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| 3. |
- Meredith, Lauren, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Analyses of injuries to equestrians in a Swedish district over a 16-year period
- 2019
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Ingår i: Translational Sports Medicine. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2573-8488. ; 2:5, s. 264-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horse riding is a popular, yet dangerous, sport, and as such, horse-related injuries contribute considerably to the total number of people hospitalized every year. While some investigations have explored this public health issue, many have focused only on hospital registrations or insurance information, while neglecting the cases where the rider may have not required hospitalization. This study investigated the pattern of equestrian injuries in Sweden and examined factors for predicting hospitalized injuries, using visits to hospital, local medical centers, and public dental services. Data were gathered over a 16-year period at all medical facilities within Skaraborg, Sweden, and retrospectively reviewed. There were 7815 horse-related injury events during the study period. The sample of horse-related injuries were largely represented by females (88%) and those aged between 10 and 20 years old. Injuries commonly took place during private/leisure time (90.8%) and in the afternoon. Logistic regression analysis found that older riders were significantly more likely to be admitted to hospital (OR = 1.013), while female riders were less likely to be admitted than males (OR = 0.739). The numbers of people registering at medical facilities due to horse-related injuries are increasing. Therefore, improved intervention measures must be further investigated.
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| 4. |
- Meredith, Lauren, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Equestrian-related injuries, predictors of fatalities, and the impact on the public health system in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 168, s. 67-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Horse riding is a popular activity but has also been found to lead to many injuries and even fatalities. No reduction in the numbers of those being admitted to hospital for equestrian-related injuries have been seen in Sweden in recent years. The aim of this work was to examine injuries, fatalities, and predictors of fatalities in equestrian-related activities and to investigate the cost of these injuries to the public health system. Study design The study is a retrospective analysis of hospital data. Methods National Swedish hospital and mortality registers were retrospectively examined, inclusive of the years 1997–2014. Logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of fatal injuries, and cost of hospital treatment was considered. Results Over the study period, there were an observed 29,850 injured cases and 51 fatalities. Women comprized almost 90% of those injured and 70% of fatalities. The average age was 26.8 years (range 0–91, standard deviation [SD] = 16.1) for injured and 43 years (range 7–78 years, SD = 20.5) for fatal cases. Men dominated both injured and fatal samples in the older age ranges (Fatal: >50 years; Injured: >70 years), although overall numbers were small. Injuries to the head contributed more than any other body region for both injured and fatal cases, and fractures were the most frequently seen injury type. A chi-squared analysis confirmed that injury type and injured body region were not independent of age. Logistic regression examining the association between fatality and age, gender, home region, and year of injury, indicating trends over time, found that there was an increase of 5.1% in the odds of fatality for every year increase in age of the patient and men had 2.2 times higher odds to be in the fatal sample than women. The conservative estimated cost of injury was 1800 Euro per injury event, equating to over 3 million Euro per year. Conclusion Equestrian-related injury events present a major public health concern. Observed decreases in fatalities suggest improved health care, yet head injury and fatality rates are still high, indicating a need for further intervention. The type of injury changes with the age group, and a better understanding of injury patterns with age is needed to identify protective measures for the different user groups.
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| 5. |
- Meredith, Lauren, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Horse-related incidents and factors for predicting injuries to the head
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. - : BMJ. - 2055-7647. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Head injuries are the leading cause of death in horse-related injury events and, even since the introduction of helmets, represent a sizeable proportion of all horse-related injuries. Falls from horseback and kicks to the head are the most frequent type of incident causing head injuries, but it is unknown whether these incidents are predictors of head injury. This study aimed to investigate head injuries and the association between incident type and head injury. Method Retrospective review of 7815 horse-related injury events was conducted. Data were gathered from hospitals, local healthcare centres and public dental services in Skaraborg, Sweden. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the incident type and occurrence of head injury while controlling for risk factors. Results Approximately 20% of riders sustained a head injury, mostly soft tissue injuries (56.3%) and concussions (33.4%). A fall from or with the horse was the primary cause of head injury (63.9%). Those who fell from a carriage or other height or who were injured through contact with the horse had no difference in the likelihood of head injury when compared with those that fell from or with the horse. However, those who sustained an injury without any horse contact had lower odd of head injury (OR: 0.640, p<0.00005, 95% CI 0.497 to 0.734). Additionally, the older the rider, the lower the odds of head injury (OR=0.989, p<0.00005, 95% CI 0.985 to 0.993). Conclusion Improved protection for those suffering falls from horseback as well as those who are kicked in the head should be investigated.
