| 1. |
- Bigert, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction among professional drivers.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 14:3, s. 333-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Professional drivers are at an increased risk of myocardial infarction but the underlying causes for this increased risk are uncertain. METHODS: We identified all first events of myocardial infarction among men age 45-70 years in Stockholm County for 1992 and 1993. We selected controls randomly from the population. Response rates of 72% and 71% resulted in 1067 cases and 1482 controls, respectively. We obtained exposure information from questionnaires. We calculated odds ratios (ORs), with and without adjustment for socioeconomic status, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity at leisure time, overweight status, diabetes and hypertension. RESULTS: The crude OR among bus drivers was 2.14 (95% confidence interval = 1.34-3.41), among taxi drivers 1.88 (1.19-2.98) and among truck drivers 1.66 (1.22-2.26). Adjustment for potential confounders gave lower ORs: 1.49 (0.90-2.45), 1.34 (0.82-2.19) and 1.10 (0.79-1.53), respectively. Additional adjustment for job strain lowered the ORs only slightly. An exposure-response pattern (by duration of work) was found for bus and taxi drivers. CONCLUSIONS: The high risk among bus and taxi drivers was partly explained by unfavorable life-style factors and social factors. The work environment may contribute to their increased risk. Among truck drivers, individual risk factors seemed to explain most of the elevated risk.
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| 2. |
- Cheung, Louisa, et al.
(författare)
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Hormonal and nutritional regulation of alternative CD36 transcripts in rat liver : a role for growth hormone in alternative exon usage
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMC Molecular Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2199. ; 8:60, s. 12-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: CD36 is a multiligand receptor involved in various metabolic pathways, including cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids. Defect function or expression of CD36 can result in dyslipidemia or insulin resistance. We have previously shown that CD36 expression is female-predominant in rat liver. In the present study, hormonal and nutritional regulation of hepatic CD36 expression was examined in male and female rats. Since alternative transcription start sites have been described in murine and human Cd36, we investigated whether alternative CD36 transcripts are differentially regulated in rat liver during these conditions.Results: Sequence information of the rat Cd36 5'-UTR was extended, showing that the gene structure of Cd36 in rat is similar to that previously described in mouse with at least two alternative first exons. The rat Cd36 exon 1a promoter was sequenced and found to be highly similar to murine and human Cd36. We show that alternative first exon usage is involved in the female-predominant expression of CD36 in rat liver and during certain hormonal states that induce CD36 mRNA abundance. Estrogen treatment or continuous infusion of growth hormone (GH) in male rats induced CD36 expression preferentially through the exon 1a promoter. Old age was associated with increased CD36 expression in male rats, albeit without any preferential first exon usage. Intermittent GH treatment in old male rats reversed this effect. Mild starvation (12 hours without food) reduced CD36 expression in female liver, whereas its expression was increased in skeletal muscle.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study confirm and extend our previous observation that GH is an important regulator of hepatic CD36, and depending on the mode of treatment (continuous or intermittent) the gene might be either induced or repressed. We suggest that the effects of continuous GH secretion in females (which is stimulatory) and intermittent GH secretion in males (which is inhibitory) explains the sex-different expression of this gene. Furthermore, a female-specific repression of hepatic CD36 in response to food deprivation was found, which was in contrast to a stimulatory effect in skeletal muscle. This demonstrates a tissue-specific regulation of Cd36.
