| 1. |
- de Jong, R. S., et al.
(author)
-
4MOST : Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals
- 2019
-
In: The Messenger. - : European Southern Observatory. - 0722-6691. ; 175, s. 3-11
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We introduce the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metre-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal. Its key specifications are: a large field of view (FoV) of 4.2 square degrees and a high multiplex capability, with 1624 fibres feeding two low-resolution spectrographs (R = λ/Δλ ~ 6500), and 812 fibres transferring light to the high-resolution spectrograph (R ~ 20 000). After a description of the instrument and its expected performance, a short overview is given of its operational scheme and planned 4MOST Consortium science; these aspects are covered in more detail in other articles in this edition of The Messenger. Finally, the processes, schedules, and policies concerning the selection of ESO Community Surveys are presented, commencing with a singular opportunity to submit Letters of Intent for Public Surveys during the first five years of 4MOST operations.
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| 2. |
- Hartman, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
First storage of ion beams in the Double Electrostatic Ion-Ring Experiment : DESIREE
- 2013
-
In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 84:5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the first storage of ion beams in the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE, at Stockholm University. We have produced beams of atomic carbon anions and small carbon anion molecules (Cn-, n = 1, 2, 3, 4) in a sputter ion source. The ion beams were accelerated to 10 keV kinetic energy and stored in an electrostatic ion storage ring enclosed in a vacuum chamber at 13 K. For 10 keV C2- molecular anions we measure the residual-gas limited beam storage lifetime to be 448 s +/- 18 s with two independent detector systems. Using the measured storage lifetimes we estimate that the residual gas pressure is in the 10-14 mbar range. When high current ion beams are injected, the number of stored particles does not follow a single exponential decay law as would be expected for stored particles lost solely due to electron detachment in collision with the residual-gas. Instead, we observe a faster initial decay rate, which we ascribe to the effect of the space charge of the ion beam on the storage capacity.
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| 3. |
- Hartman, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Negative ion relaxation and reactions in a cryogenic storage ring
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol 1412. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An overview of recent experimental results of studies of negative atomic and molecular ions in the Double ElectroStatic Ion-Ring ExpEriment, DESIREE is given. Metastable level lifetimes in atomic negative ions have been measured by time-dependent laser photodetachment. Rotational relaxation of diatomic anions is studied by near-threshold photodetachment. Spontaneous decays of small metal cluster anions by electron emission and fragmentation is studied with decay-channel specificity. Finally, mutual neutralisation of pairs of negative and positive ions has been investigated with initial and final state selectivity.
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| 4. |
- Jönsson, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra I. O, Mg, Ca, and Ti in the solar neighborhood and Kepler field samples
- 2017
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP SCIENCES S A. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 598
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. The Galactic bulge is an intriguing and significant part of our Galaxy, but it is hard to observe because it is both distant and covered by dust in the disk. Therefore, there are not many high-resolution optical spectra of bulge stars with large wavelength coverage, whose determined abundances can be compared with nearby, similarly analyzed stellar samples. Aims. We aim to determine the diagnostically important alpha elements of a sample of bulge giants using high-resolution optical spectra with large wavelength coverage. The abundances found are compared to similarly derived abundances from similar spectra of similar stars in the local thin and thick disks. In this first paper we focus on the solar neighborhood reference sample. Methods. We used spectral synthesis to derive the stellar parameters as well as the elemental abundances of both the local and bulge samples of giants. We took special care to benchmark our method of determining stellar parameters against independent measurements of effective temperatures from angular diameter measurements and surface gravities from asteroseismology. Results. In this first paper we present the method used to determine the stellar parameters and elemental abundances, evaluate them, and present the results for our local disk sample of 291 giants. Conclusions. When comparing our determined spectroscopic temperatures to those derived from angular diameter measurements, we reproduce these with a systematic difference of + 10 K and a standard deviation of 53 K. The spectroscopic gravities reproduce those determined from asteroseismology with a systematic off set of + 0.10 dex and a standard deviation of 0.12 dex. When it comes to the abundance trends, our sample of local disk giants closely follows trends found in other works analyzing solar neighborhood dwarfs, showing that the much brighter giant stars are as good abundance probes as the often used dwarfs.
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| 5. |
- Thorsbro, B., et al.
(author)
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Evidence against Anomalous Compositions for Giants in the Galactic Nuclear Star Cluster
- 2018
-
In: Astrophysical Journal. - : Bibliopolis, Edizioni di Filosofia e Scienze. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 866:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Very strong Sc I lines have recently been found in cool M giants in the Nuclear Star Cluster (NSC) in the Galactic center. Interpreting these as anomalously high scandium abundances in the Galactic center would imply a unique enhancement signature and chemical evolution history for NSCs, and a potential test for models of chemical enrichment in these objects. We present high resolution K-band spectra (NIRSPEC/Keck II) of cool M giants situated in the solar neighborhood and compare them with spectra of M giants in the NSC. We clearly identify strong Sc I lines in our solar neighborhood sample as well as in the NSC sample. The strong Sc I lines in M giants are therefore not unique to stars in the NSC and we argue that the strong lines are a property of the line formation process that currently escapes accurate theoretical modeling. We further conclude that for giant stars with effective temperatures below approximately 3800 K these Sc I lines should not be used for deriving the scandium abundances in any astrophysical environment until we better understand how these lines are formed. We also discuss the lines of vanadium, titanium, and yttrium identified in the spectra, which demonstrate a similar striking increase in strength below 3500 K effective temperature.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Abdulla, Aree, et al.
