| 1. |
- Algers, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
Mixed logit estimation of the value of travel time
- 1998
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we use mixed logit specifications to allow parameters to vary in the population when estimating the value of time for long-distance car travel. Our main conclusion is that the estimated value of time is very sensitive to how the model is specified: we find that it is significantly lower when the coefficients are assumed to be normally distributed in the population, as compared to the traditional case when they are treated as fixed. In our most richly parameterised model, we find a median value of time of 57 SEK per hour, with the major part of the mass of the value of time distribution closely centred around the median value. The corresponding figure when the parameters are treated as fixed is 89 SEK per hour. Furthermore, our finding that the ratio of coefficients in a mixed logit specification differ significantly from the ones in a traditional logit specification is contrary to the results obtained by Brownstone & Train (1996) and Train (1997). Whether the ratios will differ or not depends on the model and the data generating process at hand.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Henrik
(författare)
-
Immigration and the Neighborhood : Essays on the Causes and Consequences of International Migration
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1 (with Kristoffer Jutvik): This paper uses quasi-experimental evidence to understand how changes in migration policy affect the number of asylum seekers. We look specifically at a sudden, regulatory change in the Swedish reception of Syrian asylum seekers. The change took place in September 2013, and implied that all Syrian asylum seekers would be granted permanent, instead of temporary residence permits. Using high frequency data and an interrupted time series set-up, we study the extent to which this change caused more Syrian citizens to apply for asylum in Sweden, and how the change affected the distribution of asylum seekers in Europe. Results show that the change in policy almost doubled the number of asylum seekers from Syria within 2013, with a significant jump in numbers already within the first week after the implementation of the policy. While this also decreased the share of asylum seekers to other large recipient countries (Germany), the effects were highly temporary.Essay 2: In this paper I estimate the causal effect of ethnic enclaves on the probability of self-employment. To account for neighborhood selection I make use of a refugee dispersal program. Results indicate that larger ethnic enclaves, measured as the share of self-employed coethnics in the municipality immigrants first arrive into, affect the probability of self-employment positively, while the share of all other coethnics has a negative effect. Results however also indicate that there is a long term economic penalty to being placed with a larger share of self-employed coethnics, an effect which is partly mediated through the choice of self-employment.Essay 3 (with Heléne Berg and Matz Dahlberg): In this paper we investigate the migration behavior of the native population following foreign (refugee) immigration, with a particular focus on examining whether there is any support for an ethnically based migration response. If ethnicity is the mechanism driving the change in natives' migration behavior, our maintained hypothesis is that native-born individuals who are more ethnically similar to arriving refugees should not change their migration behavior to the same extent as native-born individuals with native-born parents (who are ethnically quite different from refugees). Using rich geo-coded register data from Sweden, spanning over 20 consecutive years, we account for possible endogeneity problems with an improved so-called ``shift-share" instrumental variable approach; in particular, our strategy combines policy-induced initial immigrant settlements with exogenous contemporaneous immigration as captured by refugee shocks. We find no evidence of neither native flight nor native avoidance when studying the full population. We do, however, find native flight among individuals who are expected to be more mobile, and within this group, we find that all natives, irrespective of their parents' foreign background, react similarly to increased immigration. Our results therefore indicate that preferences for ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods may not be the dominant channel inducing flight. Instead our estimates indicate that immigration leads to more socio-economically segregated neighborhoods. This conclusion can have important implications for the ethnically based tipping point literature.Essay 4 (with Matz Dahlberg): In this paper we examine the short-run housing market effects of refugee immigration to Sweden. Given that Sweden is a major refugee receiving country, it constitutes an interesting and important case to study. To deal with the endogeneity resulting from the refugees' location choices, we use an econometric specification that includes neighborhood fixed effects and an instrumental variable that is based on a historical settlement pattern mainly determined by a refugee placement policy. We find that refugee immigration to small neighborhoods has no average effect on changes in housing prices in that neighborhood. We find a positive effect on increased housing supply, measured as the number of objects on sale. The zero effect of immigration on housing prices stands in contrast to the negative results found in earlier studies. We hypothesize that the reason is due to different preferences for homogeneity in Sweden, and/or to institutional features in the Swedish rental sector.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Migrating Natives and Foreign Immigration : Is there a Preference for Ethnic Residential Homogeneity?