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| 3. |
- Chorell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy to postpartum transition of serum metabolites in women with gestational diabetes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 72, s. 27-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Gestational diabetes is commonly linked to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is a need to characterize metabolic changes associated with gestational diabetes in order to find novel biomarkers for T2DM. Objective. To find potential pathophysiological mechanisms and markers for progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to T2DM by studying the metabolic transition from pregnancy to postpartum. Design. The metabolic transition profile from pregnancy to postpartum was characterized in 56 women by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics; 11 women had gestational diabetes mellitus, 24 had normal glucose tolerance, and 21 were normoglycaemic but at increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Fasting serum samples collected during trimester 3 (gestational week 32 +/- 0.6) and postpartum (10.5 +/- 0.4 months) were compared in diagnosis-specific multivariate models (orthogonal partial least squares analysis). Clinical measurements (e.g., insulin, glucose, lipid levels) were compared and models of insulin sensitivity and resistance were calculated for the same time period. Results. Women with gestational diabetes had significantly increased postpartum levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and their circulating lipids did not return to normal levels after pregnancy. The increase in BCAAs occurred postpartum since the BCAAs did not differ during pregnancy, as compared to normoglycemic women. Conclusions. Postpartum levels of specific BCAAs, notably valine, are related to gestational diabetes during pregnancy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Degerman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling stem cell migration by Hidden Markov
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Swedish Symposium on Image Analysis, SSBA 2004. ; , s. 122-125
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Ekholm, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Full-scale aerobic granular sludge for municipal wastewater treatment – granule formation, microbial succession, and process performance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. - 2053-1419. ; :8, s. 3138-3154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) plants have gained growing interest and application due to their low energy demand, small footprint, and low operational costs. However, the fulfilment of strict discharge limits for nitrogen and phosphorus, vast seasonal temperature variations, and large peaks in influent flows may pose challenges to the implementation of AGS. Moreover, the knowledge about microbial community assembly and process performance under varying environmental conditions in full-scale reactors is still limited. In this study, the first implementation of the AGS process in the Nordic countries was assessed. In two full-scale AGS reactors with different seeding sludges, the start-up was associated with rapid changes in microbial community composition in both, but only successful granulation in one. As a consequence, the non-granulated reactor was eventually reseeded with biomass from the better granulated reactor. This resulted in a convergence of the microbial communities in the two reactors with the maintenance of stable sludge concentrations (6–8 g L−1) with large granules (50–80% with diameter >2 mm) and fast settling of biomass (SVI30/SVI10 of 0.9–1). Immigration from the influent wastewater was a minor factor affecting the microbial community once the granules had formed, while the seasonal variations in environmental factors were identified as important. Key guilds of AOB (Nitrosomonas), NOB (mainly Ca. Nitrotoga), PAOs (mainly Tetrasphaera), and GAOs (mainly Ca. Competibacter) varied considerably in abundance throughout the study period. After 15 months, stable organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal were attained with low effluent concentrations. During the start-up, the BOD7/N ratio, influent flow, and temperature were important factors influencing the performance of the AGS.
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| 6. |
- Ekholm, Jennifer, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Full-scale aerobic granular sludge for municipal wastewater treatment - granule formation, microbial succession, and process performance
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2053-1419 .- 2053-1400. ; 8:12, s. 3138-3154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) plants have gained growing interest and application due to their low energy demand, small footprint, and low operational costs. However, the fulfilment of strict discharge limits for nitrogen and phosphorus, vast seasonal temperature variations, and large peaks in influent flows may pose challenges to the implementation of AGS. Moreover, the knowledge about microbial community assembly and process performance under varying environmental conditions in full-scale reactors is still limited. In this study, the first implementation of the AGS process in the Nordic countries was assessed. In two full-scale AGS reactors with different seeding sludges, the start-up was associated with rapid changes in microbial community composition in both, but only successful granulation in one. As a consequence, the non-granulated reactor was eventually reseeded with biomass from the better granulated reactor. This resulted in a convergence of the microbial communities in the two reactors with the maintenance of stable sludge concentrations (6-8 g L-1) with large granules (50-80% with diameter >2 mm) and fast settling of biomass (SVI30/SVI10 of 0.9-1). Immigration from the influent wastewater was a minor factor affecting the microbial community once the granules had formed, while the seasonal variations in environmental factors were identified as important. Key guilds of AOB (Nitrosomonas), NOB (mainly Ca. Nitrotoga), PAOs (mainly Tetrasphaera), and GAOs (mainly Ca. Competibacter) varied considerably in abundance throughout the study period. After 15 months, stable organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal were attained with low effluent concentrations. During the start-up, the BOD7/N ratio, influent flow, and temperature were important factors influencing the performance of the AGS.
