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Sökning: WFRF:(Engvall Jan)

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1.
  • Blomstrand, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging for the detection of myocardial ischaemia, a comparison with myocardial perfusion SPECT
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 24:5, s. 289-295
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In order to compare the diagnostic ability of pulsed tissue Doppler and myocardial perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in patients with a history of unstable coronary artery disease, CAD, 26 patients, 22 men and four women, age 47-76 years, were investigated in a prospective study, 5-10 day after an episode of unstable angina. Tissue Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography were performed during dobutamine stress testing and myocardial scintigraphy after bicycle exercise and at rest. Patients with a normal SPECT had higher peak systolic velocity during dobutamine infusion, 18.9 ± 4.1 cm s-1, than patients with ischaemia, 12.2 ± 3.8 cm s-1 (P<0.001) or scar, 8.8 ± 3.0 cm s-1 (P<0.01). In a territorial analysis the difference in peak systolic velocity between areas with a normal and abnormal SPECT was less apparent. Failure to achieve ≥13 cm s-1 in mean-peak systolic velocity was the most accurate criterion for detection of significant CAD on SPECT. We conclude that pulsed tissue Doppler can be used for objective quantification of left ventricular wall motion during dobutamine stress testing and for identification of patients with CAD on SPECT but not for identification of regional ischaemia.
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2.
  • Almeida, Nuno, et al. (författare)
  • Left atrial volumetric assessment using a novel automated framework for 3D echocardiography: a multi-centre analysis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 18:9, s. 1008-1015
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims This study aims at validating a software tool for automated segmentation and quantification of the left atrium (LA) from 3D echocardiography. Methods and results The LA segmentation tool uses a dual-chamber model of the left side of the heart to automatically detect and track the atrio-ventricular plane and the LA endocardium in transthoracic 3D echocardiography. The tool was tested in a dataset of 121 ultrasound images from patients with several cardiovascular pathologies (in a multi-centre setting), and the resulting volumes were compared with those assessed manually by experts in a blinded analysis using conventional contouring. Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between the automated method and the manual references, with differences (mean +/- 1.96 SD) of 0.5 +/- 5.7 mL for LA minimum volume and -1.6 +/- 9.7 mL for LA maximum volume (comparable to the inter-observer variability of manual tracings). The automated tool required no user interaction in 93% of the recordings, while 4% required a single click and only 2% required contour adjustments, reducing considerably the amount of time and effort required for LA volumetric analysis. Conclusion The automated tool was validated in a multi-centre setting, providing quantification of the LA volume over the cardiac cycle with minimal user interaction. The results of the automated analysis were in agreement with those estimated manually by experts. This study shows that such approach has clinical utility for the assessment of the LA morphology and function, automating and facilitating the time-consuming task of analysing 3D echocardiographic recordings.
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3.
  • Blomstrand, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Left ventricular diastolic function, assessed by echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, superior to global left ventricular longitudinal strain, in patients with type 2 diabetes
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 16:9, s. 1000-1007
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: The aim of the study was to determine whether left ventricular systolic function, in terms of global left ventricular longitudinal strain (GLS), and diastolic function, expressed as the ratio between early diastolic transmitral flow and mitral annular motion velocities (E/e'), can predict cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.Methods and results: We prospectively investigated 406 consecutive patients, aged 55-65 years, with diabetes mellitus, who participated in the CARDIPP study. Echocardiography, pulse pressure (pp), and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were analysed. Twelve cases of myocardial infarction and seven cases of stroke were identified during the follow-up period of 67 +/- 17 months. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that E/e' was a strong predictor of cardiovascular events (hazards ratio 1.12; 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.18, P < 0.001). E/e' was prospectively associated with cardiovascular events independent of age, sex, GLS, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), pp, and HbA1c in multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that E/e' and HbA1c were the strongest predictors for cardiovascular events, both having an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 followed by LVEF with an AUC of 0.65 and GLS of 0.61. In a Kaplan-Meyer analysis, the cumulative probability of an event during the follow-up period was 8.6% for patients with an E/e' ratio >15 compared with 2.6% for patients with E/e' <= 15, P = 0.011.Conclusion: In middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes, E/e' is a strong predictor of myocardial infarction and stroke, comparable with HbA1c and superior to GLS and LVEF.
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4.
  • Blomstrand, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Overweight and obesity impair left ventricular systolic function as measured by left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Cardiovascular Diabetology. - : BioMed Central. - 1475-2840. ; 17:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AimsObesity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and heart failure but it is unclear to which extent it is related to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The aim of the study was to explore the effects of overweight and obesity on left ventricular systolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a control group of non-diabetic persons.MethodsWe prospectively investigated 384 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 184 controls who participated in the CARDIPP and CAREFUL studies. The participants were grouped according to body mass index (normal weight < 25 kg/m2, overweight 25–29 kg/m2, and obesity ≥ 30 kg/m2). Echocardiography was performed at the beginning of the study and after 4-years in the patient group.ResultsUnivariable and multivariable regression analysis revealed that variations in left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, left ventricular mass and diastolic function expressed as E/é (the ratio between early diastolic mitral flow and annular motion velocities) all are related to body mass index. The mean and standard deviation of left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain values were 57% (8%) vs. − 18.6% (2.3%) for normal weight patients, 53% (8%) vs. − 17.5% (2.3%) for overweight, and 49% (9%) vs. − 16.2% (3.0%) for obese (p < 0.05 vs. p < 0.05). Corresponding results in the control group were 58% (6%) vs. − 22.3% (3.0%), 55% (7%) vs. − 20.8% (3.1%) and 54% (8%) − 19.6% (4.0%) (p < 0.05 vs. p < 0.05). Patients who gained weight from baseline to follow-up changed left ventricular ejection fraction (median and interquartile range) by − 1.0 (9.0) % (n = 187) and patients who lost weight changed left ventricular ejection fraction by 1.0 (10.0) % (n = 179) (p < 0.05).ConclusionOverweight and obesity impair left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain in both patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic persons.
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5.
  • El-Saadi, Walid, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • A head-to-head comparison of myocardial strain by fast-strain encoding and feature tracking imaging in acute myocardial infarction
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of heart failure. Left ventricular adverse remodeling is common post-MI. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between reduced myocardial strain and the development of adverse remodeling. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with fast-strain encoding (fast-SENC) or feature tracking (FT) enables rapid assessment of myocardial deformation. The aim of this study was to establish a head-to-head comparison of fast-SENC and FT in post-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, with clinical 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2DEcho) as a reference. MethodsThirty patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI were investigated. All participants underwent CMR examination with late gadolinium enhancement, cine-loop steady-state free precession, and fast-SENC imaging using a 1.5T scanner as well as a 2DEcho. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), segmental longitudinal strain (SLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and segmental circumferential strain (SCS) were assessed along with the MI scar extent. ResultsThe GCS measurements from fast-SENC and FT were nearly identical: the mean difference was 0.01 (2.5)% (95% CI - 0.92 to 0.95). For GLS, fast-SENC values were higher than FT, with a mean difference of 1.8 (1.4)% (95% CI 1.31-2.35). Tests of significance for GLS did not show any differences between the MR methods and 2DEcho. Average strain in the infarct-related artery (IRA) segments compared to the remote myocardium was significantly lower for the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery culprits but not for the left circumflex artery culprits. Fast-SENC displayed a higher area under the curve for detecting infarcted segments than FT for both SCS and SLS. ConclusionGLS and GCS did not significantly differ between fast-SENC and FT. Both showed acceptable agreement with 2DEcho for longitudinal strain. Segments perfused by the IRA showed significantly reduced strain values compared to the remote myocardium. Fast-SENC presented a higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting infarcted segments than FT.
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7.
  • El-Saadi, Walid, et al. (författare)
  • Four- to seven-year follow-up of pharmacological postconditioning with mangafodipir as an adjunct to primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : WILEY. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 43:6, s. 413-420
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IntroductionAdverse left ventricular remodelling (AR) develops over time in approximately 30% of patients with a history of coronary artery disease. AR manifests as a structural change in the left ventricle (LV) in terms of increased volumes and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (mangafodipir) has demonstrated interesting cardioprotective features in acute myocardial ischaemia. Pharmacological postconditioning (PP) with mangafodipir as an adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention may possibly reduce the development of AR over time in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this 4-7-year follow-up study is to investigate the potential benefits of PP with mangafodipir in STEMI patients. MethodThirteen out of the initial 20 patients that were included in the primary study of Karlsson et al. were followed up between April and June 2017. The study group underwent review of the hospital records, a clinical examination with ECG and blood sample analysis before cardiac magnetic resonance examination of the patient. LVEF, left ventricular diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume, LV mass and myocardial strain in all directions were computed. ResultsThe PP group showed a decrease in LV volume, mass and higher LVEF at follow-up (p < 0.05) while the individual response of the placebo group showed features that are seen in AR. Although there was no difference in myocardial strain, measurement for the PP-group was higher in absolute terms. ConclusionPharmacological postconditioning with mangafodipir in STEMI demonstrated cardioprotective features compared to the placebo group at follow-up. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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8.
  • Engström, Gunnar, et al. (författare)
  • Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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9.