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the migration behavior of the native population following foreign (refugee) immigration, with a particular focus on examining whether there is support for an ethnically based migration response. If ethnicity is the mechanism driving the change in natives' migration behavior, our maintained hypothesis is that native-born individuals who are ethnically similar to arriving refugees should not change their migration behavior to the same extent as native-born individuals with native-born parents (who are ethnically quite different from refugees). Using rich geo-coded register data from Sweden, spanning over 20 consecutive years, we account for possible endogeneity problems with an improved so-called "shift-share" approach; in particular, our strategy combines policy-induced initial immigrant settlements with exogenous contemporaneous immigration as captured by refugee shocks. We find no evidence of neither native flight nor native avoidance when studying the full population. We do, however, find native flight among individuals who are expected to be more mobile, and within this group, we find that all natives, irrespective of their parents' foreign background, react similarly to increased immigration. Our results therefore indicate that preference for ethnically homogeneous neighborhoods may not be the dominant channel inducing flight. The estimates instead indicate that immigration leads to more socio-economically segregated neighborhoods. This conclusion may have implications for the ethnically based tipping point literature.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Migrating natives and foreign immigration : Is there a preference for ethnic residential homogeneity?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0094-1190 .- 1095-9068. ; 121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the migration behavior of the native Swedish population following refugee immigration, with a particular focus on examining whether there is support for an ethnically based migration response. Using rich geo-coded Swedish data, we account for possible endogeneity problems by combining policy-induced initial immigrant settlements with exogenous contemporaneous immigration as captured by refugee shocks. We find the same flight among all natives, irrespective of their parental foreign background. This suggests that ethnic distance to the new immigrants is not the dominant channel causing natives' flight behavior. Instead, refugee immigration seems to lead to more socio-economically segregated neighborhoods.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Polisens lista över utsatta områden minskar efterfrågan på att bo i de utpekade områdena
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 51:8, s. 53-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan hösten 2015 har polisen publicerat en serie rapporter som listar ett sextiotal bostadsområden i Sverige som "utsatta". Dessa listor har fått stort genomslag såväl i media som i den politiska debatten. I denna artikel presenterar vi resultat som ger stöd åt hypotesen att polisens beslut att peka ut "utsatta områden" har påverkat uppfattningen om de utpekade områdena. Vi påvisar en negativ effekt på bostadspriserna av att bli upptagen på polisens lista, både på kort och längre sikt (inom sex år), vilket vi tolkar som en minskad efterfråga på att bo i dessa områden.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Refugee Immigration and the Housing Market
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we examine the short-run housing market effects of refugee immigration to Sweden. Given that Sweden is a major refugee receiving country, it constitutes an interesting and important case to study. To deal with the endogeneity resulting from the refugees' location choices, we use an econometric specification that includes neighborhood fixed effects and an instrumental variable that is based on a historical settlement pattern mainly determined by a refugee placement policy. We find that refugee immigration to small neighborhoods has no average effect on changes in housing prices in that neighborhood. We find a positive effect on increased housing supply, measured as the number of objects on sale. The zero effect of immigration on housing prices stands in contrast to the negative results found in earlier studies. We hypothesize that the reason is due to different preferences for homogeneity in Sweden, and/or to institutional features in the Swedish rental sector.