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| 7. |
- Gustavsson, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein in relation to BMI in pregnant women
- 2016
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381. ; 24:6, s. 1299-1304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveDuring pregnancy, metabolic interactions must be adapted, though neuroendocrine mechanisms for increased food intake are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein (AgRP) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in pregnant women with normal weight (NW) and pregnant women with overweight (OW) or obesity (OB). Placenta as a source for increased peripheral AgRP levels during pregnancy was also investigated. MethodsWomen were recruited at admission for elective cesarean section. Insulin, AgRP, and leptin were measured in serum and CSF from 30 NW, 25 OW, and 21 OB at term. Serum during pregnancy and placenta at term were collected for further AgRP analysis. ResultsImmunohistology showed placental production of AgRP and serum AgRP levels increased throughout pregnancy. CSF AgRP, leptin, and insulin levels were higher in OW and OB than NW. Serum leptin and insulin levels were higher and AgRP lower in OB than NW. ConclusionsHigh serum AgRP levels might protect from the suppressive effects of leptin during pregnancy. Pregnant women with OB and OW might further be protected from the suppressive effect of leptin by high CSF AgRP levels. Evidence was found, for the first time, of human placental AgRP production mirrored by levels in the circulation.
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| 8. |
- Gustavsson, Carolina
(författare)
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Sex-different control of hepatic metabolism in relation to insulin sensitivity
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The liver is a key metabolic organ. The liver has adapted to the different metabolic needs in men and women, and therefore responds in a sex-specific manner to various stimuli. Specific genes have recently been related to the development of hepatic insulin resistance (IR) and with our improved knowledge of sex-differences in fuel metabolism, it may be postulated that the liver has a crucial role in sex-dependent development of IR. To improve the prevention and treatment of hepatic IR, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind sex-differentiated hepatic metabolism is needed. The general aim of this thesis was to investigate if there is a relationship between sex-differences in hepatic fuel metabolism and development of IR. Sex-differences in hepatic fuel metabolism were characterized in healthy male and female rats (Paper I). Male rats showed higher ratios of insulin to glucagon levels, higher levels of hepatic glycogen, lower degree of hepatic AMPK phosphorylation, higher expression of hepatic gluconeogenic genes and higher hepatic glucose output, as compared to the females. Effects of short-term high-fat feeding on hepatic insulin sensitivity, gene expression, lipid metabolism and plasma lipids in healthy male rats were shown to depend on the lipid source (Paper II). Safflower oil-enriched diet increased hepatic β-oxidation, was beneficial in terms of circulating VLDL-TG, but led to reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. Cocoa butter-enriched diet did not affect plasma total TG levels, VLDL-TG or hepatic insulin sensitivity. However, effects observed on hepatic gene expression indicated that prolonged cocoa butter feeding might lead to increased lipid synthesis, and concomitant lipotoxicity, inflammation, and IR. The role of hepatic sex differences in metabolic pathways in the development of glucose intolerance and IR was investigated using Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (Paper III). It was shown that high-fat feeding in female ZDF rats lead to a more male-like hepatic phenotype, including reduced lipogenesis, increased FA oxidation and ROS production, while glucose intolerance and IR developed. Sex-differences in hepatic metabolic control were also observed at the level of hepatic metabolites (Paper I and III). Metabolite profiles generated from hepatic perfusates from healthy rats using 1NMR spectroscopy verified that male livers exported more glucose than females. Liver-derived lactate was also higher in males, and there was a trend towards higher levels of glycerol and glucogenic amino acids. Testosterone treatment in male ZDF rats reduced hepatic fat content but increased blood glucose levels, reduced glucose tolerance and increased circulating levels of TG-rich VLDL particles (Paper IV). Surprisingly, testosterone reduced STAT3 activity, a key mediator of leptin actions in liver and essential for hepatic insulin sensitivity. Taken together, these findings suggest that the hepatic functions of female rats might contribute to a lower risk of developing lipid-induced oxidative stress and hepatic IR. Observations of key metabolic transcripts suggest that the capacity of females to retain lipogenesis and the secretion of VLDL-TG might be related to this. We speculate that this together with higher rates of FA oxidation and glucose production in males, might at least partly explain why males are more prone to develop insulin resistance, T2D and the metabolic syndrome.
