| 1. |
- Dunham, I, et al.
(författare)
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The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 402:6761, s. 489-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Klonoff, D. C., et al.
(författare)
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A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1932-2968.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A composite metric for the quality of glycemia from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tracings could be useful for assisting with basic clinical interpretation of CGM data. Methods: We assembled a data set of 14-day CGM tracings from 225 insulin-treated adults with diabetes. Using a balanced incomplete block design, 330 clinicians who were highly experienced with CGM analysis and interpretation ranked the CGM tracings from best to worst quality of glycemia. We used principal component analysis and multiple regressions to develop a model to predict the clinician ranking based on seven standard metrics in an Ambulatory Glucose Profile: very low–glucose and low-glucose hypoglycemia; very high–glucose and high-glucose hyperglycemia; time in range; mean glucose; and coefficient of variation. Results: The analysis showed that clinician rankings depend on two components, one related to hypoglycemia that gives more weight to very low-glucose than to low-glucose and the other related to hyperglycemia that likewise gives greater weight to very high-glucose than to high-glucose. These two components should be calculated and displayed separately, but they can also be combined into a single Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) that corresponds closely to the clinician rankings of the overall quality of glycemia (r = 0.95). The GRI can be displayed graphically on a GRI Grid with the hypoglycemia component on the horizontal axis and the hyperglycemia component on the vertical axis. Diagonal lines divide the graph into five zones (quintiles) corresponding to the best (0th to 20th percentile) to worst (81st to 100th percentile) overall quality of glycemia. The GRI Grid enables users to track sequential changes within an individual over time and compare groups of individuals. Conclusion: The GRI is a single-number summary of the quality of glycemia. Its hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia components provide actionable scores and a graphical display (the GRI Grid) that can be used by clinicians and researchers to determine the glycemic effects of prescribed and investigational treatments.
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| 3. |
- Fossum, E., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension taking aspirin: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study
- 2005
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Ingår i: J Am Coll Cardiol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097. ; 46:5, s. 770-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We conducted a subgroup analysis in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study to determine whether aspirin interacted with the properties of losartan, an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist. BACKGROUND: Negative interactions between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin have been reported. There are no data reported from clinical trials about possible interactions between angiotensin-II receptor antagonists and aspirin. METHODS: The LIFE study assigned 9,193 patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to losartan- or atenolol-based therapy for a mean of 4.7 years, with 1,970 (21.4%) taking aspirin at baseline. The primary composite end point (CEP) included cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI). The present cohort was stratified by aspirin use at baseline. RESULTS: Blood pressures were reduced similarly in the losartan with aspirin (n = 1,004) and atenolol with aspirin (n = 966) groups. The CEP was reduced by 32% (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.86, p = 0.001) with losartan with aspirin compared to atenolol with aspirin, adjusted for Framingham risk score and LVH. The test for treatment versus aspirin interaction, excluding other covariates, was significant for the CEP (p = 0.016) and MI (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: There was a statistical interaction between treatment and aspirin in the LIFE study, with significantly greater reductions for the CEP and MI with losartan in patients using aspirin than in patients not using aspirin at baseline. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this represents a pharmacologic interaction or a selection by aspirin use of patients more likely to respond to losartan treatment.
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| 4. |
- Fyhrquist, F., et al.
(författare)
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Pulse pressure and effects of losartan or atenolol in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 45:4, s. 580-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study, the primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, stroke, and myocardial infarction was reduced by losartan versus atenolol in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The objective of this post hoc analysis was to determine the influence of pulse pressure on outcome. Patients were divided into quartiles of baseline pulse pressure. Cox regression, including baseline Framingham risk score as a covariate, was used to compare risk in the quartiles. In the atenolol group, there were significantly higher risks in the highest versus lowest quartile for the composite end point 28% (confidence interval [CI], 2% to 62%; P=0.035), stroke 84% (CI, 32% to 157%; P<0.001), and total mortality 41% (CI, 7% to 84%; P=0.013). Risk for myocardial infarction was 44% higher (CI, -5% to 120%; P=0.089). The risks in the losartan group also increased with increasing quartile, but were lower than in the atenolol group, and differences between the highest and lowest quartiles were not significant: composite end point 12% (CI, -13% to 44%; P>0.2), stroke -5% (CI, -34% to 37%; P>0.2), myocardial infarction 30% (CI, -13% to 94%; P>0.2), and total mortality 32% (CI, -1% to 76%; P=0.062). In patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in the LIFE study, there were significantly higher risks, adjusted for the Framingham risk score, for the primary composite end point, stroke, and total mortality in the highest versus lowest quartile of pulse pressure with atenolol-based treatment. The risks in the losartan group also increased with increasing pulse pressure quartile, but were lower than those in the atenolol group, and were not significant.
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| 5. |
- Kizer, J. R., et al.
(författare)
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Stroke reduction in hypertensive adults with cardiac hypertrophy randomized to losartan versus atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 45:1, s. 46-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study showed that treatment with the angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist losartan reduces overall stroke risk compared with conventional therapy with the beta-blocker atenolol. We conducted secondary analyses in LIFE to determine the extent to which the cerebrovascular benefits of losartan apply to different clinical subgroups and stroke subtypes and to assess the dependence of these benefits on baseline and time-varying covariates. Among 9193 hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, random allocation to losartan-based treatment lowered the risk of fatal (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 0.96; P=0.032) and atherothrombotic stroke (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.88; P=0.001) compared with atenolol-based therapy. Although comparable risk reductions occurred for hemorrhagic and embolic stroke, these were not statistically significant. The number of neurological deficits per stroke was similar, but there were fewer strokes in the losartan group for nearly every level of stroke severity. Effects were consistent in all clinical subgroups except for those defined by age and ethnicity. The benefits of losartan on all strokes were independent of baseline and time-varying risk factors, including blood pressure. The number needed to treat for 5 years to prevent 1 stroke was 54 for the average participant, declining to 25, 24, and 9 for patients with cerebrovascular disease, isolated systolic hypertension, and atrial fibrillation, respectively. In conclusion, substantial cerebrovascular benefit could be realized with the institution of losartan-based therapy over conventional therapy among hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy across the spectrum of cardiovascular risk.