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| 8. |
- Timpka, Toomas, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Community-level football injury epidemiology : traumatic injuries treated at Swedish emergency medical facilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 28:1, s. 94-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the popularity of the sport, few studies have investigated community-level football injury patterns. This study examines football injuries treated at emergency medical facilities using data from three Swedish counties.Methods: An open-cohort design was used based on residents aged 0-59 years in three Swedish counties (pop. 645 520). Data were collected from emergency medical facilities in the study counties between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2010. Injury frequencies and proportions for age groups stratified by sex were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and displayed per diagnostic group and body location.Results: Each year, more than 1/200 person aged 0-59 years sustained at least one injury during football play that required emergency medical care. The highest injury incidence was observed among adolescent boys [2009 injuries per 100 000 population years (95% CI 1914-2108)] and adolescent girls [1413 injuries per 100 000 population years (95% CI 1333-1498)]. For female adolescents and adults, knee joint/ligament injury was the outstanding injury type (20% in ages 13-17 years and 34% in ages 18-29 years). For children aged 7-12 years, more than half of the treated injuries involved the upper extremity; fractures constituted about one-third of these injuries.Conclusions: One of every 200 residents aged 0-59 years in typical Swedish counties each year sustained a traumatic football injury that required treatment in emergency healthcare. Further research on community-level patterns of overuse syndromes sustained by participation in football play is warranted.
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- Zare, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Distortions as Trauma-Specific Irrational Beliefs Among Burn Patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Burn Care & Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 1559-047X .- 1559-0488. ; 40:3, s. 361-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burn injuries are most certainly stressful events, particularly when permanent disfigurement is a result. This situation can lead to the onset of irrational beliefs which can in turn lead to long-term psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, shame, guilt, posttraumatic stress, etc. The objective of this study is to explore the irrational beliefs among burn patients and its correlates in an Iranian sample. This cross-sectional study included 329 patients who had experienced disfigurement, as result of burn injuries. In order to assess irrational beliefs, a Scale for Irrational Thoughts after Burning was used. To identify correlated variables with irrational beliefs, both bivariate and multivariate analysis methods were conducted. In multivariate linear regression, forward strategy was used for building the model. The results of bivariate analysis showed that the location of the burn on bodies (body parts generally exposed in social environment or parts culturally perceived as sensitive areas of body), marital status, urbanities, age group, geographical areas, etiology of burning, and intent of injury had significant relationships with irrational beliefs (P < .05). Using forward linear regression, gender, marital status, geographical areas, etiology of burning, body burn by location (body parts generally exposed in social environment or parts culturally perceived as sensitive areas of body), and intent of injury had significant correlation with irrational beliefs. The models predicted 15.5% (P < .001) of irrational beliefs. Considering to irrational beliefs and development of facilities for screening is necessary. Moreover, consultation with mental health experts after burn injuries is highly recommended.
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| 11. |
- Zare, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Irrational thinking and its predictors among burn patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1475-5785 .- 1353-8047. ; 24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Burn injuries are most certainly stressful events, particularly when permanent disfigurement is a result. This situation can lead to the onset of irrational beliefs which can in turn lead to long-term psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, shame, guilt, posttraumatic stress, etc. The objective of this study is to determinate predictors of irrational beliefs among burn patients in Iran. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 329 burn patients. In order to assess irrational beliefs, Scale for Irrational Thoughts after Burning (SITB) was used. To identify predictors of irrational thoughts, both bivariate and multivariate analysis method were conducted. In multivariate linear regression, forward strategy was used for building the model. Preliminary variable selection for model design was based on a p<0.2 and final decision for keeping the variables in the model was based on a p<0.05. Results The results of bivariate analysis showed that body burned location (body parts generally exposed in social environment or parts culturally perceived as sensitive areas of body), marital status, urbanities, age group, geographical areas, etiology of burning and intent of injury had significant relationships with irrational thoughts. (p<0.05) Using forward linear regression, gender, marital status, geographical areas, etiology of burning, body burned location (body parts generally exposed in social environment or parts culturally perceived as sensitive areas of body), and intent of injury were significant predictors of the SITB. The models predicted 15.5 percent (p<0.001) of irrational thoughts. Conclusion Considering to irrational thoughts and development of facilities for screening is necessary. Moreover, consultation with mental health experts after burn injuries is highly recommended.