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| 9. |
- Gustavsson, David J.I., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term stability of partial nitritation-anammox for treatment of municipal wastewater in a moving bed biofilm reactor pilot system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Nitrogen removal from the mainstream of municipal wastewater with partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) would be highly beneficial with regard to the uses of energy and organic carbon. However, the challenges of process instability, low nitrogen removal rates (NRR) and unwanted aerobic nitrite oxidation need to be solved to reach large-scale implementation. Here, we have operated pilot-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) for mainstream treatment, together with sidestream treatment of sludge liquor from anaerobic digestors, for over 900 days to investigate process stability, reactor performance and microbial community structure at realistic conditions. The MBBR biofilm contained stable and high relative abundances of anammox bacteria (10–32%) consisting of two major Brocadia sp. populations, and several populations of aerobic ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) within Nitrosomonas sp. (0.2–3.1%), as assessed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. In addition, nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB) consisting of Nitrospira sp. (0.4–0.8%) and Nitrotoga sp. (up to 0.4%) were present. Nitrogen was removed at a peak rate of 0.66 g N m−2 d−1 (0.13 kg N m−3 d−1) with a nitrate production over ammonium consumption of 15% by the NOB, at operation with continuous aeration at 15 °C. However, during most periods with continuous aeration, the NRR was lower (≈ 0.45 g N m−2 d−1), with larger relative nitrate production (≈40%), presumably due to problems to maintain stable residual ammonium concentrations during wet-weather mainstream flows. Changing reactor operation to intermittent aeration decreased the NRR but did not help in suppressing the NOB. The study shows that with MBBRs, stable mainstream PNA can be attained at realistic NRR, but with need for post-treatment of nitrate, since effective NOB suppression was hard to achieve.
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| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Johanna, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Impact-Absorbing Flooring in Residential Care from the Perspectives of Enrolled Nurses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Housing for the Elderly. - : Routledge. - 0276-3893 .- 1540-353X. ; 31:4, s. 367-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Falls are a daily occurrence in nursing homes and few interventions for reducing fall-related injuries have proven to be effective. Impact absorbing flooring (IAF) in residential care has shown promising results in reducing fail-injuries and in the process of developing and implementing IAF all aspects are valuable to explore. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative study is to describe the enrolled nurses (ENs) experiences of IAF. We carried out focus group interviews with ENs and used content analysis to process the data. The ENs experienced both negative and positive aspects with the IAF. Importantly, the ENs perceived the IAF as effective in preventing fall-injuries. They also appreciated the improvements in acoustics. Negative aspects were that the flooring initially was challenging to walk on and that it made it harder to maneuver heavy equipment. A significant and transferable finding in this study was the importance of the ENs' perceived difficulty in preventing fall-injuries amongst elderly people living in nursing homes. This seemed to be a driving force to accept the intervention. Although IAF affects the working conditions in a nursing home, ENs are willing to accept these issues given the perceived effectiveness of the intervention.
