| 1. |
- Pendleton, Hillevi, et al.
(författare)
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Motilin concentrations in relation to gastro intestinal dysmotility in diabetes mellitus.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of internal medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0828 .- 0953-6205. ; 20:6, s. 654-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Dysmotility in the upper gastro intestinal (GI) tract are common problems in diabetics. Many peptides are involved in the regulation of the motility. The aim of this study was to examine whether plasma levels of motilin were related to dysfunction in the oesophagus and stomach in a well-defined diabetic patient group. METHODS: Nineteen patients with symptoms from the GI tract who had been examined with oesophageal manometry, gastric emptying scintigraphy and deep-breathing test were included. They received a fat-rich meal, after which blood samples were collected and analysed for motilin concentrations. RESULTS: Symptoms of abdominal fullness and gastro oesophageal reflux significantly associated with delayed gastric emptying, whereas no symptom correlated to oesophageal dysmotility. Plasma levels of motilin were increased after the fat-rich meal (p=0.000), with no difference between the groups. Abnormal manometry was characterized by aperistalsis and/or simultaneous contractions. The percentage of simultaneous contractions correlated to basic and peak motilin values (r(s)=0.898, p=0.006 and r(s)=0.842, p=0.017, respectively). Gastric emptying did not influence motilin concentrations. CONCLUSION: Plasma motilin concentrations vary with abnormalities of oesophageal motility in diabetics, but not with abnormalities of gastric emptying.
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| 2. |
- Ambrus, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Psychopathology in Attempted Suicide
- 2016
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0302-282X .- 1423-0224. ; 73:4, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Increasing evidence suggests a link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and suicidal behaviour (SB). Furthermore, decreased peripheral BDNF levels have been associated with clinical symptoms in various psychiatric disorders as well as with personality dimensions in healthy individuals. However, the relationship between BDNF and psychopathology is poorly investigated regarding SB. Methods: Plasma BDNF concentrations were analysed in 61 recent suicide attempters. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Personality dimensions were assessed using the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale. Results: Plasma BDNF correlated positively and significantly with the personality dimension Solidity but not with the other personality dimensions or with clinical symptoms. Conclusion: BDNF plays an important role in the regulation of neuroplasticity and neurogenesis in humans. Our results indicate that lower BDNF concentrations are associated with higher levels of impulsiveness and changeability (low scores on the Solidity scale). Furthermore, low plasma BDNF levels may be proposed as a trait marker rather than a state marker for attempted suicide. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 3. |
- Asberg, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Novel biochemical markers of psychosocial stress in women.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prolonged psychosocial stress is a condition assessed through self-reports. Here we aimed to identify biochemical markers for screening and early intervention in women. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL) 1-alpha, IL1-beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (INF-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), prolactin, and testosterone were measured in: 195 women on long-term sick-leave for a stress-related affective disorder, 45 women at risk for professional burnout, and 84 healthy women. RESULTS: We found significantly increased levels of MCP-1, VEGF and EGF in women exposed to prolonged psychosocial stress. Statistical analysis indicates that they independently associate with a significant risk for being classified as ill. CONCLUSIONS: MCP-1, EGF, and VEGF are potential markers for screening and early intervention in women under prolonged psychosocial stress.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, John, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Sustained Sleep Restriction on Mitogen-Stimulated Cytokines, Chemokines and T Helper 1/T Helper 2 Balance in Humans
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent studies suggest that acute sleep deprivation disrupts cellular immune responses by shifting T helper (Th) cell activity towards a Th2 cytokine profile. Since little is known about more long-term effects, we investigated how five days of sleep restriction would affect pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, Th1- and Th2 cytokine secretion. Methods: Nine healthy males participated in an experimental sleep protocol with two baseline sleep-wake cycles (sleep 23.00 - 07.00 h) followed by 5 days with restricted sleep (03.00 - 07.00 h). On the second baseline day and on the fifth day with restricted sleep, samples were drawn every third hour for determination of cytokines/chemokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL) -1 beta, IL-2, IL-4 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) after in vitro stimulation of whole blood samples with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Also leukocyte numbers, mononuclear cells and cortisol were analysed. Results: 5-days of sleep restriction affected PHA-induced immune responses in several ways. There was a general decrease of IL-2 production (p<.05). A shift in Th1/Th2 cytokine balance was also evident, as determined by a decrease in IL2/IL4 ratio. No other main effects of restricted sleep were shown. Two significant interactions showed that restricted sleep resulted in increased TNF-alpha and MCP-1 in the late evening and early night hours (p's<.05). In addition, all variables varied across the 24 h day. Conclusions: 5-days of sleep restriction is characterized by a shift towards Th2 activity (i.e. lower 1L-2/IL-4 ratio) which is similar to the effects of acute sleep deprivation and psychological stress. This may have implications for people suffering from conditions characterized by excessive Th2 activity like in allergic disease, such as asthma, for whom restricted sleep could have negative consequences. BAS AK, 1991, IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS, V123, P5
