| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Alm Carlsson, Gudrun, et al.
(author)
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Monte Carlo metoden : ett verktyg inom strålningsfysiken
- 1995
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Detta kompendium är tänkt att användas som ett propedeutiskt kursmaterial för kursdeltagare i kursen "Monte Carlo simulering av foton- och elektrontransport vid diagnostiska och radioterapeutiska strålkvaliteter". Först följer en kort repetition av den grundläggande statistik som utnyt1jas i beräkningarna. Därefter följer en beskrivning av slumptal. det fundament som metoden bygger på. Vidare beskrivs val ur olika frekvensfunktioner. Valet kan även göras ur så kallade falska fördelningar för att reducera variansen i den skattade storheten. Metoderna belyses i ett avsnitt om problemlösningsmetodik. först i allmänna termer för att sen gå in på ett specifikt problem (Buffons nålproblem) där en analys och strukturering av problemet görs varefter flödesschema och kodning exemplifieras. Så följer två moment där en beskrivning görs av färderna av fotoner respektive elektroner genom materia. För elektronfärderna gör man en indelning i klass 1- och klass II-färder. Vad detta innebär och hur deltapartiklar tas om hand beskrivs i ett kapitel. Till sist kommer en kort introduktion till de tre laborationerna med laborationshandledningar. Speciell vikt har lagts vid att initiera laboranten att fundera på fysiken i de simulerade experimenten. Detta kompendium har tillkommit som examinationsarbete vid en kurs i "Monte Carlo simulering av foton- och elektrontransport vid diagnostiska och radioterapeutiska strålkvaliteter", med andra ord den kurs du själv nu ämnar studera. Författarna önskar dig lycka till med kursen och hoppas att du kommer att få glädje av den. Speciellt hoppas vi att denna skrift ska underlätta för dig att tillgodogöra dig informationen vid föreläsningarna och under laborationerna.
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| 3. |
- Alnegren, Patrik, 1988, et al.
(author)
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Metallic Bipolar Plates for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
- 2016
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In: Fuel Cells. - : Wiley. - 1615-6846 .- 1615-6854. ; 16:1, s. 39-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High temperature polymer membrane fuel cells (HTPEMFCs) are promising devices for future mobile applications. To minimize phosphoric acid migration from the membranes and to reduce the total stack weight and size metallic bipolar plates are a promising alternative. So far only very few published results are available on the use of metallic bipolar plates in HTPEMFCs. During this work a single test cell was equipped with metallic endplates to investigate the possibility of using metallic bipolar plates in HTPEMFC stacks. Furthermore we tried to simulate the environments present in an HTPEMFC by furnace exposures in an attempt to develop a simplified test method for accelerated corrosion of bipolar plate materials. It was found that the performance of the HTPEM test cell decreased by about 15 mu V h(-1). More corrosion products were seen on the cathode side samples, whereas on the anode side sample the corrosion attack of the steel was more severe. These results were successfully replicated in simulated furnace experiments.
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| 4. |
- Björklund, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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Västerås slott : Slott och borgar
- 2000
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- En majoritet av dagens byggnadsuppgifter gäller att hantera det redan byggda. När vi står inför situationen att restaurera en befintlig byggnad är det viktigt att förstå olika tidsperioders stilideal liksom byggnadsteknik och material. Först då kan vi göra en väl avvägd analys, som tar tillvara och utvecklar de kvaliteter som byggnaderna själva besitter. Därför är utbildningen upplagd som ett växelspel mellan föreläsningar, seminarier, exkursioner och en för året vald studieuppgift.Slott och borgar har varit läsårets tema. Vi har valt att arbeta med Västerås och Örebro slott - två ganska bortglömda Vasaslott som är väl värda att lyfta fram. Särskilt har vi studerat de senaste 300 årens förändringar, som inte tidigare ägnats lika stora forskarmöda som medelitden och Vasatiden. I dessa två exempel finns en provkarta på estetiska, praktiska och tekniska ingrepp från Carl Hårlemans tid och fram till idag.Studierna har således omfattat både gestaltning, funktion och byggnadsteknik. Avsikten är att visa på kvaliteter i de omvandlingar och restaureringar som skett, men också att peka på problem och analysera olika möjligheter inför framtiden. Arbetet har skett i samarbete med Statens fastighetsverk och är tänkt att utgöra ett underlag till vårdprogram och framtida restaureringsinsatser.
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| 5. |
- Choppin, G., et al.
(author)
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Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry: Fourth Edition
- 2013
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Radiochemistry or nuclear chemistry is the study of radiation from an atomic and molecular perspective, including elemental transformation and reaction effects, as well as physical, health and medical properties. This revised edition of one of the earliest and best-known books on the subject has been updated to bring into teaching the latest developments in research and the current hot topics in the field. To further enhance the functionality of this text, the authors have added numerous teaching aids, examples in MathCAD with variable quantities and options, hotlinks to relevant text sections from the book, and online self-grading tests.
