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1.
  • Antonsson, Helena, 1962- (författare)
  • Interaktion i särskilt boende för personer med utvecklingsstörning och utmanande beteende
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bakgrund: Många personer med utvecklingsstörning har kommunikativa svårigheter och har därför behov av att utveckla olika sätt att kommunicera för att kunna förstå andra och göra sig förstådda. Svårigheter i kommunikationen påverkar interaktionen mellan personer med utvecklingsstörning och deras vårdare. Detta ställer höga krav på vårdare att kunna tolka och förstå den enskilda individens sätt att uttrycka önskningar och behov. På samma sätt riskerar vårdares budskap att missförstås. Om vårdaren misslyckas att förstå den boendes kommunikation och vice versa, kan det leda till situationer med utmanande beteende exempelvis i form av vägran, verbal eller fysisk aggressivitet.Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att studera interaktion mellan vuxna personer med utvecklingsstörning och vårdare i gruppbostäder, samt att studera effekter av en utbildningsintervention för vårdare som arbetar i gruppbostäder.Metod: Avhandlingens samtliga delstudier har genomförts i gruppbostäder för personer med utvecklingsstörning bland boende och vårdare i ett län i norra Sverige. I studie I insamlades data kring 556 personer med utvecklingsstörning. I studie II och III deltog 16 vårdare och 11 personer med utvecklingsstörning. I studie IV deltog 7 vårdare. Studie I bygger på personalens skattningar av funktionsnivåer och förekomst av begränsningsåtgärder. I Studie II och III utgörs data av videoobservationer och narrativa intervjuer. I studie IV användes flera datainsamlingsmetoder i en mixed method design med både vårdarnas skattningar, med hjälp av instrument och semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Analys av materialet i studie II, III och IV har gjorts med kvalitativ innehållsanalys och i studie I och IV har data analyserats statistiskt.Resultat: I studie I framkom att av 556 boende hade 99 (18%) varit föremål för fysiska begränsningsåtgärder under den senaste veckan. Av dessa 99 hade nästan alla varit föremål för mer än en typ av begränsningsåtgärd. Den vanligaste begränsningsåtgärden var bälte i stol (74%). Användningen av begränsningsåtgärder var relaterade både till fysiska funktionsnedsättningar och till beteende.I studie II reflekterade vårdare över videoinspelad interaktion där vårdarna medverkat, både framgångsrik och misslyckad interaktion. Exempel på framgångsrik interaktion var att förstå tecken, kunna möta behov och hantera situationer med utmanande beteenden. Vårdarna reflekterade över att framgångsrik interaktion ledde till säkerhet, trygghet och självförtroende hos de boende. Vårdarna reflekterade även över de konsekvenser misslyckad interaktion fick i form av irritation, aggression och våld från de boende.I studie III studerades videoinspelad interaktion mellan 11 personer med utvecklingsstörning och 16 av deras vårdare. Verbal och icke-verbal interaktion identifierades. Fyra inspelade situationer valdes ut för att belysa framgångsrikt samspel. Resultatet visade att framgångsrikt samspel mellan personer med utvecklingsstörning och deras vårdare bland annat bygger på möjligheten att bekräfta varandra, dela vardagshändelser, ge tid och utrymme och på att använda ett kongruent och tydligt språk.I studie IV utvärderades effekterna av en web-baserad utbildningsintervention, vars syfte var att förbättra interaktionen mellan personer med utvecklingsstörning och vårdare samt att därmed reducera förekomsten av situationer med utmanande beteende. Resultatet visade att vårdarna hade förbättrat sin förmåga att hantera situationer med utmanande beteende och att förekomsten av utmanande beteende minskat. Vårdarna beskrev att den web-baserade utbildningen upplevts givande och möjlig att ta del av parallellt med arbetet.Slutsats: Fysiska begränsningsåtgärder förekommer i gruppbostäder för personer med utvecklingsstörning. Användningen av begränsningsåtgärder kan vara relaterade både till fysiska funktionsnedsättningar och till beteenden i samspelet mellan brukare och vårdare. Vårdare upplever användningen av fysiska begränsningsåtgärder svår och tröttande. Brott i kommunikationen mellan personer med utvecklingsstörning och deras vårdare kan leda till försvårad interaktion med risk för situationer med utmanande beteenden. När vårdare är framgångsrika i interaktionen med personer med utvecklingsstörning ger det tillfredsställelse både för de boende och vårdarna. Vårdarna upplever dock ofta hjälplöshet och osäkerhet i relation till hantering av situationer med utmanande beteende och efterfrågar utbildning. Web-baserad utbildning om interaktion med personer med utvecklingsstörning och utmanande beteende har i vår studie visat sig ge lovande effekter och bör vara möjlig att utveckla för både introduktion av nyanställda vårdare och för kompetensutveckling bland mer erfaren personal.
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2.
  • Gabrielsson, Hanna, 1977- (författare)
  • Adults with Spina bifida : voices from everyday life and exploration of living conditions
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall aim of this thesis was to generate knowledge about living with Spina bifida, by mapping the condition and together with the adults with Spina bifida explore their living conditions and experiences in everyday life. Methods Study I was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. In Study II, individual experiences of daily life were explored by deep interviews using a reflective lifeworld approach. Study III had a participatory approach including five members of a photovoice group who met for eight sessions. Photographs taken by the members served as a starting point for the dialogue about what was of interest in their daily life. A narrative analysis was conducted by the researchers, incorporating the analysis the group did together. Study IV focused on alignment with the methodology in which photovoice is grounded. By returning to the ideological cornerstones of photovoice, the empirical experiences from Study III and examples from the literature were elaborated through processes within photovoice. The findings show that those adults with Spina bifida who were >46 years old had less complex medical conditions and better physical and cognitive functions, and had attained a higher level of education. The main theme in Study II was presented as “The contradictory path towards wellbeing in daily life.” In Study III, the members’ experiences in everyday life showed that many solutions offered by society were “An adaptation for us, but it works for no one.” The findings are further presented under three themes: “Accessibility – a never-ending project,” “Tensions of a normative view” and “Power to influence.” By focusing on action and narrative in Study IV, it is shown that dialogue, action, and interaction are important aspects of using photovoice. In conclusion, not all adult persons receive the support they need in everyday life, something future generations of adult persons with Spina bifida may have a higher need for. The stories and experiences of adults with Spina bifida in this thesis paint a history of not being asked, concerning their own situation. This shows that there is insufficient integration of the persons’ experiences in society’s efforts to plan for, and support, these individuals. The photovoice method was feasible for this group, providing opportunity for being part of dialogue, action, and interaction.