  • Eriksson [Engvall], Gunilla, 1976- (författare)
  • The intelligence discourse : the Swedish military intelligence (MUST) as a producer of knowledge
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Swedish Military Intelligence and Security Directorate (MUST) is a producer of knowledge, a knowledge that is fundamental for decisionmaking in foreign and security policy. The intelligence knowledge production is often held as objective, value neutral, and with the intention of ‘speaking truth onto power’. However, this study holds that such a perspective on intelligence knowledge production calls for a revision. Hence, the overall purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of knowledge in intelligence analysis and also to investigate how that knowledge is affected by the social context of its production, the military intelligence service. The source material is of three kinds; first texts and documents, second interviews with intelligence analysts and managers, and third observations of seminars and meetings during the production process of estimates.The results are that there is a strong presence of an implicit interpretive framework that continuously influences and guides the knowledge production and thereby makes the knowledge dependent on one specific perspective contrary to the intentional objectivity within the intelligence service. Further, the study reveals that the social and discursive practices for intelligence knowledge production include a ‘logic of appropriateness’ suggesting the presence of a structured Denkkollektiv with a structured Denkstil. The actions and choices of the individuals are transformed to create conformity to the norms within the social discursive practices. Thus, the inherited frame of interpretation, as well as the socialised norm of staying within the existing accepted frames ofthinking and acting ends up to the stability and duration of the not always accurate and fruitful Denkstil.At the core of political science resides the question of how policy is shaped. Even though this study has focused merely on one organisation in a specific policy field in one country it brings insights to the knowledge and policy nexus.
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10.
  • Karlsson, Jan-Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Mangafodipir as a cardioprotective adjunct to reperfusion therapy: a feasibility study in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. - : European Society of Cardiology. - 2055-6837 .- 2055-6845. ; 1:1, s. 39-45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims The aim of the present study was to examine the feasibility of applying the catalytic antioxidant mangafodipir [MnDPDP, manganese (Mn) dipyridoxyl diphosphate] as a cardioprotective adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation (STE) myocardial infarction (STEMI). Both MnDPDP and a metabolite (Mn dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine) possess properties as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetics and iron chelators, and combat oxidative stress in various tissues and conditions.Methods and resultsThe study tested MnDPDP (n ¼ 10) vs. saline placebo (n ¼ 10), given as a brief intravenous (i.v.) infusion prior to balloon inflation during pPCI in patients with STEMI. Mangafodipir waswell tolerated and did not affect heart rate or blood pressure. Despite longer ischaemic time (205 vs. 144 min, P ¼ 0.019) in theMnDPDPgroup, plasma biomarker releaseswere identical for the two groups. With placebo vs.MnDPDP, mean STE resolutions were 69.8 vs. 81.9% (P ¼ 0.224) at 6 h and 73.1 vs. 84.3% (P ¼ 0.077) at 48 h. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed mean infarct sizes of 32.5 vs. 26.2% (P ¼ 0.406) andmeanleft ventricular (LV) ejection fractions of 41.8 vs. 47.7% (P ¼ 0.617) with placebovs.MnDPDP.More LVthrombi were detected in placebo hearts (5 of 8) than MnDPDP-treated hearts (1 of 10; P ¼ 0.011).Conclusions Mangafodipir is a safe drug for use as an adjunct to reperfusion therapy. A tendency to benefit of MnDPDP needs confirmation in a larger population. The study revealed important information for the design of a Phase II trial. 
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11.
  • Kvernby, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical feasibility of 3D-QALAS - Single breath-hold 3D myocardial T1 and T2-mapping
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0730-725X .- 1873-5894. ; 38, s. 13-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: To investigate the in-vivo precision and clinical feasibility of 3D-QALAS- a novel method for simultaneous three-dimensional myocardial T1- and T2-mapping. Methods: Ten healthy subjects and 23 patients with different cardiac pathologies underwent cardiovascular 3 T MRI examinations including 3D-QALAS, MOLLI and T2-GraSE acquisitions. Precision was investigated in the healthy subjects between independent scans, between dependent scans and as standard deviation of consecutive scans. Clinical feasibility of 3D-QALAS was investigated for native and contrast enhanced myocardium in patients. Data were analyzed using mean value and 95% confidence interval, Pearson correlation, Paired t-tests, intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Average myocardial relaxation time values and SD from eight repeated acquisitions within the group of healthy subjects were 1178 +/- 18.5 ms (1.6%) for T1 with 3D-QALAS, 52.7 +/- 1.2 ms (23%) for T2 with 3D-QALAS, 1145 +/- 10.0 ms (0.9%) for Tl with MOLLI and 49.2 +/- 0.8 ms (1.6%) for T2 with GraSE. Myocardial Tl and T2 relaxation times obtained with 3D-QALAS correlated very well with reference methods; MOW for T1 (r = 0.994) and T2-GraSE for T2 (r = 0.818) in the 23 patients. Average native/post-contrast myocardial Tl values from the patients were 1166.2 ms/411.8 ms for 3D-QALAS and 1174.4 ms/438.9 ms for MOW. Average native myocardial T2 values from the patients were 53.2 ms for 3D-QAIAS and 54.4 ms for T2-GraSE. Conclusions: Repeated independent and dependent scans together with the intra-scan repeatability, demonstrated all a very good precision for the 3D-QALAS method in healthy volunteers. This study shows that 3D T1 and T2 mapping in the left ventricle is feasible in one breath hold for patients with different cardiac pathologies using 3D-QALAS. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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12.
  • Kvernby, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Longitudinal Changes in Myocardial T-1 and T-2 Relaxation Times Related to Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis in Aortic Stenosis; Before and After Aortic Valve Replacement
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : WILEY. - 1053-1807 .- 1522-2586. ; 48:3, s. 799-807
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Diffuse myocardial fibrosis is associated with adverse outcomes, although detection and quantification is challenging. Cardiac MR relaxation times mapping represents a promising imaging biomarker for diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Purpose: To investigate whether relaxation times can detect longitudinal changes in myocardial tissue composition associated with diffuse fibrosis in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) before and after aortic valve replacement (AVR). Study type: Prospective longitudinal study. Population/Subjects/Phantom/Specimen/Animal Model: Fifteen patients with severe AS. Field Strength/Sequence: 3T /3(3) 3(3) 5-MOLLI, T2-GraSE, and 3D-QALAS. Assessment: Patients underwent MR examinations at three timepoints: before AVR, as well as 3 and 12 months after AVR. Data from each patient was analyzed in 16 myocardial segments. Statistical Tests: The segment-wise T1 and T2 data were analyzed over time after surgery using linear mixed models for repeated measures analysis. Results: The results showed that T1 relaxation times were significantly (Pamp;lt; 0.05) shorter 3 and 12 months postoperative than preoperative and that the T2 relaxation times were significantly (Pamp;lt; 0.05) longer 3 and 12 months postoperative than preoperative for both 3D and 2D mapping methods. No significant changes were seen between 3 and 12 months postoperative for any of the methods (P50.06/0.19 for T1 with 3D-QALAS/MOLLI and P50.09/0.25 for T2 with 3DQALAS/ GraSE). Data Conclusion: We demonstrated that changes in myocardial relaxation times and thus tissue characteristics can be observed within 3 months after AVR surgery. The significant changes in relaxation times from preoperative examinations to the follow-up may be interpreted as a reduction of interstitial fibrosis in the left ventricular wall. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3
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13.
  • Kvernby, Sofia, 1987- (författare)
  • Myocardial Tissue Characterization Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of death in the world, early diagnosis is crucial for disease outcome. Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease can be challenging, though. Quantification of myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times with MRI has demonstrated to be a promising method for characterizing myocardial tissue, but long measurement times have hampered clinical use. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to develop, validate and, in patient studies, evaluate a very fast three-dimensional method for simultaneous quantification of myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times with whole coverage of the left ventricle.The 3D-QALAS method is presented in Paper I of this thesis. It is a method that simultaneous measures both T1 and T2 relaxation times in a three-dimensional volume of the heart. The method requires 15 heartbeats, to produce 13 short-axis slices of the left ventricle with voxelwise information of both T1 and T2 relaxation times. The 3D-QALAS method was validated in phantoms and in 10 healthy volunteers by comparing the method with reference methods and demonstrated good accuracy and robustness both in-vitro and in-vivo.In Paper II, the 3D-QALAS method was carefully validated in-vivo by investigating accuracy and precision in 10 healthy volunteers, while the clinical feasibility of the method was investigated in 23 patients with various cardiac pathologies. Repeated independent and dependent scans together with the intra-scan repeatability, demonstrated all a very good precision for the 3D-QALAS method in healthy volunteers.In Paper III and IV, the 3D-QALAS method was applied and evaluated in patient cohorts where the heart muscle alters over time. In Paper III, patients with severe aortic stenosis underwent MRI examinations with 3D-QALAS before, 3 months after and 12 months after aortic valve surgery. Changes in T1 and T2 were observed, which might be used as markers of myocardial changes with respect to edema and fibrosis, which may develop due to increased workload over a long period of time.In study IV, 3D-QALAS was used to investigate 10 breast cancer patients treated with radiation therapy prior to treatment, 2-3 weeks into treatment, and one and 6 months after completion of treatment, to investigate any changes in T1 and T2 and further if they can be correlated to unwanted irradiation of the heart during radiation therapy.  
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14.