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| 6. |
- Julius, S., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Am Coll Cardiol. - 0735-1097. ; 43:6, s. 1047-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We report on a subanalysis of the effects of losartan and atenolol on cardiovascular events in black patients in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. BACKGROUND: The LIFE study compared losartan-based to atenolol-based therapy in 9,193 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Overall, the risk of the primary composite end point (cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction) was reduced by 13% (p = 0.021) with losartan, with similar blood pressure (BP) reduction in both treatment groups. There was a suggestion of interaction between ethnic background and treatment (p = 0.057). METHODS: Exploratory analyses were performed that placed LIFE study patients into black (n = 533) and non-black (n = 8,660) categories, overall, and in the U.S. (African American [n = 523]; non-black [n = 1,184]). RESULTS: A significant interaction existed between the dichotomized groups (black/non-black) and treatment (p = 0.005); a test for qualitative interaction was also significant (p = 0.016). The hazard ratio (losartan relative to atenolol) for the primary end point favored atenolol in black patients (1.666 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.043 to 2.661]; p = 0.033) and favored losartan in non-blacks (0.829 [95% CI 0.733 to 0.938]; p = 0.003). In black patients, BP reduction was similar in both groups, and regression of electrocardiographic-LVH was greater with losartan. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the subanalysis are sufficient to generate the hypothesis that black patients with hypertension and LVH might not respond as favorably to losartan-based treatment as non-black patients with respect to cardiovascular outcomes, and do not support a recommendation for losartan as a first-line treatment for this purpose. The subanalysis is limited by the relatively small number of events.
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| 7. |
- Okin, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events
- 2004
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Ingår i: Jama. - 1538-3598. ; 292:19, s. 2343-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. However, the predictive value of changes in the magnitude of electrocardiographic LVH criteria during antihypertensive therapy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that lesser severity of electrocardiographic LVH during antihypertensive treatment is associated with decreased CV morbidity and mortality, independent of blood pressure levels and reduction and treatment modality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study conducted in 1995-2001 among 9193 men and women with hypertension aged 55 through 80 years (mean, 67 years), with electrocardiographic LVH by Cornell voltage-duration product or Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria and enrolled in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. INTERVENTIONS: Losartan- or atenolol-based treatment regimens, with follow-up assessments for at least 4 (mean, 4.8 [SD, 0.9]) years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Composite end point of CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke in relation to severity of electrocardiographic LVH determined at baseline and on subsequent electrocardiograms obtained at 1 or more annual revisits. RESULTS: Cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, or stroke occurred in 1096 patients (11.9%). In Cox regression models controlling for treatment type, baseline Framingham risk score, baseline and in-treatment blood pressure, and severity of baseline electrocardiographic LVH by Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage, less-severe in-treatment LVH by Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage were associated with 14% and 17% lower rates, respectively, of the composite CV end point (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.90; P<.001 for every 1050-mm x ms [1-SD] decrease in Cornell product; and HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.88; P<.001 for every 10.5-mm [1-SD] decrease in Sokolow-Lyon voltage). In parallel analyses, lower Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage were each independently associated with lower risks of CV mortality (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.83; P<.001; and HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87; P<.001, respectively), MI (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98; P=.01; and HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-1.00; P = .04), and stroke (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96; P=.002; and HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.89; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Less-severe electrocardiographic LVH by Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria during antihypertensive therapy is associated with lower likelihoods of CV morbidity and mortality, independent of blood pressure lowering and treatment modality in persons with essential hypertension. Antihypertensive therapy targeted at regression or prevention of electrocardiographic LVH may improve prognosis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Okin, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of diabetes mellitus on regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and the prediction of outcome during antihypertensive therapy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) Reduction in Hypertension Study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 113:12, s. 1588-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and with greater ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); however, it is unclear whether diabetes attenuates regression of hypertensive LVH and whether regression of ECG LVH has similar prognostic value in diabetic and nondiabetic hypertensive individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 9193 hypertensive patients (1195 with diabetes) in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) Reduction in Hypertension Study were treated with losartan- or atenolol-based regimens and followed up with serial ECG and blood pressure determinations at baseline and 6 months and then yearly until death or study end. ECG LVH was defined with gender-adjusted Cornell voltage-duration product (CP) criteria >2440 mm . ms. After a mean follow-up of 4.8+/-0.9 years, patients with diabetes had less regression of CP LVH (-138+/-866 versus -204+/-854 mm . ms, P<0.001), remained more likely to have LVH by CP (56.0% versus 48.1%, P<0.001), and had higher rates of CV death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality and of the LIFE composite end point of CV death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, in-treatment regression or absence of ECG LVH by CP was associated with between 17% and 35% reductions in event rates in patients without diabetes but did not significantly predict outcome in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertensive patients with diabetes have less regression of CP LVH in response to antihypertensive therapy than patients without diabetes, and regression of ECG LVH is less useful as a surrogate marker of outcomes in hypertensive patients with diabetes. These findings may in part explain the higher CV morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with diabetes, and the absence of a demonstrable improvement in prognosis in diabetic patients in response to regression of ECG LVH suggests a more complex interrelation between underlying LV structural and functional abnormalities and outcome in these patients.
