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| 5. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(author)
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Denying bogus skepticism in climate change and tourism research.
- 2015
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In: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 352-356
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This final response to the two climate change denial papers by Shani and Arad further highlights the inaccuracies, misinformation and errors in their commentaries. The obfuscation of scientific research and the consensus on anthropogenic climate change may have significant long-term negative consequences for better understanding the implications of climate change and climate policy for tourism and create confusion and delay in developing and implementing tourism sector responses.
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| 6. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(author)
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No time for smokescreen skepticism : A rejoinder to Shani and Arad
- 2015
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In: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 341-347
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a "fashionable" and "highly controversial scientific topic". This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not.
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| 7. |
- Anders, Berntson, et al.
(author)
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Power dependence and accessible bandwidth for dispersion-managed solitons in asymmetric dispersion maps
- 1998
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In: Electronics Letters. - Goteborg, Sweden : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 34:21, s. 2054-2056
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors investigate how the parameters of dispersion managed solitons depend on the asymmetry of the dispersion map. Using the variational approach and numerical simulations it is shown that asymmetric maps can increase the accessible bandwidth in the normal average dispersion regime and equalise the power in adjacent WDM channels.
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| 8. |
- Anders, Berntson, et al.
(author)
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Power dependence of dispersion-managed solitons for anomalous, zero, and normal path-average dispersion
- 1998
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In: Optics Letters. - Goteborg, Sweden : Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 23:12, s. 900-902
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We determine the power dependence of dispersion-managed solitons on map strength and average dispersion, using a combination of numerical simulations and the variational approach. In particular, we investigate the behavior near zero dispersion and identify the region of existence of dispersion-managed solitons in the average normal-dispersion regime.
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| 9. |
- Arif, Muhammad, et al.
(author)
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Integrative transcriptomic analysis of tissue-specific metabolic crosstalk after myocardial infarction
- 2021
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In: Elife. - : eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Myocardial infarction (MI) promotes a range of systemic effects, many of which are unknown. Here, we investigated the alterations associated with MI progression in heart and other metabolically active tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose) in a mouse model of MI (induced by ligating the left ascending coronary artery) and sham-operated mice. We performed a genomewide transcriptomic analysis on tissue samples obtained 6- and 24 hr post MI or sham operation. By generating tissue-specific biological networks, we observed: (1) dysregulation in multiple biological processes (including immune system, mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty-acid beta-oxidation, and RNA and protein processing) across multiple tissues post MI and (2) tissue-specific dysregulation in biological processes in liver and heart post MI. Finally, we validated our findings in two independent MI cohorts. Overall, our integrative analysis highlighted both common and specific biological responses to MI across a range of metabolically active tissues.
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| 11. |
- Di Giglio, A., et al.
(author)
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Towards the distributed core for ubiquitous superfast broadband optical access
- 2014
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In: 2014 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). ; , s. 1-5
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we describe recent architectural and technological advances of the end to end optical network architecture proposed by the DISCUS project (the DIStributed Core for unlimited bandwidth supply for all Users and Services). The two main targets of DISCUS are the principle of equivalence in the access and the reduction of optical-to-electronic conversions in the metro-core network. Technological advances and techno-economic evaluation of Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PON), as well as the optimal metro-core node architecture and the required network control plane framework are reported. Network infrastructure sharing challenges are also discussed.
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| 12. |
- Doran, Matthew H., et al.
(author)
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Three structural solutions for bacterial adhesion pilus stability and superelasticity
- 2023
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In: Structure. - : Elsevier. - 0969-2126 .- 1878-4186.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bacterial adhesion pili are key virulence factors that mediate host-pathogen interactions in diverse epithelial environments. Deploying a multimodal approach, we probed the structural basis underpinning the biophysical properties of pili originating from enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and uropathogenic bacteria. Using cryo-electron microscopy we solved the structures of three vaccine target pili from ETEC bacteria, CFA/I, CS17, and CS20. Pairing these and previous pilus structures with force spectroscopy and steered molecular dynamics simulations, we find a strong correlation between subunit-subunit interaction energies and the force required for pilus unwinding, irrespective of genetic similarity. Pili integrate three structural solutions for stabilizing their assemblies: layer-to-layer interactions, N-terminal interactions to distant subunits, and extended loop interactions from adjacent subunits. Tuning of these structural solutions alters the biophysical properties of pili and promotes the superelastic behavior that is essential for sustained bacterial attachment.