  • Kvernby, Sofia, et al. (författare)
  • Simultaneous three-dimensional myocardial T1 and T2 mapping in one breath hold with 3D-QALAS
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1097-6647 .- 1532-429X. ; 16:102
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Quantification of the longitudinal- and transverse relaxation time in the myocardium has shown to provide important information in cardiac diagnostics. Methods for cardiac relaxation time mapping generally demand a long breath hold to measure either T1 or T2 in a single 2D slice. In this paper we present and evaluate a novel method for 3D interleaved T1 and T2 mapping of the whole left ventricular myocardium within a single breath hold of 15 heartbeats.METHODS: The 3D-QALAS (3D-quantification using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with T2 preparation pulse) is based on a 3D spoiled Turbo Field Echo sequence using inversion recovery with interleaved T2 preparation. Quantification of both T1 and T2 in a volume of 13 slices with a resolution of 2.0x2.0x6.0 mm is obtained from five measurements by using simulations of the longitudinal magnetizations Mz. This acquisition scheme is repeated three times to sample k-space. The method was evaluated both in-vitro (validated against Inversion Recovery and Multi Echo) and in-vivo (validated against MOLLI and Dual Echo).RESULTS: In-vitro, a strong relation was found between 3D-QALAS and Inversion Recovery (R = 0.998; N = 10; p < 0.01) and between 3D-QALAS and Multi Echo (R = 0.996; N = 10; p < 0.01). The 3D-QALAS method showed no dependence on e.g. heart rate in the interval of 40-120 bpm. In healthy myocardium, the mean T1 value was 1083 ± 43 ms (mean ± SD) for 3D-QALAS and 1089 ± 54 ms for MOLLI, while the mean T2 value was 50.4 ± 3.6 ms 3D-QALAS and 50.3 ± 3.5 ms for Dual Echo. No significant difference in in-vivo relaxation times was found between 3D-QALAS and MOLLI (N = 10; p = 0.65) respectively 3D-QALAS and Dual Echo (N = 10; p = 0.925) for the ten healthy volunteers.CONCLUSIONS: The 3D-QALAS method has demonstrated good accuracy and intra-scan variability both in-vitro and in-vivo. It allows rapid acquisition and provides quantitative information of both T1 and T2 relaxation times in the same scan with full coverage of the left ventricle, enabling clinical application in a broader spectrum of cardiac disorders.
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15.
  • Maret, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Computer-assisted determination of left ventricular endocardial borders reduces variability in the echocardiographic assessment of ejection fraction
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-7120. ; 6:55
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Left ventricular size and function are important prognostic factors in heart disease. Their measurement is the most frequent reason for sending patients to the echo lab. These measurements have important implications for therapy but are sensitive to the skill of the operator. Earlier automated echo-based methods have not become widely used. The aim of our study was to evaluate an automatic echocardiographic method (with manual correction if needed) for determining left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) based on an active appearance model of the left ventricle (syngo (R) AutoEF, Siemens Medical Solutions). Comparisons were made with manual planimetry (manual Simpson), visual assessment and automatically determined LVEF from quantitative myocardial gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: 60 consecutive patients referred for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) were included in the study. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed within one hour of MPI at rest. Image quality did not constitute an exclusion criterion. Analysis was performed by five experienced observers and by two novices. Results: LVEF (%), end-diastolic and end-systolic volume/BSA (ml/m(2)) were for uncorrected AutoEF 54 +/- 10, 51 +/- 16, 24 +/- 13, for corrected AutoEF 53 +/- 10, 53 +/- 18, 26 +/- 14, for manual Simpson 51 +/- 11, 56 +/- 20, 28 +/- 15, and for MPI 52 +/- 12, 67 +/- 26, 35 +/- 23. The required time for analysis was significantly different for all four echocardiographic methods and was for uncorrected AutoEF 79 +/- 5 s, for corrected AutoEF 159 +/- 46 s, for manual Simpson 177 +/- 66 s, and for visual assessment 33 +/- 14 s. Compared with the expert manual Simpson, limits of agreement for novice corrected AutoEF was lower than for novice manual Simpson (0.8 +/- 10.5 vs. -3.2 +/- 11.4 LVEF percentage points). Calculated for experts and with LVEF (%) categorized into < 30, 30-44, 45-54 and >= 55, kappa measure of agreement was moderate (0.44-0.53) for all method comparisons (uncorrected AutoEF not evaluated). Conclusion: Corrected AutoEF reduces the variation in measurements compared with manual planimetry, without increasing the time required. The method seems especially suited for unexperienced readers.
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16.
  • Maret, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Feasibility and diagnostic power of transthoracic coronary Doppler for coronary flow velocity reserve in patients referred for myocardial perfusion imaging
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-7120. ; 6:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a validated method for detecting coronary artery disease. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) of flow at rest and during adenosine provocation has previously been evaluated in selected patient groups. We therefore wanted to compare the diagnostic ability of TTDE in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) to that of MPI in an unselected population of patients with chest pain referred for MPI. Our hypothesis was that TTDE with high accuracy would identify healthy individuals and exclude them from the need for further studies, enabling invasive investigations to be reserved for patients with a high probability of disease. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients, 44 men and 25 women, age 61 +/- 10 years (range 35-82), with a clinical suspicion of stress induced myocardial ischemia, were investigated. TTDE was performed at rest and during adenosine stress for myocardial scintigraphy. RESULTS: We found that coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) determined from diastolic measurements separated normal from abnormal MPI findings with statistical significance. TTDE identified coronary artery disease, defined from MPI, as reversible ischemia and/or permanent defect, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 79%. The positive predictive value was 43% and the negative predictive value was 88%. There was an overlap between groups which could be due to abnormal endothelial function in patients with normal myocardial perfusion having either hypertension or diabetes. CONCLUSION: TTDE is an attractive non-invasive method to evaluate chest pain without the use of isotopes, but the diagnostic power is strongly dependent on the population investigated. Even in our heterogeneous clinical cardiac population, we found that CFVR>2 in the LAD excluded significant coronary artery disease detected by MPI.
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17.
  • Maret, Eva, 1961-, et al. (författare)
  • Feature tracking of cine-MRI identifies left ventricular segments with myocardial scar
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: The aim of the study was to apply a new feature tracking software (Diogenes MRI, Tomtec GmbH, Unterschliessheim, Germany) on cine-MR images to evaluate its utility and ability to detect infarcted myocardium and to assess the transmural extent of scar without the need for administering intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agents. Methods: Thirty patients (3 women and 27 men) were selected based on the presence or absence of extensive myocardial scar in the perfusion area of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) but not in remote areas. Seventeen had a scar transmurality >75% in at least one segment belonging to the LAD area (scar patients) and thirteen had scar <1% in this area or in other parts of the myocardium (non-scar patients). The software tracked the motion of the wall through the entire cardiac cycle using two different techniques. Velocity, displacement and strain were calculated in 48 points in the longitudinal direction, tangential to the endocardial outline, and in the radial direction, perpendicular to the tangent. Results: In the scar patients, LAD segments showed lower functional measures than remote segments. The remote segments in the scar group showed, in turn, lower functional measures than the remote segments in the non-scar group. Receiver-operatorcharacteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for all measurements. Best area-undercurve was for radial strain, 0.89, where a cut-off value of 38.8% had 80% sensitivity and 86% specificity for the detection of a segment with scar transmurality >50% in the LAD distribution. As a percentage of the mean, intraobserver variability was for radial measures 16-14-26% for displacement-velocity-strain and for the corresponding interobserver measurements 13-12-18%. Conclusions: With the presented method, we show for the first time its ability to detect scar segments with various transmurality already from an analysis of cine-MRI, without the need for the administration of gadolinium-based contrast. The accuracy and repeatability of the radial functional measurements is satisfactory and global measures agree with other aspects of global left ventricular function.
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18.
  • Maret, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Functional measurements based on feature tracking of cine magnetic resonance images identify left ventricular segments with myocardial scar.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-7120. ; 7:53, s. 1-14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundThe aim of the study was to perform a feature tracking analysis on cine magnetic resonance (MR) images to elucidate if functional measurements of the motion of the left ventricular wall may detect scar defined with gadolinium enhanced MR.Myocardial contraction can be measured in terms of the velocity, displacement and local deformation (strain) of a particular myocardial segment. Contraction of the myocardial wall will be reduced in the presence of scar and as a consequence of reduced myocardial blood flow.MethodsThirty patients (3 women and 27 men) were selected based on the presence or absence of extensive scar in the anteroseptal area of the left ventricle. The patients were investigated in stable clinical condition, 4-8 weeks post ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Seventeen had a scar area >75% in at least one anteroseptal segment (scar) and thirteen had scar area <1% (non-scar). Velocity, displacement and strain were calculated in the longitudinal direction, tangential to the endocardial outline, and in the radial direction, perpendicular to the tangent.ResultsIn the scar patients, segments with scar showed lower functional measurements than remote segments. Radial measurements of velocity, displacement and strain performed better in terms of receiver-operator-characteristic curves (ROC) than the corresponding longitudinal measurements. The best area-under-curve was for radial strain, 0.89, where a cut-off value of 38.8% had 80% sensitivity and 86% specificity for the detection of a segment with scar area >50%. As a percentage of the mean, intraobserver variability was 16-14-26% for radial measurements of displacement-velocity-strain and corresponding interobserver variability was 13-12-18%.ConclusionFeature tracking analysis of cine-MR displays velocity, displacement and strain in the radial and longitudinal direction and may be used for the detection of transmural scar. The accuracy and repeatability of the radial functional measurements is satisfactory and global measures agree.
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19.
  • Morais, Pedro, et al. (författare)
  • Fully automatic left ventricular myocardial strain estimation in 2D short-axis tagged magnetic resonance imaging
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 62:17, s. 6899-6919
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death and frequently result in local myocardial dysfunction. Among the numerous imaging modalities available to detect these dysfunctional regions, cardiac deformation imaging through tagged magnetic resonance imaging (t-MRI) has been an attractive approach. Nevertheless, fully automatic analysis of these data sets is still challenging. In this work, we present a fully automatic framework to estimate left ventricular myocardial deformation from t-MRI. This strategy performs automatic myocardial segmentation based on B-spline explicit active surfaces, which are initialized using an annular model. A non-rigid image-registration technique is then used to assess myocardial deformation. Three experiments were set up to validate the proposed framework using a clinical database of 75 patients. First, automatic segmentation accuracy was evaluated by comparing against manual delineations at one specific cardiac phase. The proposed solution showed an average perpendicular distance error of 2.35 +/- 1.21 mm and 2.27 +/- 1.02 mm for the endo- and epicardium, respectively. Second, starting from either manual or automatic segmentation, myocardial tracking was performed and the resulting strain curves were compared. It is shown that the automatic segmentation adds negligible differences during the strain-estimation stage, corroborating its accuracy. Finally, segmental strain was compared with scar tissue extent determined by delay-enhanced MRI. The results proved that both strain components were able to distinguish between normal and infarct regions. Overall, the proposed framework was shown to be accurate, robust, and attractive for clinical practice, as it overcomes several limitations of a manual analysis.
