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| 3. |
- Broberg, Anders G, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Stöd till barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma - Resultat från en nationell utvärdering
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Barn som bevittnar våld mot en förälder som de är beroende av för sitt välbefinnande utsätts för en form av våld. Barn behöver – i synnerhet under den tidiga barndomen – föräldrar som prioriterar barnets behov framför sina egna. När barnets ena förälder – eller någon annan som bor med familjen – slår eller förgriper sig på den andra föräldern blir barnet känslomässigt övergivet och skyddslöst. Barn kan bevittna våld mot en primär omsorgsgivare under kortare eller längre peri-oder i sitt liv, men ofta innebär det ett liv begränsat av olika typer av makt, övergrepp och förtryck. Sådana upplevelser medför en ökad risk för att barnet utvecklar problem såsom posttraumatisk stress, depression, beteendeproblem och problem med sociala relationer – både inom familjen och med kamrater. Sedan 2007 är socialtjänstens ansvar, för att barn som bevittnat våld får det stöd och den hjälp de behöver, förtydligat i Socialtjänstlagen. Det viktigaste stödet för barn som bevittnat våld mot sin mamma är skydd från fortsatt utsatthet. Internationellt sett är den vanligaste formen av stöd till barn, utöver sådant skydd, samtal i grupp. Det finns dock stora skillnader mellan vilka mål programmen är tänkta att uppnå, vilket medför att utvärderingsstudier använder varierande mått för att bedöma vad som är ett ”lyckat utfall”. Detta försvårar i sin tur jämförelser av utvärde-ringar av dessa program. I Sverige är den vanligaste typen av insats fortfarande indivi-duella samtal, även om gruppverksamheter för barn har blivit vanligare de senaste 10 åren. Kunskapen om effekterna av de metoder som utvecklats inom och utom social-tjänsten för att stödja barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma är fortfarande begränsad internationellt och i Sverige är den i stort sett obefintlig. Göteborgs universitet fick 2008 i uppdrag av Socialstyrelsen att utvärdera effekten av insatser riktade till barn som bevittnat våld mot sin mamma. Syftet med utvärderingen var att studera förändringar i barns hälsa och välbefinnande efter stödinsatser, med ut-gångspunkt i mammors och barns beskrivningar.
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- Grip, Karin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence and the Reported Effects of Psychosocial Interventions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Violence and Victims. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 0886-6708 .- 1945-7073. ; 28:4, s. 635-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a repeated measures design posttraumatic stress (PTS), psychological and behavioral problems significantly decreased following intervention in children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV), with use of traditional group analyses. Analyses using the reliable change index (RCI), however, revealed that few children were improved or recovered, implying that interventions in common use should be evaluated for their significant impact on the individual level in addition to group level statistics. Positive changes in children's behavioral problems were related to the mother's improvement of their own mental health. Direct victimization by the perpetrator was not associated with treatment changes but with higher symptom levels at study entry. Amount of contact with the perpetrator was neither related to symptom load nor to changes following treatment.
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| 8. |
- Grip, Karin, 1973
(författare)
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Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Maternal harsh discipline, and the Mediating Impact of care-giving helplessness and parental control
- 2019
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Ingår i: Archives of psychology. - : Knowledge Enterprise Journals. - 2573-7899 .- 2573-7902. ; 3:1, s. 3-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study involved a sample of 142 mothers subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV). The study examined the relationship between trauma symptoms and frequency of harsh discipline and tested the indirect effects of perceived caregiving helplessness and parental control of children’s behavior on this relationship. Using the newly developed Caregiving Helplessness Questionnaire to measure caregiving helplessness we identified potential processes by which trauma symptoms may be associated with the frequency of harsh discipline. Taken together, perceived caregiving helplessness and lack of parental control of children’s behavior mediated the effect of trauma symptoms on harsh discipline. Both lack of perceived parental control and caregiving helplessness had specific indirect effects on the relationship between trauma symptoms and the frequency of harsh discipline.