|
|
| 8. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Vill Svensson bo med Svensson? : Effekter av flyktinginvandring på svenskföddas flyttbeteende
- 2018
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Invandringen till Sverige har gjort att befolkningen både ökat i storlek och fått en förändrad sammansättning. År 2018 är andelen utlandsfödda 18 procent, och under de senare årtiondena har ökningen i denna andel drivits främst av invandring från länder utanför Europa. I denna rapport studerar vi hur den ökade invandringen, och specifikt flyktinginvandringen, påverkat svenskföddas flyttbeteenden. Förutom att undersöka hur flyttbeteenden påverkas, analyserar vi även varför. Vi finner överlag väldigt små effekter på flyttbeteendet; vissa svenskfödda lämnar visserligen sitt grannskap till följd av ökad invandring, men nettoeffekten av ut- och inflyttningen är inte statistiskt skild från noll. Vidare finner vi att i den mån vissa svenskfödda flyttar, är det på grund av den förändrade socioekonomiska sammansättningen som följer av invandringen, snarare än en förändrad etnisk sammansättning. Med andra ord finner vi att ”rik och välutbildad” vill bo med ”rik och välutbildad” snarare än att ”Svensson vill bo med Svensson”.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ando, Michihito, 1981-
(författare)
-
Essays on the Evaluation of Public Policies
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained papers.Essay 1: This paper uses the synthetic control (SC) method to examine how the establishment of Nuclear Power Facilities (NPFs) in Japan in the 1970s and 1980s has affected local per capita income levels in the municipalities in which they were located (NPF municipalities). Eight quantitative case studies using the SC method clarify that the effects of NPF establishment on per capita taxable income levels are highly heterogeneous. The estimated effects are often economically meaningful and in some cases huge: the income level was 11% higher on average and 62% higher in one municipality in 2002 when compared with counterfactual units. On the other hand a few of the NPF municipalities have received only weak or negligible effects from NPF establishment. The post-estimation comparisons of employment between the NPF municipalities and the SC units suggest that the size of the direct labor demand shocks and subsequent indirect employment effects on nontradable service sectors have contributed to the increase in per capita income levels.Essay 2: In a regression kink (RK) design with a finite sample, a confounding smooth nonlinear relationship between an assignment variable and an outcome variable around a threshold can be spuriously picked up as a kink and result in a biased estimate. In order to investigate how well RK designs handle such confounding nonlinearity, I firstly implement Monte Carlo simulations and then study the effect of fiscal equalization grants on local expenditure in Japan using an RK design. Results in both the Monte Carlo simulations and the empirical application suggest that RK estimation without covariates can be easily biased, and this problem can be mitigated by adding basic covariates to the regressors. On the other hand, a smaller bandwidth or a higher order polynomial, even a quadratic polynomial, tends to result in imprecise estimates although they may be able to reduce estimation bias. In sum, RK estimation with a confounding nonlinearity often suffers from bias or imprecision and estimates are credible only when relevant covariates are controlled for.Essay 3: This paper investigates the effects of fiscal equalization grants on total expenditure and disaggregated expenditures by exploiting two different formula-based exogenous variations in grants. Examining the institutional settings of the Japanese fiscal equalization scheme and estimating local average grant effects with a regression kink design and an instrumental variable approach, I demonstrate that there exist heterogeneous grant effects for two groups of municipalities with different fiscal conditions. That is, estimated grant effects on total expenditure are approximately one-to-one for municipalities around the threshold of grant eligibility, but much more than one-to-one for municipalities that are heavily dependent on fiscal equalization grants. In addition, grant effects on disaggregated expenditures are dispersed across different expenditure items in the former type of municipality but concentrated on construction expenditures in the latter type. I then discuss that the observed grant effect heterogeneity is a consequence of the institutional settings of the Japanese fiscal equalization scheme.Essay 4 (with Reo Takaku): We evaluate the impact of patient cost sharing on the use of dentures and subjective chewing ability exploiting a sharp reduction in the coinsurance rate, the percentage of costs born by the user, from 30% to 10% at the age of 70 with a regression discontinuity design. Using data from the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR), we find that the utilization rate of dentures increases from approximately 50% to 63% around the threshold, implying that the extensive margin elasticity of denture usage with respect to the coinsurance rate is about -0.41. In addition, we find this jump is almost entirely due to the change in the rate among women. On the other hand, we do not find a significant improvement in self-reported chewing ability. Our empirical findings are also confirmed by complementary analysis with randomization tests and placebo randomization tests.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ando, Michihito, et al.
(författare)
-
The Risks of Nuclear Disaster and Its Impact on Housing Prices
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 154, s. 13-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a data set on housing sales transactions we explore the potential effect of the Fukushima disaster on housing prices in Sweden. In contrast to most earlier findings in other countries we do not find any disproportionate effect from the Fukushima disaster on housing prices in vicinity of nuclear power plants in Sweden.
|
|
| 11. |
- Berg, Heléne, et al.