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| 16. |
- Okin, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension
- 2006
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Ingår i: Jama. - Chicago : American medical association. - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 296:10, s. 1242-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events, particularly stroke, making prevention of new-onset AF a clinical priority. Although the presence and severity of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) appear to predict development of AF, whether regression of electrocardiographic LVH is associated with a decreased incidence of AF is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that in-treatment regression or continued absence of electrocardiographic LVH during antihypertensive therapy is associated with a decreased incidence of AF, independent of blood pressure and treatment modality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study conducted in 1995-2001 among 8831 men and women with hypertension, aged 55-80 years (median, 67 years), with electrocardiographic LVH by Cornell voltage-duration product or Sokolow-Lyon voltage, with no history of AF, without AF on the baseline electrocardiogram, and enrolled in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. INTERVENTIONS: Losartan- or atenolol-based treatment regimens, with follow-up assessments at 6 months and then yearly until death or study end. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: New-onset AF in relation to electrocardiographic LVH determined at baseline and subsequently. Electrocardiographic LVH was measured using sex-adjusted Cornell product criteria ({R(aVL) + S(V3) [+ 6 mm in women]} x QRS duration). RESULTS: After a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.7 (1.1) years, new-onset AF occurred in 290 patients with in-treatment regression or continued absence of Cornell product LVH for a rate of 14.9 per 1000 patient-years and in 411 patients with in-treatment persistence or development of LVH by Cornell product criteria for a rate of 19.0 per 1000 patient-years. In time-dependent Cox analyses adjusted for treatment effects, baseline differences in risk factors for AF, baseline and in-treatment blood pressure, and baseline severity of electrocardiographic LVH, lower in-treatment Cornell product LVH treated as a time-varying covariate was associated with a 12.4% lower rate of new-onset AF (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97; P = .007) for every 1050 mm x msec (per 1-SD) lower Cornell product, with persistence of the benefit of losartan vs atenolol therapy on developing AF (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.97; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Lower Cornell product electrocardiographic LVH during antihypertensive therapy is associated with a lower likelihood of new-onset AF, independent of blood pressure lowering and treatment modality in essential hypertension. These findings suggest that antihypertensive therapy targeted at regression or prevention of electrocardiographic LVH may reduce the incidence of new-onset AF.
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| 17. |
- Carr, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Hospitalizations for new heart failure among subjects with diabetes mellitus in the RENAAL and LIFE studies
- 2005
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Ingår i: Am J Cardiol. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9149. ; 96:11, s. 1530-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sought to study the risk factors for heart failure (HF) and the relation between antihypertensive treatment with losartan and the first hospitalization for HF in patients with diabetes mellitus in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) and Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) studies. We evaluated 1,195 patients with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diabetes from the LIFE study and 1,513 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy from the RENAAL study. The comparative treatments were atenolol in the LIFE study and placebo in the RENAAL study. Patients with a history of HF were excluded from this analysis. Losartan significantly reduced the incidence of first hospitalizations for HF versus placebo in the RENAAL study (hazard ratio 0.74, p=0.037) and versus atenolol in the LIFE study (hazard ratio 0.57, p=0.019). Patients enrolled in the RENAAL study were at a higher risk of developing HF (hazard ratio for RENAAL vs LIFE diabetics 3.0, p<0.0001). The significant, independent baseline risk factors for the development of HF in the RENAAL study were urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, age, peripheral vascular disease, the Cornell product, body mass index, and previous angina; in the LIFE study they were the Cornell product, previous myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, baseline atrial fibrillation, alcohol use (inverse relation), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. The beneficial effect of losartan on the reduction of risk for hospitalization for new HF was demonstrated in patients who were at high renal and/or high cardiovascular risk.
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| 18. |
- Gunbina, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Spectral Response of Arrays of Half-wave and Electrically Small Antennas with SINIS Bolometers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics of the Solid State. - 1063-7834 .- 1090-6460. ; 62:9, s. 1604-1611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two types arrays of annular half-wave and electrically small antennas with typical sizes of the elements corresponding to 1/10 of the wavelength at SubTHz band with integrated superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) bolometers have been developed, fabricated and experimentally studied. We performed numerical modeling of the full structure and use additional reference channels in experimental studies to enhance the accuracy of the spectral response estimations of receiving arrays. In experiments three reference channels were used for normalization of the spectral response: a pyroelectric detector outside the cryostat, and two cold channels-a RuO(2)bolometer and on-chip thermometer comprising series array of NIS-junctions.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Lemzyakov, S., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental study of a SINIS detector response time at 350 GHz signal frequency
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 969:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Response time constant of a SINIS bolometer integrated in an annular ring antenna was measured at a bath temperature of 100 mK. Samples comprising superconducting aluminium electrodes and normal-metal Al/Fe strip connected to electrodes via tunnel junctions were fabricated on oxidized Si substrate using shadow evaporation. The bolometer was illuminated by a fast black-body radiation source through a band-pass filter centered at 350 GHz with a passband of 7 GHz. Radiation source is a thin NiCr film on sapphire substrate. For rectangular 10÷100 μs current pulse the radiation front edge was rather sharp due to low thermal capacitance of NiCr film and low thermal conductivity of substrate at temperatures in the range 1-4 K. The rise time of the response was ∼1-10 μs. This time presumably is limited by technical reasons: high dynamic resistance of series array of bolometers and capacitance of a long twisted pair wiring from SINIS bolometer to a room-Temperature amplifier.
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| 21. |
- Okin, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in relation to changing heart rate during treatment of hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - 0195-668X. ; 31:18, s. 2271-2279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although higher heart rate (HR) at baseline has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality, the relationship of in-treatment HR over time to mortality in hypertensive patients with ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has not been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Heart rate was evaluated over time in 9190 hypertensive patients treated with losartan- or atenolol-based regimens and followed with annual ECGs. During a mean follow-up of 4.8 +/- 0.9 years, 814 patients (8.9%) died, 438 (4.8%) from CV causes. In univariate Cox analyses, every 10 bpm higher HR on in-treatment ECGs was associated with a 25% increased risk of CV death [95% confidence interval (CI): 14-32%] and a 27% greater risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 21-34%). In an alternative analysis, persistence or development of a HR >/= 84 bpm (upper quintile of baseline HR) was associated with an 89% greater risk of CV death (95% CI: 49-141%) and a 97% increased risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 65-135%). After adjusting for treatment with losartan vs. atenolol, baseline risk factors for death, baseline HR, baseline and in-treatment systolic and diastolic pressure, incident myocardial infarction, and the known predictive value of baseline and in-treatment QRS duration and ECG LVH, higher in-treatment HR in time-varying multivariable Cox models remained strongly predictive of mortality: every 10 bpm higher HR was associated with a 16% increased adjusted risk of CV mortality (95% CI: 6-27%) and a 25% greater risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 17-33%), with persistence or development of a HR >/= 84 associated with a 55% greater risk of CV death (95% CI: 16-105%) and a 79% greater adjusted risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 46-121%). CONCLUSION: Higher in-treatment HR on serial ECGs predicts greater likelihood of subsequent CV or all-cause mortality, independent of treatment modality, blood pressure lowering, regression of ECG LVH and changing QRS duration in hypertensive patients with ECG LVH. These findings support the value of serial assessment of HR for improved risk stratification in hypertensive patients. Clinical trials registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00338260?order=1cp.