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| 13. |
- Doran, S., et al.
(author)
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Multi-omics approaches for revealing the complexity of cardiovascular disease
- 2021
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In: Briefings in bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1467-5463 .- 1477-4054. ; 22:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) can mainly be attributed to the narrowing of blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis and thrombosis, which induces organ damage that will result in end-organ dysfunction characterized by events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. It is also essential to consider other contributory factors to CVD, including cardiac remodelling caused by cardiomyopathies and co-morbidities with other diseases such as chronic kidney disease. Besides, there is a growing amount of evidence linking the gut microbiota to CVD through several metabolic pathways. Hence, it is of utmost importance to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these disease states to elucidate the development and progression of CVD. A wide array of systems biology approaches incorporating multi-omics data have emerged as an invaluable tool in establishing alterations in specific cell types and identifying modifications in signalling events that promote disease development. Here, we review recent studies that apply multi-omics approaches to further understand the underlying causes of CVD and provide possible treatment strategies by identifying novel drug targets and biomarkers. We also discuss very recent advances in gut microbiota research with an emphasis on how diet and microbial composition can impact the development of CVD. Finally, we present various biological network analyses and other independent studies that have been employed for providing mechanistic explanation and developing treatment strategies for end-stage CVD, namely myocardial infarction and stroke.
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| 15. |
- Hamlett, Eric D., et al.
(author)
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Neuronal exosomes reveal Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in Down syndrome
- 2017
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In: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Elsevier. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 13:5, s. 541-549
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and dementia early in life. Blood biomarkers of AD neuropathology would be valuable, as non-AD intellectual disabilities of DS and AD dementia overlap clinically. We hypothesized that elevations of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and phosphorylated-tau in neuronal exosomes may document preclinical AD.METHODS: AD neuropathogenic proteins Aβ1-42, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in extracts of neuronal exosomes purified from blood of individuals with DS and age-matched controls.RESULTS: Neuronal exosome levels of Aβ1-42, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau were significantly elevated in individuals with DS compared with age-matched controls at all ages beginning in childhood. No significant gender differences were observed.DISCUSSION: These early increases in Aβ1-42, P-T181-tau, and P-S396-tau in individuals with DS may provide a basis for early intervention as targeted treatments become available.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Lam, S., et al.
(author)
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Addressing the heterogeneity in liver diseases using biological networks
- 2021
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In: Briefings in Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1467-5463 .- 1477-4054. ; 22:2, s. 1751-1766
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The abnormalities in human metabolism have been implicated in the progression of several complex human diseases, including certain cancers. Hence, deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with metabolic reprogramming in a disease state can greatly assist in elucidating the disease aetiology. An invaluable tool for establishing connections between global metabolic reprogramming and disease development is the genome-scale metabolic model (GEM). Here, we review recent work on the reconstruction of cell/tissue-type and cancer-specific GEMs and their use in identifying metabolic changes occurring in response to liver disease development, stratification of the heterogeneous disease population and discovery of novel drug targets and biomarkers. We also discuss how GEMs can be integrated with other biological networks for generating more comprehensive cell/tissue models. In addition, we review the various biological network analyses that have been employed for the development of efficient treatment strategies. Finally, we present three case studies in which independent studies converged on conclusions underlying liver disease.
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| 18. |
- Lee, Ho-Hsien, et al.