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3.
  • Granlund, Anna, 1984- (författare)
  • Facilitating Automation Development in Internal Logistics Systems
  • 2014
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The internal logistics system includes all activities connected with managing the flow of materials within the physical limits of a facility. This system is an important part of operations in need of increased focus and continuous improvements. Automation is one possible tool with a previously confirmed great potential to improve internal logistics. Despite this great potential and a growing trend of using automation in the area, internal logistics activities are still not automated to the same extent as other parts of operations. The overall aim of this research is therefore to develop knowledge that supports the successful use of automation in internal logistics systems.The automation development process has been identified as critical for the success of the use of automation. With the overall aim of the research in mind, the objective of this thesis is to develop a framework facilitating the automation development process in internal logistics systems. To help fulfil the objective, empirical data have been collected through five case studies and a survey study. During the empirical studies, the process of improving the internal logistics system and the automation development process have been analysed and the focus has been on identifying challenges and facilitators for the successful use and development of automation in internal logistics systems.The findings indicate a poor awareness of both current and desired performance of the internal logistics system at the companies studied. In addition, automation development is often conducted in an unstructured and poorly supported manner and there is often insecurity regarding what steps and actions to take. Foremost, the findings indicate a poor base for proper evaluation and decisions during automation development in internal logistics systems. This is analysed and concluded as a cause of unclear goals and requirements and the lack of a strategic view with regard to both internal logistics operations and the use and development of automation.A framework, including proposed guidelines to overcome the observed challenges by including identified factors facilitating successful automation development in internal logistics systems has been developed. The core of the framework is a proposed process model for automation development in an internal logistics context. Due to the identified importance and the lack of a strategy linked to and supporting the automation development process, the framework also includes a proposed model for an internal logistics strategy as well as a proposed model for an automation strategy. 
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4.
  • Janeslätt Granlund, Gunnel, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of time processing ability and daily time management in children with and without developmental disabilities
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Learning and Memory Developments and Intellectual Disabilities. - : Nova Science Publishers, Inc. - 9781608763979 ; , s. 269-280
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the time-dependent society of today, those with limited ability to manage time will show a heightened dependence on others and more need for support, exacerbating their vulnerability. Children with developmental disorders e.g. intellectual disabilities or Autism Spectrum Disorders are reported to have problems in time perception, time orientation or time management, in this chapter all related to the suggested overarching concept: time processing ability (TPA). The aim of this short communication is to present a currently developed innovative assessment of TPA and its relation to daily time management (TM) in children with and without developmental disabilities, including intellectual disabilities. The new assessment of TPA; Kit for assessing Time processing ability (KaTid) for children was based on current knowledge of information processing in children with cognitive disabilities e.g. using iconic symbols and concrete concepts. Using modern test statistics (Rasch analysis), the evaluation of the KaTid and a related Parent scale for estimating the daily TM presented acceptable psychometric properties. The results indicate that the items in KaTid, initially defined as time perception, time orientation and time management, all empirically support a potential uni-dimensional construct, TPA. In this TPA construct, time perception, time orientation and time management can be seen as different levels of complexity rather than as separate constructs. The Parent scale of daily TM also demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. There is a relation between the parents' ratings of a child's daily TM and TPA in children with developmental disabilities. Thus TPA seems to be a factor related to children's daily TM that needs to be taken into consideration when planning and evaluating interventions designed to facilitate everyday functioning for children with ID. This is a step towards providing evidence-based instruments that, together with other information, can help the professional in structuring the intervention planning process for children with difficulties in daily TM.
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5.
  • Karlsson, Maria, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • Changing services to children with disabilities and their families through in-service training - is the organisation affected?
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Special Needs Education. - London : Routledge. - 0885-6257 .- 1469-591X. ; 23:3, s. 207-222
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Professional development in family centred services was given to professionals supporting children with disabilities and their families with the purpose to influence ways to perform working tasks. Is it possible to change ways of working through in-service training? In order to find answers to that question perceptions of in-service training at different organisational levels was collected by interviews. Ways to perform working tasks was investigated by self reported ratings on questionnaires. What kind of change the teams experienced was analysed through written assignments in the end of professional development. The study builds on a longitudinal design. Watzlawick, Weakland and Fisch (1974) identified orders of change is used to analyse perceptions of and changes after professional development. The findings reveal that participants at different levels of the organisation have rather similar perceptions of the in-service training. They are described more in depth by participants within the organisation than the ones outside (parents and managers), who rather describe the consequences of the professional development than the actual professional development process. After professional development the family approach has been adopted among most professionals, for example are assessment tools and model for habilitation plans which were presented in professional development used in everyday work after professional development. This implies a second order change. However do some professionals claim that the family  ways of working is nothing new to them, which correspond to a first order change. Professional development in conjunction with resources after professional development are therefore seen as factors that facilitate second order change.
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6.