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Davidsson, Pia, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical mass spectrometry in neuroscience. Proteomics and peptidomics.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). - 0145-5680 .- 1165-158X. ; 49:5, s. 681-8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review we discuss the merits and drawbacks with the use of proteomic and peptidomic strategies for identification of proteins and peptides in their multidimensional interactions in complex biological processes. The progress in proteomics and peptidomics during the last years offer us new challenges to study changes in the protein and peptide synthesis. These strategies also offer new tools to follow post-translational modifications and other disturbed chemical processes that may be indicative of pathophysiological alteration(s). Furthermore these techniques can contribute to improvements in the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and psychiatric diseases, as depression and post traumatic stress disorders. We also consider different practical aspects of the applications of mass spectrometry in clinical neuroscience, illustrated by example from our laboratories. The new proteomic and peptidomic strategies will further enable the progress for clinical neuroscience research.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Ekman, Rolf, 1938, et al.
(författare)
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A flourishing brain in the 21st century: A scoping review of the impact of developing good habits for mind, brain, well-being, and learning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Mind, Brain and Education. - : Wiley. - 1751-228X .- 1751-2271. ; 16:1, s. 13-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging scientific knowledge such as the role of epigenetics and neuroplasticity—the brain’s capability to constantly rewire with every action, experience, and thought—is fundamentally changing our understanding of the potential impact we can have on our brain. Our brain is formed by our habits in interaction with our body, the environment, influenced by our lifestyle, successes, failures, and traumas. Neuroplasticity proves that every student’s brain is a work in progress, and it is never too late to take better care of one’s cognitive fitness. This review presents a repertoire of good habits (GHs). Combined, we suggest that these GHs provide conditions for optimal brain health, by acting as a “Mental Vaccine” which enhances the brain’s resilience to brain health-degrading challenges. We argue hat schools have a crucial role to play in empowering students to increase their own stress resilience, well-being, and learning by developing their own GHs profile.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ekman, Rolf, 1938, et al.
(författare)
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Den lärande hjärnan i den digitala tidsåldern
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lärandets grunder - teorier och perspektiv. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144068503
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Ekström, Jörgen, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Sympathectomy-induced increases in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, substance P- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-levels in parotid and submandibular glands of the rat
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arch Oral Biol. ; 50:10, s. 909-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neuropeptide contents of rat salivary glands were increased four weeks after sympathetic postganglionic denervation (but not after preganglionic denervation): calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by 400 and 65% in the parotid and submandibular glands, respectively; substance P by 30% in the submandibular gland; and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) by 30% in the parotid gland. The sensory neurotoxin capsaicin prevented the expected increases of CGRP and substance P in the submandibular glands and of VIP in the parotid glands. The CGRP-increase in the parotid gland was, however, only reduced (by 65%). Parasympathetic otic ganglionectomy reduced the peptide levels in the parotid glands (CGRP--50%, VIP--98% and substance P--99%). From these residual levels, CGRP increased almost 8-fold and substance P 3-fold in response to the sympathetic denervation, while VIP was unaffected. In the parasympathetically denervated glands, the capsaicin-sensitive contribution to the CGRP-response to sympathetic denervation was roughly estimated to be more than 25% but less than 40%, while the corresponding contribution to the substance P-response was roughly estimated to be more than 6% but less than 58%. Most likely not only CGRP/substance P-containing sensory C-fibres (submandibular and parotid glands) but also parasympathetic VIP-containing secretomotor and vasomotor fibres (parotid glands) contributed to the capsaicin-sensitive response to sympathetic denervation.