(author)
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Expression, purification and crystallization of CTB-MPR, a candidate mucosal vaccine component against HIV-1
- 2014
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In: IUCrJ. - 2052-2525. ; 1:5, s. 305-317
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- CTB-MPR is a fusion protein between the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) andthe membrane-proximal region of gp41 (MPR), the transmembrane envelopeprotein ofHuman immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1), and has previously beenshown to induce the production of anti-HIV-1 antibodies with antiviralfunctions. To further improve the design of this candidate vaccine, X-raycrystallography experiments were performed to obtain structural informationabout this fusion protein. Several variants of CTB-MPR were designed,constructed and recombinantly expressed inEscherichia coli. The first variantcontained a flexible GPGP linker between CTB and MPR, and yielded crystalsthat diffracted to a resolution of 2.3 A ̊, but only the CTB region was detectedin the electron-density map. A second variant, in which the CTB was directlyattached to MPR, was shown to destabilize pentamer formation. A thirdconstruct containing a polyalanine linker between CTB and MPR proved tostabilize the pentameric form of the protein during purification. The purificationprocedure was shown to produce a homogeneously pure and monodispersesample for crystallization. Initial crystallization experiments led to pseudo-crystals which were ordered in only two dimensions and were disordered inthe third dimension. Nanocrystals obtained using the same precipitant showedpromising X-ray diffraction to 5 A ̊resolution in femtosecond nanocrystallo-graphy experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source at the SLAC NationalAccelerator Laboratory. The results demonstrate the utility of femtosecondX-ray crystallography to enable structural analysis based on nano/microcrystalsof a protein for which no macroscopic crystals ordered in three dimensions havebeen observed before.
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| 19. |
- Nijhot, J. H. B., et al.
(author)
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Energy enhancement of dispersion-managed solitons and WDM
- 1998
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In: Electronics Letters. - Goteborg, Sweden : Chalmers Tekniska Hogskola. - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 34:5, s. 481-482
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It is shown that for very strong dispersion management, the energy enhancement depends not only on the dispersion map strength, but also on the ratio between the dispersion difference and the average dispersion. In WDM systems operating near zero average dispersion, this dependence can be exploited to almost equalise the energy per channel.
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| 20. |
- Ogunbode, Charles, et al.
(author)
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Climate anxiety, wellbeing and pro-environmental action : Correlates of negative emotional responses to climate change in 32 countries
- 2022
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In: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Academic Press. - 0272-4944 .- 1522-9610. ; 84
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study explored the correlates of climate anxiety in a diverse range of national contexts. We analysed cross-sectional data gathered in 32 countries (N = 12,246). Our results show that climate anxiety is positively related to rate of exposure to information about climate change impacts, the amount of attention people pay to climate change information, and perceived descriptive norms about emotional responding to climate change. Climate anxiety was also positively linked to pro-environmental behaviours and inversely related to mental wellbeing. Notably, climate anxiety had a significant inverse association with mental wellbeing in 31 out of 32 countries, and with pro-environmental behaviour in 24 countries, it only predicted environmental activism in 12 countries. Our findings highlight contextual boundaries to engagement in environmental action as an antidote to climate anxiety, and the broad international significance of negative climate-related emotions as a plausible threat to wellbeing.
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| 21. |
- Ruffini, M., et al.
(author)
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Access and metro network convergence for flexible end-to-end network design [invited]
- 2017
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In: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1943-0620 .- 1943-0639. ; 9:6, s. 524-535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on the architectural, protocol, physical layer, and integrated testbed demonstrations carried out by the DISCUS FP7 consortium in the area of access-metro network convergence. Our architecture modeling results show the vast potential for cost and power savings that node consolidation can bring. The architecture, however, also recognizes the limits of long-reach transmission for low-latency 5G services and proposes ways to address such shortcomings in future projects. The testbed results, which have been conducted end-toend, across access-metro and core, and have targeted all the layers of the network from the application down to the physical layer, show the practical feasibility of the concepts proposed in the project.
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| 22. |
- Ruffini, M, et al.
(author)
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DISCUS : The Distributed Core For Ubiquitous Broadband Access
- 2013
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In: Future Network and MobileSummit 2013.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new end to end architecture based on Long-Reach Passive OpticalNetwork (LR-PON) with wireless integration, a distributed core built of opticaltransparency islands and an OpenFlow-based control plane, which is beingdeveloped in the EU project DISCUS, is described in this paper. The maintechnological advances and the network modelling and optimization approach arereported.
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| 23. |
- Ruffini, M., et al.