(author)
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Platelets regulate P-selectin expression and leukocyte rolling in inflamed venules of the pancreas
- 2012
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In: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0712 .- 0014-2999. ; 682:1-3, s. 153-160
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent data suggest that platelets regulate inflammatory changes and tissue damage in acute pancreatitis although the role of platelets in leukocyte-endothelium interactions in the pancreatic microcirculation is not known. The aim of this study was to define the impact of platelets on leukocyte rolling and adhesion in acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by caerulein challenge. Mice were treated with an a anti-GP1b alpha (CD42b) antibody, which depletes platelets, or a control antibody before caerulein. Leukocyte rolling and adhesion were determined by the use of intravital fluorescence microscopy 18 h after the last dose of caerulein. In separate experiments, leukocyte-endothelium interactions were determined before and after administration of an anti-P-selectin, anti-PSGL-1 and a control antibody in mice with caerulein pancreatitis. Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates and pancreatic P-selectin mRNA were quantified 1 and 6 h respectively after caerulein challenge. Caerulein administration increased leukocyte and platelet interactions in the pancreatic microvasculature, increased tissue damage and expression of P-selectin mRNA in the pancreas as well as platelet-neutrophil complexes in the circulation. Notably, platelet depletion markedly reduced caerulein-provoked leukocyte rolling and adhesion in postcapillary venules. Interestingly, depletion of platelets significantly decreased caerulein-induced gene expression of P-selectin in the pancreas. Moreover, immunoneutralization of P-selectin and PSGL-1 abolished leukocyte rolling in the pancreatic venules triggered by caerulein. Our novel findings demonstrate that platelets regulate leukocyte rolling in acute pancreatitis via induction of P-selectin, which was critical in supporting leukocyte rolling in inflamed venules of the pancreas. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Abdulla, Aree, et al.
(author)
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Role of platelets in experimental acute pancreatitis.
- 2011
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In: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 98, s. 93-103
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: Platelets not only control thrombosis and haemostasis but may also regulate inflammatory processes. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by changes in both coagulation and proinflammatory activities. The role of platelets in AP is not yet known. METHODS:: AP was induced in C57BL/6 mice by repeated caerulein administration (50 µg/kg intraperitoneally). Mice received a platelet-depleting or control antibody before caerulein challenge. Neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 2 levels, acinar cell necrosis and haemorrhage in the pancreas, as well as serum amylase activity, were determined 24 h after caerulein injection. In an alternative model of pancreatitis, L-arginine (4 g/kg intraperitoneally) was given twice with an interval of 1 h and tissue samples were taken after 72 h [Correction added after online publication 29 September 2010: in the preceding sentence, 4 mg/kg was corrected to 4 g/kg]. RESULTS:: Caerulein administration increased acinar cell necrosis, neutrophil infiltration, focal haemorrhage and serum amylase levels. Platelet depletion reduced acinar cell necrosis, haemorrhage and serum amylase levels in AP. Depletion of platelets decreased caerulein-induced MPO levels and neutrophil recruitment in the pancreas. Platelet depletion abolished caerulein-induced MIP-2 generation in the pancreas and circulation. The effects of platelet depletion on necrosis, neutrophils and MPO levels were confirmed in L-arginine-induced pancreatitis. CONCLUSION:: Platelets play a crucial role in AP by regulating neutrophil infiltration, most likely mediated by MIP-2 production in the pancreas. Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Alhuseinalkhudhur, Ali, et al.
(author)
-
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Targeting [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT Predicts Early Metabolic Response in Metastatic Breast Cancer.