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| 15. |
- Elias, Erik, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Central nervous system lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2-synthase is correlated with orexigenic neuropeptides, visceral adiposity and markers of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in obese humans.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of neuroendocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2826 .- 0953-8194. ; 23:6, s. 501-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2-synthase (L-PGDS) is the main producer of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in the central nervous system (CNS). Animal data suggest effects of central nervous L-PGDS in the regulation of food intake and obesity. No human data are available. We hypothesised that a role for CNS L-PGDS in metabolic function in humans would be reflected by correlations with known orexigenic neuropeptides. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples were retrieved from 26 subjects in a weight loss study, comprising a 3-week dietary lead-in followed by 12-weeks of leptin or placebo treatment. At baseline, CSF L-PGDS was positively correlated with neuropeptide Y (NPY) (ρ=0.695, P<0.001, n=26) and galanin (ρ=0.651, P<0.001) as well as visceral adipose tissue (ρ=0.415, P=0.035). Furthermore, CSF L-PGDS was inversely correlated with CSF leptin (ρ=-0.529, P=0.005) and tended to correlate inversely with s.c. adipose tissue (ρ=-0.346, P=0.084). As reported earlier, leptin treatment had no effect on weight loss and did not affect CSF L-PGDS or NPY levels compared to placebo. After weight loss, the change of CSF L-PGDS was significantly correlated with the change of CSF NPY levels (ρ=0.604, P=0.004, n=21). Because of the correlation between baseline CSF L-PGDS levels and visceral adipose tissue, we examined associations with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis components. Baseline CSF L-PGDS was correlated with corticotrophin-releasing hormone (ρ=0.764, P<0.001) and β-endorphin (ρ=0.491, P<0.001). By contrast, serum L-PGDS was not correlated with any of the measured variables either at baseline or after treatment. In summary, CSF L-PGDS was correlated with orexigenic neuropeptides, visceral fat distribution and central HPA axis mediators. The importance of these findings is unclear but could suggest a role for CSF L-PGDS in the regulation of visceral obesity by interaction with the neuroendocrine circuits regulating appetite and fat distribution. Further interventional studies will be needed to characterise these interactions in more detail.
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| 16. |
- Fouassier, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein (EBP50), an estrogen-inducible scaffold protein, contributes to biliary epithelial cell proliferation.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The American journal of pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-2191 .- 0002-9440. ; 174:3, s. 869-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) anchors and regulates apical membrane proteins in epithelia. EBP50 is inducible by estrogen and may affect cell proliferation, although this latter function remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine whether EBP50 was implicated in the ductular reaction that occurs in liver disease. EBP50 expression was examined in normal human liver, in human cholangiopathies (ie, cystic fibrosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis), and in rats subjected to bile-duct ligation. The regulation of EBP50 by estrogens and its impact on proliferation were assessed in both bile duct-ligated rats and Mz-Cha-1 human biliary epithelial cells. Analyses of cell isolates and immunohistochemical studies showed that in normal human liver, EBP50 is expressed in the canalicular membranes of hepatocytes and, together with ezrin and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, in the apical domains of cholangiocytes. In both human cholangiopathies and bile duct-ligated rats, EBP50 was redistributed to the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. EBP50 underwent a transient increase in rat cholangiocytes after bile-duct ligation, whereas such expression was down-regulated in ovariectomized rats. In addition, in Mz-Cha-1 cells, EBP50 underwent up-regulation and intracellular redistribution in response to 17beta-estradiol, whereas its proliferation was inhibited by siRNA-mediated EBP50 knockdown. These results indicate that both the expression and distribution of EBP50 are regulated by estrogens and contribute to the proliferative response in biliary epithelial cells.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and growth factors called into question as markers of prolonged psychosocial stress.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 4:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress is becoming a major contributor to increased mental ill-health and sick leave in many countries. Valid markers of chronic stress would be valuable for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. A recent study suggested monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as markers of chronic stress. We aimed to confirm these potential biomarkers of prolonged psychosocial stress in female patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Circulating levels of MCP-1, EGF and VEGF, along with several other cytokines, were measured in plasma from 42 female patients suffering from exhaustion due to prolonged psychosocial stress and 42 control subjects, using a protein biochip immunoassay. There were no significant differences between patients and controls in any of the cytokines or growth factors analyzed. Furthermore, when using a different protein bioassay and reanalyzing MCP-1 and VEGF in the same samples, markedly different levels were obtained. To further explore if inflammation is present in patients with exhaustion, the classical inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in another group of patients (n=89) and controls (n=88) showing a small but significant increase of CRP levels in the patients. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: MCP-1, EGF and VEGF may not be suitable markers of prolonged psychosocial stress as previously suggested. Furthermore, significant differences were obtained when using two different protein assays measuring the same samples, indicating that comparing studies where different analytic techniques have been used might be difficult. Increased levels of CRP indicate that low-grade inflammation might be present in patients with exhaustion due to prolonged stress exposure but this inflammation does not seem to be reflected by increase in circulating MCP-1 or other cytokines measured.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Khosravani, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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The peptidergic innervation of the rat parotid gland: effects of section of the auriculo-temporal nerve and/or of otic ganglionectomy.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Archives of oral biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9969. ; 53:3, s. 238-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The origin/pathways of peptidergic nerves contributing to the parotid gland contents of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were investigated by performing surgery on one side of the rat. Comparisons (based on total amount of peptide) were made between the gland on the operated side and the contralateral gland 7 days postoperatively. Otic ganglionectomy showed that almost all of the parotid gland contents of VIP (98%) and substance P (98%) were due to the otic connection, while this was true for only a minor portion (32%) of the CGRP-gland content. Section of the auriculo-temporal nerve showed that almost all of the VIP- and substance P-containing nerve fibres reached the parotid gland via this nerve, as judged by a reduction in the VIP-content by 88% and in the substance P-content by 93%, while the CGRP-content was only reduced by 37%. Section of the auriculo-temporal nerve combined with otic ganglionectomy did not reduce the gland contents of CGRP and substance P further than just otic ganglionectomy. Thus, the auriculo-temporal nerve is not likely to innervate the parotid gland with CGRP- and/or substance P-containing nerve fibres from the trigeminal ganglion.
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| 24. |
- Lekander, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Subjective health perception in healthy young men changes in response to experimentally restricted sleep and subsequent recovery sleep
- 2013
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Ingår i: Brain Behavior and Immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 34, s. 43-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep and subjective health are both prospectively related to objective indices of health and health care use. Here, we tested whether five days with restricted sleep and subsequent recovery days affect subjective health and is related to increased levels of circulating IL-6 and TNF-alpha and fatigue. Nine healthy men (23-28 years) went through a 6-week sleep protocol with subjects as their own controls in a repeated measures design with a total of 11 nights in a sleep laboratory. The experimental part of the protocol included three baseline days (sleep 23-07 h), five days with sleep restriction (03-07 h) and three recovery days (23-07 h) in the sleep laboratory. Subjective health and fatigue was recorded daily. Eight blood samples were drawn each day (every third hour) on 8 days of the protocol and analyzed with respect to IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Subjective health deteriorated gradually during restricted sleep (p = .002) and returned to baseline levels after three days of recovery. IL-6 and TNF-alpha did not change significantly. Fatigue increased gradually during sleep restriction (p = .001), which significantly contributed to the association between restricted sleep and subjective health. The study is the first to show that subjective health is directly responsive to changes in sleep length and related to increased fatigue. Thus, subjective health is differently appraised after manipulation of one of its presumed determinants. Larger experimental studies would be beneficial to further distinguish causation from association regarding the underpinnings of subjective health. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Paulson, Linda, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomics and peptidomics in neuroscience. Experience of capabilities and limitations in a neurochemical laboratory.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. - : Wiley. - 1076-5174 .- 1096-9888. ; 40:2, s. 202-13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing use of proteomics has created a basis for new strategies to develop methodologies for rapid identification of protein patterns in living organisms. It has also become evident that proteomics has other potential applications than protein and peptide identification, e.g. protein characterization, with the aim of revealing their structure, function(s) and interactions of proteins. In comparative proteomics studies, the protein expression of a certain biological system is compared with another system or the same system under perturbed conditions. Global identification of proteins in neuroscience is extremely complex, owing to the limited availability of biological material and very low concentrations of the molecules. Moreover, in addition to proteins, there are number of peptides that must also be considered in global studies on the central nervous system. In this overview, we focus on and discuss problems related to the different sources of biological material and sample handling, which are part of all preparatory and analytical steps. Straightforward protocols are desirable to avoid excessive purification steps, since loss of material at each step is inevitable. We would like to merge the two worlds of proteomics/peptidomics and neuroscience, and finally we consider different practical and technical aspects, illustrated with examples from our laboratory.