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| 22. |
- Okin, P. M., et al.
(författare)
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Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with less hospitalization for heart failure in hypertensive patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ann Intern Med. - 1539-3704. ; 147:5, s. 311-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reduction of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been associated with decreased cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation. However, whether reduction of electrocardiographic LVH is associated with decreased heart failure is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of reduction of electrocardiographic LVH to incident heart failure. DESIGN: Multicenter cohort study derived from a randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. PATIENTS: 8479 hypertensive patients without history of heart failure who were randomly assigned to losartan or atenolol treatment. MEASUREMENTS: Change in Cornell product electrocardiographic LVH between baseline and in-study electrocardiograms, examined as both a continuous variable and a dichotomous variable (above or below the median decrease of 236 mm x msec) to predict heart failure hospitalization occurring after the 6-month follow-up visit. RESULTS: During mean follow-up of 4.7 years (SD, 1.1 years), 214 patients were hospitalized for heart failure (2.5%): 77 patients with an in-treatment decrease of 236 mm x msec or more (4.4 per 1000 patient-years) and 137 patients with a reduction less than 236 mm x msec during treatment (6.8 per 1000 patient-years). In a univariate Cox analysis in which change in Cornell product was treated as a time-varying continuous variable, decrease in Cornell product during treatment was associated with a decreased risk for new-onset heart failure, with a 24% lower risk for heart failure for every 817-mm x msec (1 SD of the mean) lower Cornell product (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.72 to 0.80]). In a parallel analysis in which change in Cornell product was entered as a time-varying dichotomous variable, a greater-than-median in-treatment decrease in Cornell product (236 mm x msec) was associated with a 43% lower risk for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.57 [CI, 0.44 to 0.76]). After adjustment for treatment, baseline risk factors for heart failure, baseline and in-treatment blood pressure, and baseline severity of electrocardiographic LVH, in-treatment decrease of Cornell product LVH in time-varying multivariate Cox models remained strongly associated with new heart failure hospitalization, with a 19% lower risk for every 817-mm . msec lower Cornell product treated as a continuous variable (hazard ratio, 0.81 [CI, 0.77 to 0.85]) or a 36% decreased rate of new heart failure in patients with an in-treatment reduction in Cornell product of 236 mm x msec or more (hazard ratio, 0.64 [CI, 0.47 to 0.89]; P < 0.001 for all comparisons). LIMITATIONS: Use of electrocardiographic LVH to select patients may have increased risk compared with unselected hypertensive patients, and use of hospitalization for heart failure as the end point will underestimate the incidence of new heart failure. CONCLUSION: Reduction in Cornell product electrocardiographic LVH during antihypertensive therapy is associated with fewer hospitalizations for heart failure, independent of blood pressure lowering, treatment method, and other risk factors for heart failure. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00338260.
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| 23. |
- Schnell, O, et al.
(författare)
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CVOT Summit 2022 Report: new cardiovascular, kidney, and glycemic outcomes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular diabetology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2840. ; 22:1, s. 59-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 8th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit on Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Glycemic Outcomes was held virtually on November 10–12, 2022. Following the tradition of previous summits, this reference congress served as a platform for in-depth discussion and exchange on recently completed outcomes trials as well as key trials important to the cardiovascular (CV) field. This year’s focus was on the results of the DELIVER, EMPA-KIDNEY and SURMOUNT-1 trials and their implications for the treatment of heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and obesity with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. A broad audience of primary care physicians, diabetologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, and nephrologists participated online in discussions on new consensus recommendations and guideline updates on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CKD management, overcoming clinical inertia, glycemic markers, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), novel insulin preparations, combination therapy, and reclassification of T2D. The impact of cardiovascular outcomes on the design of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) trials, as well as the impact of real-world evidence (RWE) studies on the confirmation of CVOT outcomes and clinical trial design, were also intensively discussed. The 9th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Summit will be held virtually on November 23–24, 2023 (http://www.cvot.org).
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| 24. |
- Tarasov, M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Power load dependencies of cold electron bolometer optical response at 350 ghz
- 2014
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Ingår i: 25th International Sympsoium on Space Terahertz Technology, ISSTT 2014; Moscow; Russian Federation; 27 April 2014 through 30 April 2014. ; , s. 35-41
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold electron bolometers integrated with twin-slot antennas have been designed and fabricated. Optical response was measured in 0.06-0.6 K temperature range using black body radiation source at temperature 2-15 K. The responsivity of 0.3109 V/W was measured at 2.7 K radiation temperature. The estimated ultimate dark responsivity at 100 mK can approach Sv=1010 V/W and reduces down to 1.1108 V/W at 300 mK for the sample with absorber volume of 510-20 m3. At high power load levels and low temperatures the changes of tunneling current, dynamic resistance and voltage response have been explained by non-thermal energy distribution of excited electrons. Distribution of excited electrons in such system is of none-Fermi type, electrons with energies of the order of 1 K tunnel from normal metal absorber to superconductor instead of relaxing down to thermal energy kTe. This effect can reduce quantum efficiency of bolometer from hf/kTph in ideal case down to single electron per signal quantum in the high power case.