  • Lundström, Mats, 1956- (författare)
  • Våld - utmaning och utmattning : vårdares utsatthet och upplevelser i samband med våld i gruppbostäder för personer med utvecklingsstörning
  • 2006
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • ABSTRACT This thesis aims to explore the prevalence of violence towards caregivers working in group home for people with learning disabilities, as well as the influence of work climate and personality on the caregivers’ experiences of strain and exposure to violence. The thesis comprises four studies conducted among caregivers working in group homes for people with learning disabilities in one urban district in Sweden. Study I includes data regarding caregivers’ exposure to violence and their demographics. In study II and III data were collected by instruments for measuring caregivers’ personalities and experiences of the work climate as well as emotional reactions, strain, and experiences of burnout. Data were also collected by 50 narrative interviews with 44 caregivers reporting exposure to violence. In order to illuminate caregivers’ experiences of being exposed to violence, the interviews were transcribed and interpreted using qualitative content analysis. The results showed that 31% of the caregivers (n=120) had been exposed to violence during the preceding year, with physical violence being the most common type. Weak relationships were found between reported exposure to violence and caregivers’ age and education (I). Among those in studies II and III who completed all instruments (n=112), 45 caregivers (40%) reported exposure to violence. A significant difference in age was found between exposed and not exposed caregivers. In the total sample of studies II and III, 30% (n=41) of the caregivers were at risk of developing burnout. The relationship between exposure to violence and the caregivers’ experiences of the work climate (CCQ) showed that “debates” was the only factor that on average was significantly higher among caregivers reporting violence from the residents. The caregivers’ emotional reactions, strain, and work climate factors explained 35% of the variance in burnout scores (II). No significant relationships were found between the caregivers’ personalities (TCI and RSES) and their exposure to violence. Personality dimensions explained 32% of the variance of the caregivers’ experiences of burnout. The results did not show a significant relationship between a caregiver’s personality and exposure to violence. However, those exposed to violence reported more emotional exhaustion than those not exposed (III). Caregivers exposed to violence reported feelings of powerlessness, insufficiency, anger and violence was very seldom followed by support from the managers at the group homes (I). Interviews show that caregivers’ experiences are about “falling apart” and “keeping it together”. Falling apart involves fear, powerlessness, sadness, anger, and timelessness, while keeping it together involves joy, respect, self-reflection, and habituation. Destructive experiences are balanced by a more constructive view of the situation by keeping the situation, and the caregivers themselves, together. The findings show that exposure to violence occurs frequently and a large proportion of the exposed caregivers are at risk for burnout. It was not possible to confirm the relationships between the caregivers’ personality, experiences of the work climate, and exposure to violence but partly to emotional reactions, strain and burnout. The findings of the four studies are discussed in relation to how it is to live and work in an environment where violence is of frequent occurrence.
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7.
  • Adair, Brooke, et al. (författare)
  • Measures used to quantify participation in childhood disability and their alignment with the family of participation-related constructs : a systematic review
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : WILEY. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 60:11, s. 1101-1116
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AimWe aimed to identify measures used to assess the participation of disabled children and to map the measures' content to the family of participation-related constructs (fPRC) to inform future research and practice. MethodSix databases were searched to identify measures used to assess participation in health, psychology, and education research. Included studies involved children aged 0 to 18 years with a permanent impairment or developmental disability and reported use of a quantitative measure of participation. A second search sought relevant literature about each identified measure (including published manuals) to allow a comprehensive understanding of the measure. Measurement constructs of frequently reported measures were then mapped to the fPRC. ResultsFrom an initial yield of 32 767 articles, 578 reported one or more of 118 participation measures. Of these, 51 measures were reported in more than one article (our criterion) and were therefore eligible for mapping to the fPRC. Twenty-one measures quantified aspects of participation attendance, 10 quantified aspects of involvement as discrete scales, and four quantified attendance and involvement in a manner that could not be separated. InterpretationImproved understanding of participation and its related constructs is developing rapidly; thoughtful selection of measures in research is critical to further our knowledge base.
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8.
  • Adair, Brooke, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of interventions aimed at improving participation outcomes for children with disabilities : a systematic review
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 57:12, s. 1093-1104
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AimEnhancement of participation has been described as the ultimate outcome for health and educational interventions. The goal of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise studies that aimed to improve the participation outcomes of children with disabilities.MethodNine databases that index literature from the fields of health, psychology, and education were searched to retrieve information on research conducted with children with disabilities aged between 5 years and 18 years. Articles were included if the author(s) reported that participation was an intended outcome of the intervention. The articles included were limited to those reporting high-level primary research, as defined by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy guidelines. No restrictions were placed on the type of intervention being investigated.ResultsSeven randomized controlled or pseudo-randomized studies were included. Only three of these studies identified participation as a primary outcome. Both individualized and group-based approaches to enhancing participation outcomes appeared to be effective. Studies of interventions with a primary focus on body function or activity level outcomes did not demonstrate an effect on participation outcomes.IntepretationFew intervention studies have focused on participation as a primary outcome measure. Approaches using individually tailored education and mentoring programmes were found to enhance participation outcomes, while exercise programmes, where participation was a secondary outcome, generally demonstrated little effect.
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10.
  • Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950- (författare)
  • Applying the ICF-CY to identify everyday life situations of children and youth with disabilities
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Four studies were included in this doctoral dissertation aiming to investigatehow habilitation professionals perceive the ICF-CY in clinical work and to identify everyday life situations specific for children and youth aged 0-17 years. The ICF-CY was the conceptual framework and since the research was conducted on as well as with the ICF-CY, the use of the classification runs like a thread through all the work. The design was primarily qualitative and included descriptive and comparative content analyses. Study I was longitudinal, aiming to explore how an implementation of the ICF-CY in Swedish habilitation services was perceived. Studies II-IV were interrelated, aiming to explore children’s most common everyday life situations. Content in measures of participation, professionals’ perspectives, and external data on parents’ perspectives were linked to the ICF-CY and compared. Mixed methods design bridged the Studies III-IV. Results in Study I indicated that knowledge on the ICF-CY enhanced professionals’ awareness of families’ views of child functioning and pointed to the need for ICF-CY based assessment and intervention methods focusing on child participation in life situations. A first important issue in this respect was to identify everyday life situations. Two sets of ten everyday life situations related to the ICF-CY component Activities and Participation, chapters d3-d9, were compiled and adopted for younger and older children respectively, establishing a difference in context specificity depending on maturity and growing autonomy. Furthermore, key constructs in the ICFCY model were discussed, additional ICF-CY linking rules were presented and suggestions for revisions of the ICF linking rules and the ICF-CY were listed. As the sample of everyday life situations reflects the perspectives of adults, further research has to add the perspective of children and youth. The identified everyday life situations will be the basis for the development of code sets included in a screening tool intended for self- or proxy- report of participation from early childhood through adolescence.
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11.
  • Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950-, et al. (författare)
  • Everyday Life Situations for Child Participation
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Third ISEI Conference.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Child Participation is defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health forChildren and Youth (ICF-CY) as involvement in life situations but knowledge on children´s specific everydaylife situations (EDLs) is lacking. Professionals in early intervention services need a structured tool to identifyand assess child participation in everyday life situations. It should support children with disabilities indescribing what matters most for them in intervention planning. With the long term goal to create ICF-CY codesets, EDLs were identified by a systematic literature search for measures of performance or participation andby collecting professional opinions on EDL and participation. Information was linked to the ICF-CY andtriangulated with research exploring family opinions. Most items in measures were linked to moving around,play, and recreation and leisure. The six measures of performance and six of participation differed regardingcontent and content dependent on age group.Descriptions on EDLs from 297 professionals were linked to ICF-CY codes. Frequent linkages were Self-care,such as eating and hygiene; Major life areas, such as play and education; and Relationships, but also sleep. Byrelating EDLs directly to predefined ICF-CY categories in the ICF-CY component Activities and Participation,five EDLs across categories were identified based on responses from 207 professionals. These concernedsleep, communication, dressing, family relationships and play. Some differences emerged dependent onparticipants’ culture and on age group. A triangulation between professional and family opinions concerningEDL’s revealed relatively high agreement. As a final result, a set of approximately 12-15 everyday lifesituations is expected to be identified in this study to be used for development of code sets.
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12.
  • Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950-, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring changes over time in habilitation professionals' perceptions and applications of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, version for Children and Youth (ICF-CY).
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 42:7, s. 670-678
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE This study explored how professionals in inter-disciplinary teams perceived the implementation of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, version for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) in Swedish habilitation services. DESIGN Descriptive longitudinal mixed-methods design. METHODS Following participation in a 2-day in-service training on the ICF-CY, 113 professionals from 14 interdisciplinary teams described their perceptions of the implementation of the ICF-CY at 3 consecutive time-points: during in-service training, after 1 year, and after 2.5 years. RESULTS Implementation of the ICF-CY in daily work focused on assessment and habilitation planning and required adaptations of routines and materials. The ICF-CY was perceived as useful in supporting analyses and in communication about children's needs. Professionals also perceived it as contributing to new perspectives on problems and a sharpened focus on participation. CONCLUSION Professionals indicated that the ICF-CY enhanced their awareness of families' views of child participation, which corresponded to organizational goals for habilitation services. An implementation finding was a lack of tools fitting the comprehensive ICF-CY perspective. The study points to the need for ICF-CY-based assessment and intervention methods focusing on child participation
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14.
  • Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950-, et al. (författare)
  • Identifying child functioning from an ICF-CY perspective : everyday life situations explored in measures of participation
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 33:13-14, s. 1230-1244
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose. This study was part of a larger work to develop an authentic measure consisting of code sets for self- or proxy-report of child participation. The aim was to identify common everyday life situations of children and youth based on measures of participation. Method. The study was descriptive in nature and involved several stages: systematic search of literature to find articles presenting measures for children and youth with disabilities, identifying measures in selected articles, linking items in included measures to the ICF-CY, analysing content in measures presented as performance and participation and identifying aggregations of ICF-CY codes across these measures. Results. A large number of measures for children and youth with disabilities were identified but only 12 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A slight distinction in content and age appropriateness appeared. Measures presented as performance covered all the ICF-CY Activities and Participation chapters, whereas measures presented as participation covered five of nine chapters. Three common everyday life situations emerged from the measures: Moving around, Engagement in play and Recreation and leisure. Conclusion. Only a small number of life situations for children and youth emerged from items in selected measures, thus, other sources are needed to identify more everyday life situations.
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16.
  • Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950-, et al. (författare)
  • Is ICF a valid tool for structuring health information?
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: 5<sup>th</sup> Scandinavian Conference on Health Informatics and 11<sup>th </sup>Swedish National Term Conference.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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17.
  • Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950-, et al. (författare)
  • Professionals' views of children's everyday life situations and the relation to participation
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 34:7, s. 581-592
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The aim was to determine professionals' views of everyday life situations (ELS) of importance for children and to explore how ELS correlate with the construct "Participation". This study was part of a larger work to develop a structured tool with code sets to identify child participation and support children with disabilities to describe what matters most for them in intervention planning. Method: The study had a concurrent mixed methods design. Information from one open-ended question and questionnaires were linked to the ICF-CY component Activities and Participation. Two concurrent data sets were compared. Results: Proposed ELS were distributed across ICF-CY categories from low to high level of complexity and context specificity. The correlation with participation became stronger for the later chapters of the component (d7-d9). Differences between respondents due to working field, country, and children's ages were explored. Acts and tasks seemed most important for the youngest children, whereas ELS shifted towards societal involvement for adolescents. Conclusion: Eleven categories related to ICF-CY chapters d3-d9 emerged as ELS. Two age groups (infants/preschoolers and adolescents) are required to develop code sets for the new tool. The results need triangulation with other concurrent studies to provide corroborating evidence and add a family perspective.
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19.
  • Ahlskog, Mats, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Approaching digital transformation in the manufacturing industry challenges and differing views
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Manufacturing Research. - 1750-0591 .- 1750-0605. ; :4, s. 415-433
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In order to support manufacturing companies in their digital transformation, challenges and views of the term 'digital transformation' need to be identified since digital transformation is considered a source of competitive advantages. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the challenges and differing views of digital transformation in the manufacturing industry. A case study was conducted in collaboration with four Swedish manufacturing companies. The results were then mapped into categories of three dimensions (people, process and technology), indicating that digital transformation can have different meanings within a company. We conclude that the term 'digitalisation' is more frequently used in the manufacturing industry than 'digital transformation' and identified challenges relate to lack of best practice for digital transformation, degree of standardisation and therefore affects the workload and limits the possibilities of transferring technical solutions between factories. Our findings are relevant to operations managers and other interested in digital transformation. 
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20.
  • Ahlskog, Mats, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Differing Views of the Meaning of Digital Transformation in Manufacturing Industry
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press BV. - 9781614994398 ; , s. 331-340
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the literature there is no consensus regarding the meaning of the term digital transformation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the differing views of the meaning of digital transformation. A case study has been conducted in collaboration with four Swedish manufacturing companies. The results shows that digital transformation can have different meaning within a company and the main challenge when performing digital transformation is knowledge. This study is the first investigation in a research project focusing on coordination of digital transformation. Therefore, is the underlaying goal to identify how the participating companies in the research project describe digital transformation in comparison with the literature. The research intention is not to define digital transformation rather to explore differing views of digital transformation and highlighting similarities and difference in comparison with the literature reviewed. The findings are practically relevant for manufacturing companies by highlighting differing views of digital transformation and in the creation of a common language within a company. 