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| 6. |
- Ekberg, Christian, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Strålrisk inte skäl att flytta
- 1997
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In: Fria ord, Göteborgs-Posten 1997-03.12.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Johansson Blight, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Medical and licit drug use in an urban/rural study population with refugee background, 7-8 years into resettlement
- 2008
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In: GMS Psycho-Social-Medicine. - 1860-5214. ; 5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Research into medical and licit drug use in resettled refugee populations is scarce, despite the fact that mental health status often has been found to be poorer than in general populations. Hence the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-rated use of medicine and licit drugs among adults who came to Sweden from Bosnia-Herzegovina (1993/94) and who in 2001 were living in either an urban (low employment context) or a rural (high employment context) region (n=4185).Methods: Prevalence was estimated from a cross-sectional questionnaire distributed to a representative sample (n=650) in 2001 (63.5% response rate).Results: The study population estimates of usage of sedatives (26.5%), sleeping tablets (26.2%) and antidepressants (22.3%) did not differ by gender but did so by region, with a higher urban prevalence. The consumption of alcohol (5.1%) and cigarettes (41.0%) did not differ by region but men reported higher alcohol consumption than women.Conclusion: The high consumption of medicine (compared with general populations) raises the question of treatment efficiency and the need for public health attention and evaluation many years after resettlement. Factors to consider for further research with analytic prerequisites concern indications that regional differences may be influenced, not only by urban employment being lower but also by urban/rural differences in prescription rates and/or access to health care; moreover, there might have been a selection to the urban region of older people, with a more vulnerable family situation, and/or poorer mental health. Finally, the overall alcohol (low) and cigarettes (high) consumption in the study population followed prevalence patterns found in Bosnia-Herzegovina rather than in Sweden.
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| 9. |
- Zackrisson, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Two-year results from a Swedish study on conventional versus accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - The ARTSCAN study
- 2011
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In: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 100:1, s. 41-48
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose: Studies on accelerated fractionation (AF) in head and neck cancer have shown increased local control and survival compared with conventional fractionation (CF), while others have been non-conclusive. In 1998 a national Swedish group decided to perform a randomised controlled clinical study of AF. Materials and methods: Patients with verified squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx (except glottic T1-T2, N0) and hypopharynx were included. Patients with prior chemotherapy or surgery were excluded. Patients were randomised to either CF (2Gy/day, 5days/week for 7 weeks, total dose 68Gy) or to AF (1.1Gy+2.0Gy/day, 5days/week for 4.5weeks, total dose 68Gy). An extensive quality assurance protocol was followed throughout the study. The primary end point was loco-regional tumour control (LRC) at two years after treatment. RESULTS: The study was closed in 2006 when 750 patients had been randomised. Eighty-three percent of the patients had stages III-IV disease. Forty eight percent had oropharyngeal, 21% laryngeal, 17% hypopharyngeal and 14% oral cancers. There were no significant differences regarding overall survival (OS) or LRC between the two regimens. The OS at two years was 68% for AF and 67% for CF. The corresponding figures for LRC were 71% and 67%, respectively. There was a trend towards improved LRC for oral cancers treated (p=0.07) and for large tumours (T3-T4) (p=0.07) treated with AF. The AF group had significantly worse acute reactions, while there was no significant increase in late effects. Conclusion: Overall the AF regimen did not prove to be more efficacious than CF. However, the trend towards improved results in AF for oral cancers needs to be further investigated.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Fältexperiment för att studera etnisk diskriminering på den svenska arbets- och bostadsmarknaden
- 2009
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In: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - : Förbundet för Forskning i Socialt Arbete. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 16:2, s. 105-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Under senare år har fältexperiment använts för att studera etnisk diskriminering på den svenska arbets- och bostadsmarknaden. I nedanstående framställning ges en presentation av fältexperiment som metod och en översikt över den forskning som genomförts med hjälp av fältexperiment i Sverige. Dessutom görs en framåtblickande diskussion.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ahmed, Ali, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Kan kvinnliga personalchefer motverka diskriminering av invandrare?
- 2005
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In: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm : Kristianstads boktryckeri. - 0345-2646. ; 33:8, s. 72-77
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I denna artikel presenteras resultaten av en experimentell studie om etnisk diskriminering. Undersökningen visar att det främst är infödda män som tenderar att ha ett diskriminerande beteende. I Sverige finns lagstiftning som förbjuder etnisk diskriminering. Vi har också en särskild myndighet – diskrimineringsombudsmannen – som skall motverka etnisk diskriminering. Den presenterade undersökningen kan ge en ny infallsvinkel. Ett sätt att motverka diskriminering av invandrare kan vara att se till att andelen kvinnor som är personalchefer i företag och myndigheter ökar. Frågan om etnisk diskriminering är kanske också en jämställdhetsfråga.
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| 15. |
- Albin, Björn, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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County Differences in Mortality among Foreign-Born Compared to Native Swedes 1970-1999
- 2012
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In: Nursing Research and Practice. - New York, NY, USA : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-1429 .- 2090-1437. ; 2012, s. Article ID 136581-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Regional variations in mortality and morbidity have been shown in Europe and USA. Longitudinal studies have found increased mortality, dissimilarities in mortality pattern, and differences in utilization of healthcare between foreign- and native-born Swedes. No study has been found comparing mortality among foreign-born and native-born Swedes in relation to catchment areas/counties. Methods. The aim was to describe and compare mortality among foreign-born persons and native Swedes during 1970–1999 in 24 counties in Sweden. Data from the Statistics Sweden and the National Board of Health and Welfare was used, and the database consisted of 723,948 persons, 361,974 foreign-born living in Sweden in 1970 and aged 16 years and above and 361,974 matched Swedish controls. Results. Latest county of residence independently explained higher mortality among foreign-born persons in all but four counties; OR varied from 1.01 to 1.29. Counties with a more rural structure showed the highest differences between foreign-born persons and native controls. Foreign-born persons had a lower mean age (1.0–4.3 years) at time of death. Conclusion. County of residence influences mortality; higher mortality is indicated among migrants than native Swedes in counties with a more rural structure. Further studies are needed to explore possible explanations.