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| 25. |
- Tarasov, Mikhail, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Cryogenic Mimim and Simis Microwave Detectors
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 7th All-Russian Microwave Conference, RMC 2020. ; , s. 25-27
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microwave detectors of the Metal-Insulator-Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIMIM) structure and the Superconductor-Insulator-Metal-Insulator-Superconductor (SIMIS) structure have been designed, fabricated and investigated. The difference of such samples was in external electrodes, MIMIM uses copper external electrodes, while SIMIS uses aluminum. Identical in dimensions MIMIM and SIMIS samples have been fabricated and experimentally studied in the temperature range of 0.1-2.7 K. Voltage and current response were measured at 300 GHz external irradiation using Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO). According to our estimates, the MIMIM current responsivity is 1.1·103 A/W in the case of a photon response and 4·104 A/W in the case of a bolometric response. The estimated noise equivalent power is in the range 2.5·10 18 W/v Hz to 1.2·10-19 W/vHz.
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| 26. |
- Tarasov, Mikhail, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Electrical and optical properties of a bolometer with a suspended absorber and tunneling-current thermometers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 110:24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a bolometer with a suspended normal-metal absorber connected to superconducting leads via tunneling barriers. Such an absorber has reduced heat losses to the substrate, which greatly increases the responsivity of the bolometer to over 10(9) V/W at 75 mK when measured by dc Joule heating of the absorber. For high-frequency experiments, the bolometers have been integrated in planar twin-slot and log-periodic antennas. At 300GHz and 100 mK, the bolometer demonstrates the voltage and current response of 3 x 10(8) V/W and 1.1 x 10(4) A/W, respectively, corresponding to the quantum efficiency of similar to 15 electrons per photon. An effective thermalization of electrons in the absorber favors the high quantum efficiency. We also report on how the in-plane-and transverse magnetic fields influence the device characteristics.
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| 27. |
- Tarasov, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Non-Thermal Absorption and Quantum Efficiency of SINIS Bolometer
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. - 1558-2515 .- 1051-8223. ; 31:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study mechanisms of absorption in two essentially different types of superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) bolometers with absorber directly placed on Si wafer and with absorber suspended above the substrate. The figure of merit for quantum photon absorption is quantum efficiency equal to the number of detected electrons for one photon. The efficiency of absorption is dramatically dependent on phonon losses to substrate and electrodes, and electron energy losses to electrodes through tunnel junctions. The maximum quantum efficiency can approach n = hf/kT = 160 at f = 350 GHz T = 0.1 K, and current responsivity dI/dP = e/kT in quantum gain bolometer case, contrary to photon counter mode with quantum efficiency of n = 1 and responsivity dI/dP = e/hf. In experiments, we approach intrinsic quantum efficiency up to n = 80 electrons per photon in bolometer with suspended absorber, contrary to quantum efficiency of about one for absorber on the substrate. In the case of suspended Cu and Pd absorber, Kapitsa resistance protect from power leak to Al electrodes.
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| 28. |
- Tarasov, Mikhail, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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SINIS bolometer with a suspended absorber
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 969:1
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a Superconductor-Insulator-Normal Metal-Insulator-Superconductor (SINIS) bolometer with a suspended normal metal bridge. The suspended bridge acts as a bolometric absorber with reduced heat losses to the substrate. Such bolometers were characterized at 100-350 mK bath temperatures and electrical responsivity of over 10 9 V/W was measured by dc heating the absorber through additional contacts. Suspended bolometers were also integrated in planar twin-slot and log-periodic antennas for operation in the submillimetre-band of radiation. The measured voltage response to radiation at 300 GHz and at 100 mK bath temperature is 3∗10 8 V/W and a current response is 1.1∗10 4 A/W which corresponds to a quantum efficiency of ∼15 electrons per photon. An important feature of such suspended bolometers is the thermalization of electrons in the absorber heated by optical radiation, which in turn provides better quantum efficiency. This has been confirmed by comparison of bolometric response to dc and rf heating. We investigate the performance of direct SN traps and NIS traps with a tunnel barrier between the superconductor and normal metal trap. Increasing the volume of superconducting electrode helps to reduce overheating of superconductor. Influence of Andreev reflection and Kapitza resistance, as well as electron-phonon heat conductivity and thermal conductivity of N-wiring are estimated for such SINIS devices.
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| 29. |
- Dahlöf, Björn, 1953, et al.
(författare)
-
Atenolol as a comparator in outcome trials in hypertension: a correct choice in the past, but not for the future?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Blood Press. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 16:1, s. 6-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Twelve years after the design of the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study, which showed superiority of losartan- vs atenolol-based therapy for cardiovascular outcomes, we reviewed the literature for the effect of beta-blockers compared with initial placebo or no treatment on reduction of cardiovascular events to re-evaluate atenolol as the comparator in the LIFE study. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in September 2006 for randomized, controlled trials comparing beta-blockers with/without diuretics with placebo or no treatment in patients with hypertension and without recent cardiovascular morbidity. We calculated risk reductions for combined cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, stroke, and coronary heart disease from groups of trials using atenolol first-line and all beta-blockers first-line. RESULTS: Five studies met the criteria. Significant risk reductions for cardiovascular events and stroke occurred in groups receiving treatment with atenolol or all beta-blockers, and for cardiovascular death in the all beta-blocker analysis. In meta-analysis of beta-blocker vs placebo or no treatment trials, risk reductions were 19% for combined cardiovascular events (95% CI 0.73-0.91, p<0.001), 15% for cardiovascular death (0.73-0.99, p = 0.037), 32% for stroke (0.57-0.82, p<0.001), and 10% for coronary heart disease (0.78-1.04, p = 0.146). CONCLUSIONS: Beta-blocker-based antihypertensive therapy significantly reduces cardiovascular risk in hypertension compared with placebo or no treatment. Atenolol was an appropriate comparator in the LIFE study. As the results of the LIFE study and other recent trials demonstrate superiority of newer agents over atenolol, this agent is not an appropriate reference drug for future trials of cardiovascular risk in hypertension.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Devereux, R. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 110:11, s. 1456-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: An echocardiographic substudy of the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial was designed to test the ability of losartan to reduce left ventricular (LV) mass more than atenolol. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 960 patients with essential hypertension and LV hypertrophy (LVH) on screening ECG were enrolled at centers in 7 countries and studied by echocardiography at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years' randomized therapy. Clinical examination and blinded readings of echocardiograms in 457 losartan-treated and 459 atenolol-treated participants with > or =1 follow-up measurement of LV mass index (LVMI) were used in an intention-to-treat analysis. Losartan-based therapy induced greater reduction in LVMI from baseline to the last available study than atenolol with adjustment for baseline LVMI and blood pressure and in-treatment pressure (-21.7+/-21.8 versus -17.7+/-19.6 g/m2; P=0.021). Greater LVMI reduction with losartan was observed in women and men, participants >65 or <65 years of age, and with mild or more severe baseline hypertrophy. The difference between treatment arms in LVH regression was due mainly to reduced concentricity of LV geometry in both groups and lesser increase in LV internal diameter in losartan-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive treatment with losartan, plus hydrochlorothiazide and other medications when needed for pressure control, resulted in greater LVH regression in patients with ECG LVH than conventional atenolol-based treatment. Thus, angiotensin receptor antagonism by losartan has superior efficacy for reversing LVH, a cardinal manifestation of hypertensive target organ damage.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Kjeldsen, Sverre E, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy : the losartan inventervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 18:6, s. 348-361