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21.
  • Ahlskog, Mats, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Paradoxes in the Digital Transformation of Production Systems
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press BV. - 9781643685106 ; , s. 244-255
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Digital transformation of production systems is a challenging task that demands radical responses from existing organizations. During the digital transformation of productions systems tensions occur that need to be managed and the purpose of this paper is to identify paradoxes in the digital transformation of production systems. Paradox theory has been applied as an analytical framework when identifying digital transformation paradoxes and tensions. A case study has been conducted and two manufacturing companies’ digitalization projects have been studied and analyzed in combination with data from workshops around digital transformation. The results were mapped into four types of paradoxes: organizing, performing, belonging, and learning. We conclude that the identified tensions are intertwined, and a major tension is the degree of standardization of technologies (standardization vs customization) and a more agile way of working (learning by doing vs learning before) doing is a trend within the digital transformation of production system. Our findings are relevant to operations managers and others interested in tensions during the digital transformation of production systems.
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22.
  • Allodi Westling, Mara, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Discussing Projects in Special Education Directed Towards Early Interventions in Childhood Education in the Swedish Context
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Research to Practice in Early Intervention.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In Sweden, Early Childhood Education and Care is a right for every child and children in need of special support have access to these provisions in inclusive mainstream settings. National evaluations show great quality variations in special educational support in preschools and schools across the country. A Multicenter Research School with 10 PhD students from four Universities and international partners has been funded (2018- 2021) by the Swedish Research Council to develop knowledge in early intervention. Preschool/school environments are assessed and tailored interventions at unit or child level are developed. The projects are built on previous research and identified needs in research and practice. The theoretical framework for the Research School will be described, results from a systematic review of previous research and specific plans for various topics (engagement, early literacy, expressive language development, socio- emotional development, self-regulation) will be presented and linked to the theoretical framework.
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23.
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24.
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25.
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26.
  • Almqvist, Lena (författare)
  • Children's health and developmental delay : positive functioning in every-day life
  • 2006
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The general aim of this thesis was to gain understanding of what patterns of child and environment characteristics that promote and sustain health and positive functioning of children with and without developmental delay or disabilities. The focus was on promotion of strengths and competencies rather than on prevention of risk factors, with an emphasis on children’s functioning in every-day life. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted on representative samples of children. In Study I, participation in school activities were used as an outcome of positive functioning of children with disabilities. The findings indicated that autonomy, locus of control, child-peer interaction, and availability of activities were most influential in relation to participation in a pattern of child and environment factors. No significant difference was found across groups in type and degree of disability. Study II was conducted to gain knowledge of how young children perceive health. The interviews revealed that children perceived health in a multidimensional perspective, well represented by the health dimensions of ICF. The children largely related consequences of health to engagement. In Study III, engagement was used as an outcome of children’s interaction with their natural environment. The focus was to describe how children with and without developmental delay, divided into homogenous groups according to a pattern of child-environment interaction factors, engaged in developmentally appropriate behavior in their preschool and home environment. Groups of children with different patterns showed similar outcomes of engagement. Children with developmental delay were represented across groups, implying that developmental delay was less of a factor by itself influencing level of engagement. Study IV was longitudinal and the aim was to identify pathways of children’s engagement over time of children with and without developmental delay. Child-peer interaction seemed to promote high level engagement, while developmental delay only showed to be influential of low level engagement over time if combined with behavior problems. Children without developmental delay or behavior problems were met with greater teacher responsiveness, and at the same time teacher responsiveness predicted stable patterns of high level engagement or change to higher level engagement over time. The general finding in this thesis supported a both a multidimensional perspective of health and positive functioning, in where developmental delay and disability is viewed as a function of child and environmental characteristics. The results are discussed in a systemic perspective, in where the role of the delay or disability, as of other factors related to health and positive functioning in the whole child-environment system is determined by a multitude of factors. The dynamic character of children’s development makes it difficult to predict children’s future functioning, from isolated factors such as disability or developmental delay. Thus, a disability or developmental delay only becomes a risk factor of health, when combined with other risk factors that decrease the functioning of children in their every-day life.
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27.
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28.
  • Almqvist, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • 'I can play!' : Young children's perceptions of health
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Pediatric Rehabilitation. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1363-8491 .- 1464-5270. ; 9:3, s. 275-284
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Health is today viewed as a multi-dimensional concept partly conceptualized independent from not being ill. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge of how young children perceive health. Interviews were conducted with 68 children (4–5 years), within their pre-school setting, with the help of a semi-structured interview guide. A multi-dimensional perspective represented by the health dimensions of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used in a manifest deductive content analysis. The children's statements were categorized and placed under one of the four health dimensions, body, activity, participation and environment. A latent content analysis was applied to identify underlying themes in the manifest categories. The results revealed that young children perceive health as a multi-dimensional construct, largely related to being engaged, i.e. to be able to perform wanted activities and participate in a supportive every-day context. This implies that improvements of child engagement should be emphasized in health promotion and to a greater extent be the central focus of health interventions for young children.
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29.
  • Almqvist, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Longitudinal Typical Patterns of Behaviour and Engagement of Children with Swedish or Other Ethnicity and the Impact of Special Support in Swedish Preschools
  • 2019
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is of concern that some children, even at a young age, are less engaged than others. Findings indicate that children of other ethnicities are less engaged in preschool activities than their Swedish peers. They also more commonly display behaviour difficulties. Such negative patterns tend to be stable over time. Provision of special support in preschool could change this; however children of other ethnicities have been found to be less supported in preschool, compared to Swedish children. This study aimed to explore longitudinal typical patterns of engagement and behaviour of children of Swedish and other ethnicities in Swedish preschools and the association with special support provision. Data were collected at three time points (n=197; 110 boys; 48 of other ethnicities; 15-57 months). A longitudinal pattern analysis revealed five stable types, examined regarding the influence of provision of support and proportion of children with other ethnicities.