- 2023
-
In: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667. ; 64:9, s. 1364-1370
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Imaging using the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-binding tracer 68Ga-labeled ZHER2:2891-Cys-MMA-DOTA ([68Ga]Ga-ABY-025) was shown to reflect HER2 status determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This single-center open-label phase II study investigated how [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 uptake corresponds to biopsy results and early treatment response in both primary breast cancer (PBC) planned for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and MBC. Methods: Forty patients with known positive HER2 status were included: 19 with PBC and 21 with MBC (median, 3 previous treatments). [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT, [18F]F-FDG PET/CT, and core-needle biopsies from targeted lesions were performed at baseline. [18F]F-FDG PET/CT was repeated after 2 cycles of therapy to calculate the directional change in tumor lesion glycolysis (Δ-TLG). The largest lesions (up to 5) were evaluated in all 3 scans per patient. SUVs from [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT were compared with the biopsied HER2 status and Δ-TLG by receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results: Trial biopsies were HER2-positive in 31 patients, HER2-negative in 6 patients, and borderline HER2-positive in 3 patients. The [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT cutoff SUVmax of 6.0 predicted a Δ-TLG lower than -25% with 86% sensitivity and 67% specificity in soft-tissue lesions (area under the curve, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.67-0.82]; P = 0.01). Compared with the HER2 status, this cutoff resulted in clinically relevant discordant findings in 12 of 40 patients. Metabolic response (Δ-TLG) was more pronounced in PBC (-71% [95% CI, -58% to -83%]; P < 0.0001) than in MBC (-27% [95% CI, -16% to -38%]; P < 0.0001), but [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 SUVmax was similar in both with a mean SUVmax of 9.8 (95% CI, 6.3-13.3) and 13.9 (95% CI, 10.5-17.2), respectively (P = 0.10). In multivariate analysis, global Δ-TLG was positively associated with the number of previous treatments (P = 0.0004) and negatively associated with [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT SUVmax (P = 0.018) but not with HER2 status (P = 0.09). Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT predicted early metabolic response to HER2-targeted therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. Metabolic response was attenuated in recurrent disease. [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 PET/CT appears to provide an estimate of the HER2 expression required to induce tumor metabolic remission by targeted therapies and might be useful as an adjunct diagnostic tool.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Anneli, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and smoking habits in pregnant women
- 2020
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 15:6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with an increased risk of tobacco smoking, and more difficulties with smoking cessation compared to non-ADHD individuals. Women with ADHD may therefore show elevated rates of smoking during pregnancy.Aims: To examine the association between ADHD and smoking habits among pregnant women in Sweden and Norway.Methods: Women pregnant for the first time were identified in Sweden (n = 622,037), and Norway (n = 293,383), of which 1.2% (n = 7,444), and 1.7% (n = 4,951) were defined as having ADHD, respectively. Data on smoking habits were collected early and late in pregnancy.Results: In Sweden, ADHD was associated with an increased risk of smoking early in pregnancy, adjusted risk ratio (adjRR) 2.69 (95% confidence interval, 2.58-2.81), and late in pregnancy, adjRR 2.95 (2.80-3.10). Similar findings were observed in the Norwegian data, early in pregnancy, adjRR 2.31 (2.21-2.40), and late in pregnancy, adjRR 2.56 (2.42-2.70). Women with ADHD were more likely to continue smoking during pregnancy, compared to women without ADHD, both in Sweden adjRR 1.13 (1.10-1.17), and in Norway, adjRR 1.16 (1.12-1.20). Having a sibling diagnosed with ADHD was associated with an increased risk of smoking early and late in pregnancy, in both Sweden and Norway.Conclusions: Women with ADHD are considerably more likely to smoke early and late in (their first) pregnancy and are less likely to stop smoking between the two time points. Smoking, early and late in pregnancy, co-aggregates in families with ADHD. Smoking prevention and intervention programs should be targeted towards women with ADHD, specifically during their childbearing years, to ensure better mother and child outcomes.
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| 11. |
- Atalay, B., et al.
(author)
-
MCDHF and RCI calculations of energy levels, lifetimes, and transition rates in Si III and Si IV
- 2019
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 631
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present extensive multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration interaction calculations including 106 states in doubly ionized silicon (Si III) and 45 states in triply ionized silicon (Si IV), which are important for astrophysical determination of plasma properties in different objects. These calculations represents an important extension and improvement of earlier calculations especially for Si III. The calculations are in good agreement with available experiments for excitation energies, transition properties, and lifetimes. Important deviations from the NIST-database for a selection of perturbed Rydberg series are discussed in detail.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Awla, Darbaz, et al.
(author)
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Rho-kinase signalling regulates trypsinogen activation and tissue damage in severe acute pancreatitis.
- 2011
-
In: British Journal of Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1476-5381 .- 0007-1188. ; 162, s. 648-658
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterized by trypsinogen activation, infiltration of leucocytes and tissue necrosis but the intracellular signalling mechanisms regulating organ injury in the pancreas remain elusive. Rho-kinase is a potent regulator of specific cellular processes effecting several pro-inflammatory activities. Herein, we examined the role of Rho-kinase signalling in acute pancreatitis. Experimental approach: Pancreatitis was induced by infusion of taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were treated with a Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (0.5-5 mg kg(-1) ) before induction of pancreatitis. Key results: Taurocholate infusion caused a clear-cut increase in serum amylase, pancreatic neutrophil infiltration, acinar cell necrosis and oedema formation in the pancreas. Levels of pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) and lung MPO were significantly increased, indicating local and systemic disease. Inhibition of Rho-kinase activity dose-dependently protected against pancreatitis. For example, 5 mg kg(-1) Y-27632 reduced acinar cell necrosis, leucocyte infiltration and pancreatic oedema by 90%, 89% and 58% respectively as well as tissue levels of MPO by 75% and MIP-2 by 84%. Moreover, Rho-kinase inhibition decreased lung MPO by 75% and serum amylase by 83%. Pancreatitis-induced TAP levels were reduced by 61% in Y-27632-treated mice. Inhibition of Rho-kinase abolished secretagogue-induced activation of trypsinogen in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. Conclusions and Implications: Our novel data suggest that Rho-kinase signalling plays an important role in acute pancreatitis by regulating trypsinogen activation and subsequent CXC chemokine formation, neutrophil infiltration and tissue injury. Thus, these results indicate that Rho-kinase may constitute a novel target in the management of SAP.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bautista, M A, et al.