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Posserud, Iris, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Altered visceral perceptual and neuroendocrine response in patients with irritable bowel syndrome during mental stress.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749. ; 53:8, s. 1102-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Stress often worsens the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We hypothesised that this might be explained by altered neuroendocrine and visceral sensory responses to stress in IBS patients.Subjects and METHODS: Eighteen IBS patients and 22 control subjects were assessed using rectal balloon distensions before, during, and after mental stress. Ten controls and nine patients were studied in supplementary sessions. Rectal sensitivity (thresholds and intensity-visual analogue scale (VAS)) and perceived stress and arousal (VAS) were determined. Plasma levels of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were analysed at baseline, immediately after stress, and after the last distension. Heart rate was recorded continuously. RESULTS: Thresholds were increased during stress in control subjects (p<0.01) but not in IBS patients. Both groups showed lower thresholds after stress (p<0.05). Repeated distensions without stress did not affect thresholds. Both groups showed increased heart rate (p<0.001) and VAS ratings for stress and arousal (p<0.05) during stress. Patients demonstrated higher ratings for stress but lower for arousal than controls. Basal CRF levels were lower in patients (p<0.05) and increased significantly during stress in patients (p<0.01) but not in controls. Patients also responded with higher levels of ACTH during stress (p<0.05) and had higher basal levels of noradrenaline than controls (p<0.01). Controls, but not patients, showed increased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to stress (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Stress induced exaggeration of the neuroendocrine response and visceral perceptual alterations during and after stress may explain some of the stress related gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS.
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| 32. |
- Sjölund, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Covariation of plasma ghrelin and motilin in irritable bowel syndrome.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5169 .- 0196-9781. ; 31:6, s. 1109-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that ghrelin is mainly localized to the stomach but also occurs, together with the prokinetic hormone motilin, in endocrine cells in the proximal small intestine. This study explored ghrelin and motilin concentrations in plasma in relation to gastrointestinal motility and whether plasma ghrelin is changed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nine patients with severe IBS and 10 healthy subjects underwent stationary antro-duodeni-jejunal manometry; blood was sampled during similar motility phases in the two groups. The motility phases were monitored and blood samples were collected during fasting and after food intake. Plasma was analyzed for two forms of ghrelin (octanylated and desoctanylated) as well as for motilin. In IBS patients circulating motilin levels covaried with total ghrelin levels (r=0.90; p<0.004), octanylated ghrelin (r=0.77; p<0.02) and desoctanylated ghrelin (r=0.69; p<0.04). No such correlations were seen in the control group. Octanylated ghrelin comprised 35.3+/-3.9% (mean+/-SEM) of the total circulating ghrelin in the IBS patients compared to 40.4+/-4.5% (mean+/-SEM) in the control group (NS). Ghrelin covaried with motilin in plasma in IBS but not in plasma from healthy subjects. This suggests the two peptides act together in IBS.
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| 33. |
- Smedh, Ulrika, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Jejunal pouch reconstruction but not preservation of duodenal passage after total gastrectomy reduces plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide long term in pigs.
- 2009
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Ingår i: In vivo (Athens, Greece). - 0258-851X. ; 23:1, s. 93-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The long-term effects of reconstructions of the gastrointestinal tract after gastrectomy on plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones that contribute to food intake controls were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Domestic pigs were randomly assigned to sham-surgery or total gastrectomy followed by reconstruction with oesophagojejunostomy on a Roux-en-Y loop (OJRY), jejunal interposition between the oesophagus and the duodenum (OJD), or an oesophagojejunostomy with a jejunal pouch reservoir (J-pouch) on a Roux-en-Y loop. Plasma levels of peptides were analysed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: Ten weeks after surgery, levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were significantly lowered (79.6% and 67.0%, respectively) in animals with a J-pouch, but not in sham-operated animals or animals with OJRY or OJD, as compared to preoperative levels. The levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) remained unchanged, irrespective of the mode of reconstruction. CONCLUSION: J-pouch, but not preservation of duodenal passage after total gastrectomy, lowers levels of CCK and PP, peptides that reduce food intake.
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| 34. |
- Smedh, Ulrika, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Total gastrectomy causes a sustained, long-term elevation of somatostatin in plasma, independent of the mode of reconstruction in pigs.