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| 11. |
- Gustavsson, Johanna, 1972-
(författare)
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Effekter av stötdämpande golv som fallskadepreventiv åtgärd för äldre på särskilt boende
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fallskador är den vanligaste orsaken till skada i alla åldrar men är en skadetyp som blir vanligare ju äldre personen blir. Av de som läggs in på sjukhus för en skada till följd av ett fall är cirka 70 % över 65 år. Förutom det lidande som en fallskada utgör för den som drabbas finns också en utmaning kopplad till den pågående demografiska förskjutningen mot en allt äldre befolkning, vilket gör att omfattningen av problemet förutspås öka.Stötdämpande golv är en relativt ny intervention, framtagen i syfte att minska risken för fallskador bland äldre. Behovet av ett dämpande golv för att förebygga fallskador bland äldre personer på särskilda boenden bottnar i problemets stora omfattning och det faktum att det visat sig vara synnerligen svårt att förhindra fallskador i denna population. Principen att använda stötdämpande material för skademinskning har dock använts inom många områden, både länge och framgångsrikt. Genom att lägga ett dämpande material mellan kroppen och den yta som kroppen riskerar att stöta samman med minskar risken för skada.Utformning, testning och implementering av stötdämpande golv i vårdmiljöer har på senare år tagit fart, men studier i klinisk miljö är fortfarande få. Även om interventionen är teoretiskt välgrundad går det inte att fullt ut veta vilka effekter den kommer att få innan den testas i sin tänkta kontext. När det gäller stötdämpande golv finns en farhåga om att det skulle påverka balansen och på så sätt öka risken för fall. Andra aspekter är funktionen utifrån ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv och inte minst som en del av boendemiljön för de äldre. Därför är syftet med denna avhandling att undersöka den fallskadepreventiva effekten för äldre av ett stötdämpande golv på särskilt boende. Vidar undersöks också den befarade effekten på fallrisk samt eventuell effekten på arbetsmiljön för personalen och boendemiljön för de äldre.Resultaten i denna avhandling visar att stötdämpande golv har potentialen att minska risken för fallskador bland äldre på särskilt boende, en population där det hittills varit svårt att finna och implementera effektiva åtgärder. När det gäller den befarade oönskad bieffekt att golvet skulle leda till ökad fallrisk så tyder resultaten inte på någon sådan effekt, även om risken inte helt kan uteslutas.Undersköterskorna som arbetar på boendet upplever att golvet avdramatiserat fallen och att ljudnivån dämpats, aspekter de uppfattar som positiva. De upplever också att vissa utmaningar är förknippade med golvet. Främst att det tog tid att vänja sig vid att gå på det dämpande golvet och att tunga hjälpmedel (exempelvis lyftar) blev svårare att flytta. Resultaten tyder på att stötdämpande golv kan vara en framkomlig väg för fallskadeprevention riktat mot en äldre och skör population. Undersköterskorna var positiva till interventionen som påverkade deras arbetsmiljö på flera sätt, en aspekt som behöver undersökas vidare.Ett antal oväntade bieffekter uppstod som ett resultat av golvet. Från ett positivt perspektiv påverkade det dämpande golvet ljudbilden till det bättre, en faktor som underlättade implementeringen och acceptansen. Samtidigt identifierades problem som behöver lösas. Den ökade fysiska arbetsbelastning som personalen upplevde när de gick på det dämpande golvet samt det ökade rullmotståndet vid hantering av hjälpmedel behöver studeras vidare. Likaså behöver framtida utvecklingen av stötdämpande golv ta hänsyn till de unika förutsättningar som finns inom hälso- och sjukvården med avseende på slitage, hjälpmedel och hygien. I detta arbete behöver det etableras vilka dämpande egenskaper ett golv bör ha för att uppnå en optimal skademinskning i relation till annan funktionalitet.Att personalen upplever sig handfallna inför problemet med fall och fallskador, samt att de äldre är tämligen ointresserade av aktiva interventioner förstärker uppfattning om att stötdämpande golv kan ha stor potential. Framtiden får utvisa om dessa problem kan finna en lösning och om stötdämpande golv implementeras i stor skala och därmed bidra till att minska omfattningen av fallskador bland sköra äldre.
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| 12. |
- Gustavsson, Johanna, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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There is more to Life than Risk Avoidance : Elderly Peoples Perspectives of Falls and Compliant Flooring
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 13:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Falls are the most common cause of injury in all ages and are especiallydifficult to prevent among residential care residents. Compliant flooring has beenproposed as a measure to prevent fall-injury, however little is known regarding theimplementation aspects in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore thefrail elderly person's view on falls, the risk of fall-injury, prevention in general andspecifically compliant flooring as an injury preventative measure. Methods. In this qualitative study, we used the grounded theory method and conductedin depths interviews with eight elderly people in residential care.Results. The identified categories were Falling as a part of life, Fearing theconsequences and A wish to prevent falls and injuries. Through the results is was clearthat There is more to life than risk avoidance, permeated the interviews, thereforeforming the grounded theory. The interviewees viewed falls as something common andnormal, and were uninterested in focusing on the risk of falls. Although they wanted toprevent falls, it was often difficult to integrate preventative measures into their everydaylife. They embraced the idea of an injury reducing compliant flooring, but their maininterests lie elsewhere.Conclusions. The results in this paper propose explanations on the obstacles ofimplementing fall prevention measures in an elderly frail population. The findings cangive us insights as to why interest, compliance for active fall prevention measures arelow, and on various factors that have to be taken under consideration in the process ofconstructing prevention. Compliant flooring is a passive fall injury prevention measurethat does not require the target group to make active decisions, adapt or activelyparticipate in the program. Therefore, we conclude that complaint flooring, from theperspective of the residents, can work well in residential care.