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20.
  • Myhre, Peder L., et al. (författare)
  • Cardiac troponin T and NT-proBNP for detecting myocardial ischemia in suspected chronic coronary syndrome
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 361, s. 14-17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptides (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are associated with poor outcome in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). The performance of these biomarkers in diagnosing ischemia, and their association with myocardial hypoperfusion and hypokinesis is unclear. Methods: Patients with suspected CCS (history of angina, estimated cardiovascular risk >15% or a positive stress test) were included in the prospective, multi-center DOPPLER-CIP study. Patients underwent Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography for assessment of ischemia and NT-proBNP and cTnT were measured in venous blood samples. Results: We included 430 patients (25% female) aged 64 +/- 8 years. Reversible hypoperfusion and hypokinesis were present in 139 (32%) and 89 (21%), respectively. Concentrations of NT-proBNP and cTnT correlated moderately (rho = 0.50, p < 0.001). NT-proBNP and cTnT concentrations (median [IQR]) were higher in patients with versus without reversible ischemia: 150 (73-294) versus 87 (44-192) ng/L and 10 (6-13) versus 7 (4-11) ng/L, respectively (p < 0.001 for both), and the associations persisted after adjusting for possible confounders. The C-statistics to discriminate ischemia ranged from 63%-73%, were comparable for cTnT and NT-proBNP, and higher for hypokinesis than hypoperfusion, and both were superior to exercise electrocardiography and stress echocardiography. Very low concentrations (<= 5 ng/L cTnT and <= 60 ng/L NT-proBNP) ruled out reversible hypokinesis with negative predictive value >90%. Conclusion: cTnT and NT-proBNP are associated with irreversible and reversible ischemia in patients with suspected CCS, particularly hypokinesis. The diagnostic performance was comparable between the biomarkers, and very low concentrations may reliably rule out ischemia.
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21.
  • Myhre, Peder L., et al. (författare)
  • Cardiac Troponin T Concentrations, Reversible Myocardial Ischemia, and Indices of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris: a DOPPLER-CIP Substudy
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY. - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 64:9, s. 1370-1379
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Cardiac troponin T concentrations measured with high-sensitivity assays (hs-cTnT) provide important prognostic information for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, whether hsc-TnT concentrations mainly reflect left ventricular (LV) remodeling or recurrent myocardial ischemia in this population is not known. METHODS: We measured hs-cTnT concentrations in 619 subjects with suspected stable CAD in a prospectively designed multicenter study. We identified associations with indices of LV remodeling, as assessed by cardiac MRI and echocardiography, and evidence of myocardial ischemia diagnosed by single positron emission computed tomography. RESULTS: Median hs-cTnT concentration was 7.8 ng/L (interquartile range, 4.8 -11.6 ng/L), and 111 patients (18%) had hs-cTnT concentrations above the upper reference limit (amp;gt; 14 ng/L). Patients with hs-cTnT amp;gt; 14 ng/L had increased LV mass (144 +/- 40 g vs 116 +/- 34 g; P amp;lt; 0.001) and volume (179 +/- 80 mL vs 158 +/- 44 mL; P = 0.006), lower LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (59 +/- 14 vs 62 +/- 11; P = 0.006) and global longitudinal strain (14.1 +/- 3.4% vs 16.9 +/- 3.2%; P amp;lt; 0.001), and more reversible perfusion defects (P amp;lt; 0.001) and reversible wall motion abnormalities (P = 0.008). Age (P = 0.009), estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.01), LV mass (P = 0.003), LVEF (P = 0.03), and evidence of reversible myocardial ischemia (P = 0.004 for perfusion defects and P = 0.02 for LV wall motion) were all associated with increasing hs-cTnT concentrations in multivariate analysis. We found analogous results when using the revised US upper reference limit of 19 ng/L. CONCLUSIONS: hs-cTnT concentrations reflect both LV mass and reversible myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable CAD. (c) 2018 American Association for Clinical Chemistry
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22.
  • Panayi, Georgios, et al. (författare)
  • Computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction and normal invasive coronary angiography
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 16
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Three to five percent of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have normal coronary arteries on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). The aim of this study was to assess the presence and characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques on computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) and describe the clinical characteristics of this group of patients. Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, descriptive study on CTCA evaluation in thirty patients fulfilling criteria for AMI and without visible coronary plaques on ICA. CTCA evaluation was performed head to head in consensus by two experienced observers blinded to baseline patient characteristics and ICA results. Analysis of plaque characteristics and plaque effect on the arterial lumen was performed. Coronary segments were visually scored for the presence of plaque. Seventeen segments were differentiated, according to a modified American Heart Association classification. Echocardiography performed according to routine during the initial hospitalisation was retrieved for analysis of wall motion abnormalities and left ventricular systolic function in most patients. Results: Twenty-five patients presented with non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and five with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Mean age was 60.2 years and 23/30 were women. The prevalence of risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) was low. In total, 452 coronary segments were analysed. Eighty percent (24/30) had completely normal coronary arteries and twenty percent (6/30) had coronary atherosclerosis on CTCA. In patients with atherosclerotic plaques, the median number of segments with plaque per patient was one. Echocardiography was normal in 4/22 patients based on normal global longitudinal strain (GLS) and normal wall motion score index (WMSI); 4/22 patients had normal GLS with pathological WMSI; 3/22 patients had pathological GLS and normal WMSI; 11/22 patients had pathological GLS and WMSI and among them we could identify 5 patients with a Takotsubo pattern on echo. Conclusions: Despite a diagnosis of AMI, 80 % of patients with normal ICA showed no coronary plaques on CTCA. The remaining 20 % had only minimal non-obstructive atherosclerosis. Patients fulfilling clinical criteria for AMI but with completely normal ICA need further evaluation, suggestively with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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23.
  • Pedrosa, Joao, et al. (författare)
  • Automatic Short Axis Orientation of the Left Ventricle in 3D Ultrasound Recordings
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: MEDICAL IMAGING 2016: ULTRASONIC IMAGING AND TOMOGRAPHY. - : SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING. - 9781510600256
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The recent advent of three-dimensional echocardiography has led to an increased interest from the scientific community in left ventricle segmentation frameworks for cardiac volume and function assessment. An automatic orientation of the segmented left ventricular mesh is an important step to obtain a point-to-point correspondence between the mesh and the cardiac anatomy. Furthermore, this would allow for an automatic division of the left ventricle into the standard 17 segments and, thus, fully automatic per-segment analysis, e.g. regional strain assessment. In this work, a method for fully automatic short axis orientation of the segmented left ventricle is presented. The proposed framework aims at detecting the inferior right ventricular insertion point. 211 three-dimensional echocardiographic images were used to validate this framework by comparison to manual annotation of the inferior right ventricular insertion point. A mean unsigned error of 8, 05 degrees +/- 18, 50 degrees was found, whereas the mean signed error was 1, 09 degrees. Large deviations between the manual and automatic annotations (amp;gt; 30 degrees) only occurred in 3, 79% of cases. The average computation time was 666ms in a non-optimized MATLAB environment, which potentiates real-time application. In conclusion, a successful automatic real-time method for orientation of the segmented left ventricle is proposed.
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24.
  • Pedrosa, Joao, et al. (författare)
  • Fast and Fully Automatic Left Ventricular Segmentation and Tracking in Echocardiography Using Shape-Based B-Spline Explicit Active Surfaces
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0278-0062 .- 1558-254X. ; 36:11, s. 2287-2296
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cardiac volume/function assessment remains a critical step in daily cardiology, and 3-D ultrasound plays an increasingly important role. Fully automatic left ventricular segmentation is, however, a challenging task due to the artifacts and low contrast-to-noise ratio of ultrasound imaging. In this paper, a fast and fully automatic framework for the full-cycle endocardial left ventricle segmentation is proposed. This approach couples the advantages of the B-spline explicit active surfaces framework, a purely image information approach, to those of statistical shape models to give prior information about the expected shape for an accurate segmentation. The segmentation is propagated throughout the heart cycle using a localized anatomical affine optical flow. It is shown that this approach not only outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of distance metrics with a mean average distances of 1.81 +/- 0.59 and 1.98 +/- 0.66 mm at end-diastole and end-systole, respectively, but is computationally efficient (in average 11 s per 4-D image) and fully automatic.
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25.