(author)
-
Excitation of Sr II lines in Eta Carinae
- 2002
-
In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 0035-8711. ; 331:4, s. 875-879
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the nature of the peculiar [Sr II] and Sr II emission filament found in the ejecta of Eta Carinae. To this purpose we carry out abinitio calculations of radiative transition probabilities and electron impact excitation rate coefficients for Sr II. Then we build a multilevel model for the system which is used to investigate the physical condition of the filament and the nature of the observed allowed and forbidden Sr II optical emission. It is found that the observed spectrum is consistent with the lines being pumped by the continuum radiation field in a mostly neutral region with electron density near 107cm-3 . Under these conditions, the observed emission can be explained without the need for a large Sr overabundance.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bautista, M. A., et al.
(author)
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The abundance of iron-peak elements and the dust composition in eta Carinae: manganese
- 2011
-
In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 0035-8711. ; 410:4, s. 2643-2652
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the chemical abundances of the strontium filament found in the ejecta of eta Carinae. In particular, we derive the abundances of iron-peak elements from the spectra of their singly ionized ions present in the optical/infrared (IR) spectra. In this paper we analyse the spectrum of Mn II using a new non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) model for this system. In constructing this models we carried out theoretical calculations of radiative transition rates and electron impact excitation rate coefficients. We find that relative to Ni the gas-phase abundance ratio of Mn is roughly solar, similar to the Cr abundance but in contrast to the large enhancements in the abundances of Sc and Ti. We interpret this result as an indication of non-equilibrium condensation in the ejecta of eta Carinae.
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| 18. |
- Bautista, M A, et al.
(author)
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[Ti II] and [Ni II] emission from the strontium filament of eta Carinae
- 2006
-
In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 0035-8711. ; 370:4, s. 1991-2003
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the nature of the [Ti II] and [Ni II] emission from the so-called strontium filament found in the ejecta of eta Carinae. To this purpose, we employ multilevel models of the Ti II and Ni II systems, which are used to investigate the physical condition of the filament and the excitation mechanisms of the observed lines. For the Ti II ion, for which no atomic data were previously available, we carry out ab initio calculations of radiative transition rates and electron impact excitation rate coefficients. It is found that the observed spectrum is consistent with the lines being excited in a mostly neutral region with an electron density of the order of 10(7) cm(-3) and a temperature around 6000 K. In analysing three observations with different slit orientations recorded between 2000 March and 2001 November, we find line ratios that change among various observations, in a way consistent with changes of up to an order of magnitude in the strength of the continuum radiation field. These changes result from different samplings of the extended filament due to the different slit orientations used for each observation, and yield clues on the spatial extent and optical depth of the filament. The observed emission indicates a large Ti/Ni abundance ratio relative to solar abundances. It is suggested that the observed high Ti/Ni ratio in gas is caused by dust-gas fractionation processes and does not reflect the absolute Ti/Ni ratio in the ejecta of eta Carinae. We study the condensation chemistry of Ti, Ni and Fe within the filament and suggest that the observed gas phase overabundance of Ti is likely the result of selective photoevaporation of Ti-bearing grains. Some mechanisms for such a scenario are proposed.
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| 19. |
- Bautista, M., et al.
(author)
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Continuum Fluorescence Excitation of Sr II in Eta Carinae
- 2001
-
In: Eta Carinae and Other Mysterious Stars: The Hidden Opportunities of Emission Spectroscopy, ASP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 242. Edited by Theodore R. Gull, Sveneric Johannson, and Kris Davidson. San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, ISBN: 1. ; , s. 111-111
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 20. |
- Bean, Jacob L., et al.
(author)
-
The CRIRES search for planets around the lowest-mass stars. I. High-precision near-infrared radial velocities with an ammonia gas cell
- 2010
-
In: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X. ; 713:1, s. 410-422
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radial velocities measured from near-infrared (NIR) spectra are a potentially powerful tool to search for planets around cool stars and sub-stellar objects. However, no technique currently exists that yields NIR radial velocity precision comparable to that routinely obtained in the visible. We are carrying out an NIR radial velocity planet search program targeting a sample of the lowest-mass M dwarfs using the CRIRES instrument on the Very Large Telescope. In this first paper in a planned series about the project, we describe a method for measuring high-precision relative radial velocities of these stars from K-band spectra. The method makes use of a glass cell filled with ammonia gas to calibrate the spectrograph response similar to the "iodine cell" technique that has been used very successfully in the visible. Stellar spectra are obtained through the ammonia cell and modeled as the product of a Doppler-shifted template spectrum of the object and a spectrum of the cell, convolved with a variable instrumental profile (IP) model. A complicating factor is that a significant number of telluric absorption lines are present in the spectral regions containing useful stellar and ammonia lines. The telluric lines are modeled simultaneously as well using spectrum synthesis with a time-resolved model of the atmosphere over the observatory. The free parameters in the complete model are the wavelength scale of the spectrum, the IP, adjustments to the water and methane abundances in the atmospheric model, telluric spectrum Doppler shift, and stellar Doppler shift. Tests of the method based on the analysis of hundreds of spectra obtained for late-M dwarfs over 6 months demonstrate that precisions of similar to 5 m s(-1) are obtainable over long timescales, and precisions of better than 3 m s(-1) can be obtained over timescales up to a week. The obtained precision is comparable to the predicted photon-limited errors, but primarily limited over long timescales by the imperfect modeling of the telluric lines.
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| 21. |
- Bean, Jacob L., et al.