(författare)
-
Post-WWI Military Disarmament and Interwar Fascism : Evidence from Sweden
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The emergence of anti-democratic movements is a central puzzle to social science. We study a novel and rich dataset covering Swedish municipalities during the interwar years and find a strong link between the presence of a military garrison and the emergence of fascist parties. We interpret these results as suggesting that fascist mobilization in Sweden was driven by discontent with the process of disarmament brought about by democratization. By contrast, economic hard times, as captured by local poverty and the size of the tax base, seem to have little connection with such parties. We relate these results to influential theories of democratization.
|
|
| 12. |
- Berg, Heléne, et al.
(författare)
-
Post-WWI military disarmament and interwar fascism in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440 .- 1940-1906. ; 52:1, s. 37-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of anti-democratic movements is a central puzzle to social science. We study a novel and rich historical dataset covering Swedish municipalities during the interwar years and find a strong link between the presence of a military garrison and the emergence of fascist parties. We interpret these results as suggesting that fascist mobilization in Sweden was driven by discontent with the process of disarmament brought about by democratization. In contrast, poor economic conditions, as captured both by levels of and changes in the local poverty rate and tax base, do not explain the strong link between the fascists and military garrisons. We relate these results to influential theories of democratization.
|
|
| 13. |
- Bergström, Pål, et al.
(författare)
-
GMM Bootstrapping and Testing in Dynamic Panels
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Essays on Local Public Finance and Intergovernmental Grants. - Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Bergström, Pål, et al.
(författare)
-
Municipal labour demand : Sweden 1988-1995
- 1998
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the determinants of municipal labour demand in Sweden 1988-1995. Utilising a major grant reform in 1993, through which a switch from mainly targeted to mainly general central government grants occurred, we are able to identify which type of grants that have the largest effects on municipal employment. We find a larger municipal employment elasticity with respect to grants before the reform, implying that the more freedom given to the municipalities, the less they seem inclined to spend on municipal employment. We further find (i) a short run wage elasticity of approximately -0.5 and a long run ditto of approximately -0.9, (ii) a quite sluggish adjustment process: only 60% of the desired change in municipal employment is implemented in the first year, (iii) that the demographic structure is an important determinant of municipal employment, and (iv) that the behavioural pattern is different in"socialist"municipalities.
|
|
| 16. |
- Bergström, Pål, et al.
(författare)
-
Municpal Labour Demand - Sweden 1988-1995
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Essays in Labour Economics and Econometrics. - Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Bergström, Pål, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of grants and wages on municipal labour demand
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 11:3, s. 315-334
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the determinants of municipal labour demand in Sweden 1988–1995. Utilising a major grant reform in 1993, through which a switch from mainly targeted to mainly general central government grants occurred, we are able to identify which type of grants that have the largest effects on municipal employment. We find a larger municipal employment elasticity with respect to grants before the reform, which we interpret as evidence that general grants have less employment effects than specific ones. We further find a short run wage elasticity of approximately -0.5 and a long run ditto of approximately -0.9, and a quite sluggish adjustment process: only 60% of the desired change in municipal employment is implemented in the first year.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Blind, Ina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Construction of Register-based Commuting Measures
- 2018
-
Ingår i: CESifo Economic Studies. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1610-241X .- 1612-7501. ; 64:2, s. 292-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early empirical studies in labour and urban economics addressing the role of commuting (on, e.g., wages and locational choice) have typically been confined to the use of survey data. Researchers are, however, increasingly getting access to large register databases with detailed information on where individuals live and work. A variety of methods have thus emerged to exploit the geocoded characteristic of the data to calculate commuting measures that go beyond simple Euclidean metrics. These methods involve new techniques that make use of geographic information system (GIS) routing software or application programming interfaces provided by third-party developers. This article provides (i) a brief survey of the small but emerging literature that uses geocoded register data to calculate different commuting measures, (ii) an example on how register-based commuting measures can be constructed along with descriptive evidence on how different commuting measures compare for different socio-economic groups using rich Swedish register data, (iii) a discussion of the pros and cons of different methods and measures, and (iv) a discussion of the potential of using mobile phone data to further improve registerbased commuting measures.