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| 16. |
- Albin, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Health and consumption of health care and social service among old migrants in Sweden
- 2005
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In: Primary Health Care Research and Development. - : SAGE Publications. - 1463-4236 .- 1477-1128. ; 6:1, s. 37-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Due to migration, an increasing number of the elderly in Sweden will be foreign-born, ‘old migrants’. Old migrants will need help from society with health care and social service. Migration may influence people's health and thus also their consumption of health care and social service. The aim of the present study was to discuss migration and health with the focus on old migrants by a review of literature, and to describe the pattern of health care and social service consumption among old migrants living in Sweden, studying whether there were any differences compared with old people born in Sweden. The results showed that there is a lack of data describing old migrants' health. Available data indicate poorer self-rated health, more chronic illness and impaired mobility capacity. There are some Swedish studies describing morbidity and mortality among migrants in Sweden. These are consistent: migrants have more health problems in general and migrants from the Nordic countries have a higher mortality rate. There are no public statistics about old migrants' consumption of health care and social service in Sweden. Some studies show that old migrants consume less than native Swedes. Other studies indicate the same or higher consumption of health care, but lower consumption of social service among migrants. In conclusion, few studies concern health and consumption of health care and social care among old migrants; the results are divergent and there could be several different explanations for dissimilarities, such as migrational background, cultural distance, time of residence, socioeconomic position and adaptation in the new society. Thus, further studies are needed.
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| 17. |
- Albin, Bjorn, et al.
(author)
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Higher mortality and different pattern of causes of death among foreign-born compared to native Swedes 1970-1999
- 2006
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In: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1557-1912 .- 1557-1920. ; 8:2, s. 101-113
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a previous Swedish longitudinal study of mortality among 723,948 foreign born and native-born Swedes, 1970-1999, increased mortality was found among foreign-born persons. This study describes and analyses the differences in mortality between 361,974 foreign-born persons and 361,974 native Swedes during the period 1970-1999, based on data from Statistics Sweden and the National Board of Health and Welfare. The mortality pattern showed dissimilarities; with a significantly higher number of deaths among foreign-born persons in six diagnose groups and a significantly lower mean age at time of death. A high number of deaths were found for migrants from Denmark in Neoplasm, for migrants from Finland and Poland in Diseases of the circulatory system and for migrants from Yugoslavia in Symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions. There is a tendency to a more similar pattern between foreign- and Swedish-born persons over time. Migration may be a risk factor for health, and therefore seems to be an important factor to consider when studying morbidity and health and when planning preventive work.
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| 18. |
- Albin, Björn
(author)
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Morbidity and mortality among foreign-born Swedes
- 2006
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aims: The general aim of this thesis was to describe and compare the group of foreign-born persons living in Sweden and native Swedes with regard to health development over time, thus studying the influence of migration on health. Methods: All four studies are based on data from Statistics Sweden (SCB) and the National Board of Health and Welfare, Centre for Epidemiology covering the period 1970?1999. The database used included all foreign-born persons aged 16 years and upwards who were registered as living in Sweden in 1970. For each foreign-born person a Swedish matched control was chosen. The control was matched and was similar in age, sex, occupation, type of employment and county of residence in 1970. In total 906,564 people were included, 50 percent foreign-born persons. Information from the National Board of Health and Welfare, Centre for Epidemiology on date of death and death diagnosis was added to the database. Exclusion criteria were if no information was available or if a person had emigrated or migrated back (?re-migrated?). Persons were then also excluded if the information from the control subject was missing due to migration. The database used for analysis finally consisted of 723,948 persons, 361,974 foreign-born and 361,974 Swedish controls. All statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program, version 11.5, and both descriptive and analytic statistic methods were used. Results: The results of the four studies show that foreign-born persons living in Sweden 1970?1999 have higher mortality, lower mean age at time of death and a different pattern of causes of death. The studies also found a tendency to less utilization of health care and that county of residence influences mortality among foreign-born persons. The most important finding was that migration has an influence on health. Conclusion: To explain the differences found in health among foreign-born persons, several different factors have to be taken into account. Health is influenced by economic situation, housing, working conditions, unemployment, social network and background before migration. Social and physical environment or inequalities in resources and utilization of health care are important. Migration is shown to have a negative influence on health and is an important factor to consider when studying mortality and health in a population.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Albin, Björn, 1951-, et al.
(author)
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Residential mobility among foreign-born persons living in Sweden is associated with lower morbidity
- 2010
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In: Clinical Epidemiology. - Macclesfield, UK : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1179-1349. ; 9:2, s. 187-194
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: to analyze the pattern of mortality in deceased foreign-born persons living in Sweden during the years 1970-1999 in relation to distance mobility.MEthods: Data from Statistics Sweden and the National Board of Health and Welfare was used, and the study population consisted of 281,412 foreign-born persons aged 16 years and over who were registered as living in Sweden in 1970.Results: Distance mobility did not have a negative effect on health. Total mortality was lower (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.69-0.73) in foreign-born persons in Sweden who had changed their county of residence during the period 1970-1990. Higher death rates were observed, after adjustment for age, in three ICD diagnosis groups "Injury and poisoning", "External causes of injury and poisoning", and "Diseases of the digestive system" among persons who had changed county of residence.