- 2009
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Ingår i: In vivo (Athens, Greece). - 0258-851X. ; 23:1, s. 99-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The long-term effects of gastrectomy and various reconstructions of the gastrointestinal tract on fasting plasma levels of gastrointestinal hormones known to contribute to the control of gastrointestinal motor function were evaluated in pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Domestic pigs were randomly selected to sham surgery or total gastrectomy (TG) followed by reconstruction with oesophago-jejunostomy on a Roux-en-Y loop (OJRY), jejunal interposition between the oesophagus and the duodenum (OJD), or an oesophagojejunostomy with a proximal jejunal pouch reservoir (J-pouch) on a Roux-en-Y loop. Blood was collected just before surgery and ten weeks later and peptide levels were analysed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Somatostatin levels were sustained at a high level after TG, regardless of the mode of reconstruction, but were significantly lower in sham-operated animals. Levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin and motilin were unchanged. CONCLUSION: TG by itself leads to high levels of somatostatin long term, however, somatostatin, motilin, neurotensin and VIP are unaffected by the mode of reconstruction.
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| 35. |
- Stanley, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior, endogenous opioids and monoamine neurotransmitters.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of affective disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 124:1-2, s. 134-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Self-inflicted injury, including cutting or burning, is the most frequent reason for psychiatric visits to medical emergency departments. This behavior, particularly when there is no apparent suicidal intent, is poorly understood from both biological and clinical perspectives. OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of endogenous opioids and monoamine neurotransmitters in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHODS: We compared cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of endogenous opioids, 5 hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in individuals with a history of repetitive non-suicidal self-injury with a diagnostically-matched group of individuals who had never engaged in non-suicidal self-injury. History of suicidal behavior, demographic background and psychopathology was assessed. All patients were diagnosed with a Cluster B personality disorder (i.e. borderline, antisocial, narcissistic or histrionic) (N=29) and had a history of at least one suicide attempt. Fourteen participants had a history of repeated non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) in adulthood and 15 did not (no NSSI). RESULTS: The NSSI group had significantly lower levels of CSF beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin when compared with the non-NSSI group. CSF dynorphin, HVA and 5-HIAA levels did not differ. Severity of depression, hopelessness and overall psychopathology was greater in the NSSI group. CONCLUSION: beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin, opioids acting upon receptors involved in mediating stress-induced and physical pain analgesia respectively, are implicated in NSSI. Serotonergic and dopaminergic dysfunctions do not appear to be related to NSSI. Based on our findings, we propose a model of non-suicidal self-injury. Our results suggest that drugs acting on the opioid system warrant exploration as pharmacological treatments for NSSI.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Torbrand, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Sympathetic and sensory nerve activation during negative pressure therapy of sternotomy wounds.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1569-9285 .- 1569-9293. ; 7:6, s. 1067-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been adopted as the first-line treatment for poststernotomy mediastinitis as a result of the excellent clinical outcome. The knowledge concerning the effects of NPWT on the cardiovascular system and homeostasis is still limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the plasma levels of neurohormones change during NPWT. Six pigs underwent median sternotomy followed by NPWT at -125 mmHg. The plasma levels of noradrenaline, adrenaline, neuropeptide Y, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were determined before (0 min) and 5, 20, 60 and 180 min after the application of NPWT. The results show a transient increase in the plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline when NPWT was applied. The plasma level of the adrenergic co-transmitter neuropeptide Y was higher in NPWT--than in sham-treated pigs, after 180 min of negative pressure. After 180 min of NPWT there was an increase in the plasma levels of the sensory nerve transmitter substance P, while no such effect was observed for CGRP or VIP. In conclusion, the results suggest sympathetic nerve activation during NPWT. This may be the result of an increase in workload on the heart during the initial phase of NPWT.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Tullberg, Mats, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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CSF sulfatide distinguishes between normal pressure hydrocephalus and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 0022-3050. ; 69:1, s. 74-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the CSF concentrations of molecules reflecting demyelination, neuronal and axonal degeneration, gliosis, monoaminergic neuronal function, and aminergic and peptidergic neurotransmission in a large series of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) or subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE), to elucidate pathogenic, diagnostic, and prognostic features.CSF concentrations of glycosphingolipid (sulfatide), proteins (neurofilament triplet protein (NFL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), neuropeptides (vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), and monoamines (homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG)) were analysed in 43 patients with NPH and 19 patients with SAE. The diagnoses of NPH and SAE were based on strict criteria and patients with NPH were subsequently operated on. Twelve clinical variables, psychometric tests measuring perceptual speed, accuracy, learning, and memory and a psychiatric evaluation were performed in all patients and before and after a shunt operation in patients with NPH.The CSF sulfatide concentration was markedly increased in patients with SAE (mean 766, range 300-3800 nmol/l) compared with patients with NPH (mean 206, range 50-400 nmol/l) (p<0.001). 5-HIAA, GABA, and VIP in CSF were higher in patients with SAE than in patients with NPH. The patients with NPH with cerebrovascular aetiology had higher sulfatide concentrations and a poorer outcome after shunt surgery than patients with NPH with other aetiologies.The pathogenesis of the white matter changes in NPH and SAE is different and ischaemic white matter changes can be a part of the NPH state. The markedly increased CSF sulfatide concentrations in patients with SAE indicate ongoing demyelination as an important pathophysiological feature of SAE. The CSF sulfatide concentration distinguished between patients with SAE and those with NPH with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 94%, making it an important diagnostic marker.