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| 13. |
- Hall, Ulrika Andersson, et al.
(författare)
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Higher Concentrations of BCAAs and 3-HIB Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in the Transition from Gestational Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Diabetes Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2314-6745 .- 2314-6753.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. Determine the metabolic profile and identify risk factors of women transitioning from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. 237 women diagnosed with GDM underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometrics assessment, and completed lifestyle questionnaires six years after pregnancy. Blood was analysed for clinical variables (e.g., insulin, glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and lipid levels) and NMR metabolomics. Based on the OGTT, women were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. Results. Six years after GDM, 19% of subjects had T2DM and 19% IGT. After BMI adjustment, the IGT group had lower HDL, higher leptin, and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and the T2DM group higher triglyceride, FFA, and C-reactive protein levels than the NGT group. IGT and T2DM groups reported lower physical activity. NMR measurements revealed that levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the valine metabolite 3-hydroxyisobyturate were higher in T2DM and IGT groups and correlated with measures of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Conclusion. In addition to well-known clinical risk factors, BCAAs and 3-hydroxyisobyturate are potential markers to be evaluated as predictors of metabolic risk after pregnancy complicated by GDM.
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| 14. |
- Hall, Ulrika Andersson, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus affect body composition through infancy: the PONCH study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 85:3, s. 369-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To determine how maternal obesity or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affect infant body size and body composition during the first year of life. METHODS: Eighty three normal-weight (NW) women, 26 obese (OB) women, and 26 women with GDM were recruited during pregnancy. Infant body composition was determined by air-displacement plethysmography at 1 and 12 weeks, and anthropometric measurements made until 1 year of age. RESULTS: Girl infants born to OB women and women with GDM had a higher body-fat percentage (BF%) at 1 and 12 weeks of age than girls born to NW women. Girls had higher BF% than boys in OB and GDM groups only. Maternal HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose correlated with girl infant BF% at 1 week of age. Maternal weight at start of pregnancy correlated with birthweight in NW and OB groups, but not the GDM group. OB group infants showed greater BMI increases from 1 week to 1 year than both NW and GDM group infants. CONCLUSION: Results show that both maternal glycaemia and obesity are determinants of increased early life adiposity, especially in girls, with glycaemic levels being more influential than maternal weight for infants born to women with GDM.
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| 15. |
- Ilar, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction and occupational exposure to motor exhaust : a population-based case-control study in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 29:7, s. 517-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a well-established association between particulate urban air pollution and cardiovascular disease, but few studies have investigated the risk associated with occupational exposure to particles from motor exhaust. This study investigated the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) after occupational exposure to motor exhaust, using elemental carbon (EC) as a marker of exposure. A population-based case-control study of first-time non-lethal MI was conducted among Swedish citizens in ages 45-70 living in Stockholm County 1992-1994, including 1,643 cases and 2,235 controls. Working histories and data on potential confounders were collected by questionnaire and medical examination. The exposure to EC was assessed through a job-exposure matrix. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. We investigated various exposure metrics: intensity, cumulative exposure and years since exposure. There was an exposure-response relation between the highest average exposure intensity during the work history and the risk of MI when adjusting for smoking and alcohol drinking (p for trend 0.034), with an OR of 1.30 (95 % CI 0.99-1.71) in the highest tertile of exposure compared to the unexposed. An exposure-response pattern was observed in the analysis of years since exposure cessation among formerly exposed. Additional adjustments for markers of the metabolic syndrome reduced ORs and trends to non-significant levels, although this might be an over-adjustment since the metabolic syndrome may be part of the causal pathway. Occupational exposure to motor exhaust was associated with a moderately increased risk of MI.