(author)
-
The crires search for planets around the lowest-mass stars. I. High-precision near-infrared radial velocities with an ammonia gas cell
- 2010
-
In: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 713:1, s. 410-422
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Radial velocities measured from near-infrared (NIR) spectra are a potentially powerful tool to search for planets around cool stars and sub-stellar objects. However, no technique currently exists that yields NIR radial velocity precision comparable to that routinely obtained in the visible. We are carrying out an NIR radial velocity planet search program targeting a sample of the lowest-mass M dwarfs using the CRIRES instrument on the Very Large Telescope. In this first paper in a planned series about the project, we describe a method for measuring high-precision relative radial velocities of these stars from K-band spectra. The method makes use of a glass cell filled with ammonia gas to calibrate the spectrograph response similar to the "iodine cell" technique that has been used very successfully in the visible. Stellar spectra are obtained through the ammonia cell and modeled as the product of a Doppler-shifted template spectrum of the object and a spectrum of the cell, convolved with a variable instrumental profile (IP) model. A complicating factor is that a significant number of telluric absorption lines are present in the spectral regions containing useful stellar and ammonia lines. The telluric lines are modeled simultaneously as well using spectrum synthesis with a time-resolved model of the atmosphere over the observatory. The free parameters in the complete model are the wavelength scale of the spectrum, the IP, adjustments to the water and methane abundances in the atmospheric model, telluric spectrum Doppler shift, and stellar Doppler shift. Tests of the method based on the analysis of hundreds of spectra obtained for late-M dwarfs over 6 months demonstrate that precisions of ∼ 5 m s−1 are obtainable over long timescales, and precisions of better than 3 m s−1 can be obtained over timescales up to a week. The obtained precision is comparable to the predicted photon-limited errors, but primarily limited over long timescales by the imperfect modeling of the telluric lines.
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| 22. |
- Bean, Jacob L., et al.
(author)
-
The proposed giant planet orbiting VB 10 does not exist
- 2010
-
In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8213. ; 711:1, s. 19-23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present high-precision relative radial velocities of the very low mass star VB 10 that were obtained over a time span of 0.61 years as part of an ongoing search for planets around stars at the end of the main sequence. The radial velocities were measured from high-resolution near-infrared spectra obtained using the CRIRES instrument on the Very Large Telescope with an ammonia gas cell. The typical internal precision of the measurements is 10 m s(-1). These data do not exhibit significant variability and are essentially constant at a level consistent with the measurement uncertainties. Therefore, we do not detect the radial velocity variations of VB 10 expected due to the presence of an orbiting giant planet similar to that recently proposed by Pravdo & Shaklan based on apparent astrometric perturbations. In addition, we do not confirm the similar to 1 km s(-1) radial velocity variability of the star tentatively detected by Zapatero Osorio and colleagues with lower precision measurements. Our measurements rule out planets with M-p > 3 M-Jup and the orbital period and inclination suggested by Pravdo & Shaklan at better than 5 sigma confidence. We conclude that the planet detection claimed by Pravdo & Shaklan is spurious on the basis of this result. Although the outcome of this work is a non-detection, it illustrates the potential of using ammonia cell radial velocities to detect planets around very low mass stars.
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| 23. |
- Bean, Jacob L., et al.
(author)
-
The proposed giant planet orbiting VB 10 does not exist
- 2010
-
In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 711:1, s. L19-L23
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present high-precision relative radial velocities of the very low mass star VB 10 that were obtained over a time span of 0.61 years as part of an ongoing search for planets around stars at the end of the main sequence. The radial velocities were measured from high-resolution near-infrared spectra obtained using the CRIRES instrument on the Very Large Telescope with an ammonia gas cell. The typical internal precision of the measurements is 10 m s−1. These data do not exhibit significant variability and are essentially constant at a level consistent with the measurement uncertainties. Therefore, we do not detect the radial velocity variations of VB 10 expected due to the presence of an orbiting giant planet similar to that recently proposed by Pravdo & Shaklan based on apparent astrometric perturbations. In addition, we do not confirm the ∼1 km s−1 radial velocity variability of the star tentatively detected by Zapatero Osorio and colleagues with lower precision measurements. Our measurements rule out planets with Mp > 3 MJup and the orbital period and inclination suggested by Pravdo & Shaklan at better than 5σ confidence. We conclude that the planet detection claimed by Pravdo & Shaklan is spurious on the basis of this result. Although the outcome of this work is a non-detection, it illustrates the potential of using ammonia cell radial velocities to detect planets around very low mass stars.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Biemont, E., et al.
(author)
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Lifetime measurements and calculations in Y+ and Y2+ ions
- 2011
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In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 0035-8711. ; 414:4, s. 3350-3359
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report a new set oftheoretical transition probabilities in Y II, obtained using a multiconfiguration relativistic Hartree-Fock method including core polarization. The overall quality of the calculations is assessed by comparisons with new and previous lifetime measurements. In this paper, we report new measurements of five lifetimes in the 4d5p and 5s5p configurations, in the energy range of 32 048-44 569 cm(-1), obtained by the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence method. A similar theoretical model, applied to Y III, leads to results in good agreement with new laser measurements of two 5p levels obtained in this work and with previous beam-foil results for 5d and 6s levels. An extensive set of oscillator strengths is also proposed for Y III.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Brikell, Isabell, et al.