  • Queiros, Sandro, et al. (författare)
  • Multi-centre validation of an automatic algorithm for fast 4D myocardial segmentation in cine CMR datasets
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2047-2404 .- 2047-2412. ; 17:10, s. 1118-1127
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims Quantitative analysis of cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images for the assessment of global left ventricular morphology and function remains a routine task in clinical cardiology practice. To date, this process requires user interaction and therefore prolongs the examination (i.e. cost) and introduces observer variability. In this study, we sought to validate the feasibility, accuracy, and time efficiency of a novel framework for automatic quantification of left ventricular global function in a clinical setting. Methods and results Analyses of 318 CMR studies, acquired at the enrolment of patients in a multi-centre imaging trial (DOPPLER-CIP), were performed automatically, as well as manually. For comparative purposes, intra-and inter-observer variability was also assessed in a subset of patients. The extracted morphological and functional parameters were compared between both analyses, and time efficiency was evaluated. The automatic analysis was feasible in 95% of the cases (302/318) and showed a good agreement with manually derived reference measurements, with small biases and narrow limits of agreement particularly for end-diastolic volume (-4.08 +/- 8.98 mL), end-systolic volume (1.18 +/- 9.74 mL), and ejection fraction (-1.53 +/- 4.93%). These results were comparable with the agreement between two independent observers. A complete automatic analysis took 5.61 +/- 1.22 s, which is nearly 150 times faster than manual contouring (14 +/- 2 min, P amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusion The proposed automatic framework provides a fast, robust, and accurate quantification of relevant left ventricular clinical indices in real-world cine CMR images.
  •  
26.
  • Rademakers, Frank, et al. (författare)
  • Determining optimal noninvasive parameters for the prediction of left ventricular remodeling in chronic ischemic patients
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 47:6, s. 329-334
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives. DOPPLER-CIP aims to determine the optimal noninvasive parameters (myocardial function, perfusion, ventricular blood flow, cell integrity) and methodology (ergometry, echocardiography, scintigraphy, MRI) in a given ischemic substrate that best predicts the impact of an intervention (or the lack thereof) on adverse morphological ventricular remodeling and functional recovery. Moreover, the relative predictive value of each of these parameters, in respect to the cost of extracting this information in order to enable optimization of cost-effectiveness for improved health care, will be determined by this project. Design. DOPPLER-CIP is a multi-center registry study. All patients with ischemic heart disease included in this study undergo at least two noninvasive stress imaging examinations at baseline. The presence/or absence of left ventricular (LV) remodeling will be assessed after a follow-up of 2 years, during which all cardiac events will be registered. Results. 676 patients were included. Currently, baseline data analysis is almost finished and the follow-up is ongoing. Conclusions. After completion, DOPPLER-CIP will provide evidence-based guidelines toward the most effective use of cardiac imaging in the chronically ischemic heart disease patient. The study will generate information, knowledge, and insight into the new imaging methodologies and into the pathophysiology of chronic ischemic heart disease.
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27.
  • Rosendahl, Lene, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Computer-assisted calculation of myocardial infarct size shortens the evaluation time of contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 28:1, s. 1-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging depicts scar in the left ventricle which can be quantitatively measured. Manual segmentation and scar determination is time consuming. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a software for infarct quantification, to compare with manual scar determination, and to measure the time saved.Methods: Delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 40 patients where myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography imaging showed irreversible uptake reduction suggesting a myocardial scar. After segmentation, the semi-automatic software was applied. A scar area was displayed, which could be corrected and compared with manual delineation. The different time steps were recorded with both methods.Results: The software shortened the average evaluation time by 12.4min per cardiac exam, compared with manual delineation. There was good correlation of myocardial volume, infarct volume and infarct percentage (%) between the two methods, r = 0.95, r = 0.92 and r = 0.91 respectively.Conclusions: A computer software for myocardial volume and infarct size determination cut the evaluation time by more than 50% compared with manual assessment, with maintained clinical accuracy.
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28.
  •  
29.
  • Rosendahl, Lene, et al. (författare)
  • Late gadolinium uptake demonstrated with magnetic resonance in patients where automated PERFIT analysis of myocardial SPECT suggests irreversible perfusion defect
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: BMC Medical Imaging. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2342. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (MPS) is frequently used as the reference method for the determination of myocardial infarct size. PERFIT(R) is a software utilizing a three-dimensional gender specific, averaged heart model for the automatic evaluation of myocardial perfusion. The purpose of this study was to compare the perfusion defect size on MPS, assessed with PERFIT, with the hyperenhanced volume assessed by late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE) and to relate their effect on the wall motion score index (WMSI) assessed with cine magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) and echocardiography (echo).METHODS: LGE was performed in 40 patients where clinical MPS showed an irreversible uptake reduction suggesting a myocardial scar. Infarct volume, extent and major coronary supply were compared between MPS and LGE as well as the relationship between infarct size from both methods and WMSI.RESULTS: MPS showed a slightly larger infarct volume than LGE (MPS 29.6 +/- 23.2 ml, LGE 22.1 +/- 16.9 ml, p = 0.01), while no significant difference was found in infarct extent (MPS 11.7 +/- 9.4%, LGE 13.0 +/- 9.6%). The correlation coefficients between methods in respect to infarct size and infarct extent were 0.71 and 0.63 respectively. WMSI determined with cine-MRI correlated moderately with infarct volume and infarct extent (cine-MRI vs MPS volume r = 0.71, extent r = 0.71, cine-MRI vs LGE volume r = 0.62, extent r = 0.60). Similar results were achieved when wall motion was determined with echo. Both MPS and LGE showed the same major coronary supply to the infarct area in a majority of patients, Kappa = 0.84.CONCLUSION: MPS and LGE agree moderately in the determination of infarct size in both absolute and relative terms, although infarct volume is slightly larger with MPS. The correlation between WMSI and infarct size is moderate.
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30.
  • Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Weight gain and blood pressure
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 38:3, s. 387-394
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: Although the causality of the obesity—hypertension association is established, the potential for prevention is not. We hypothesized that weight gain between early adulthood and mid-life is associated with higher mid-life blood pressure.METHODS: We investigated the hypothesis using a large contemporaneous population-based mid-life cohort of men and women aged 50-64 years. Recalled body weight at age 20 years was self-reported, and mid-life body weight and office blood pressures were measured in accordance with a detailed protocol.RESULTS: On average, men had gained 14.9 (95% CI 14.6-15.2) kg of weight, and women 14.6 (95% CI 14.4-14.9) kg, between age 20 years and the mid-life examination, corresponding to 0.40 (95% CI 0.39-0.41) kg/year for men and women. Both weight at age 20 years and weight at the mid-life examination were associated with mid-life blood pressures. On average, a 10 kg weight increase between age 20 years and mid-life was associated with 2.2 (95% CI 0.9-3.5) mmHg higher systolic and 1.7 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) mmHg higher diastolic mid-life blood pressure in men, and 3.2 (2.5-4.0) mmHg higher systolic and 2.4 (1.9-2.9) mmHg higher diastolic mid-life blood pressure in women. Mid-life weight was more closely associated than weight at age 20 years with mid-life blood pressure. For a given mid-life weight, blood pressure was higher in persons with higher weight gain from age 20 years.CONCLUSION: In sum, weight gain between early adulthood and mid-life was associated with higher mid-life blood pressure. The magnitude of the association indicates a potentially great public health impact of strategies to prevent weight gain throughout adulthood.
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31.
  • Tabassian, Mahdi, et al. (författare)
  • Machine learning of the spatio-temporal characteristics of echocardiographic deformation curves for infarct classification
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. - : SPRINGER. - 1569-5794 .- 1875-8312 .- 1573-0743. ; 33:8, s. 1159-1167
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to analyze the whole temporal profiles of the segmental deformation curves of the left ventricle (LV) and describe their interrelations to obtain more detailed information concerning global LV function in order to be able to identify abnormal changes in LV mechanics. The temporal characteristics of the segmental LV deformation curves were compactly described using an efficient decomposition into major patterns of variation through a statistical method, called Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In order to describe the spatial relations between the segmental traces, the PCA-derived temporal features of all LV segments were concatenated. The obtained set of features was then used to build an automatic classification system. The proposed methodology was applied to a group of 60 MRI-delayed enhancement confirmed infarct patients and 60 controls in order to detect myocardial infarction. An average classification accuracy of 87% with corresponding sensitivity and specificity rates of 89% and 85%, respectively was obtained by the proposed methodology applied on the strain rate curves. This classification performance was better than that obtained with the same methodology applied on the strain curves, reading of two expert cardiologists as well as comparative classification systems using only the spatial distribution of the end-systolic strain and peak-systolic strain rate values. This study shows the potential of machine learning in the field of cardiac deformation imaging where an efficient representation of the spatio-temporal characteristics of the segmental deformation curves allowed automatic classification of infarcted from control hearts with high accuracy.
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32.
  • Ziegler, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Towards Automated Quantification of Vessel Wall Composition Using MRI
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : WILEY. - 1053-1807 .- 1522-2586. ; 52:3, s. 710-719
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background MRI can be used to generate fat fraction (FF) and R2* data, which have been previously shown to characterize the plaque compositional features lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in the carotid arteries (CAs). Previously, these data were extracted from CA plaques using time-consuming manual analyses. Purpose To design and demonstrate a method for segmenting the CA and extracting data describing the composition of the vessel wall. Study Type Prospective. Subjects 31 subjects from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Field Strength/Sequences T-1-weighted (T1W) quadruple inversion recovery, contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA), and 4-point Dixon data were acquired at 3T. Assessment The vessel lumen of the CA was automatically segmented using support vector machines (SVM) with CE-MRA data, and the vessel wall region was subsequently delineated. Automatically generated segmentations were quantitatively measured and three observers visually compared the segmentations to manual segmentations performed on T(1)w images. Dixon data were used to generate FF and R2* maps. Both manually and automatically generated segmentations of the CA and vessel wall were used to extract compositional data. Statistical Tests Two-tailedt-tests were used to examine differences between results generated using manual and automated analyses, and among different configurations of the automated method. Interobserver agreement was assessed with Fleiss kappa. Results Automated segmentation of the CA using SVM had a Dice score of 0.89 +/- 0.02 and true-positive ratio 0.93 +/- 0.03 when compared against ground truth, and median qualitative score of 4/5 when assessed visually by multiple observers. Vessel wall regions of 0.5 and 1 mm yielded compositional information similar to that gained from manual analyses. Using the 0.5 mm vessel wall region, the mean difference was 0.1 +/- 2.5% considering FF and 1.1 +/- 5.7[1/s] for R2*. Level of Evidence 1. Technical Efficacy Stage 1. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:710-719.