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| 21. |
- Albin, Björn, et al.
(author)
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Utilization of In-Hospital Care among Foreign-Born Compared to Native Swedes 1987-1999
- 2012
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In: Nursing Research and Practice. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-1429 .- 2090-1437. ; 2012
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In previous longitudinal studies of mortality and morbidity among foreign-born and native-born Swedes, increased mortality and dissimilarities in mortality pattern were found. The aim of this study is to describe, compare, and analyse the utilization of in-hospital care among deceased foreign- and Swedish-born persons during the years 1987–1999 with focus on four diagnostic categories. The study population consisted of 361,974 foreign-born persons aged 16 years and upward who were registered as living in Sweden in 1970, together with 361,974 matched Swedish controls for each person. Data from Statistics Sweden (SCB) and the National Board of Health and Welfare Centre for Epidemiology, covering the period 1970–1999, was used. Persons were selected if they were admitted to hospital during 1987–1999 and the cause of death was in one of four ICD groups. The results indicate a tendency towards less health care utilization among migrants, especially men, as regards Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions and Injury and poisoning. Further studies are needed to explore the possible explanations and the pattern of other diseases to see whether migrants, and especially migrant men, are a risk group with less utilization of health care.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Andersson, Sofie, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Study of nitrate complex formation with Pm, Eu, Am and Cm using a solvent extraction technique
- 2004
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In: Radiochimica Acta. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0033-8230 .- 2193-3405. ; 92:12, s. 863-867
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The separation of actinides and lanthanides is an important question in the treatment of spent nuclear fuel in the transmutation concept. To find an efficient and well functioning separation process it is necessary to study the chemistry of the elements in the two groups in different aqueous media. The stability constants of the nitrate complex formation with Pm, Eu, Am and Cm were determined using solvent extraction. The extraction was studied using the synergistic system of 2,6-bis-(benzoxazolyl)-4-dodecyloxylpyridine and 2-bromodecanoic acid in tert-butyl benzene. As the nitrate ion concentration in the aqueous phase was increased, a decrease in separation between actinides and lanthanides was seen owing to complex formation between the different elements and the nitrate ions.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Axelsson, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Swedish National Multicenter Study on Head and Neck Cancer of Unknown Primary: Prognostic Factors and Impact of Treatment on Survival
- 2021
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In: International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 1809-9777 .- 1809-4864. ; 25:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction Head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) is a rare condition whose prognostic factors that are significant for survival vary between studies. No randomized treatment study has been performed thus far, and the optimal treatment is not established. Objective The present study aimed to explore various prognostic factors and compare the two main treatments for HNCUP: neck dissection and (chemo) radiation vs primary (chemo) radiation. Methods A national multicenter study was performed with data from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR) and from the patients' medical records from 2008 to 2012. Results Two-hundred and sixty HNCUP patients were included. The tumors were HPVpositive in 80%. The overall 5-year survival rate of patients treated with curative intent was 71%. Age (p < 0.001), performance status (p = 0.036), and N stage (p = 0.046) were significant factors for overall survival according to the multivariable analysis. Treatment with neck dissection and (chemo) radiation (122 patients) gave an overall 5-year survival of 73%, and treatment with primary (chemo) radiation (87 patients) gave an overall 5-year survival of 71%, with no significant difference in overall or disease-free survival between the 2 groups. Conclusions Age, performance status, and N stage were significant prognostic factors. Treatment with neck dissection and ( chemo) radiation and primary (chemo)
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| 32. |
- Baumann, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Factors important for efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy of medically inoperable stage I lung cancer. A retrospective analysis of patients treated in the Nordic countries.
- 2006
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In: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 45:7, s. 787-95
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We reviewed results of SBRT treatment of 138 patients with medically inoperable stage I NSCLC treated during 1996-2003 at five different centres in Sweden and Denmark. Mean age was 74 years (range 56-90) with 69 men and 72 women. SBRT was delivered using a 3D conformal multifield technique and a stereotactic body frame. Doses delivered were 30-48 Gy (65% isodose at the periphery of planning target volume, PTV) in 2-4 fractions. Equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) was in the range of 50-100 Gy. Mean gross tumour volume (GTV) was 39 cm3 (2-436), and planning target volume was 101 cm3 (11-719). Overall response rate (CR, PR) was 61% (84/138). SD was noted in 36% (50/138). During a median follow-up period of 33 months (1-107), 16 (12%) local failures occurred, ten of which also included distant metastases. Local failure was associated with tumour size, target definition and central or pleura proximity. Distant metastases occurred in 25% (35/138) of the patients. Ninety-one (65%) patients died during follow-up of which 55 patients (60%) died of other causes than lung cancer. Three- and 5-year overall survival was 52 and 26% respectively. Lung cancer specific 3- and 5-year overall survival was 66 and 40% respectively. Fifty nine percent (83/138) of the patients had no side effects. Fourteen patients experienced grade 3-4 toxicity according to radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG). EQD2 (> v.s.<55.6 Gy) showed a statistically significant benefit survival for the higher doses. SBRT for stage I NSCLC results in favourable local control not inferior to fractionated RT and with acceptable toxicity.