(author)
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ADHD medication discontinuation and persistence across the lifespan : a retrospective observational study using population-based databases
- 2024
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In: Lancet psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 11:1, s. 16-26
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although often intended for long-term treatment, discontinuation of medication for ADHD is common. However, cross-national estimates of discontinuation are missing due to the absence of standardised measures. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of ADHD treatment discontinuation across the lifespan and to describe similarities and differences across countries to guide clinical practice.METHODS: We did a retrospective, observational study using population-based databases from eight countries and one Special Administrative Region (Australia, Denmark, Hong Kong, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the UK, and the USA). We used a common analytical protocol approach and extracted prescription data to identify new users of ADHD medication. Eligible individuals were aged 3 years or older who had initiated ADHD medication between 2010 and 2020. We estimated treatment discontinuation and persistence in the 5 years after treatment initiation, stratified by age at initiation (children [age 4-11 years], adolescents [age 12-17 years], young adults [age 18-24 years], and adults [age ≥25 years]) and sex. Ethnicity data were not available.FINDINGS: 1 229 972 individuals (735 503 [60%] males, 494 469 females [40%]; median age 8-21 years) were included in the study. Across countries, treatment discontinuation 1-5 years after initiation was lowest in children, and highest in young adults and adolescents. Within 1 year of initiation, 65% (95% CI 60-70) of children, 47% (43-51) of adolescents, 39% (36-42) of young adults, and 48% (44-52) of adults remained on treatment. The proportion of patients discontinuing was highest between age 18 and 19 years. Treatment persistence for up to 5 years was higher across countries when accounting for reinitiation of medication; at 5 years of follow-up, 50-60% of children and 30-40% of adolescents and adults were covered by treatment in most countries. Patterns were similar across sex.INTERPRETATION: Early medication discontinuation is prevalent in ADHD treatment, particularly among young adults. Although reinitiation of medication is common, treatment persistence in adolescents and young adults is lower than expected based on previous estimates of ADHD symptom persistence in these age groups. This study highlights the scope of medication treatment discontinuation and persistence in ADHD across the lifespan and provides new knowledge about long-term ADHD medication use.FUNDING: European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.
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| 28. |
- Burheim, Madeleine, et al.
(author)
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Experimental oscillator strengths of Al I lines for near-infrared astrophysical spectroscopy
- 2023
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 672
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context. Elemental abundances can be determined from stellar spectra, making it possible to study galactic formation and evolution. Accurate atomic data is essential for the reliable interpretation and modeling of astrophysical spectra. In this work, we perform laboratory studies on neutral aluminium. This element is found, for example, in young, massive stars and it is a key element for tracing ongoing nucleosynthesis throughout the Galaxy. The near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region is of particular importance, since extinction in this region is lower than for optical wavelengths. This makes the NIR wavelength region a better probe for highly obscured regions, such as those located close to the Galactic center.Aims. We investigate the spectrum of neutral aluminium with the aim to provide oscillator strengths (f-values) of improved accuracy for lines in the NIR and optical regions (670–4200 nm).Methods. Measurements of high-resolution spectra were performed using a Fourier transform spectrometer and a hollow cathode discharge lamp. The f-values were derived from experimental line intensities combined with published radiative lifetimes.Results. We report oscillator strengths for 12 lines in the NIR and optical spectral regions, with an accuracy between 2 and 11%, as well as branching fractions for an additional 16 lines.
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| 29. |
- Bäckström, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Experimentally determined oscillator strengths in Rh II
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 46:20, s. 205001-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents new experimentally determined branching fractions and oscillator strengths (log gf) for lines originating from 17 levels belonging to 5 terms of the first excited odd configuration 4d(7)(D-4) 5p in Rh II. The intensity calibrated spectra of Rh II have been recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer between 25000 and 45000 cm(-1) (2200-4000 angstrom). In this region, 49 lines have been identified and measured. By combining the branching fractions obtained from the spectra with previously measured lifetimes, log gf values are reported. The new results are compared with previous theoretical work.
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| 30. |
- Bäckström, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The FERRUM project : metastable lifetimes in Cr II
- 2012
-
In: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 420:2, s. 1636-1639
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Parity forbidden radiative transitions from metastable levels are observed in spectra of low-density astrophysical plasmas. These lines are used as probes of the physical conditions, made possible due to the long lifetime of their upper level. In a joint effort, the FERRUM project aims to obtain new and accurate atomic data for the iron-group elements, and part of this project concerns forbidden lines. The radiative lifetimes of the metastable energy levels 3 d4(a 3 D)4 s c4 D 5/2 and 3 d4(a 3 D)4 s c4 D 7/2 of singly ionized chromium have been measured. The experiment has been performed at the ion storage ring CRYRING. We employed a laser-probing technique developed for measuring long lifetimes. In this article, we present the lifetimes of these levels to be t5/2= 1.28(16) s and t7/2= 1.37(7) s, respectively. A comparison with previous theoretical work shows good agreement and the result is discussed in a theoretical context.
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| 31. |
- Chen, Qi, et al.