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| 16. |
- Modin, Oskar, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A relationship between phages and organic carbon in wastewater treatment plant effluents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Water Research X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-9147. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With stringent effluent requirements and the implementation of new processes for micropollutant removal, it is increasingly important for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to understand the factors affecting effluent quality. Phages (viruses infecting prokaryotes) are abundant in the biological treatment processes. They can contribute to organic carbon in the treated effluent both because they are organic in nature and occur in the effluent and because they cause lysis of microorganisms. Today very little is known about the effects of phages on effluent quality. The goal of this study was, therefore, to determine the relationship between phages and organic carbon in WWTP effluents. We also examined the diversity, taxonomy, and host-association of DNA phages using metagenomics. Effluent samples were collected from four WWTPs treating municipal wastewater. Significant differences in both organic carbon and virus-like particle concentrations were observed between the plants and there was a linear relationship between the two parameters. The phage communities were diverse with many members being taxonomically unclassified. Putative hosts were dominated by bacteria known to be abundant in activated sludge systems such as Comamonadaceae. The composition of phages differed between the WWTPs, suggesting that local conditions shape the communities. Overall, our findings suggest that the abundance and composition of phages are related to effluent quality. Thus, there is a need for further research clarifying the association between phage dynamics and WWTP function.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Runow Stark, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Brush Biopsy For HR-HPV Detection With FTA Card And AI For Cytology Analysis - A Viable Non-invasive Alternative
- 2018
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Ingår i: EAOM2018.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Oral cancer accounts for about 800-1,000 new cases each year in Sweden and the ratio of cancer related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is increasing in the younger population due to changes in sexual habits. The most two frequent HR-HPV types 16 and 18 have both significant oncogenic potential.Objectives: In this pilot study we evaluate two non-invasive automated methods; 1) detection of HR-HPV using FTA cards, and 2) image scanning of cytology for detection of premalignant lesions as well as eradicate the early stage of neoplasia.Material and Methods: 160 patients with verified HR-HPV oropharyngeal cancer, previous ano-genital HR-HPV-infection or potentially malignant oral disorder were recruited for non-invasive brush sampling and analyzed with two validated automated methods both used in cervix cancer screening. For analysis of HR-HPV DNA the indicating FTA elute micro cardTM were used for dry collection, transportation and storage of the brush samples. For analysis of cell morphology changes an automated liquid base Cytology method (Preserve Cyt) combined with deep learning computer aided technique was used.Results: Preliminary results show that the FTA-method is reliable and indicates that healthy and malignant brush samples can be separated by image analysis. Conclusions: With further development of these fully automated methods, it is possible to implement a National Screening Program of the oral mucosa, and thereby select patients for further investigation in order to find lesions with potential malignancy in an early stage.
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| 19. |
- Suarez, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Disturbance-based management of ecosystem services and disservices in partial nitritation-anammox biofilms
- 2022
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Ingår i: npj Biofilms and Microbiomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5008. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resistance and resilience provided by functional redundancy, a common feature of microbial communities, is not always advantageous. An example is nitrite oxidation in partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) reactors designed for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, where suppression of nitrite oxidizers like Nitrospira is sought. In these ecosystems, biofilms provide microhabitats with oxygen gradients, allowing the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. We designed a disturbance experiment where PNA biofilms, treating water from a high-rate activated sludge process, were constantly or intermittently exposed to anaerobic sidestream wastewater, which has been proposed to inhibit nitrite oxidizers. With increasing sidestream exposure we observed decreased abundance, alpha-diversity, functional versatility, and hence functional redundancy, among Nitrospira in the PNA biofilms, while the opposite patterns were observed for anammox bacteria within Brocadia. At the same time, species turnover was observed for aerobic ammonia-oxidizing Nitrosomonas populations. The different exposure regimens were associated with metagenomic assembled genomes of Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira, and Brocadia, encoding genes related to N-cycling, substrate usage, and osmotic stress response, possibly explaining the three different patterns by niche differentiation. These findings imply that disturbances can be used to manage the functional redundancy of biofilm microbiomes in a desirable direction, which should be considered when designing operational strategies for wastewater treatment.
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| 20. |
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