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30.
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31.
  • Almqvist, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Participation in school environment of children and youth with disabilities : a person-oriented approach
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 46:3, s. 305-314
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study investigated patterns of interrelated positive subject and environmental factors related to participation in school activities of pupils with different kinds of disabilities. Questionnaires concerning participation were collected from 472 pupils with disabilities and their teachers, parents and special education consultants. A person-oriented approach with the aim to identify patterns of variables related to a high degree of participation of pupils with disabilities was used. Cluster-groups were formed based on scores for individual subjects on factors identified as important for participation. Groups with a high degree of participation were characterized by high scores in autonomy and perceived interaction with peers and teachers and an internal locus of control. Type and degree of disability did not predict cluster group membership. A conclusion is that the outcome participation is better predicted by patterns of interrelated positive subject and environmental factors than by type of disability or any other single factor.
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32.
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33.
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34.
  • Almqvist, Lena, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Små barns psykiska hälsa
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Psykisk hälsa. - Stockholm : Föreningen Psykisk hälsa. - 0033-3212. ; :3, s. 10-17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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35.
  • Almqvist, Lena, 1963-, et al. (författare)
  • Special support for behavior difficulties and engagement in Swedish preschools
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2504-284X. ; 3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Swedish preschool curriculum stipulates that all children independent of support needs should attend mainstream preschool groups, with equal opportunities for learning and engagement. Preschool teachers are responsible for paying attention to children in need of special support to achieve this. How support is provided for children in need of special support due to behavior difficulties in Swedish preschools varies, however. Some children, often formally identified as in need of special support, are supported by preschool staff supervised by external services. Other children receive support initiated and implemented by preschool staff, without supervision from external services. A further number of children receive no support for behavior difficulties, on top of what is provided to all children. This study investigated associations between support format (i.e. supervised support, staff-initiated support or no additional support), support content (i.e. implementation of support), behavior difficulties, socio-demographics and engagement. A mixed methods approach was used with a sample of 232 preschool children 15 to 71 months with assessed behavior difficulties. Preschool staff reported on the children's engagement, behavior difficulties, socio-demographics and support provision. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the probability of children receiving either support format. Content analysis was used to categorize the support content, reported by preschool staff through open-ended questions. Point-biserial correlations were used to test associations between support content, behavior, socio-demographics and engagement. All children receiving supervised support for behavior difficulties were formally identified by external services as in need of special support. Supervised support was also more common if children disturbed the free play in the preschool group, with the most frequent support being collaboration with external teams. Staff-initiated support was most commonly given to children with high engagement, and for children who are not early second language learners. These children were most frequently supported by staff paying attention to negative behavior. Children who were not perceived as a burden to the group were less likely to receive any form of additional support. Ways of managing the preschool group seem to guide support strategies for children with behavior difficulties, rather than child-focused strategies emphasizing engagement in everyday activities.
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36.
  • Alverbratt, Catrin (författare)
  • Implementation of a New Working Method in Psychiatric Care
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: The implementation of evidence-based methods in hospital settings is challenging and multifaceted. There are several different factors that may affect implementation processes, of which the organisational culture may be one. It is well known that conservative organisational culture can hinder implementations; accordingly, a mix of different organisational cultures is preferable. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to follow the implementation process of an ICF-based assessment tool regarding cultural differences associated with the implementation in a psychiatric clinic. As part of the project, an assessment tool based on the International classifi cation of functioning disability and health (ICF) was developed and implemented. Method: In Study I, three Swedish expert groups participated and analysis of inter-rater reliability was conducted through simulated patient cases. In Study II, data were collected through focus group interviews pre- and post-implementation of the ICF-based assessment tool; thereafter, data were analysed using directed content analysis guided by Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Data from 109 nursing staff who completed the organisational values questionnaire (OVQ) and resistance to change (RTC) were investigated, and the association between the OVQ and RTC was examined with regression analysis (Study III). Patients n=50 representing the intervention hospital and n=64 representing the control hospital answered the Empowerment scale (ES) and Quality in psychiatric care (QPC-IP) (n=45 from intervention hospital and n=64 from control hospital). Staff n=37 at the control hospital answered the OVQ which was presented as descriptive data (Study IV). Results: Inter-rater reliability of the ICF-based assessment tool (DLDA) displayed acceptable kappa values (Study I). The DLDA tool showed the potential for empowering patients. Furthermore, it was considered useful for dialogues, refl ection and for identifying patients’ strengths. Nonetheless, it was diffi cult to implement it in practice due to contributing factors such as time pressure, heavy workload, stress and lack of routine in using the tool (Study II). The intervention hospital was characterised by an organisational culture of trust, belongingness and fl exibility, i.e. a human relation culture. One ward (I.W.3), however, was not dominated by a human relation culture. This ward had an almost equal mix of different cultures (human relation, open system, internal processes and rational goal) (Study III). The results of Study IV were non-signifi cant; however, it indicated that intervention ward 3 proved to be the most prominent ward regarding patient participation and empowerment among the intervention group. The results suggest hospital wards with equal mix of different cultures is more successful than cultural polarisation. Conclusion: Only one of fi ve wards succeeded in implementing the DLDA successfully (ward 5). Ward number three was the most successful of the inpatient intervention wards. The intent of the DLDA method was considered to be good and its use in a psychiatric nursing context can provide structured support in order to improve the dialogue with the patient, but it was not used in practice in all the studied wards. The organisational culture of the intervention hospital was dominated by human relation properties, however with one exception, ward number three. The results tentatively show that organisational culture may affect outcomes of implementation processes. Consequently, it appears that an equal mix of different cultures are more auspicious than cultural polarisations. The results seems to confi rm previous research, where one ward with a balanced mix of different cultures succeeded best to implement DLDA, of the wards representing psychiatric inpatient care. Ward number three did also show the best results in terms of empowerment and patient participation of the intervention wards. Further research aims to continue developing and conducting psychometric testing of the DLDA tool. The DLDAs impact on patient assessed empowerment and patient participation requires studies on larger populations than the current study
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37.
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38.
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39.
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40.