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33.
  • af Geijerstam, Peder, Doktorand, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Home Blood Pressure Compared With Office Blood Pressure in Relation to Dysglycemia
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Hypertension. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0895-7061 .- 1941-7225. ; 35:9, s. 810-819
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Masked hypertension is more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes than in individuals with normoglycemia. We aimed to explore if there is a discrepancy between office blood pressure (office BP) and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) in relation to HbA1c as well as glycemic status in 5,029 middle-aged individuals.Methods: HBPM was measured in a subsample of 5,029 participants in The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS), a population-based cohort of 50–64 years old participants. Both office BP and HBPM were obtained after 5 minutes’ rest using the semiautomatic Omron M10-IT oscillometric device. White coat effect was calculated by subtracting systolic HBPM from systolic office BP. Participants were classified according to glycemic status: Normoglycemia, prediabetes, or diabetes based on fasting glucose, HbA1c value, and self-reported diabetes diagnosis.Results: Of the included 5,025 participants, 947 (18.8%) had sustained hypertension, 907 (18.0%) reported taking antihypertensive treatment, and 370 (7.4%) had diabetes mellitus. Both systolic office BP and HBPM increased according to worsened glycemic status (P for trend 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). Masked hypertension was more prevalent in participants with dysglycemia compared with normoglycemia (P = 0.036). The systolic white coat effect was reversely associated with HbA1c (P = 0.012).Conclusions: The systolic white coat effect was reversely associated with HbA1c, and the prevalence of masked hypertension increased with dysglycemia.
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34.
  • af Geijerstam, Peder, Doktorand, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Masked hypertension in a middle-aged population and its relation to manifestations of vascular disease
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 41:7, s. 1084-1091
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Masked hypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, previous large studies have not used the same device to measure office and home blood pressure (BP) and adhered to current home BP measurement recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension. We aimed to characterize masked hypertension and explore its relation to manifestations of CVD.Methods: A randomly selected cohort of 5057 participants aged 50–64 years from the Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS) was evaluated with office and home BP using the semi-automatic Omron M10-IT oscillometric device. Additional analyses included pulse wave velocity (PWV) and coronary artery calcium score (CACS).Results: Of participants, 4122 did not have current antihypertensive treatment, and were thus included in our analyses. Of these, 2634 (63.9%) had sustained normotension, and 172 (4.2%) had masked hypertension. Participants with masked hypertension vs. sustained normotension were more often men (66.9 vs. 46.2%, P < 0.001). Those with masked hypertension had higher mean PWV [9.3 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 9.1–9.5) vs. 8.3 (95% CI 8.2–8.4) m/s, P < 0.001] and odds ratio for CACS at least 100 [1.65 (95% CI 1.02–2.68), P = 0.040]. These associations were similar in a posthoc analysis of masked hypertension and sustained normotension, matched for age, sex and systolic office BP.Conclusion: Masked hypertension was associated with markers of CVD. This suggests that home BP is a better predictor of risk, even when the recordings are performed with the same measurement device, in a population-based setting with randomized recruitment.
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35.
  • af Geijerstam, Peder, Doktorand, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • P-selectin and C-reactive protein in relation to home blood pressure and coronary calcification: a SCAPIS substudy
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) have previously been associated with hypertension, but the relation with out-of-office blood pressure (BP) and coronary artery calcification score is unknown. We aimed to examine the relationship between sP-selectin, hsCRP and home BP, as well as coronary artery calcification score and carotid artery plaques.Methods: In the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), 5057 randomly selected participants were evaluated with office and home BP using the semi-automatic Omron M10-IT device. For this cross-sectional study, participants with sP-selectin <4 standard deviations above mean and hsCRP <5 mg/l, representing low-grade inflammation, were included. Using generalized linear models, these inflammatory markers were evaluated in relation to BP classifications, as well as coronary artery calcification score and carotid artery plaques.Results: Of participants, 4548 were included in the analyses. The median age was 57.2 (53.4–61.2) years, and 775 (17.0%) reported taking medication for hypertension. Participants in the highest quartile of sP-selectin [odds ratio (OR) 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40–1.98, P < 0.001] and hsCRP [OR 2.25, (95% CI 1.89–2.60), P < 0.001] were more likely to have sustained hypertension. Participants in the highest quartile of hsCRP were also more likely to have masked hypertension, OR (95% CI) 2.31 (1.72–3.10), P < 0.001 and carotid artery plaques, OR (95% CI) 1.21 (1.05–1.38), P = 0.007.Conclusion: Increased sP-selectin and hsCRP were independently associated with sustained hypertension. These findings indicate an association between hypertension and platelet activity, as expressed by sP-selectin.
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36.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • An echo-planar imaging sequence is superior to a steady-state free precession sequence for visual as well as quantitative assessment of cardiac magnetic resonance stress perfusion
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 37:1, s. 52-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: To assess myocardial perfusion, steady-state free precession cardiac magnetic resonance (SSFP, CMR) was compared with gradient-echo-echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI) using myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) as reference.METHODS: Cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion was recorded in 30 patients with SSFP and in another 30 patients with GRE-EPI. Timing and extent of inflow delay to the myocardium was visually assessed. Signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios were calculated. Myocardial scar was visualized with a phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence (PSIR). All scar positive segments were considered pathologic. In MPS, stress and rest images were used as in clinical reporting. The CMR contrast wash-in slope was calculated and compared with the stress score from the MPS examination. CMR scar, CMR perfusion and MPS were assessed separately by one expert for each method who was blinded to other aspects of the study.RESULTS: Visual assessment of CMR had a sensitivity for the detection of an abnormal MPS at 78% (SSFP) versus 91% (GRE-EPI) and a specificity of 58% (SSFP) versus 84% (GRE-EPI). Kappa statistics for SSFP and MPS was 0·29, for GRE-EPI and MPS 0·72. The ANOVA of CMR perfusion slopes for all segments versus MPS score (four levels based on MPS) had correlation r = 0·64 (SSFP) and r = 0·96 (GRE-EPI). SNR was for normal segments 35·63 ± 11·80 (SSFP) and 17·98 ± 8·31 (GRE-EPI), while CNR was 28·79 ± 10·43 (SSFP) and 13·06 ± 7·61 (GRE-EPI).CONCLUSION: GRE-EPI displayed higher agreement with the MPS results than SSFP despite significantly lower signal intensity, SNR and CNR.
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37.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the spine in relation to scanner design and size.
  • 2019
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging in closed-bore scanners is at times anxiety-ridden. Open scanners are easier to tolerate. Manufacturers are working towards making the bores wider and shorter.AimTo compare patient anxiety in closed-bore scanners with bore diameters of 62cm and 70 cm compared to that of open design scanners.MethodConsecutive patients referred for examination of the spine in 62 cm and 70 cm scanners and one open design were asked to participate. Most of those who were scheduled for examination in the open scanner, was it due to problems with closed bores. For anxiety evaluation, four questionnaires were used: Before the examination: Spielberger State and Trait anxiety – state (STAI-S) [1]. Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Anxiety (HAD-A) and depression (HAD-D) [2], The Magnetic Resonance Imaging- Fear survey schedule (MRI-FSS) [3].  Directly after the examination: The Magnetic Resonance Imaging- Anxiety Questionnaire (MRI-AQ) consisting of two factors anxiety and relaxation [4], STAI-S, patients also ranged their level of worry and experience.One week after the examination: MRI-AQ, HAD, MRI-FSSResult155 patients responded to the questionnaires before and immediately after the examination. 109 responded also one week after. Patients in the open scanner rated higher levels of anxiety (<0.001) before, directly after and one week after the examination, compared to closed bore scanners. No difference was found in the patient scores between the 62 cm and the 70 cm scanners on the examination day. At follow-up, patients in the 62 cm bore rated their examination experience lower (<0.05), compared to patients in the 70 cm bore.ConclusionIn conclusion patient experience of the examination was similar in the 62 cm and 70 cm bores immediately after the examination. However, patient recall of the examination was more pleasant for those examined in the 70 cm bore scanner.MRI in an open scanner may be the only way for patients with anxiety problems to endure an examination. If open scanners are unavailable, different interventions are needed to enable these patients to undergo an examination. Patient anxiety in connection with MRI is a challenge for the radiographers necessitating constant improvements in technology and interventions. 1.         Spielberger CD, Goursch, R.L., Lushene, R.E.: Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press 1970.2.         Zigmond AS, Snaith RP: The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983, 67(6):361-370.3.         Lukins R, Davan IGP, Drummond PD: A cognitive behavioural approach to preventing anxiety during magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry 1997, 28(2):97-104.4.         Ahlander BM, Arestedt K, Engvall J, Maret E, Ericsson E: Development and validation of a questionnaire evaluating patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging: the Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire (MRI-AQ). J Adv Nurs 2016, 72(6):1368-1380.