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| 12. |
- Zare, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Properties of a New Instrument for Assessing Irrational Thoughts in Burn Victims (Scale of Irrational Thoughts After Burn Injuries)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association.. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1559-047X .- 1559-0488. ; 38:5, s. E834-E841
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a scale for assessing irrational thoughts among burned patients. The present study was mixed (qualitative-methodologic) which was performed in several stages such as investigating similar or related scales, interviewing with patients and psychologists. Content validity was calculated by modified KAPPA basis on relevance and clarity. The reliability of the scale was measured using internal consistency and the test-retest method. To determine the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis approach using maximum likelihood extraction with varimax rotation was conducted. A total of 329 burned patients were recruited from Tehran, Tabriz, and Kermanshah provinces of Iran. Modified kappa scores were 0.80 and 0.91 for relevance and clarity of the items included in scale. The Cronbach alpha for overall scale, subscale 1, and subscale 2 were 0.89, 0.88, and 0.8, respectively. Test-retest reliability was also acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80). The best solution from the maximum likelihood analysis of the 39 items of the scale revealed two factors corresponding to the two subscales with 14 items that subscale 1 (self-acceptance) consisted of 10 statements accounting for 60% of the variance (eigenvalue = 5.04) and subscale 2 (distastefulness and pity) consisted of four statements accounting for 40% of the variance (eigenvalue = 1.53). The scale reflects acceptable levels of validity and reliability in assessing the irrational thoughts among Iranian patients. Moreover, the testing populations of both patients with burned faces and patients with other burned body parts indicates that the scale may also be applicable for patients' burn disfigurements on any part of their bodies.
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| 14. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Fall-related injuries for three ages groups - Analysis of Swedish registry data 1999-2013
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4375. ; 73, s. 143-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze which factors (including factors pertaining to the individual, the household, and the local area) increase the risk of fall injuries for the three age groups with the highest risk for fall injuries in Sweden. Method: The study combined longitudinal data covering the period 1999-2013 from several different official registries from Statistics Sweden as well as from the Swedish health care system and fitted the models to data using mixed model regressions. Results: Three age groups had a markedly heightened risk for fall injuries: 1-3-year olds, 12-14 year olds, and the elderly (65+). The home was the most common location for fall injuries, as about 40% of all fall injuries occur in the home. Only for the elderly strong predictors for fall injuries were found, and these were: age, single household, and special housing. Conclusions: There is preventive potential in the special residences for the elderly and disabled. People living in these special residences make up a strongly selected group that needs extra safe environments. Our findings indicate that their needs are currently not meet.
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| 16. |
- Ekbrand, Hans, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The rise and fall of injury prevention programs in Sweden.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at the 2ned Nordic Meeting, Society for Risk Analysis Europe, in Gothenburg 14-15 november, 2016..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is a spin‐off from a project about injury events ‐ falling, cutting and poisoning ‐ in residental settings.
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| 25. |
- Lapointe, Jacques, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression profiling identifies clinically relevant subtypes of prostate cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 101:3, s. 811-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer, a leading cause of cancer death, displays a broad range of clinical behavior from relatively indolent to aggressive metastatic disease. To explore potential molecular variation underlying this clinical heterogeneity, we profiled gene expression in 62 primary prostate tumors, as well as 41 normal prostate specimens and nine lymph node metastases, using cDNA microarrays containing ≈26,000 genes. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering readily distinguished tumors from normal samples, and further identified three subclasses of prostate tumors based on distinct patterns of gene expression. High-grade and advanced stage tumors, as well as tumors associated with recurrence, were disproportionately represented among two of the three subtypes, one of which also included most lymph node metastases. To further characterize the clinical relevance of tumor subtypes, we evaluated as surrogate markers two genes differentially expressed among tumor subgroups by using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays representing an independent set of 225 prostate tumors. Positive staining for MUC1, a gene highly expressed in the subgroups with "aggressive" clinicopathological features, was associated with an elevated risk of recurrence (P = 0.003), whereas strong staining for AZGP1, a gene highly expressed in the other subgroup, was associated with a decreased risk of recurrence (P = 0.0008). In multivariate analysis, MUC1 and AZGP1 staining were strong predictors of tumor recurrence independent of tumor grade, stage, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels. Our results suggest that prostate tumors can be usefully classified according to their gene expression patterns, and these tumor subtypes may provide a basis for improved prognostication and treatment stratification.