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| 40. |
- Unger, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Unimpaired postprandial pancreatic polypeptide secretion in Parkinson's disease and REM sleep behavior disorder
- 2013
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185. ; 28:4, s. 529-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic polypeptide is released immediately after food ingestion. The release is operated by vagal-abdominal projections and has therefore been suggested as a test for vagal nerve integrity. Pathoanatomical and clinical studies indicate vagal dysfunction in early Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: We assessed the postprandial secretion of pancreatic polypeptide and motilin in healthy controls (n = 18) and patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD, n = 10), a potential premotor stage of PD, as well as in drug-naive (n = 19) and treated (n = 19) PD patients. Results: The postprandial pancreatic polypeptide secretion showed a physiological pattern in all groups and even an enhanced response in drug-naive PD and iRBD. Motilin concentrations correlated with pancreatic polypeptide concentrations. Conclusions: Postprandial pancreatic polypeptide secretion is not a suitable test for vagal nerve integrity in PD. The unimpaired pancreatic polypeptide response in iRBD and PD might be explained by partially intact vagal-abdominal projections or compensatory mechanisms substituting a defective neuronal brain–gut axis.
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| 41. |
- Wisén, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma ANP and BNP during exercise in patients with major depressive disorder and in healthy controls
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 129:1-3, s. 371-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been shown to reduce the hormones in the HPA axis. In this study we addressed the question whether patients with unmedicated major depressive disorder (MDD) might have altered baseline levels of these natriuretic peptides and an altered response to acute exercise. METHODS: An incremental exercise test was performed in 18 patients with MDD and in 18 healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of ANP and BNP were determined at rest, during the exercise test and 30 min post exercise using immunoradiometric assays. RESULTS: During the exercise test the concentrations of ANP and BNP increased significantly in both groups. The MDD group showed significantly lower levels of ANP than the controls at rest, at maximal work rate and post exercise and of BNP at rest and at maximal work rate. The dynamic changes of both ANP and BNP, respectively, from baseline to maximal work rate were significantly lower in the MDD group. A slightly lower (non-significant) maximal work rate was observed in the MDD group compared with the controls. LIMITATIONS: Group sizes are relatively limited. CONCLUSION: Lower concentrations of ANP and BNP during rest and exercise were observed in the MDD patients together with a decreased dynamic response to maximal exercise. Hypothetically, the reduced ANP and BNP concentration contributes to the high hormone levels in the HPA system seen in depressive disorders. Of interest for future research is whether physical training might increase the levels of ANP and BNP and thereby diminish depressive symptoms.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Åkefeldt, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid monoamines in Prader-Willi syndrome.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223. ; 44:12, s. 1321-1328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The behavioral phenotype of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) suggests hypothalamic dysfunction and altered neurotransmitter regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there was any difference in the concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PWS and non-PWS comparison cases. Methods: The concentration of monoamine metabolites in CSF was determined in 13 children and adolescents with PWS diagnosed on clinical and genetic criteria. The concentrations were compared with those from 56 comparison cases in healthy and other contrast groups. Results: The concentrations of dopamine and particularly serotonin metabolites were increased in the PWS group. The differences were most prominent for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. The increased concentrations were found in all PWS cases independently of age, body mass index, and level of mental retardation. Conclusions: The findings implicate dysfunction of the serotonergic system and possibly also of the dopamine system in PWS individuals, and might help inform future psychopharmacologic studies.
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