  • Andersson, Mats T., 1960- (författare)
  • Controllable Multi-dimensional Filters and Models in Low-Level Computer Vision
  • 1992
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis concerns robust estimation of low-level features for use in computer vision systems. The presentation consists of two parts.The first part deals with controllable filters and models. A basis filter set is introduced which supports a computationally efficient synthesis of filters in arbitrary orientations. In contrast to many earlier methods, this approach allows the use of more complex models at an early stage of the processing. A new algorithm for robust estimation of orientation is presented. The algorithm is based on synthesized quadrature responses and supports the simultaneous representation and individual averaging of multiple events. These models are then extended to include estimation and representation of more complex image primitives such as as line ends, T-junctions, crossing lines and curvature. The proposed models are based on symmetry properties in the Fourier domain as well as in the spatial plane and the feature extraction is performed by applying the original basis filters directly on the grey-level image. The basis filters and interpolation scheme are finally generalized to allow synthesis of 3-D filters. The performance of the proposed models and algorithms is demonstrated using test images of both synthetic and real world data.The second part of the thesis concerns an image feature representation adapted for a robust analogue implementation. A possible use for this approach is in analogue VLSI or corresponding analogue hardware adapted for neural networks. The methods are based on projections of quadrature filter responses and mutual inhibition of magnitude signals.
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41.
  • Antoniadou, Marianna, et al. (författare)
  • Strategies used by professionals in pediatric rehabilitation to engage the child in the intervention process : A scoping review
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0194-2638 .- 1541-3144. ; 44:4, s. 461-488
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: To investigate strategies used by professionals in pediatric rehabilitation to engage children in every step of the intervention process, including assessment, goal setting, planning and implementation of the intervention, and results evaluation.METHODS: A scoping literature review was conducted, and seven databases were searched, including CINAHL and MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, Social Science Premium Collection, PubMed, and Web of Science. A citation search of included articles was completed. Predetermined criteria, quality standards, and PIO framework guided the selection process. Results were presented in relation to Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and the contextual model of therapeutic change.RESULTS: In total, 20 studies were included in the review. Pediatric professionals reported that therapeutic use of self and their own engagement in the intervention facilitated the establishment of a supportive relationship. Providing clear explanations about their role and therapy rationale developed positive expectations. By making the child feel successful within-session and outside-session activities, professionals enhanced child mastery. Professionals' strategies were abstractly described.CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to investigate strategies that are effective in the different steps of the intervention. More observational, longitudinal studies are required to capture fluctuations in in-session engagement.
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42.
  • Arvidsson, Patrik, 1969- (författare)
  • Assessment of participation in people with a mild intellectual disability
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to explore an assessment of participation according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in people with a mild intellectual disability.Study I used secondary data and explored how participation can be assessed. Study II-IV explored participation empirically regarding 68 everyday activities from all nine life domains according to the ICF. Study II explored assessment of self-rated participation by investigating to what extent perceived ability, actual performance and perceived importance correlated. Study III-IV explored the contribution of perceived importance to an assessment of participation; study III by investigating frequencies of everyday activities regarding performance and importance separately as well as regarding combined measures of performance and perceived importance, and study IV by comparing proxy ratings with self-rated measures regarding ability and measures of participation. Study III also correlated measures of participation with a single-item measure of subjective general well-being and study II and IV investigated internal consistency in terms of Cronbach’s alpha. Study II and III included 55 and 69 individuals with intellectual disability respectively. Study IV included 40 individuals with intellectual disability and 40 proxy persons. The informants from the target group were partly the same.Study II and IV supported the suggestions from study I that participation should be assessed by self-ratings and study II found that this is an appropriate method also to people with a mild intellectual disability. Study III showed that participation is related to subjective well-being. Study III-IV found somewhat different results if measuring participation as performance solely or as a combination of performance and perceived importance. Overall, the results of the thesis suggest that performance solely might be sufficient to assess participation at a group level but in a clinical context, when the knowledge of a certain individual is of interest, the perceived aspect of involvement is necessary to include in an assessment of participation.
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43.
  • Arvidsson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • Content validity and usefulness of Picture My Participation for measuring participation in children with and without intellectual disability in South Africa and Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 27:5, s. 336-348
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Participation comprises attendance and involvement in everyday situations. Picture My Participation (PmP) is an instrument intended to measure participation in children with disabilities, particularly in low and middle income countries. Aim: To investigate content validity and usefulness of PmP for measuring participation in children with intellectual disability (ID) in South Africa and Sweden. Methods: A picture supported interview with 149 children, 6-18 years, with and without ID. Twenty everyday activities were provided. The three most important activities were selected by the child. Attendance was rated on all activities. Involvement was rated on the most important. Results: All activities were selected as important by at least one child with ID in both countries. There were similarities in perceived importance between the children with and without ID from South Africa. The children from South Africa with ID were the only subgroup that used all scale points for rating attendance and involvement. Conclusion: The 20 selected activities of PmP were especially relevant for children with ID in South Africa. The usefulness of the scales was higher for the children with ID in both countries. PmP is promising for assessing participation across different settings but psychometrical properties and clinical utility need further exploration.
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44.
  • Arvidsson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • Factors related to self-fated participation in adolescents and adults with mild intellectual disability - A systematic literature review
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: JARID. - : Wiley. - 1360-2322 .- 1468-3148. ; 21, s. 277-291
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Self-rated participation is a clinically relevant intervention outcome for people with mild intellectual disability. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse empirical studies that explored relationships between either environmental factors or individual characteristics and aspects of participation in young adults with mild intellectual disability. Method Four databases were used, 756 abstracts examined and 24 studies were evaluated in-depth. Results Four aspects of participation were found: involvement, perceptions of self, self-determination and psychological well-being. Reported environmental factors were: social support, choice opportunity, living conditions, school, work and leisure, attitudes, physical availability and society. Reported individual characteristics were adaptive and social skills. Conclusions There is a relative lack of studies of factors influencing self-rated participation and existing studies are difficult to compare because of disparity regarding approaches, conceptual frameworks, etc. For adequate interventions, it seems important to study how profiles of participation are influenced by different patterns of environmental factors and individual characteristics. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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45.
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46.