(author)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and clinically diagnosed obesity in adolescence and young adulthood : a register-based study in Sweden
- 2019
-
In: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 49:11, s. 1841-1849
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A recent family study of young adult males suggests a shared familial liability between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high body mass index (BMI), and a genome-wide meta-analysis reported a genetic correlation of 0.26 between ADHD and BMI. To date, it is unclear whether these findings generalize to the relationship between ADHD and clinically diagnosed obesity.METHOD: By linking the Swedish national registers, we identified 25 38 127 individuals born between 1973 and 2000, together with their siblings and cousins. The risk of clinical obesity in individuals with ADHD was compared with the risk in those without ADHD. The relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the association between ADHD and clinical obesity were examined via assessment of the familial co-aggregation of the two conditions and quantitative genetic analysis.RESULTS: Individuals with ADHD were at an increased risk of clinical obesity compared with those without (risk difference 3.73%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.55-3.90%; risk ratio 3.05, 95% CI 2.95-3.15). Familial co-aggregation of ADHD and clinical obesity was detected and the strength of the co-aggregation decreased by decreasing genetic relatedness. The correlation between the liabilities to ADHD and clinical obesity can be entirely attributed to their genetic correlation (rg 0.30, 95% CI 0.17-0.44).CONCLUSION: The association between ADHD and clinical obesity in adolescence and young adulthood can be entirely attributed to genetic underpinnings shared by the two conditions. Children with ADHD should be monitored for weight gain so that preventive measures can be taken for those on a suboptimal trajectory.
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| 32. |
- Chen, Qi, et al.
(author)
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Common psychiatric and metabolic comorbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder : A population-based cross-sectional study
- 2018
-
In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often comorbid with other psychiatric conditions in adults. Yet, less is known about its relationship with common metabolic disorders and how sex and ageing affect the overall comorbidity patterns of adult ADHD. We aimed to examine associations of adult ADHD with several common psychiatric and metabolic conditions. Through the linkage of multiple Swedish national registers, 5,551,807 adults aged 18 to 64 years and living in Sweden on December 31, 2013 were identified and assessed for clinical diagnoses of adult ADHD, substance use disorder (SUD), depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hypertension. Logistic regression models and regression standardization method were employed to obtain estimates of prevalence, prevalence difference (PD), and prevalence ratio (PR). All comorbid conditions of interest were more prevalent in adults with ADHD (3.90% to 44.65%) than in those without (0.72% to 4.89%), with the estimated PRs being over nine for psychiatric conditions (p < 0.001) and around two for metabolic conditions (p < 0.001). Sex differences in the prevalence of comorbidities were observed among adults with ADHD. Effect modification by sex was detected on the additive scale and/or multiplicative scale for the associations of adult ADHD with all comorbidities. ADHD remained associated with all comorbidities in older adults aged 50 to 64 when all conditions were assessed from age 50 onwards. The comorbidity patterns of adult ADHD underscore the severity and clinical complexity of the disorder. Clinicians should remain vigilant for a wide range of psychiatric and metabolic problems in ADHD affected adults of all ages and both sexes.
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| 33. |
- Cirenajwis, Helena, et al.
(author)
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Molecular stratification of metastatic melanoma using gene expression profiling: prediction of survival outcome and benefit from molecular targeted therapy.
- 2015
-
In: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 6:14, s. 12297-12309
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Melanoma is currently divided on a genetic level according to mutational status. However, this classification does not optimally predict prognosis. In prior studies, we have defined gene expression phenotypes (high-immune, pigmentation, proliferative and normal-like), which are predictive of survival outcome as well as informative of biology. Herein, we employed a population-based metastatic melanoma cohort and external cohorts to determine the prognostic and predictive significance of the gene expression phenotypes. We performed expression profiling on 214 cutaneous melanoma tumors and found an increased risk of developing distant metastases in the pigmentation (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.05-3.28; P=0.03) and proliferative (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.43-5.57; P=0.003) groups as compared to the high-immune response group. Further genetic characterization of melanomas using targeted deep-sequencing revealed similar mutational patterns across these phenotypes. We also used publicly available expression profiling data from melanoma patients treated with targeted or vaccine therapy in order to determine if our signatures predicted therapeutic response. In patients receiving targeted therapy, melanomas resistant to targeted therapy were enriched in the MITF-low proliferative subtype as compared to pre-treatment biopsies (P=0.02). In summary, the melanoma gene expression phenotypes are highly predictive of survival outcome and can further help to discriminate patients responding to targeted therapy.
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| 34. |
- Damineli, Augusto, et al.
(author)
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The Long-term Spectral Changes of Eta Carinae : Are they Caused by a Dissipating Occulter as Indicated by CMFGEN Models?
- 2023
-
In: Astrophysical Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 954
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Eta Carinae (η Car) exhibits a unique set of P Cygni profiles with both broad and narrow components. Over many decades, the spectrum has changed-there has been an increase in observed continuum fluxes and a decrease in Fe II and H I emission-line equivalent widths. The spectrum is evolving toward that of a P Cygni star such as P Cygni itself and HDE 316285. The spectral evolution has been attributed to intrinsic variations such as a decrease in the mass-loss rate of the primary star or differential evolution in a latitudinal-dependent stellar wind. However, intrinsic wind changes conflict with three observational results: the steady long-term bolometric luminosity; the repeating X-ray light curve over the binary period; and the constancy of the dust-scattered spectrum from the Homunculus. We extend previous work that showed a secular strengthening of P Cygni absorptions by adding more orbital cycles to overcome temporary instabilities and by examining more atomic transitions. CMFGEN modeling of the primary wind shows that a time-decreasing mass-loss rate is not the best explanation for the observations. However, models with a small dissipating absorber in our line of sight can explain both the increase in brightness and changes in the emission and P Cygni absorption profiles. If the spectral evolution is caused by the dissipating circumstellar medium, and not by intrinsic changes in the binary, the dynamical timescale to recover from the Great Eruption is much less than a century, different from previous suggestions.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Dima, Danai, et al.