(author)
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DISCUS : An End-to-End Solution for Ubiquitous Broadband Optical Access
- 2014
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In: IEEE Communications Magazine. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 52:2, s. S24-S32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fiber to the premises has promised to increase the capacity in telecommunications access networks for well over 30 years. While it is widely recognized that optical-fiber-based access networks will be a necessity in the shortto medium-term future, its large upfront cost and regulatory issues are pushing many operators to further postpone its deployment, while installing intermediate unambitious solutions such as fiber to the cabinet. Such high investment cost of both network access and core capacity upgrade often derives from poor planning strategies that do not consider the necessity to adequately modify the network architecture to fully exploit the cost benefit that a fiber-centric solution can bring. DISCUS is a European Framework 7 Integrated Project that, building on optical-centric solutions such as long-reach passive optical access and flat optical core, aims to deliver a cost-effective architecture for ubiquitous broadband services. DISCUS analyzes, designs, and demonstrates end-to-end architectures and technologies capable of saving cost and energy by reducing the number of electronic terminations in the network and sharing the deployment costs among a larger number of users compared to current fiber access systems. This article describes the network architecture and the supporting technologies behind DISCUS, giving an overview of the concepts and methodologies that will be used to deliver our end-to-end network solution.
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| 24. |
- Sutherland, William J., et al.
(author)
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A Horizon Scan of Global Conservation Issues for 2016
- 2016
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In: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 31:1, s. 44-53
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents the results of our seventh annual horizon scan, in which we aimed to identify issues that could have substantial effects on global biological diversity in the future, but are not currently widely well known or understood within the conservation community. Fifteen issues were identified by a team that included researchers, practitioners, professional horizon scanners, and journalists. The topics include use of managed bees as transporters of biological control agents, artificial superintelligence, electric pulse trawling, testosterone in the aquatic environment, building artificial oceanic islands, and the incorporation of ecological civilization principles into government policies in China.
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| 25. |
- Svensson, H., et al.
(author)
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Feasibility study using MRI and two optical CT scanners for readout of polymer gel and Presage (TM)
- 2013
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In: 7th International Conference on 3D Radiation Dosimetry (IC3DDose). - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 444, s. 012079-012079
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the conventional combination of three-dimensional dosimeter (nPAG gel) and readout method (MRI) with other combinations of three-dimensional dosimeters (nPAG gel/Presage (TM)) and readout methods (optical CT scanners). In the first experiment, the dose readout of a gel irradiated with a four field-box technique was performed with both an Octopus IQ scanner and MRI. It was seen that the MRI readout agreed slightly better to the TPS. In another experiment, a gel and a Presage (TM) sample were irradiated with a VMAT field and read out using MRI and a fast laser scanner, respectively. A comparison between the TPS and the volumes revealed that the MRI/gel readout had closer resemblance to the TPS than the optical CT/Presage (TM) readout. There are clearly potential in the evaluated optical CT scanners, but more time has to be invested in the particular scanning scenario than was possible in this study.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Thorek, Daniel L J, et al.
(author)
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Internalization of secreted antigen-targeted antibodies by the neonatal Fc receptor for precision imaging of the androgen receptor axis
- 2016
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In: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 8:367
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Targeting the androgen receptor (AR) pathway prolongs survival in patients with prostate cancer, but resistance rapidly develops. Understanding this resistance is confounded by a lack of noninvasive means to assess AR activity in vivo. We report intracellular accumulation of a secreted antigen-targeted antibody (SATA) that can be used to characterize disease, guide therapy, and monitor response. AR-regulated human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (free hK2) is a prostate tissue-specific antigen produced in prostate cancer and androgen-stimulated breast cancer cells. Fluorescent and radio conjugates of 11B6, an antibody targeting free hK2, are internalized and noninvasively report AR pathway activity in metastatic and genetically engineered models of cancer development and treatment. Uptake is mediated by a mechanism involving the neonatal Fc receptor. Humanized 11B6, which has undergone toxicological tests in nonhuman primates, has the potential to improve patient management in these cancers. Furthermore, cellspecific SATA uptake may have a broader use for molecularly guided diagnosis and therapy in other cancers.
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