  •  
38.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Anxiety during magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in relation to scanner design and size
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 26:2, s. 110-116
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging in closed-bore scanners sometimes provokes anxiety but closed-bore designs have gradually become wider and shorter. Open scanners may be easier to tolerate. The aim was to compare patient anxiety during MRI between bore diameters of 60 cm and 70 cm, and to determine the current level of patient anxiety and experience in open scanners in a clinical setrting.Methods: Consecutive patients referred for examination of the spine in 60 cm and 70 cm bores and one open scanner participated. Four established/validated questionnaires, answered before, directly after (N = 155) and one week after (N = 109) the MRI-examination were used, measuring anxiety, fear and depression.Results: No difference was found in the patient scores of anxiety between the 60 cm and the 70 cm scanners on the examination day. At follow-up, patients in the 70 cm bore rated their examination experience better (p < 0.025), compared to patients in the 60 cm bore. Patients in the open scanner rated higher levels of anxiety (p < 0.001) before, directly after and one week after the examination, compared to the closed bore scanners.Conclusion: Scanners with a 70 cm diameter bore seem more tolerable than those with a 60 cm bore. Patients referred to the open scanner had on average a higher tendency to express anxiety. Still, patient anxiety in MRI is challenging and further research required.Implications for practice: Patients prefer to be examined in 70 cm bore scanners compared with 60 cm. If open scanners aren't available extended support may be necessary for the most anxious patients.
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39.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Development and validation of a questionnaire evaluating patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging : the Magnetic Resonance Imaging- Anxiety Questionnaire (MRI-AQ)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 72:6, s. 1368-1380
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: To develop and validate a new instrument measuring patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging examinations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire.Background: Questionnaires measuring patients’ anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging examinations have been the same as used in a wide range of conditions. To learn about patients’ experience during examination and to evaluate interventions, a specific questionnaire measuring patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging is needed.Design: Psychometric cross-sectional study with test-retest design.Methods: A new questionnaire, Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire, was designed from patient expressions of anxiety in Magnetic Resonance Imagingscanners. The sample was recruited between October 2012–October 2014. Factor structure was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion-related validity, known-group validity and test-retest was calculated.Results: Patients referred for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of either the spine or the heart, were invited to participate. The development and validation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire resulted in 15 items consisting of two factors. Cronbach’s alpha was found to be high. Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire correlated higher with instruments measuring anxiety than with depression scales. Known-group validity demonstrated a higher level of anxiety for patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of the heart than for those examining the spine. Test-retest reliability demonstrated acceptable level for the scale.Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire bridges a gap among existing questionnaires, making it a simple and useful tool for measuring patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging examinations.
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40.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Development and validation of a questionnaire evaluating patient anxiety during Magnetic Resonance Imaging : the Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Anxiety Questionnaire (MRI-AQ)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: 19th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessio. - : BioMed Central.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: MR examinations of the heart are sometimes negatively affected by anxiety that could have been detected by the pre-scan administration of a suitable questionnaire and psychological support given. To better understand patient experience during the examination and to evaluate psychological intervention, use of general anxiety scales is unsuitable and an MR-specific questionnaire was developed.Methods: A new questionnaire, MRI-AQ, was designed from patient expressions of anxiety in MRI-scanners. The patient sample was recruited between October 2012 and October 2014. Factor structure was evaluated with exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion-related validity, known-group validity and test-retest was evaluated. The new instrument was compared with the Spielberg State Anxiety Index (STAI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), and with nine statements from the Fear Survey Schedule developed by Lukins et al.Results: In total, 247 participants (54.7 ± 14.3 years), referred for MRI examinations of either the spine or the heart, accepted to participate in the study. The development and validation of MRI-AQ resulted in 15 items which could be used as an overall global score or as two sub scale scores. Cronbach’s alpha was found to be high (a = 0.90). MRI-AQ correlated higher with instruments measuring anxiety than with depression scales. Known-group validity demonstrated a higher level of anxiety for patients undergoing MRI scan of the heart than for those examining the spine (p < 0.01). Test-retest reliability demonstrated acceptable level for the scale (ICC = 0.90; CCC = 0.90). Conclusions: MRI-AQ bridges a gap among existing questionnaires, making it a simple and useful tool for measuring patient anxiety during MRI examinations.
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41.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954- (författare)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Heart : Image quality, measurement accuracy and patient experience
  • 2016
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Non-invasive diagnostic imaging of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequently carried out with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) or myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (MPS). CMR is the gold standard for the evaluation of scar after myocardial infarction and MPS the clinical gold standard for ischemia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is at times difficult for patients and may induce anxiety while patient experience of MPS is largely unknown.Aims: To evaluate image quality in CMR with respect to the sequences employed, the influence of atrial fibrillation, myocardial perfusion and the impact of patient information. Further, to study patient experience in relation to MRI with the goal of improving the care of these patients.Method: Four study designs have been used. In paper I, experimental cross-over, paper (II) experimental controlled clinical trial, paper (III) psychometric crosssectional study and paper (IV) prospective intervention study. A total of 475 patients ≥ 18 years with primarily cardiac problems (I-IV) except for those referred for MRI of the spine (III) were included in the four studies.Result: In patients (n=20) with atrial fibrillation, a single shot steady state free precession (SS-SSFP) sequence showed significantly better image quality than the standard segmented inversion recovery fast gradient echo (IR-FGRE) sequence (I). In first-pass perfusion imaging the gradient echo-echo planar imaging sequence (GREEPI) (n=30) had lower signal-to-noise and contrast–to-noise ratios than the steady state free precession sequence (SSFP) (n=30) but displayed a higher correlation with the MPS results, evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively (II). The MRIAnxiety Questionnaire (MRI-AQ) was validated on patients, referred for MRI of either the spine (n=193) or the heart (n=54). The final instrument had 15 items divided in two factors regarding Anxiety and Relaxation. The instrument was found to have satisfactory psychometric properties (III). Patients who prior CMR viewed an information video scored significantly (lower) better in the factor Relaxation, than those who received standard information. Patients who underwent MPS scored lower on both factors, Anxiety and Relaxation. The extra video information had no effect on CMR image quality (IV).Conclusion: Single shot imaging in atrial fibrillation produced images with less artefact than a segmented sequence. In first-pass perfusion imaging, the sequence GRE-EPI was superior to SSFP. A questionnaire depicting anxiety during MRI showed that video information prior to imaging helped patients relax but did not result in an improvement in image quality.
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42.
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43.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Magnetkameraundersökning av hjärtat : bildkvalitet, mätnoggrannhet och patientupplevelse
  • 2017
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Syfte:Att utvärdera bildkvaliteten vid magnetkamera undersökning av hjärtat (hjärt-MR) genom val av sekvens vid undersökning av infarktutbredning hos patienter med förmaksflimmer och vid studie av hjärtmuskelns genomblödning, samt eventuell inverkan av given information.Att studera patientens upplevelse vid hjärt-MR med målet att kunna förbättre patientupplevelsenoch bildkvaliteten.Material och metoder:På 20 patienter med förmaksflimmer och genomgången hjärtinfarkt har två viabilitetssekvenser jämförts, en segmenterad (bilden samlas in under flera hjärtslag) och en single shot (bilden samlas in under ett hjärtslag).På 60 patienter remitterade för hjärtscintigrafi gjordes även hjärt-MR. Perfusionssekvenser utfördes under Adenosine-stress. Två olika sekvenser användes, SSFP och GRE-EPI. Undersökningarna har utvärderats både visuellt och semi-kvantitativt med hjärtscintigrafi som referensmetod.Med resultatet från en studie av Erna Törnqvist et al (2006), har ett skattningsinstrument konstruerats, Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Anxiety Questionnaire (MRI-QA). För validering har 247 patienter remitterade för MR-undersökning av rygg (n=193) och hjärta (n=54) besvarat frågorna.På två grupper av patienter remitterade för hjärt-MR har informationens betydelse utvärderats. En grupp erhöll video information (n=49) och en standard information (n=48). Likaså utvärderades informationens betydelse för bildkvaliteten.Resultat:Single shot sekvensen hade bättre bildkvalitet än den segmenterade. Hjärtinfarktens utbredning överensstämde mellan de båda sekvenserna.Trots att SSFP sekvensen hade bättre signal brus och kontrast brus förhållande överensstämde GREEPI sekvensen bäst med myokardscintigrafin både vid visuell och vid semi-kvantitativ bedömning.MRI-AQ resulterade i 15 påståenden. Det består av två faktorer, en som mäter ångest (12 påståenden) och en som mäter avslappning (tre påståenden). Det har psykometriska förutsättningar att kunna värdera patienters upplevelse av MR-undersökning.Patienter som fick utökad information i form av en film var signifikant mer avslappnade under undersökningen än patienter som fick standardinformation. Däremot påverkade inte den utökade informationen bildkvaliteten.Konklusion:Vid undersökning av infarktstorleken hos patienter med förmaksflimmer hade single shot sekvensen högre bildkvalitet än den segmenterade sekvensen.Vid bedömning av ischemi överensstämde hjärt-MR bättre med myokardscintigrafin om GRE-EPI sekvensen användes jämfört med SSFP sekvensen. Detta gällde både vid visuell och semi-kvantitativ bedömning.MRI-AQ bedöms som ett tillförlitligt instrument att använda för att utvärdera effekter av intervention vid MR-undersökning.Utökad information med video gör patienten mer avslappnad i undersökningssituationen men har ingen påverkan på bildkvaliteten.
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44.