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. We assessed readily available patient characteristics, including albuminuria (not included in traditional cardiovascular risk scores), as predictors of cardiovascular events in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and developed risk algorithms/scores for outcomes. Methods. The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study compared effects of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy on cardiovascular events in 9193 patients with hypertension and LVH. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified baseline variables with significant impact on development of the primary composite endpoint (cardiovascular death, stroke and myocardial infarction) and its components. Multivariate analysis used a Cox regression model with stepwise selection process. Risk scores were developed from coefficients of risk factors from the multivariate analysis, validated internally using naïve and jack-knife procedures, checked for discrimination and calibration, and compared with Framingham coronary heart disease and other risk scores. Results. LIFE risk scores showed increasing endpoint rates with increasing quintile (first to fifth quintile, composite endpoint 2.8–26.7%, cardiovascular death 0.5–14.4%, stroke 1.2–11.3%, myocardial infarction 1.4–8.1%) and were confirmed with a jack-knife approach that adjusts for potentially optimistic bias. The Framingham coronary heart disease and other risk scores overestimated risk in lower risk patients and underestimated risk in higher risk patients, except for myocardial infarction. Conclusion. A number of patient characteristics predicted cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension and LVH. Risk scores developed from these patient characteristics, including albuminuria, strongly predicted outcomes and may improve risk assessment of patients with hypertension and LVH and planning of clinical trials.
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| 36. |
- Lahtela, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of adding dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin on urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio over 52 weeks in adults with type 1 diabetes
- 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: Dapagliflozin (DAPA), as an adjunct to insulin, was reported to improve glycaemic control, reduce body weight, and was well tolerated (DEPICT-1 and 2 studies) in adults with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (T1D; HbA1c: 58-91 mmol/mol [7.5-10.5%]).Materials and methods: In this pooled post hoc analysis of the DEPICT-1 and -2 studies, the effect of DAPA on urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was evaluated in individuals with T1D with baseline micro or macroalbuminuria.Results: UACR was recorded at baseline for 548, 565, and 532 individuals treated with DAPA 5 mg, DAPA 10 mg, and placebo, respectively; baseline albuminuria was found in 80, 84, and 87 of these individuals in the respective arms. Of these 251 individuals, baseline renal function measured as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was normal (eGFR≥90 ml min-1[1.73 m]-2) in 93, mildly impaired in (eGFR≥60-<90 ml min-1[1.73 m]-2) 131, and moderately impaired in 27 individuals (eGFR <60 ml min-1[1.73 m]-2). Changes in eGFR were similar across the treatment arms (data not shown). Dose-dependent decrease in UACR was observed with DAPA treatment at Weeks 12, 18, 24, and 52 (Figure). At Week 52, the differences in UACR between DAPA 10 mg vs placebo and DAPA 5 mg vs placebo were−31.1% (95% CI:−49.9,−5.2) and−13.3 (95% CI:−37.2, 19.8), respectively.Conclusion: Treatment with DAPA, as an adjunct to insulin, provided a dose-dependent benefit in reducing UACR, suggesting renoprotective effects in individuals with T1D with baseline albuminuria.
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| 37. |
- Marlevi, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Non-invasive estimation of relative pressure for intracardiac flows using virtual work-energy
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Medical Image Analysis. - : Elsevier. - 1361-8415 .- 1361-8423. ; 68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intracardiac blood flow is driven by differences in relative pressure, and assessing these is critical in understanding cardiac disease. Non-invasive image-based methods exist to assess relative pressure, however, the complex flow and dynamically moving fluid domain of the intracardiac space limits assessment. Recently, we proposed a method, ?WERP, utilizing an auxiliary virtual field to probe relative pressure through complex, and previously inaccessible flow domains. Here we present an extension of ?WERP for intracardiac flow assessments, solving the virtual field over sub-domains to effectively handle the dynamically shifting flow domain. The extended ?WERP is validated in an in-silico benchmark problem, as well as in a patient-specific simulation model of the left heart, proving accurate over ranges of realistic image resolutions and noise levels, as well as superior to alternative approaches. Lastly, the extended ?WERP is applied on clinically acquired 4D Flow MRI data, exhibiting realistic ventricular relative pressure patterns, as well as indicating signs of diastolic dysfunction in an exemplifying patient case. Summarized, the extended ?WERP approach represents a directly applicable implementation for intracardiac flow assessments.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Okin, P. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Greater regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertensive patients
- 2010
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Hypertension. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0895-7061 .- 1941-7225. ; 23:7, s. 786-793
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Treatment of hypertensive patients with a losartan-based regimen was associated with greater regression of electrocardiographic (ECG) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) than atenolol-based therapy in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study, independent of blood pressure (BP) changes. However, whether concomitant hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) therapy in >70% of LIFE patients was associated with greater regression of LVH independent of BP changes and whether this effect differed between treatment arms has not been examined. METHODS: Changes in Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage LVH were assessed in 9,193 hypertensive patients randomly assigned to treatment with losartan or atenolol, with additional HCTZ therapy added as necessary to achieve target BP goal per study protocol. RESULTS: After controlling for baseline and change in systolic and diastolic pressure, age, sex, race, prior antihypertensive treatment, baseline and year-4 body mass index and baseline LVH by either Cornell product or Sokolow-Lyon voltage, at year-4 follow-up HCTZ therapy was associated with greater regression of Cornell product LVH (-244 +/- 788 vs. -172 +/- 771 mm.msec, P < 0.05) and Sokolow-Lyon voltage (-4.2 +/- 6.7 vs. -3.0 +/- 7.0 mm, P < 0.001) and this effect was significantly greater in patients on losartan (-341 +/- 743 vs. -189 +/- 775 mm.msec and -5.2 +/- 6.6 vs. -3.3 +/- 6.6 mm) than in patients on atenolol (-142 +/- 822 vs. -158 +/- 765 mm.msec and -3.1 +/- 6.6 vs. -2.7 +/- 7.4 mm; both P < 0.001 for interaction of HCTZ with losartan vs. atenolol therapy). CONCLUSIONs: HCTZ use was associated with greater regression of ECG LVH and this effect was greater in patients on losartan- than atenolol-based therapy, independent of baseline severity of ECG LVH and hypertension and changes in BP.