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| 9. |
- Grip, Karin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal report on child outcome after a community-based program following intimate partner violence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 66:4, s. 239-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study examined the perceived effectiveness of a 15-week community-based program for 46 children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) and their mothers. Aims: The primary aims were to describe the children who entered one of the existing community-based programs in terms of behavioral problems and to evaluate the impact of the program on children's general behavioral functioning as assessed by their mothers. Results: Children's rated behavioral problems (SDQ) dropped following treatment; the effect size was in the medium range. The social impairment caused by the problems decreased as well. The effect regarding behavioral problems was not related to the degree of exposure to IPV or the mothers own changes in trauma symptoms following treatment. Results were analyzed as well at the individual level with the Reliable Change Index (RCI), which showed that the majority of children were unchanged following treatment. Conclusions: One implication from the study is the need for baseline screening and assessment. About half of the current sample had a clinical symptom picture indicating the need for specialized psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment. Furthermore, the reduction in behavioral problems was significant but many children still had high levels of behavioral problems after treatment, indicating a need of a more intense or a different type of intervention.
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| 10. |
- Grip, Karin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Quality of Life and Health Complaints in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of family Violence. - : Springer. - 0885-7482 .- 1573-2851. ; 29:6, s. 681-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children 9 to 13 years old exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) reported on their violence exposure, attachment to both parents, temperament (negative emotionality and emotion regulation), perceived quality of life, and health complaints. Half of the children perceived their quality of life as good and did not have recurrent health complaints. When controlling for socioeconomic status, health complaints were associated with higher IPV exposure and negative emotionality, whereas quality of life was associated with attachment security, higher capacity for emotion regulation, and lower negative emotionality. These results underscore the importance of increasing and supporting the capacity of children exposed to IPV to handle and express their emotions, as well as making school nurses and other primary care practitioners more attentive to IPV as a possible background factor in children's health complaints.
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| 11. |
- Grip, Karin, 1973
(författare)
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The Damage Done - Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence and their Mothers: Towards empirically based interventions in order to reduce negative health effects in children
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Title: The Damage Done, Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence and their Mothers - Towards empirically based interventions in order to reduce negative health effects in children. Author: Karin Grip Key words: Intimate partner violence (IPV), evaluation, clinical significance, children, mothers Distribution: University of Gothenburg, Dept.of psychology, Box 500, S-405 30 Gothenburg. ISBN: 978-91-628-8527-4 ISSN: 1101-718X ISRN: GU/PSYK/AVH--265-SE Electronic: http://hdl.handle.net/2077/30153 The data presented in this thesis comes from a national project evaluating the support available to children exposed to IPV and to their mothers, and from an earlier pilot project. Client-focused research is lacking in the evaluation of interventions for children exposed to IPV and their mothers. Hence, the primary aim of the three evaluation studies was to measure the clinical significance of the service provided. A related aim was to explore possible factors related to outcome effects. The majority of studies with children exposed to IPV have primarily focused on pathogenic reactions and children’s perceived quality of life and its possible associated factors were therefore another area of interest in the thesis. Paper I: Effects of a group-based intervention on psychological health and perceived parenting capacity among mothers exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV): A preliminary study. This study examined the self-rated mental health and perceived parenting capacity of mothers subjected to IPV after they attended 15-week group support program. At the group level of analysis mothers improved their mental health, but not their perceived parenting capacity following support. At the individual level of analysis (clinical significance), the treatment effects were more uncertain since many mothers with clinical levels of trauma and mental health symptoms were unchanged. Paper II: Maternal report on child outcome after a community-based program following intimate partner violence, evinced reduced behavioral problems in children after they and their children attended concurrent 15-week group support programs. The effects were not related to the amount of IPV exposure or the mothers’ changes in trauma symptoms following support. At the individual level of analysis the effects were more modest and point to the need to monitor treatment progress in order to detect those who are unchanged or even worsened during treatment. Paper III: Children exposed to IPV and the reported effects of psychosocial interventions. Using a repeated measures design post-traumatic stress, psychological and behavioral problems significantly decreased following intervention in children exposed to intimate partner violence, with use of traditional group analyses. Analyses using the Reliable Change Index, however, revealed that few children were improved or recovered. Positive changes in children’s behavioral problems were related to the mother’s improvement of their own mental health. Direct victimization by the perpetrator was not associated with treatment changes, but with higher symptom levels at study entry. Paper IV: Attachment, emotion regulation, and emotionality: health and quality of life in children exposed to intimate partner violence. Children evinced low attachment security to mothers and fathers, high levels of recurrent health complaints, and low quality of life. However, there was great variability among children. When controlled for socioeconomic status recurrent health complaints were associated with higher IPV exposure and negative emotionality, whereas quality of life was associated with attachment security, higher capacity for emotion regulation, and lower negative emotionality.