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| 33. |
- Baumann, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Outcome in a prospective phase II trial of medically inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.
- 2009
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In: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 1527-7755 .- 0732-183X. ; 27:20, s. 3290-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on 3-year progression-free survival of medically inoperable patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was analyzed in a prospective phase II study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven patients with T1NOMO (70%) and T2N0M0 (30%) were included between August 2003 and September 2005 at seven different centers in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark and observed up to 36 months. SBRT was delivered with 15 Gy times three at the 67% isodose of the planning target volume. RESULTS: Progression-free survival at 3 years was 52%. Overall- and cancer-specific survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 86%, 65%, 60%, and 93%, 88%, 88%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients with T1 or T2 tumors. At a median follow-up of 35 months (range, 4 to 47 months), 27 patients (47%) were deceased, seven as a result of lung cancer and 20 as a result of concurrent disease. Kaplan-Meier estimated local control at 3 years was 92%. Local relapse was observed in four patients (7%). Regional relapse was observed in three patients (5%). Nine patients (16%) developed distant metastases. The estimated risk of all failure (local, regional, or distant metastases) was increased in patients with T2 (41%) compared with those with T1 (18%) tumors (P = .027). CONCLUSION: With a 3-year local tumor control rate higher than 90% with limited toxicity, SBRT emerges as state-of-the-art treatment for medically inoperable stage I NSCLC and may even challenge surgery in operable instances.
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| 34. |
- Baumann, Pia, et al.
(author)
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Stereotactic body radiotherapy for medically inoperable patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer - a first report of toxicity related to COPD/CVD in a non-randomized prospective phase II study.
- 2008
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In: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 88:3, s. 359-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In a retrospective study using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in medically inoperable patients with stage I NSCLC we previously reported a local control rate of 88% utilizing a median dose of 15Gyx3. This report records the toxicity encountered in a prospective phase II trial, and its relation to coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardio vascular disease (CVD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty patients were entered in the study between August 2003 and September 2005. Fifty-seven patients (T1 65%, T2 35%) with a median age of 75 years (59-87 years) were evaluable. The baseline mean FEV1% was 64% and median Karnofsky index was 80. A total dose of 45Gy was delivered in three fractions at the 67% isodose of the PTV. Clinical, pulmonary and radiological evaluations were made at 6 weeks, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 36 months post-SBRT. Toxicity was graded according to CTC v2.0 and performance status was graded according to the Karnofsky scale. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 23 months, 2 patients had relapsed locally. No grade 4 or 5 toxicity was reported. Grade 3 toxicity was seen in 12 patients (21%). There was no significant decline of FEV1% during follow-up. Low grade pneumonitis developed to the same extent in the CVD 3/17 (18%) and COPD 7/40 (18%) groups. The incidence of fibrosis was 9/17 (53%) and pleural effusions was 8/17 (47%) in the CVD group compared with 13/40 (33%) and 5/40 (13%) in the COPD group. CONCLUSION: SBRT for stage I NSCLC patients who are medically inoperable because of COPD and CVD results in a favourable local control rate with a low incidence of grade 3 and no grade 4 or 5 toxicity.
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| 35. |
- Berglund, Jan, et al.
(author)
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Rapid increase in volume of the remnant after hemithyroidectomy does not correlate with serum concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone
- 1998
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In: European Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1102-4151 .- 1741-9271. ; 164:4, s. 257-262
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of postoperative thyroxine on the volume of the thyroid remnant after lobectomy for benign nontoxic goitre. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised study. SETTING: University hospital, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 50 consecutive patients who underwent lobectomy for benign non-toxic goitre. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomised postoperatively to take thyroxine 0.1 mg or placebo daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The median volume of the remaining thyroid lobe measured by ultrasound. Serum concentrations of thyroxine, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The median volume of the remaining lobe had increased significantly compared with preoperatively by 1 month postoperatively by 30% in the thyroxine group and 25% in the placebo group (p < 0.01). The difference between the groups was not significant. After the first month the volume did not change significantly. In the thyroxine group, the TSH concentration was unchanged and the thyroxine concentration increased significantly throughout the study. In the placebo group there was a significant increase in TSH concentration and a significant decrease in that of thyroxine at all follow-up examinations. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant increase in the volume of the remaining thyroid 1 month after lobectomy that persisted throughout the first year. Thyroxine given in a dose that kept the serum TSH concentration at the same level as preoperatively did not seem to influence volume changes; consequently we consider that these are caused by factors other than TSH.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bernfort, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Supervisor ratings of productivity loss associated with presenteeism and sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders and common mental disorders in Sweden
- 2021
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In: Work. - : IOS PRESS. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 68:4, s. 1091-1100
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Health problems due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and common mental disorders (CMD) result in costs due to lost productivity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to increase knowledge of employers productivity loss due to employees presenteeism and sickness absence. METHODS: A web questionnaire was sent to employers of workers who were sick-listed for more than 30 days due to MSD or CMD, response rate: 50%, n = 198. Presenteeism and the impact on productivity before and after sick leave, and the performance of work tasks by replacement workers during sick leave, were measured using supervisors ratings. RESULTS: The average loss of productivity per sick-leave case amounted to almost 10 weeks, 53% of productivity loss was attributable to presenteeism and 47% to lower productivity by replacement workers. Employees with a CMD diagnosis had significantly higher presenteeism-related productivity loss than those with MSD. CONCLUSIONS: Employers experienced substantial productivity loss associated with employees presenteeism and sick leave. Whether the supervisory rating of presenteeism is preferable to employee self-rating needs to be studied further. The long duration of presenteeism is counter-productive to resource-efficient organisations and indicates the need for improved supervisory skills to identify workers with poor health, both before and after sick leave.