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| 40. |
- Okin, Peter M, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of atrial fibrillation in relation to changing heart rate over time in hypertensive patients : the LIFE study
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Circulation - Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. - 1941-3149. ; 1:5, s. 337-343
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background— Onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been linked to changes in autonomic tone, with increasing heart rate (HR) immediately before AF onset in some patients suggesting a possible role of acute increases in sympathetic activity in AF onset. Although losartan therapy and decreasing ECG left ventricular hypertrophy are associated with decreased AF incidence, the relationship of HR changes over time to development of AF has not been examined. Methods and Results— HR was evaluated in 8828 hypertensive patients without AF by history or on baseline ECG in the Losartan Intervention for End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. Patients were treated with losartan- or atenolol-based regimens and followed with serial ECGs annually which were used to determine HR and ECG left ventricular hypertrophy by Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria. During mean follow-up of 4.7±1.1 years, new-onset AF occurred in 701 patients (7.9%). Patients with new AF had smaller decreases in HR to last in-treatment ECG or last ECG before AF (−2.7±13.5 versus −5.2±12.5 bpm), whether on losartan- (−0.4±13.5 versus −2.2±11.7 bpm) or atenolol-based treatment (−5.3±12.8 versus −8.3±12.6 bpm, all P<0.001). In univariate Cox analyses, higher HR on in-treatment ECGs was associated with an increased risk of new-onset AF, with a 15% greater risk of AF for every 10 bpm higher HR (95% CI 8% to 22%). In alternative analyses, persistence or development of a HR≥84 (upper quintile of baseline HR) was associated with a 46% greater risk of developing AF (95% CI 19% to 80%). After adjusting for treatment with losartan versus atenolol, baseline risk factors for AF, baseline and in-treatment systolic and diastolic pressure and the known predictive value of baseline and in-treatment ECG left ventricular hypertrophy for new AF, higher in-treatment HR remained strongly associated with new AF with a 19% higher risk for every 10 bpm higher HR (95% CI 10% to 28%) or a 61% increased rate of AF in patients with persistence or development of a HR≥84 (95% CI 27% to 104%, all P<0.001). Conclusion— Higher in-treatment HR on serial ECGs is associated with an increased likelihood of new-onset AF, independent of treatment modality, blood pressure lowering, and regression of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension.
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| 41. |
- Okin, P. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of heart failure in relation to QRS duration during antihypertensive therapy: the LIFE study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 27:11, s. 2271-2277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prolonged QRS duration (QRS) has been associated with left ventricular dyssynchrony and dysfunction and with the development of heart failure. However, whether persistence or development of increased QRS over time is associated with an increased incidence of heart failure in hypertensive patients, independent of blood pressure lowering and regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has not been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: The relation of QRS over time to incident heart failure was examined in 8945 hypertensive patients without history of heart failure who were randomly assigned to losartan-based or atenolol-based treatment. During 4.7 +/- 1.1 years follow-up, heart failure hospitalization occurred in 282 patients (3.2%): in 157 with in-treatment QRS less than 110 ms (4.6 per 1000 patient-years) and in 125 with persistence or development of QRS 110 ms or more (13.4 per 1000 patient-years). In univariate Cox analyses in which QRS during the study was entered as a time-varying covariate, in-treatment persistence or development of a QRS 110 ms or more was associated with a 153% increased risk of developing heart failure [hazard ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.00-3.20]. After adjusting for treatment, baseline risk factors for heart failure, incident myocardial infarction and for baseline and in-treatment electrocardiographic LVH and blood pressure, persistence or development of a QRS 110 ms or more remained associated with a 102% increased risk of new-onset heart failure (hazard ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.49-2.74). CONCLUSION: Persistence or development of a prolonged QRS during antihypertensive therapy is associated with an increased likelihood of new-onset heart failure, independent of blood pressure lowering, treatment modality and regression of electrocardiographic LVH in patients with essential hypertension. These findings suggest that serial assessment of QRS over time can be used to track the risk of heart failure in hypertensive patients.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Rastorgueva, V.S., et al.