|
|
| 22. |
- Blind, Ina, 1977-
(författare)
-
Essays on Urban Economics
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays.Essay 1 (with Olof Åslund and Matz Dahlberg): In this essay we investigate the impact of commuter train access on individual labor market outcomes. Our study considers the exogenous introduction of a commuter train linking locations in the northern part of Uppsala County (Sweden) to the regional employment center, considerably decreasing commuting times by public transit to the center for those living close to the pre-existing railroad. Using difference-in-differences matching techniques on comprehensive individual panel data spanning over a decade, our intention-to-treat estimates show that the reform had mainly no impact on the earnings and employment development among the affected individuals.Essay 2: In this essay I look into the role of public transit for residential sorting by studying how the introduction of a commuter train linking locations in the northern part of Uppsala County (Sweden) to the regional employment center affected migration patterns in the areas served. Using a difference-in-difference(-in-difference) approach and comprehensive individual level data, I find that the commuter train had a positive effect on overall in-migration to the areas served and no effect on the average out-migration rate from these areas. With regards to sorting based on labor market status, I find no evidence of sorting based on employment status but some evidence that the train introduction increased the probability of moving out of the areas served for individuals with high labor incomes relative to the probability for individuals with lower income. Considering sorting along other lines than labor market status, the analysis suggests that people born in non-western countries came to be particularly attracted towards the areas served by the commuter train as compared to other similar areas.Essay 3: In this essay I look into the relation between housing mix and social mix in metropolitan Stockholm (Sweden) over the period 1990-2008. Using entropy measures, I find that although the distribution of tenure types over metropolitan Stockholm became somewhat more even over the studied period, people living in different tenure types still to a large extent tended to live in different parts of the city in 2008. The degree of residential segregation was much lower between different population groups. I further find that the mix of family types, and over time also of birth region groups and income groups, was rather different between different tenure types in the same municipality. The mix of different groups however tended to be similar within different tenure types in the same neighborhood. While the entropy measures provide a purely descriptive picture, the findings thus suggest that tenure type mix could be more useful for creating social mix at the municipal level than for creating social mix at the neighborhood level.Essay 4 (with Matz Dahlberg): The last decade’s immigration to western European countries has resulted in a culturally and religiously more diverse population in these countries. This diversification manifests itself in several ways, where one is through new features in the cityscape. Using a quasi-experimental approach, essay 4 examines how one such new feature, public calls to prayer, affects neighborhood dynamics (house prices and migration). The quasi-experiment is based on an unexpected political process that lead way to the first public call to prayer from a mosque in Sweden combined with rich (daily) information on housing sales. While our results indicate that the public calls to prayer increased house prices closer to the mosque, we find no evidence that the public calls to prayer served as a driver of residential segregation between natives and people born abroad around the mosque in question (no significant effects on migration behavior). Our findings are consistent with a story where some people have a willingness to pay for the possibility to more fully exert their religion which puts an upward pressure on housing in the vicinity of a mosque with public calls to prayer.
|
|
| 23. |
- Blind, Ina, et al.
(författare)
-
Immigration, new religious symbols, and the dynamics of neighborhoods
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Regional Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 60:5, s. 929-958
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Last decades' non-western immigration to Europe has resulted in culturally and religiously more diverse populations in many countries. One manifestation of this diversification is new features in the cityscape. Using a quasiexperimental approach, in which an unexpected political process that led way to the first public call to prayer from a mosque in Sweden is combined with rich, daily, information on housing sales and detailed monthly information on internal migration, this paper examines how one such new feature affects neighborhood dynamics. While our results indicate that the calls to prayer increased house prices closer to the mosque, we find no evidence of increased residential segregation between natives and immigrants.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Blind, Ina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prisutvecklingen på bostäder i Sverige – en geografisk analys
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 44:4, s. 16-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Döljer de senaste årens prisökning på bostadsmarknaden i Sverige betydelsefulla geografiska variationer? I denna artikel använder vi koordinatsatta data över bostadsrättsförsäljningar i Sverige under åren 2011–15 för att studera frågan. Vi kommer fram till fyra slutsatser: (i) Bostadsrättsprisernas ökning varierar stort såväl mellan olika kommuner och storstadsområden som inom storstadsre-gionerna och de största kommunerna; (ii) Ju lägre initialt pris i ett grannskap, desto högre prisökning i området; (iii) Initialt pris förklarar en stor del av den totala variationen i prisökning mellan grannskap i de större kommunerna och i Storstockholm och Storgöteborg; (iv) Malmöregionen utgör ett undantag från ovan nämnda mönster.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Blomquist, Sören, et al.
