral and energetic). In addition, the output of the seeded FEL is intrinsically synchronized to the HHG drive laser, thus enabling pump-probe experiments with a resolution of the order of 10 fs. The installation and successful commissioning of the sFLASH components in 2010/2011 has been followed by a planned upgrade in autumn 2011. As a result of these improvements, in spring 2012 direct HHG seeding at 38 nm has been successfully demonstrated. In this contribution, we describe the experimental layout and announce the first seeding at 38 nm.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Olsson, D., et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning status of the chopper system for the Max IV injector
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th Linear Accelerator Conference, LINAC 2016. - 9783954501694 ; , s. 468-471
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAX IV facility in Lund, Sweden consists of two storage rings for production of synchrotron radiation, and a short-pulse-facility (SPF). The two rings are designed for 3 GeV and 1.5 GeV, respectively, where the initial beam commissioning of the former has recently been completed, and commissioning of the latter was started in September 2016. Both rings will be operating with top-up injections delivered by a full-energy injector. In order to reduce losses of high-energy electrons along the injector and in the rings during injection, only electrons that are within a time structure where they can be accumulated in the ring buckets are accelerated. Electrons outside this time structure are dumped before they reach the first LINAC structure by a chopper system. The performance of the chopper system during commissioning of the 3 GeV ring is presented in this paper.
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| 17. |
- Pirani, S, et al.
(författare)
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START-TO-END STUDY ON LASER AND RF JITTER EFFECTS FOR MAX IV SXL
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IPAC2021. ; , s. 844-846
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Soft X-ray free electron laser (FEL) for the MAX IV Laboratory is currently in the design phase and it will use the existing 3 GeV linac. Present stability limits in the RF and the photocathode laser will affect the performance of the FEL. One of the critical elements for the design of a FEL is to have an estimation on jitter effects of the accelerator parameters on the X-ray radiation. In this regard, we implemented a start-to-end study using Astra, Elegant and Genesis in order to assess possible variations in pulse energy, photon pulse length and spectral width in the Soft X-ray Laser (SXL) radiation. This investigation provides insights on the final SXL performance variation due to RF and laser related jitter affecting the electron beam.
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| 18. |
- Pop, M, et al.
(författare)
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ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ENERGY CHIRP IN IMPLEMENTING EEHG AT SXL
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IPAC2021. ; , s. 1566-1569
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a part of the efforts to improve the longitudinal coherence in the design of the Soft X-ray FEL (the SXL) at MAX IV, we present a possible implementation of the EEHG harmonic seeding scheme partly integrated into the second bunch compressor of the existing LINAC. A special focus is given to the effect of CSR on the resulting EEHG bunching and on how this unwanted effect might be controlled.
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| 19. |
- Qin, W., et al.
(författare)
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Advanced concepts in the design for the soft X-ray FEL at Max IV
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 39th International Free-Electron Laser Conference, FEL 2019. - 9783954502103 ; , s. 214-217
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Soft X-ray FEL (the SXL) is currently being designed at the MAX IV Laboratory. In the work to adapt the FEL to the scientific cases several advanced options are being studied for coherence enhancement, generation of short pulses and two-color pulses. We will discuss the current status and initial results of the schemes studied, especially regarding the FEL performance with the features of the MAX IV linac, including a positive energy chirp.
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| 20. |
- Qin, W., et al.
(författare)
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Start-to-end simulations for the soft X-ray FEL at the Max IV laboratory
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 39th International Free-Electron Laser Conference, FEL 2019. - 9783954502103 ; , s. 210-213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Soft X-ray FEL (the SXL) using the existing 3 GeV linac at the MAX IV Laboratory is currently in the design phase. In this contribution, start-to-end simulations, including the photo-injector simulations using ASTRA, the linac simulations using ELEGANT and the FEL simulations using GENESIS, are presented for 100 pC and 10 pC operation modes. The features of the electron beam from the MAX IV linac and their impact on the FEL performance are discussed.
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| 21. |
- Qin, Weilun, et al.
(författare)
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The FEL in the SXL project at MAX IV
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - : International Union Of Crystallography. - 1600-5775 .- 0909-0495. ; 28, s. 707-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the design of the free-electron laser (FEL) in the SXL (Soft X-ray Laser) project at the MAX IV Laboratory is presented. The target performance parameters originate in a science case put forward by Swedish users and the SXL FEL is foreseen to be driven by the existing MAX IV 3 GeV linac. The SXL project is planned to be realized in different stages and in this paper the focus is on Phase 1, where the basic operation mode for the FEL will be SASE (self-amplified spontaneous emission), with an emphasis on short pulses. Simulation results for two linac bunches (high and low charge) with different pulse duration are illustrated, as well as the performance for two-color/two-pulses mode and power enhancement through tapering. Besides standard SASE and optical klystron configurations, the FEL setup is also tailored to allow for advanced seeding schemes operations. Finally possible upgrades that will be implemented in a second phase of the project are discussed.
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