(författare)
-
The Gilaki Language
- 2012
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a translation of the original book entitled: Giljanskij Jazyk. It includes an additional appendix containing an interlinearized version of the Gilaki texts. English translation editing and expanded content by Ronald M. LockwoodOriginal AbstractThis monograph presents a description of one of the insufficiently explored Iranian languages widespread in the Northern part of Iran (in the province of Gilan). A description of the phonetic and grammatical system of the Gilaki language is given therein. Texts (examples of conversational language and connected narrative) taken down by Gilaki authors now in the USSR are the basis of the grammatical analysis.At the end of the work the Gilaki texts and their translations into Russian are added.Ronald M. Lockwood's foreword Seeing that this book was a significant work on the Gilaki language, some years ago I sought to have it translated to English. I recognized the high quality of the research and believed the work to be one of the best of its kind on the subject. I undertook a complete reformatting and editing of the book so that it could be made available to the linguistic community.I decided to also undertake the task of interlinearizing all of the texts included in this work. In appendix A you will find the original Gilaki texts with the free translation immediately below each sentence. This differs from the original book in which each Gilaki text was followed by a free translation text. The free translation line is an English translation of the original Russian free translation. In appendix B you will find an interlinearized version of the texts. Three lines are provided; the vernacular divided into morphemes, the corresponding English glosses for the vernacular morphemes and a free translation line. In appendix B the English free translation has been revised as necessary to give a more accurate English free translation of the Gilaki vernacular.The body of the book has been reformatted to make it easier to read. Sections and subsections have been added. Example sentences have been formatted and listed as numbered examples. Numbered tables and figures have also been included. Note that for some example sentences no reference is given. This is because the sentence is not from the texts included in the appendices.In the online version of this book, I added extensive linking between the examples and the texts. The user can click on an example’s reference and be taken to the text containing that example in appendix A. From appendix A the user can click to see the corresponding interlinear example in appendix B. All of the language and gloss data has been color coded.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Tarasov, Mikhail, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Optical response of a cold-electron bolometer array
- 2010
-
Ingår i: JETP Letters. - 1090-6487 .- 0021-3640. ; 92:6, s. 416-420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multielement bolometric receiver system has been developed to measure the power and polarization of radiation at a calculated frequency of 345 GHz. Arrays of ten series-parallel connected cold-electron bolometers have been pairwise integrated into orthogonal ports of a cross-slot antenna. Arrays are connected in parallel in the high-frequency input signal and in series in the output signal, which is measured at a low frequency, and in a dc bias. Such an array makes it possible to increase the output resistance by two orders of magnitude as compared to an individual bolometer under the same conditions of high-frequency matching and to optimize the matching with the JFET amplifier impedance up to dozens of megohms. Parallel connection ensures matching of the input signal to the cross-slot antenna with an impedance of 30 Omega on a massive silicon dielectric lens. At a temperature of 100 mK, a response to the thermal radiation of a thermal radiation source with an emissivity of 0.3, which covers the input aperture of the antenna and is heated to 3 K, is 25 mu V/K. Taking into account real noise, the optical fluctuation dc sensitivity is 5 mK, the estimated sensitivity corresponding to the noise of the amplifier is about 10(-4) K/Hz(1/2), and the noise-equivalent power is about (1-5) x 10(-17) W/Hz(1/2).
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| 48. |
- Tarasov, Mikhail, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Optical Response of a Cold-Electron Bolometer Array Integrated in a 345-GHz Cross-Slot Antenna
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. - 1558-2515 .- 1051-8223. ; 21:6, s. 3635-3639
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two series/parallel arrays of ten cold-electronbolometers with superconductor–insulator–normal tunnel junctionswere integrated in orthogonal ports of a cross-slot antenna.To increase the dynamic range of the receiver, all single bolometersin an array are connected in parallel for the microwavesignal by capacitive coupling. To increase the output response,bolometers are connected in series for dc bias. With the measuredvoltage-to-temperature response of 8.8 μV/mK, absorbervolume of 0.08 μm3, and output noise of about 10 nV/Hz1/2,we estimated the dark electrical noise equivalent power (NEP)as NEP = 6∗ 10−18 W/Hz1/2. The optical response down toNEP = 2∗ 10−17 W/Hz1/2 was measured using a hot/cold loadas a radiation source and a sample temperature down to 100 mK.The fluctuation sensitivity to the radiation source temperature is1.3 ∗ 10−4 K/Hz1/2. A dynamic range over 43 dB was measuredusing a backward-wave oscillator, a variable polarization gridattenuator, and cold filters/attenuators.
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| 49. |
- Tarasov, Mikhail, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Power Load and Temperature Dependence of Cold-Electron Bolometer Optical Response at 350 GHz
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. - 1558-2515 .- 1051-8223. ; 24:6, s. 1-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold-electron bolometers (CEBs) integrated with twin-slot antennas have been designed and fabricated. Optical response was measured at bath temperatures of 0.06 to 3 K using blackbody radiation source at temperatures of 3 to 15 K. The responsivity of 0.3 * 10(9) V/W was measured at 2.7-K blackbody temperature that is close to the temperature of the cosmic microwave background. Optical measurements indicate quasi-optical coupling efficiency of up to 60% at low phonon temperature and low signal level. Estimations for bolometer responsivity were made for practical range of bath temperatures and blackbody radiation temperatures. The estimated ultimate dark responsivity at 100-mK bath temperature can approach S-V = 10(10) V/W and reduces down to 1.1 * 10(8) V/W at 300 mK for a device with absorber volume of 5 * 10(-20) m(3).
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| 50. |
- Tarasov, Mikhail, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantum Efficiency of Cold Electron Bolometer Optical Response
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. - 2156-342X .- 2156-3446. ; 5:1, s. 44-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present the measurements of optical response dependence on power load of a Cold Electron Bolometer integrated in a twin slot antenna. These measurements are also compared to the models of the bolometer limit and the photon counter limit. The responsivity of 0.22*10^9 V/W was measured at 0.22 pW radiation power from a black body at 3.5 K. According to our estimations, for optimized device the voltage responsivity at 100 mK electron temperature can approach Sv=10^10 V/W for power load below 0.1 pW and decreases down to 10^7 V/W at 300 mK for 5 pW signal power in a sample with absorber volume of 5*10^-20 m^3. In the case of low bath temperatures and high applied RF power the changes of tunneling current, dynamic resistance and voltage response are explained by non-thermal energy distribution of excited electrons. Distribution of excited electrons in such system at lower temperatures can be of non-Fermi type, hot electrons with energies of the order of 1 K tunnel from normal metal absorber to superconductor instead of relaxing down to thermal energy kTe in absorber before tunneling. This effect can reduce quantum efficiency of the bolometer at 350 GHz from hf/kTph>100 in ideal case down to single electron per absorbed photon (Q.Eff=1) in the high power case. Methods of preserving high quantum efficiency are discussed.
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