(författare)
-
Small sample properties of LIML and jackknife IV estimators: Experiments with weak instruments
- 1999
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS. - : JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD. - 0883-7252. ; 14:1, s. 69-88
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using Monte Carlo simulations we study the small sample performance of the traditional TSLS, the LIML and four new jackknife IV estimators when the instruments are weak. We find that the new estimators and LIML have a smaller bias but a larger variance th
|
|
| 28. |
- Blomquist, Sören, et al.
(författare)
-
The Case Against JIVE: A Comment
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Econometrics. ; 21, s. 839-841
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 29. |
- Borge, Lars-Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
The intertemporal spending behavior of local governments : a comparative analysis of the Scandinavian countries
- 2001
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper investigates the intertemporal spending behavior of Scandinavian local governments with particular attention to liquidity constraints imposed by balanced-budget-rules and other regulations. The main finding is that Danish local governments are more able to smooth current expenditures than their Norwegian and Swedish counterparts. Whereas the permanent-income hypothesis cannot be rejected for Denmark, it is in most cases rejected for Norway and Sweden. The Swedish system of market-based control and the Norwegian system of administrative control seem to produce similar results in terms of consumption smoothing.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Bratu, Cristina, 1988-
(författare)
-
Immigration: Policies, Mobility, and Integration
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay I: Labor immigration is an important tool that countries can use to address labor shortages. The design of labor immigration policies may affect flows and the composition of immigrant workers, which can, in turn, have an effect on firms and workers in the host country. I quantify such effects by studying a major Swedish reform that made it significantly easier for firms to recruit non-Europeans. Using a difference-in-differences setup, I exploit variation in the strictness of immigration rules which affected industries differentially before and after the reform. Treated industries are predominantly lower-skilled, and concentrated in sectors like hotels and restaurants and retail trade sectors. Using linked employer-employee data, I study the effect of the reform on both firm-level and individual-level outcomes. I find that the mean earnings at firms in treated industries unambiguously increase. Firms also seem to take advantage of skill complementarities between natives and immigrants and intensify their overall hiring of high-skilled workers. Moreover, I follow native incumbents' employment and earnings over time and find heterogeneous effects along the skill and age dimensions.Essay II (with Matz Dahlberg, Mattias Engdahl and Till Nikolka): We evaluate the importance of spillover effects of national migration policies by estimating the effect of stricter rules on family reunification in Denmark in 2002 on migration to neighboring countries. We reach two main conclusions. First, we show that stricter rules for reunification lead to a clear and significant increase in emigration of Danish citizens with immigrant background. Most of the emigrants left Denmark for Sweden, a neighboring country in which reunification was possible. Second, we demonstrate that a significant fraction of the individuals that came to Sweden to reunite with a partner left the country again; within two (eight) years around 20% (50%) had left, with the absolute majority leaving for Denmark. Our results indicate that potential spillover effects from national migration policies should be taken into account when forming migration policy.Essay III (with Valentin Bolotnyy): We use administrative Swedish data to show that, conditional on parent income, immigrant children have similar incomes and higher educational attainment in adulthood than native-born Swedes. This result, however, masks the fact that immigrant children born into poor families are more likely than similar natives to both reach the top of the income distribution and to stay at the bottom. Immigrant children from high-income families are also more likely than natives to regress to the economic bottom. Notably, however, children from predominantly-refugee sending countries like Bosnia, Syria, and Iran have higher intergenerational mobility than the average immigrant child in Sweden.Essay IV (with Valentin Bolotnyy): Home ownership is an important indicator of socio-economic status and a good proxy for wealth. We show that on average, children of immigrants are less likely to own their homes than children of natives at age thirty. The difference remains even after we control for socio-economic characteristics, parental background, and municipality of residence. We find that parental background - both in terms of parents' income and education, but also their own home ownership status - is the most important determinant of home ownership in adulthood. We additionally investigate the role of age at arrival on outcomes in adulthood and find a significant negative effect of age at arrival on income and education, which also translates into a lower probability of owning a home in adulthood. However, growing up in a highly-educated family may partly mitigate this negative effect.