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| 29. |
- Meredith, Lauren, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of Equestrian Accidents: a Literature Review
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences & Practice. - 1540-580X. ; 17:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This manuscript aimed to present a review of the literature pertaining to horse riding and other horse-related injuries. Method: A review of the literature was performed, searching for appropriate terms with regard to horse accidents, horse riding injuries and protective clothing for the horse riding context. The literature review search returned 151 relevant full-text articles, with 71 of these detailing the overall injury epidemiology of horse-related accidents. Most of these studies were conducted in the USA and used a retrospective review of hospital data methodology. Results: Of the 71 articles investigated, 60 suggested that those most frequently involved in horse-related accidents are young females and 97% of papers investigating injury mechanisms found the most commonly involved was a fall from horseback. It was suggested in multiple studies that these injury events mostly occurred in warm weather conditions, when the horse behaved in an unexpected manner. Injury type and location varied by the primary mechanism of injury, but frequently-involved body regions were the head and upper extremities, and the most common injuries observed were fractures and soft tissue injuries. Neurological trauma was reported by all relevant studies to be the most frequent cause of fatality. Conclusion: Some improvements in horse-related accident numbers and outcomes have been observed with the development and introduction of protective devices such as helmets and vests. Yet despite the benefits of helmet and vest usage, there is evidence to suggest helmets do not perform as well as they could. Further work could investigate improvements in safety measures and risk factors associated with fatalities.
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| 30. |
- Sadeghpour, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries: a case-control study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries in a sample of Iranian pedestrians. METHODS: Through a case-control study, a case population of 177 pedestrians injured by the vehicles in road traffic crashes were compared with 177 controls who lacked a record of intentional or unintentional injuries enrolled from various wards of Imam Reza University Hospital which is a specialty teaching hospital located in the same city with similar referral level. The cases and controls had an age range of 18-65 years and were matched on gender and age. ADHD symptom profile was assessed using the Persian Self-report Screening Version of the Conner's Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-S:SV). The association of ADHD screening score and pedestrian injuries was investigated using multiple binary logistic regression to investigate the independent effect of ADHD index score on belonging to case group. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios were reported. RESULTS: Men comprised 86.4% of the study subjects. The crude odds ratios for all the four ADHD subscales to be associated with pedestrian injuries were 1.05, 1.08, and 1.04 for the subscales A (attention deficit), B (hyperactivity/impulsiveness) and ADHD index respectively. However, the association for subscale A was not statistically significant with a borderline p-value. The final multivariate analysis showed that variables associated with pedestrian injuries in the road traffic crashes were ADHD Index score (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12); economic status (including household income and expenditure capacity); educational level and total walking time per 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Adult ADHD screening score can predict pedestrian injuries leading to hospitalization independently from sex, age, economic status, educational level and pedestrian exposure to traffic environment (average walking time).
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| 31. |
- Thodelius, Charlotta, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Injury events sustained in residential environments: age and physical disability as explanatory factors for differences in injury patterns in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Housing and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2376-0923 .- 0888-2746. ; 44:1-2, s. 127-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim is to analyze how age and physical (dis)ability jointly condition the probability of different types of injuries in residential settings, in order to identify injury countermeasures. There is a need to identify risk factors associated with injuries involving disabled people in their homes. The data include 62,674 records of unintentional injuries in the residential settings from Injury Database 2001–2015. Injuries were twice as likely to occur in residential settings, compared to other environments. Individuals with dis-abilities were more likely to be injured in their residences through falls, compared to non disabled individuals. Contusion was a more common injury type in the disabled group, while open wounds were more common in the non disabled group. Age was the most important factor for predicting fractures and the risk for fractures increased by age, while risk factors related to physical disability did not appear to play a role. The evidence is clear that people with disabilities, and older people without disabilities, would benefit from safety interventions in their home to reduce harm from falls after they have occurred. In keeping with principles to support autonomy, it is recommended that a range of passive measures be implemented to reduce injury risks.
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