  •  
45.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Positive effect on patient experience of video-information given prior to cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, a clinical trial
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 27:5-6, s. 1250-1261
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effect of video information given before cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging on patient anxiety and to compare patient experiences of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging versus myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. To evaluate whether additional information has an impact on motion artefacts.Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy are technically advanced methods for the evaluation of heart diseases. Although cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is considered to be painless, patients may experience anxiety due to the closed environment.Design: A prospective randomised intervention study, not registered.Methods: The sample (n = 148) consisted of 97 patients referred for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, randomised to receive either video information in addition to standard text-information (CMR-video/n = 49) or standard text-information alone (CMR-standard/n = 48). A third group undergoing myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (n = 51) was compared with the cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-standard group. Anxiety was evaluated before, immediately after the procedure and 1 week later. Five questionnaires were used: Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, MRI Fear Survey Schedule and the MRI-Anxiety Questionnaire. Motion artefacts were evaluated by three observers, blinded to the information given. Data were collected between April 2015–April 2016. The study followed the CONSORT guidelines.Result: The CMR-video group scored lower (better) than the cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging-standard group in the factor Relaxation (p =.039) but not in the factor Anxiety. Anxiety levels were lower during scintigraphic examinations compared to the CMR-standard group (p <.001). No difference was found regarding motion artefacts between CMR-video and CMR-standard.Conclusion: Patient ability to relax during cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging increased by adding video information prior the exam, which is important in relation to perceived quality in nursing. No effect was seen on motion artefacts.Relevance to clinical practice: Video information prior to examinations can be an easy and time effective method to help patients cooperate in imaging procedures.
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46.
  • Ahlander, Britt-Marie, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Video information prior to cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging improves patient experience which still remains more challenging than in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Abstract Proceedings from the 20th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions. - : Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) are two technically advanced methods for imaging cardiac diseases. Although CMR is considered to be painless, considerable patient cooperation is necessary during scanning. Some patients may experience anxiety because of the closed environment of the procedure.The aims of this paper were to evaluate the potential effect on patient anxiety and on motion artefacts by adding a 5 min video sequence to the standard written information given before CMR. Additionally, the patient experience of CMR was compared to that of MPS.Methods: The sample (n=146) consisted of 97 patients randomized to receive either video information in addition to standard written information (CMR-video/n=49) or standard written information alone (CMR-standard/n=48). A third group undergoing MPS (n=51) was used to compare CMR-standard and MPS. Anxiety was evaluated before, immediately after the procedure and one week later. Four questionnaires were used: State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory, Hospital-Anxiety and Depression-scale, MRI-Fear-Survey-Schedule and the MRI-Anxiety-Questionnaire (MRI-AQ). Motion artefacts were evaluated by three observers, blinded to the information given. Motion artefacts due to arrhythmia were not considered.Results: Measured with MRI-AQ, the CMR-video and the CMR-standard groups did not score significantly different on the factor Anxiety. However, CMR-video scored lower (=better) in the factor Relaxation (p=0.039). Younger patients and women scored a higher level of anxiety in most scales. Anxiety levels (MRI-AQ) were lower during MPS examinations compared to the CMRstandard group (p < 0.001 ). The presence of motion artefacts was similar in the CMR-video compared to the CMR-standard group.Conclusions: Patient ability to relax during CMR increased by adding video information prior to the exam. This positive effect on patient experience is important to enable technologists to obtain full patient cooperation. An apparent lack of effect on motion artefact could possibly be due to the addition of compensatory extra scans when a low image quality was recognized by the technologists.
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47.
  • Andersson, Charlotta, et al. (författare)
  • Phase-contrast MRI volume flow - a comparison of breath held and navigator based acquisitions
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMC Medical Imaging. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2342. ; 16:26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 2D phase-contrast flow measurement has been regarded as the gold standard in blood flow measurements and can be performed with free breathing or breath held techniques. We hypothesized that the accuracy of flow measurements obtained with segmented phase-contrast during breath holding, and in particular higher number of k-space segments, would be non-inferior compared to navigator phase-contrast. Volumes obtained from anatomic segmentation of cine MRI and Doppler echocardiography were used for additional reference. Methods: Forty patients, five women and 35 men, mean age 65 years (range 53-80), were randomly selected and consented to the study. All underwent EKG-gated cardiac MRI including breath hold cine, navigator based free-breathing phase-contrast MRI and breath hold phase-contrast MRI using k-space segmentation factors 3 and 5, as well as transthoracic echocardiography within 2 days. Results: In navigator based free-breathing phase-contrast flow, mean stroke volume and cardiac output were 79.7 +/- 17.1 ml and 5071 +/- 1192 ml/min, respectively. The duration of the acquisition was 50 +/- 6 s. With k-space segmentation factor 3, the corresponding values were 77.7 ml +/- 17.5 ml and 4979 +/- 1211 ml/min (p = 0.15 vs navigator). The duration of the breath hold was 17 +/- 2 s. K-space segmentation factor 5 gave mean stroke volume 77.9 +/- 16.4 ml, cardiac output 5142 +/- 1197 ml/min (p = 0.33 vs navigator), and breath hold time 11 +/- 1 s. Anatomical segmentation of cine gave mean stroke volume and cardiac output 91.2 +/- 20.8 ml and 5963 +/- 1452 ml/min, respectively. Echocardiography was reliable in 20 of the 40 patients. The mean diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract was 20.7 +/- 1.5 mm, stroke volume 78.3 ml +/- 15.2 ml and cardiac output 5164 +/- 1249 ml/min. Conclusions: In forty consecutive patients with coronary heart disease, breath holding and segmented k-space sampling techniques for phase-contrast flow produced stroke volumes and cardiac outputs similar to those obtained with free-breathing navigator based phase-contrast MRI, using less time. The values obtained agreed fairly well with Doppler echocardiography while there was a larger difference when compared with anatomical volume determinations using SSFP (steady state free precession) cine MRI.
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48.
  • Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al. (författare)
  • Determination of right ventricular volume and function using multiple axially rotated MRI slices
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 31:3, s. 233-239
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pandgt;Background: The conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for right ventricular (RV) volume and motion, using short-axis (SA) orientation, is limited by RV anatomy and shape. We suggest an orientation based on six slices rotated around the long axis of the RV, rotated long axis (RLA). Materials and methods: Three phantoms were investigated in SA and RLA using cine balanced steady-state free precession MRI. Volumes were calculated based on segmentation and checked against true volumes. In 23 healthy male volunteers, we used six long-axis planes from the middle of the tricuspid valve to the RV apex, rotated in 30 degrees increments. For comparison, short-axis slices were acquired. Imaging parameters were identical in both acquisitions. Results: Right ventricular end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic (ESV) and stroke volumes (SV) determined in the RLA 179 center dot 1 +/- 29 center dot 3; 80 center dot 1 +/- 17 center dot 1; 99 center dot 3 +/- 16 center dot 9 ml and in the SA were 174 center dot 0 +/- 21 center dot 1; 78 center dot 8 +/- 13 center dot 6; 95 center dot 3 +/- 14 center dot 5 ml with P-values for the difference from 0 center dot 17 to 0 center dot 64 (ns). Interobserver variability ranged between 3 center dot 2% and 6 center dot 6% and intraobserver variability between 2 center dot 8% and 6 center dot 8%. In SA views, consensus for the definition of the basal slice was necessary in 39% of the volunteers for whom the average volume change was 20% in ESV and 10% in EDV. Conclusions: The RLA method results in better visualization and definition of the RV inflow, outflow and apex. Accurate measurement of RV volumes for diagnosis and follow-up of cardiac diseases are enhanced by the RLA orientation, even though additional acquisition time is required.
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49.
  • Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of Right and Left Ventricular Function Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Their First Degree Relatives
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Introduction and aim: The identification of right ventricular abnormalities in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in early stages is still difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate if longitudinal strain based on speckle tracking can detect subtle right (RV) or left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as an early sign of ARVC. Methods and results: Seventeen male patients, fulfilling Task force criteria for ARVC, 49 (32-70) years old, nineteen male first degree relatives 29 (19-73) y.o. and twenty-two healthy male volunteers 36 (24-66) y.o participated in the study. Twelve-lead and signal-averaged electrocardiograms were recorded. All subjects underwent echocardiography. LV and RV diameters, peak systolic velocity from tissue Doppler and longitudinal strain based on speckle tracking were measured from the basal and mid segments in both ventricles. RV longitudinal strain measurement was successful in first degree relatives and controls (95 resp. 86%) but less feasible in patients (59%). Results were not systematically different between first degree relatives and controls. Using discriminant analysis, we then developed an index based on echocardiographic parameters. All normal controls had an index Conclusion: Longitudinal strain of LV and RV segments was significantly lower in patients than in relatives and controls. An index was developed incorporating dimensional and functional echocardiographic parameters. In combination with genetic testing this index might help to detect early phenotype expression in mutation carriers.
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50.
  • Aneq Åström, Meriam, et al. (författare)
  • Novel plakophilin2 mutation. Three generation family with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 46:2, s. 72-75
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The autosomal dominant form of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)has been linked to mutations in desmosomal proteins. Different studies have shown that amutation in plakophilin-2 (PKP 2) is a frequent genetic cause for ARVC. We describe a newmutation in the PKP2 gene, the genotype-phenotype variation in this mutation and its clinicalconsequences. Design: Individuals in a three generation family were investigated after the sudden cardiac death of a young male. Clinical evaluation, electrocardiography, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, endomyocardial biopsy and genetic testing were performed. Results: A novel heterozygote mutation, a c.368G>A transition, located in exon 3 of the PKP2 gene was found (p.Trp123X). The phenotype was characterized by arrhythmia at an early age in some individuals, with mild abnormalities on imaging. However a relative carrying this mutation, with positive findings on endomyocardial biopsy had an otherwise normal phenotype, for 16 years, whereas a relative fulfilling the modified Task Force Criteria for ARVC turned out to be a non-carrier. Conclusions: This shows the variable penetrance and phenotypic expression in ARVC and highlights the need of genetic testing as well as a thorough phenotype examination as a part of the investigations in ARVC pedigrees.
  •  
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