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- Dalton, A. S., et al.
(författare)
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An updated radiocarbon-based ice margin chronology for the last deglaciation of the North American Ice Sheet Complex
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The North American Ice Sheet Complex (NAISC; consisting of the Laurentide, Cordilleran and Innuitian ice sheets) was the largest ice mass to repeatedly grow and decay in the Northern Hemisphere during the Quaternary. Understanding its pattern of retreat following the Last Glacial Maximum is critical for studying many facets of the Late Quaternary, including ice sheet behaviour, the evolution of Holocene landscapes, sea level, atmospheric circulation, and the peopling of the Americas. Currently, the most up-to-date and authoritative margin chronology for the entire ice sheet complex is featured in two publications (Geological Survey of Canada Open File 1574 [Dyke et al., 2003]; 'Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, Part II' [Dyke, 2004]). These often-cited datasets track ice margin recession in 36 time slices spanning 18 ka to 1 ka (all ages in uncalibrated radiocarbon years) using a combination of geomorphology, stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating. However, by virtue of being over 15 years old, the ice margin chronology requires updating to reflect new work and important revisions. This paper updates the aforementioned 36 ice margin maps to reflect new data from regional studies. We also update the original radiocarbon dataset from the 2003/2004 papers with 1541 new ages to reflect work up to and including 2018. A major revision is made to the 18 ka ice margin, where Banks and Eglinton islands (once considered to be glacial refugia) are now shown to be fully glaciated. Our updated 18 ka ice sheet increased in areal extent from 17.81 to 18.37 million km(2), which is an increase of 3.1% in spatial coverage of the NAISC at that time. Elsewhere, we also summarize, region-by-region, significant changes to the deglaciation sequence. This paper integrates new information provided by regional experts and radiocarbon data into the deglaciation sequence while maintaining consistency with the original ice margin positions of Dyke et al. (2003) and Dyke (2004) where new information is lacking; this is a pragmatic solution to satisfy the needs of a Quaternary research community that requires up-to-date knowledge of the pattern of ice margin recession of what was once the world's largest ice mass. The 36 updated isochrones are available in PDF and shapefile format, together with a spreadsheet of the expanded radiocarbon dataset (n = 5195 ages) and estimates of uncertainty for each interval. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Lusardi, Barbara A., et al.
(författare)
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QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHY OF MINNESOTA—CHARACTERIZATION AND CORRELATION OF UNITS
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America abstracts with programs Minneapolis 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much of Minnesota is covered by Quaternary sediment largely deposited by multiple ice lobes that emanated from different source areas within the Laurentide ice sheet. Subdivision of this sediment sequence as stratigraphic units is ongoing and provides a basis for interpreting the history of glaciation, as well as sedimentation in associated rivers and lakes. In addition, quantitative characterization of the properties of these strata increasingly is needed for applications such as groundwater management. To support characterization and correlation of these sediments, primarily consisting of diamicton interpreted as till, Minnesota Geological Survey staff have built a database of analyses for over 26,000 glacial sediment samples. The database includes location and descriptive information, along with matrix texture as percent sand, silt, and clay. For most samples, the very coarse sand fraction (1-2 mm) is further subdivided on the basis of the percentage of crystalline, carbonate, and shale grains, along with identification of indicator rock types within these groups. Lithologic data are used to assign tills to one of four source areas: shale-rich Riding Mountain provenance to the northwest, carbonate-rich Winnipeg provenance, carbonate-free and Lake-Superior erratic-free Rainy provenance, and finally red sandstone and rhyolite-bearing Superior provenance to the northeast. Recent progress on Minnesota Quaternary stratigraphy suggests that the sediments can be correlated across the state and can be subdivided as follows: old tills and associated sediment including magnetically reversed deposits, the bulk of which are derived from the Winnipeg provenance, but also includes Rainy and Superior provenance units; pre-Sangamonian, Winnipeg-source Browerville Formation which may be older or younger than the Superior-source tills such as the Hawk Creek, Henderson, and River Falls formations; Wisconsinan Traverse des Sioux and associated sediment that is a mix of both Winnipeg and Rainy sources; Rainy provenance sediments including the Independence formation; Superior provenance sediments including the Cromwell and Barnum formations; Riding Mountain provenance sediments mostly consisting of the New Ulm Formation; and sorted sediments such as the deposits of Lake Agassiz.
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