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| 12. |
- Grip, Karin, 1973
(författare)
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Våld och Trauma. Klientfokuserad utvärdering av behandling för våldsutsatta mammor och deras barn
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general purpose of this thesis was to evaluate a community-based treatment program targeted for mothers subjected to intimate partner violence (IPV) and their children. In an open study the treatment program was evaluated with a repeated measure design. With a patient focused approach the program was analyzed according to its statistical-, practical- and clinical significance. Study I included 42 mothers. At the start of treatment the mothers displayed trauma symptoms and psychiatric symptoms in the clinical range. Furthermore, the mothers had a low sense of coherence and the measure of parental locus of control indicated a high level of resignation concerning child issues. Results based on group means indicated that the mothers showed significantly reduced trauma and psychiatric symptoms and improved their sense of coherence after participating in the program. Surprisingly, no improvement regarding perceived parental locus of control was found. When the results were analyzed with the reliable change index (RCI) at the individual level the treatment gains were more uncertain. Far from the majority of mothers within the clinical symptom range were improved or recovered. Study II examined the mother´s perceived effectiveness of the group treatment for their 46 children (5-14 years old) exposed to IPV. Initially, about half of the children displayed behavioral problems in the clinical range and the majority of children showed posttraumatic stress symptoms. Children´s behavioral problems were reduced significantly following the program and the higher the mother´s initial trauma symptoms the greater were the reduction in child behavioral problems. However, results analyzed at the individual level presented a more complex picture. The majority of children did not show individual changes beyond chance levels on the outcome measure used. The conclusions drawn from the studies concerned the importance of monitoring the treatment progress for each individual and to report results at the group as well as the individual level.
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| 13. |
- Karlsson, Lars O., et al.
(författare)
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Cyclosporine does not reduce myocardial infarct size in a porcine ischemia-reperfusion model.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Sage Publications. - 1074-2484 .- 1940-4034. ; 15:2, s. 182-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been shown to protect against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in small animal models. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of CsA on myocardial I/R injury in a porcine model. Pigs were randomized between CsA (10mg/kg; n = 12) or placebo (n = 15) and anesthetized with either isoflurane (phase I) or pentobarbital (phase II). By catheterization, the left descending coronary artery was occluded for 45 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 2 hours. Hearts were stained to quantify area at risk (AAR) and infarct size (IS). Myocardial biopsies were obtained for terminal dUTP nick end labeling and immunoblot analysis of proapoptotic proteins (apoptosis-inducing factor [AIF], BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kd interacting protein 3 [BNIP-3], and active caspase-3). Cyclosporine A did not reduce IS/AAR compared with placebo (49% vs 41%, respectively; P = .21). Pigs anesthetized with isoflurane had lower IS/AAR than pigs anesthetized with pentobarbital (39% vs 51%, respectively; P = .03). This reduction in IS/AAR seemed to be attenuated by CsA. Apoptosis-inducing factor protein expression was higher after CsA administration than after placebo (P = .02). Thus, CsA did not protect against I/R injury in this porcine model. The data suggest a possible deleterious interaction of CsA and isoflurane.
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| 14. |
- Källström, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Thinking critically about cross-cultural implementation—Swedish social workers’ experiences of testing the Kids’ Club method for helping child and mother victims of intimate partner violence
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 22:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group There are calls for evidence-based methods for helping children to deal with experiences of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in many countries. Therefore, it has been commonplace to implement such methods from outside of their home country. The aim of this study is to examine Swedish social workers’ experiences of testing the American Kids’ Club method for child and mother victims of IPV. After having tested leading Kids’ Club groups, seventeen social workers at four different locations were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The results indicate that the social workers generally accepted the method. This was related both to some general features of the method and to their perceiving it as somewhat flexible. According to the social workers, the method needs some cultural adaptation to better suit the Swedish social services setting, otherwise it cannot be fully accepted. Finally, they thought that successful implementation depended on an organizational structure that enabled enough children to be referred to the programme as well as either high personal commitment or an organization that prioritized the method. Based on these results, we conclude that importing an American evidence-based group method to help children exposed to IPV to Sweden demands attention to issues of cultural adaption.