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| 38. |
- Bevelander, Pieter, et al.
(author)
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Regionala variationer i sysselsättning för män
- 2004
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In: Egenförsörjning eller bidragsförsörjning? Invandrarna, arbetsmarknaden och välfärdsstaten. Rapport från Integrationspolitiska maktutredningen SOU 2004:21.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 39. |
- Bjellerup, Mårten
(author)
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Essays on Consumption : - Aggregation, Asymmetry and Asset Distributions
- 2005
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The dissertation consists of four self-contained essays on consumption. Essays 1 and 2 consider different measures of aggregate consumption, and Essays 3 and 4 consider how the distributions of income and wealth affect consumption from a macro and micro perspective, respectively.Essay 1 considers the empirical practice of seemingly interchangeable use of two measures of consumption; total consumption expenditure and consumption expenditure on nondurable goods and services. Using data from Sweden and the US in an error correction model, it is shown that consumption functions based on the two measures exhibit significant differences in several aspects of econometric modelling.Essay 2, coauthored with Thomas Holgersson, considers derivation of a univariate and a multivariate version of a test for asymmetry, based on the third central moment. The logic behind the test is that the dependent variable should correspond to the specification of the econometric model; symmetric with linear models and asymmetric with non-linear models. The main result in the empirical application of the test is that orthodox theory seems to be supported for consumption of both nondurable and durable consumption. The consumption of durables shows little deviation from symmetry in the four-country sample, while the consumption of nondurables is shown to be asymmetric in two out of four cases, the UK and the US.Essay 3 departs from the observation that introducing income uncertainty makes the consumption function concave, implying that the distributions of wealth and income are omitted variables in aggregate Euler equations. This implication is tested through estimation of the distributions over time and augmentation of consumption functions, using Swedish data for 1963-2000. The results show that only the dispersion of wealth is significant, the explanation of which is found in the marked changes of the group of households with negative wealth; a group that according to a concave consumption function has the highest marginal propensity to consume.Essay 4 attempts to empirically specify the nature of the alleged concavity of the consumption function. Using grouped household level Swedish data for 1999-2001, it is shown that the marginal propensity to consume out of current resources, i.e. current income and net wealth, is strictly decreasing in current resources and net wealth, but approximately constant in income. Also, an empirical reciprocal to the stylized theoretical consumption function is estimated, and shown to bear a close resemblance to the theoretical version.
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| 40. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(author)
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A study on the relationship between energy performance and IEQ parameters in school buildings
- 2021
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In: E3S Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2555-0403 .- 2267-1242. ; 246
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the last decades, strong focus has been placed on the energy efficiency of buildings; not least school buildings. Energy performance (EP) of buildings is nowadays in principle described by one single indicator based on purchased energy in kWh/year.m2. Another important building performance aspect is the indoor environmental quality. This study's overarching goal is to identify school buildings with a good balance between energy performance and indoor environment. Thus, this paper investigates possible correlations between information given in energy performance certificates (EPCs/e.g. energy use, year of construction, type of ventilation) and measured indoor environmental parameters. The work comprises investigation of approximately 20 school buildings with different ventilation systems in Gothenburg. In-situ investigations of the buildings' properties and ventilation systems were conducted. Indoor environmental parameters were recorded during one week in each classroom. In this paper, indoor temperature, absolute humidity added indoors and CO2 concentration data are compared with the corresponding school's energy performance data and ventilation type. Results suggest that mechanically ventilated buildings have clearer relationships between energy performance, building indicators and measured indoor environment. For buildings such as naturally ventilated, the relationships are usually weak, and the values spread over much wider ranges.
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| 41. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Measured and perceived IEQ under different ventilation strategies in Swedish classrooms
- 2022
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In: 17th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, INDOOR AIR 2022.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Indoor environmental quality was assessed in Swedish primary school classrooms grouped into three categories based on the ventilation system: 1) natural or exhaust ventilation, 2) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with constant air volume (CAV), 3) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with variable air volume (VAV). Measurements of NO2, ozone, TVOC, formaldehyde, PM10, and PM2.5 and a questionnaire survey were conducted. The concentrations of pollutants were integrated into Indoor Air Pollution Index allowing the rank comparison of classrooms. Children’s perception scores were calculated based on the questionnaire responses. Naturally ventilated classrooms had higher level of air pollution. No significant differences in pollutant levels were observed between classrooms with CAV and VAV systems. The type of ventilation system affected the subjective assessment of indoor air quality; it was worst in naturally ventilated classrooms.
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| 42. |
- Cabovska, Blanka, 1990, et al.