  • Arvidsson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • How are the activity and participation aspects of the ICF used? : Examples from studies of people with intellectual disability
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: NeuroRehabilitation (Reading, MA). - : IOS Press. - 1053-8135 .- 1878-6448. ; 36:1, s. 45-49
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Interdisciplinary differences regarding understanding the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) concepts activity/participation may hinder its unifying purpose. In the ICF model, functioning (and disability) is described as a tripartite concept: 1) Body structures/functions, 2) Activities, and 3) Participation. Activities refer to an individual perspective on disability that does not tally with the basic structure of social models. OBJECTIVE: To review how activity and participation are actually used in studies of intellectual disability (ID). CONCLUSION: Based on 16 papers, four different usages of activity/participation were found. 1) Theoretical reference to tripartite ICF concept with attempts to use it. 2) Theoretical reference to tripartite ICF concept without actual use of activities. 3) "Atheoretical" approach with implicit focus on participation. 4) Theoretical reference to bipartite concept with corresponding use of terms. The highlighted studies have in common a focus on participation. However, the usage of the term "activity" differs both within and between studies. Such terminology will probably confuse interdisciplinary communication rather than facilitating it. Also, the use of an explicit underlying theory differs, from references to a tripartite to references to a bipartite concept of disability. This paper is focused on ID, but the discussed principles regarding the ICF and interdisciplinary disability theory are applicable to other diagnostic groups within rehabilitation practices.
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47.
  • Arvidsson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • Important aspects of participation and participation restrictions in people with a mild intellectual disability
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Purpose This study explored a possibility to assess the concepts of participation and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by combining self-ratings of the perceived importance with the actual performance of different everyday activities in people with a mild intellectual disability.Method Structured interviews regarding 68 items from the ICF activity/participation domain were conducted (n=69). The items were ranked by perceived importance, performance and by combined measures. Also, the measures were related to a single question about subjective general well-being.Results Rankings of performance highlighted about the same items as ‘important participation’, while rankings of low performance addressed quite different items compared with ‘important participation restriction’. Significant correlations were found between subjective general well-being and: high performance (r=0.56), high performance/high importance (‘important participation’) (r=0.56), low performance (r=-0.56), and low performance/high importance (‘important participation restriction’ (r=-0.55).Conclusions The results support the clinical relevance of the ICF and the studied selection of 68 items. Although performance only may sometimes be a relevant aspect, knowledge about the relationship between the perceived importance and the actual performance is essential for clinical interventions and for research aiming to understand specific needs regarding participation.
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48.
  • Arvidsson, Patrik, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Important aspects of participation and participation restrictions in people with a mild intellectual disability
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 36:15, s. 1264-1272
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: This study explored a possibility to assess the concepts of participation and participation restrictions in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) by combining self-ratings of the perceived importance with the actual performance of different everyday activities in people with a mild intellectual disability.Method: Structured interviews regarding 68 items from the ICF activity/participation domain were conducted (n = 69). The items were ranked by perceived importance, performance and by combined measures. Furthermore, the measures were related to a single question about subjective general well-being.Results: Rankings of performance highlighted about the same items as "important participation", while rankings of low performance addressed quite different items compared with "important participation restriction". Significant correlations were found between subjective general well-being and high performance (r = 0.56), high performance/high importance (important participation) (r = 0.56), low performance (r = -0.56) and low performance/high importance (important participation restriction; r -0.55).Conclusions: The results support the clinical relevance of the ICF and the studied selection of 68 items. Although performance only may sometimes be a relevant aspect, knowledge about the relationship between the perceived importance and the actual performance is essential for clinical interventions and for research aiming to understand specific needs regarding participation.
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49.
  • Arvidsson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • International classification of functioning, disability and health categories explored for selfrated participation in swedish adolescents and adults with a mild intellectual disability
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - Uppsala, Sweden : Foundation Rehabilitation Information. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 44:7, s. 562-569
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To explore internal consistency and correlations between perceived ability, performance and perceived importance in a preliminary selection of self-reported items representing the activity/participation component of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).Design: Structured interview study. Subjects: Fifty-five Swedish adolescents and adults with a mild intellectual disability.Methods: Questions about perceived ability, performance and perceived importance were asked on the basis of a 3-grade Likert-scale regarding each of 68 items representing the 9 ICF domains of activity/participation.Results: Internal consistency for perceived ability (Cron-bach's alpha for all 68 items): 0.95 (values for each domain varied between 0.57 and 0.85), for performance: 0.86 (between 0.27 and 0.66), for perceived importance: 0.84 (between 0.27 and 0.68). Seventy-two percent of the items showed correlations >0.5 (mean =0.59) for performance vs perceived importance, 41% >0.5 (mean =0.47) for perceived ability vs performance and 12% >0.5 (mean =0.28) for perceived ability vs perceived importance.Conclusion: Measures of performance and perceived importance may have to be based primarily on their estimated clinical relevance for describing aspects of the ICF participation concept. With a clinimetric approach, parts of the studied items and domains may be used to investigate factors related to different patterns and levels of participation, and outcomes of rehabilitation.
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50.
  • Arvidsson, Patrik, et al. (författare)
  • Structural validity and internal consistency of Picture My Participation : A measure for children with disability
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: African Journal of Disability. - : OASIS. - 2226-7220 .- 2223-9170. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Picture My Participation (PMP) intended to measure participation, defined as attendance and involvement in everyday situations, of children with disabilities, particularly in low- and middle-income settings.Objectives: To explore structural validity of PMP by identifying possible subcomponents in the attendance scale and examining internal consistency of the total score and each subcomponent.Method: A picture-supported interview was conducted with 182 children, 7–18 years, with and without intellectual disability (ID). Frequency of attendance in 20 activities was rated on a four-point Likert scale (never, seldom, sometimes and always).Results: An exploratory principal component analysis extracted four subcomponents: (1) organised activities, (2) social activities and taking care of others, (3) family life activities and 4) personal care and development activities. Internal consistency for the total scale (alpha = 0.85) and the first two subcomponents (alpha = 0.72 and 0.75) was acceptable. The two last subcomponents alpha values were 0.57 and 0.49.Conclusion: The four possible subcomponents of PMP can be used to provide information about possible domains in which participation and participation restrictions exist. This study provided further psychometric evidence about PMP as a measure of participation. The stability and the utility of these subcomponents needed further exploration.
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