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| 15. |
- Strand, Jennifer, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Parenting and psychosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: The International Society for Psychological and Social Approaches to Psychosis, Rotterdam.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Parental psychosis poses a risk factor for a child’s well-being. Few studies have focused on the parents’ views of how their psychosis affects their parenting, and results for parenting ability in this group are contradictory. The present study aimed to explore how parents with psychosis experience the effect(s) of their illness on parenting. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 parents who attended outpatient clinics specializing in psychosis. Data related to the research aim were analyzed deductively according to the protection, reciprocity, control, guided learning, and group participation model of parenting. Data in each domain were subsequently coded inductively to form subthemes. Results show that all domains of parenting appear to be affected by psychosis. The parents specifically mentioned that depression, fatigue, and difficulty focusing because of hearing voices had negative impacts on their abilities to provide protection, reciprocity, and control. The parents also expressed difficulties in maintaining routines in the child’s everyday life. Furthermore, the theme “Unpredictable absences” crosses all domains and highlights the parents’ recurrent mental and physical absences from their children during psychotic episodes. The study provides insight into how different aspects of parenting may be affected by psychosis. We suggest that these effects on parenting need to be further explored and confirmed by research focusing on the child’s perspective and on observations of parent-child interaction.
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| 16. |
- Strand, Jennifer, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Parents’ Descriptions of How Their Psychosis Affects Parenting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Child and Family Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1062-1024 .- 1573-2843. ; 29, s. 620-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Parental psychosis poses a risk factor for a child’s well-being. Few studies have focused on the parents’ views of how their psychosis affects their parenting, and results for parenting ability in this group are contradictory. The present study aimed to explore how parents with psychosis experience the effect(s) of their illness on parenting.Methods. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 parents who attended outpatient clinics specializing in psychosis. The transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Data related to the research aim were analyzed deductively according to the protection, reciprocity, control, guided learning, and group participation model of parenting.Data in each domain were subsequently coded inductively to form subthemes. Results. Results show that all domains of parenting appear to be affected by psychosis. The parents specifically mentioned that depression, fatigue, and difficulty focusing because of hearing voices had negative impacts on their abilities to provide protection, reciprocity, and control. The parents also expressed difficulties in maintaining routines in the child’s everyday life. Furthermore, the theme“Unpredictable absences”crosses all domains and highlights the parents’ recurrent mental and physical absences from their children during psychotic episodes. Conclusions. The present study provides some insight into how different aspects of parenting may be affected by psychosis.We suggest that these effects on parenting need to be further explored and confirmed by research focusing on the child’s perspective and on observations of parent-child interaction
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| 18. |
- Wirehag Nordh, Emme-Lina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health in children of parents being treated by specialised psychiatric services
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One in ten children have a parent diagnosed with a mental illness by specialised psychiatric services. Severe parental mental illness is a well-established risk factor for children's mental health problems, making the identification and support of these children a public health concern. This study investigated the mental health and family context of children of parents diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder in this clinical setting. Methods: Parental reports on 87 children aged 8-17 years were analysed. The children's mental health was compared with that of a Swedish population-based sample. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate associations between child mental health and child gender, child age, parent symptoms and social status, family functioning, and perceived parental control. Furthermore, a cumulative risk index explored the effect of multiple risk factors on child mental health. Results: The children reportedly had significantly more mental health problems than did the population-based sample and about one-third had scores above the clinical cut-off. A significant multiple linear regression explained 49% of the variance in child mental health, with lower perceived parental control and younger child age being associated with more child mental health problems. With more reported risk factors, children reportedly had more mental health problems. Conclusions: The results underline the importance of identifying a patient's children and assessing multiple relevant risk factors in the child's life. Furthermore, the results indicate that the needs of younger children and of patients in their parenting role are important to address.
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| 19. |
- Wirehag Nordh, Emme-Lina, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Preventive interventions for children of parents with depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder : A quasi-experimental clinical trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 112:1, s. 132-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To investigate the effectiveness of preventive interventions for 8-17-year-old children of patients diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. Methods Sixty-two families including 89 children received either the more extensive Family Talk Intervention (FTI; n = 35), the brief Let's Talk about Children (LTC; n = 16), or Interventions as Usual (IAU; n = 38) in routine care in adult psychiatry. Parent-rated questionnaire data were collected at baseline, after 6 and 12 months. We used growth curve models to investigate the effect of intervention on child mental health problems (SDQ-P Total Difficulties) and perceived parental control of child behaviour (PLOC-PPC). Results Parents in the FTI and LTC groups, versus the IAU group, reported more favourable development in terms of preventing increase in child mental health problems with standardised intervention effects of d = -0.86 and -0.88 respectively, by study end, and reported improved perceived parental control, d = 1.08 and 0.71, respectively, by study end. No significant differences in effect were found when FTI and LTC were compared. Conclusions The results support continued use of FTI and LTC in adult psychiatry, and since LTC is a brief intervention, it might be useful as a minimum-level preventive intervention.
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