(author)
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Ventilation strategies and indoor air quality in Swedish primary school classrooms
- 2022
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In: Building and Environment. - Göteborg : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 226, s. 109744-109744
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study aimed at investigating the effects of ventilation strategies on indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools. Measurements of thermal environment and IAQ were performed over 5 school days in 45 primary school classrooms in Gothenburg, Sweden, grouped into three categories according to their ventilation system: category A) natural or exhaust ventilation, or automated window opening; category B) balanced mechanical ventilationsystems with constant air volume (CAV) and category C) balanced mechanical ventilation systems with variable air volume (VAV). The classrooms performed equally well with respect to temperature and relative humidity regardless of the ventilation system. The concentrations of the air pollutants in all classrooms were generally below the respective guideline values. The concentrations of CO2, formaldehyde, PM10, and PM2.5 were lower in the B and C category classrooms with higher ventilation rates than in the A category classrooms. Indoor Air Pollution Index integrating concentrations of multiple pollutants was significantly higher the A category classrooms, reflecting poorer IAQ. Majority of the classrooms had lower ventilation rates than the Swedish ventilation requirements. The periodically reduced ventilation rates in the classrooms with VAV systems did not lead to substantial increase in the measured indoor pollutant concentrations.
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, 1975-
(author)
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Essays on Discrimination in Hiring
- 2009
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis consists of four self-contained essays on discrimination in hiring. Essay I (co-authored with Dan-Olof Rooth) present evidence of ethnic discrimination in the recruitment process by sending fictitious applications to real job openings. Applications with identical skills were randomly assigned Middle Eastern or Swedish-sounding names and applications with a Swedish name receive fifty percent more callbacks for an interview. We extend previous analyses by adding register and interview information on firms/recruiters to the experimental data. We find that male recruiters and workplaces with fewer than twenty employees less often call applications with a Middle Eastern name for an interview. Essay II extends previous field experiments that study ethnic discrimination in the labour market by comparing discrimination of first and second generation immigrants from the same ethnic group. Qualitatively identical resumes, belonging to first and second generation immigrants from the Middle East, were sent to employers in Sweden that had advertised for labour. The findings suggest, somewhat unexpectedly, that first and second generation immigrants have essentially the same probability of being invited to a job interview, which in turn is significantly lower than the probability of invitation to interview for natives. Accordingly, the factor leading to discrimination in employers responses appears to be ethnicity per se and not an applicant’s country of birth, foreign mother-tongue, and foreign education. Essay III (co-authored with Dan-Olof Rooth) utilizes the extensive media coverage that occurred when the data collection of essay I and II were only halfway finished. This informed the employers that their hiring practices were being monitored by such situation testing. These unique events and the data from the situation tests are utilized to perform a difference-in-differences analysis of whether discrimination decreased after the media coverage. The results reveal no sign that employers changed their hiring practices after they became aware of the risk of being included in such a situation test. The policy implication of this relates to the fact that EU countries vary in the extent to which they allow situation test results to constitute evidence of ethnic discrimination in court. Our results suggest that the detection risk alone is not sufficient, but must be combined with some penalty to become effective, if authorities wish to use situation testing as a discrimination prevention strategy. Essay IV studies whether sex discrimination is the cause of sex segregation in the Swedish labor market. The correspondence testing (CT) method was used, which entails two qualitatively identical applications, one with a female name and one with a male name, being sent to employers advertising for labor. The results show that, on average, females have a somewhat higher callback rate to interview in female-dominated occupations, while in male-dominated occupations there is no evidence of any difference. This suggests that the bulk of the sex segregation prevailing in the Swedish labor market cannot be explained by discrimination in hiring. Instead, the explanation is likely to be found on the supply side.
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| 44. |
- Christiansen, Lars Breum, et al.
(author)
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A comparative analysis of movement and physical activity in early childhood teacher education policy in five Nordic countries
- 2024
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In: Frontiers in sports and active living. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9367. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction : The aim of this study is to investigate the integration of movement and physical activity (MoPA) within Early Childhood Teacher Education (ECTE) policies across Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. This knowledge can inform the development of ECTE policies and practices that promote MoPA in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in Nordic countries and other countries worldwide. Methods : In this study, a Nordic cross-national network of researchers collaborated in investigating policy documents at the national and university levels, which govern the education of ECEC teachers. This study was inspired by the Non-affirmative Theory of Education, which provides a framework for understanding the various influences on curricular development in higher education. Based on this, a four-step comparative analytical process of national and university documents across the Nordic countries was conducted. It included keyword search for MoPA related courses and a qualitative description of MoPA in ECTE. Thus, a combination of investigations of policy documents at the national and university level and expert knowledge set a solid foundation for international comparison. Results : The comparative analysis of MoPA in ECTE reveals diverse approaches influenced by national and university policies. A central theme is the variability in MoPA integration across these nations. Finland and Norway prioritize MoPA with independent mandatory courses. In Iceland, compulsory MoPA courses exist at one of two universities, and in Sweden at three out of 19. All university colleges in Denmark offer an elective course. Furthermore, learning objectives related to MoPA are, to varying degrees, part of the internships in the countries, with Sweden being an exception. In the participating countries, the teachers decide the content of the MoPA courses with little guidance, support, and agreement on essential MoPA content within and across the ECTE's. Norway has established guidelines, and in Finland, there is a network of ECTE Physical Education (PE) educators, which, to some degree, increases the consistency and quality of MoPA in education. Discussion : The Nordic countries present diverse MoPA integration approaches rooted in national policies and educational traditions. The findings emphasize the necessity of independent and mandatory MoPA courses, integration of MoPA into internships and promoting networks across the educational and academic sectors to equip future early childhood educators with competencies for fostering physical activity, motor development and children's well-being.