|
|
| 32. |
- Bratu, Cristina, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
SNS Analys 86. Spridningseffekter av striktare invandringspolitik
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En striktare nationell migrationspolitik kan leda om migrationsströmmarna till länder med mer generösa regler. I denna rapport visar vipå förekomsten av sådana spridningseffekter genom att analysera hurstriktare regler för familjeåterförening i Danmark påverkar migrations-beteendet. Vi visar att skärpta regler för återförening ledde till en ökademigration till Sverige av danska invånare som påverkades av reformenoch att de faktiskt flyttade av skäl kopplade till familjeåterförening. Allastannade inte permanent i Sverige och en majoritet av de som senareemigrerade från Sverige återvände till Danmark. Våra resultat tyder påatt potentiella spridningseffekter av nationell migrationspolitik kan varabetydande och bör beaktas av beslutsfattare, särskilt i ett integreratekonomiskt område som Europeiska unionen. Annars kommersannolikt en »kapplöpning mot botten« (»race to the bottom«) iutformningen av migrationspolitiken att förverkligas.
|
|
| 33. |
- Bratu, Cristina, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
Spillover effects of stricter immigration policies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Public Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2727 .- 1879-2316. ; 190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide evidence for the existence of spillover effects of national immigration policies by estimating the effect of stricter family reunification rules in Denmark on migration behavior. We reach three main conclusions. Using Danish register data, we first show that stricter rules for reunification led to a clear and significant increase in emigration of Danish citizens with immigrant background. Most of the emigrants left Denmark for Sweden, a neighboring country in which reunification was possible. Next, using Swedish register data, we find that affected individuals emigrating to Sweden actually came for family formation purposes. Finally, we demonstrate that not all individuals that came to Sweden to reunite with a partner stayed in the country; of those leaving, return migration to Denmark was most common. Our results indicate that potential spillover effects from national migration policies should be taken into account when forming migration policy. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Aktivering av socialbidragstagare i Sverige
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Søkelys på arbeidsmarkedet. - Oslo : Institutt for samfunnsforskning. - 0800-6199 .- 1504-7970. ; 25:2, s. 277-289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Antidepressants and the Suicide Rate : Is There Really a Connection?
- 2005
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent research claims that the major part of the observed reduction in suicide rates during the 1990’s can be explained by the increase in the prescription of antidepressants. This conclusion is however based on research that only looks at raw correlations; confounding effects from other variables are not controlled for. Using a rich data set, we reinvestigate the issue. After controlling for other covariates, observed as well as unobserved, that might affect the suicide rate, we find, overall, no statistically significant effects from antidepressants on the suicide rate; when we do get significant effects, they are positive for young persons. Regarding the latter result, more research is needed before any firm policy conclusion can be made.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, 1966-
(författare)
-
Comments on the Finnish Model
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Local public sector in transition. - Helsingfors : Government Institute for Economic Research. - 9789515619372 ; , s. 230-232
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Direct displacement effects of labour market programmes : the case of Sweden
- 1999
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a panel of 260 Swedish municipalities over the period 1987-1996, this paper investigates the direct displacement effects of active labour market programmes (ALMPs). Compared to earlier studies on this topic, we have more and better data. From our GMM estimations, we find that (i) there are direct displacement effects from those ALMPs that generate subsidised labour (in the order of approximately 65 percent), but there seems to be no (significant) displacement effects from training, (ii) most ALMPs seem to increase labour force participation, and (iii) the adjustment to the optimal level of employment seems to be sluggish. A consequence of (ii) is that the earlier studies have overstated the displacement effects (since they normalised with the labour force).
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Dahlberg, Matz, et al.
(författare)
-
Do politicians' preferences correspond to those of the voters : an investigation of political representation
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates to what extent voters and politicians have the same preferences for locally provided welfare services. We make use of two different types of survey questionnaires; one directed towards voters and one directed towards politicians. We reach two main conclusions in the paper. First, we find that politicians have preferences for significantly different spending on locally provided welfare services compared to voters. Second, this difference remains even after controlling for politicians and voters having different socio-economic characteristics. For example, when analyzing female representation, we find that female politicians have significantly different preferences for spending than female voters. One implication of the latter result is that an increase in the ratio of female to male politicians may not be the only way to deal with the desire to increase the political representation of women.
|
|