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| 45. |
- Dahlgren, Anita, et al.
(author)
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Idrott och hälsa i skolan, och föreningsidrott på fritiden – eller?
- 2007
-
In: Resultatdialog 2007. - : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173071154 ; , s. 29-35
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Skolans verksamhet är ständigt i fokus och föremål för mångas tänkande och tyckande. Alla är eller har på något sätt varit berörda av den. Skolan är en komplex verksamhet, som skall uppfylla både samhällets och individens behov och krav. Verksamheten studeras och utvärderas för att göra den så givande och bra som möjligt för varje enskild individ. I ett skolämne som Idrott och hälsa finns även en tydlig relation till föreningsliv (idrott) och en betydelse för samhället (hälsa). På senare tid har ett ökat antal studier fokuserat på ämnet och dess förutsättningar och effekter. Många av dessa studier har koncentrerat sig på lärares/elevers uppfattning av verksamheten och är inte i första hand studier av de processer som sker i själva verksamheten. Det finns således ett behov av kunskap om de organiserade lärandesituationerna i skolan. Syftet med projektet är att, med den organiserade lärandesituationen i centrum, dvs., lektionen i Idrott och hälsa, studera och beskriva olika faktorer som påverkar skeendet, och en central del är att studera det faktiska skeendet. Lärarnas och elevernas förståelse för och erfarenhet av idrott och ämnet Idrott och hälsa utgör en andra del av studien. En tredje del syftar till att belysa de sociala sammanhang elever och lärare befinner sig i med hänsyn bland annat till kön och social bakgrund.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Dalenbäck, Jan-Olof, 1954, et al.
(author)
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Låg luftfuktighet i svenska bostäder – ett problem?
- 2021
-
In: Energi & miljö. ; 10
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Låg relativ luftfuktighet inomhus är ett problem i många svenska bostäder under uppvärmningssäsongen, mera i lägenheter än i småhus, i hus byggda efter 1985 och i de norra delarna av landet. Ventilation av nya bostäder blir en allt viktigare faktor med avseende på luftfuktigheten inomhus.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Diab, R, et al.
(author)
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Effect of triple costimulation blockade on islet allograft survival in sensitized mice.
- 2010
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In: Transplantation proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2623 .- 0041-1345. ; 42:6, s. 2109-11
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Islet allograft rejection in sensitized recipients is difficult to control by costimulation blockade using anti-CD154 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig). Because leukocyte function antigen (LFA) 1 is highly expressed on memory T cells, adding an LFA-1 blockade may inhibit memory T-cell activities. We examined the effects on islet allograft survival of triple costimulation blockade in presensitized recipient mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were sensitized by transplantation under the kidney capsule or intraperitoneal injection of Balb/c islets. Four weeks after transplantation, sensitization was confirmed by flow-cytometric detection of alloreactive antibodies. Diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin. Recipients were transplanted with 200 Balb/c islets under the right kidney capsule. Graft function was assessed by daily blood glucose and body weight records. Transplanted animals were divided into 3 treatment groups: group 1, control antibody; group 2, anti-CD154 and CTLA-4 Ig double therapy; group 3, anti-CD154, CTLA4Ig, and anti-LFA-1 triple therapy. Injections were administered every second day from day -2 to day 8. RESULTS: Naïve mice rejected islet allografts between days 7 and 29 (mean 16 +/- 6 d; n = 5), sensitized mice in group 1 between days 0 and 14 (mean 7 +/- 5 d; n = 8), in group 2 between days 4 and 16 (mean 8 +/- 4 d; n = 7), and in group 3 between days 4 and 26 (mean 11 +/- 7 d; n = 10). CONCLUSION: Triple costimulation blockade with anti-CD154, CTLA4Ig, and anti-LFA-1 was not sufficient to improve islet allograft survival in sensitized recipients.
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| 50. |
- Djärv, Emma, et al.
(author)
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Dummy run for a phase II study of stereotactic body radiotherapy of T1-T2 N0M0 medical inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.
- 2006
-
In: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 45:7, s. 973-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In forthcoming multicentre studies on stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) compliance with volume and dose prescriptions will be mandatory to avoid unnecessary heterogeneity bias. To evaluate compliance in a multicentre setting we used two cases from an ongoing phase II study of SBRT of T1-T2N0M0 inoperable NSCLC in a dummy run oriented on volumes and doses. Six Scandinavian centres participated. Each centre received CT-scans covering the whole lung volumes of two patients with instructions to follow the study protocol when outlining tumour and target volumes, prescribing doses and creating dose plans. Volumes and doses of the 12 dose plans were evaluated according to the study protocol. For the two patients the GTV volume range was 24 to 39 cm3 and 26 to 41 cm3, respectively. The PTV volume range was 90 to 116 cm3, and 112 to 155 cm3, respectively. For all plans the margin between CTV and PTV in all directions followed in detail the protocol. The prescribed dose was for all centres 45 Gy/3 fractions (isocentre dose about 66 Gy). The mean GTV doses ranged from 63 to 67 Gy and from 63 to 68 Gy, respectively. The minimum doses for GTV were between 50-64 Gy and between 55-65 Gy, respectively. The dose distribution was conformed to PTV for 10 of 12 plans and 2 of 12 plans from one centre had sub-optimal dose distribution. Most of the volume and dose parameters for the participating centres showed fully acceptable compliance with the study protocol.
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