(author)
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Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years.
- 2022
-
In: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 43:1, s. 452-469
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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| 37. |
- Du Rietz, Ebba, et al.
(author)
-
Mapping phenotypic and aetiological associations between ADHD and physical conditions in adulthood in Sweden : a genetically informed register study
- 2021
-
In: Lancet psychiatry. - : Elsevier. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 8:9, s. 774-783
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests increased risk of several physical health conditions in people with ADHD. Only a few physical conditions have been thoroughly studied in relation to ADHD, and there is little knowledge on associations in older adults in particular. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic and aetiological associations between ADHD and a wide range of physical health conditions across adulthood.METHODS: We did a register study in Sweden and identified full-sibling and maternal half-sibling pairs born between Jan 1, 1932, and Dec 31, 1995, through the Population and Multi-Generation Registers. We excluded individuals who died or emigrated before Jan 1, 2005, and included full-siblings who were not twins and did not have half-siblings. ICD diagnoses were obtained from the National Patient Register. We extracted ICD diagnoses for physical conditions, when participants were aged 18 years or older, from inpatient (recorded 1973-2013) and outpatient (recorded 2001-13) services. Diagnoses were regarded as lifetime presence or absence. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between ADHD (exposure) and 35 physical conditions (outcomes) in individuals and across sibling pairs. Quantitative genetic modelling was used to estimate the extent to which genetic and environmental factors accounted for the associations with ADHD.FINDINGS: 4 789 799 individuals were identified (2 449 146 [51%] men and 2 340 653 [49%] women), who formed 4 288 451 unique sibling pairs (3 819 207 full-sibling pairs and 469 244 maternal half-sibling pairs) and 1 841 303 family clusters (siblings, parents, cousins, spouses). The mean age at end of follow-up was 47 years (range 18-81; mean birth year 1966); ethnicity data were not available. Adults with ADHD had increased risk for most physical conditions (34 [97%] of 35) compared with adults without ADHD; the strongest associations were with nervous system disorders (eg, sleep disorders, epilepsy, dementia; odds ratios [ORs] 1·50-4·62) and respiratory diseases (eg, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ORs 2·42-3·24). Sex-stratified analyses showed similar patterns of results in men and women. Stronger cross-disorder associations were found between full-siblings than between half-siblings for nervous system, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and metabolic diseases (p<0·007). Quantitative genetic modelling showed that these associations were largely explained by shared genetic factors (60-69% of correlations), except for associations with nervous system disorders, which were mainly explained by non-shared environmental factors.INTERPRETATION: This mapping of aetiological sources of cross-disorder overlap can guide future research aiming to identify specific mechanisms contributing to risk of physical conditions in people with ADHD, which could ultimately inform preventive and lifestyle intervention efforts. Our findings highlight the importance of assessing the presence of physical conditions in patients with ADHD.FUNDING: Swedish Research Council; Swedish Brain Foundation; Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare; Stockholm County Council; StratNeuro; EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme; National Institute of Mental Health.
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| 38. |
- Du Rietz, Ebba, et al.
(author)
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Overlap between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders : separating unique from general psychopathology effects
- 2021
-
In: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatry. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 218:1, s. 35-42
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the latest diagnostic manuals, it shows phenotypic and genetic associations of similar magnitudes across neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising disorders.AIMS: To investigate if ADHD is aetiologically more closely related to neurodevelopmental than externalising or internalising disorder clusters, after accounting for a general psychopathology factor.METHOD: Full and maternal half-sibling pairs (N = 774 416), born between 1980 and 1995, were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth and Multi-Generation Registers, and ICD diagnoses were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register. A higher-order confirmatory factor analytic model was fitted to examine associations between ADHD and a general psychopathology factor, as well as a neurodevelopmental, externalising and internalising subfactor. Quantitative genetic modelling was performed to estimate the extent to which genetic, shared and non-shared environmental effects influenced the associations with ADHD.RESULTS: ADHD was significantly and strongly associated with all three factors (r = 0.67-0.75). However, after controlling for a general psychopathology factor, only the association between ADHD and the neurodevelopmental-specific factor remained moderately strong (r = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.42-0.45) and was almost entirely influenced by genetic effects. In contrast, the association between ADHD and the externalising-specific factor was smaller (r = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.24-0.27), and largely influenced by non-shared environmental effects. There remained no internalising-specific factor after accounting for a general factor.CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that ADHD comorbidity is largely explained by genetically influenced general psychopathology, but the strong link between ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders is also substantially driven by unique genetic influences.
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| 39. |
- Du Rietz, Ebba, et al.
(author)
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Phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations between diagnosed ADHD, neurodevelopmental, internalizing and externalizing disorders
- 2019
-
In: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 49:6, s. 513-513
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- ADHD is currently classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) and clustered together with Autism Spectrum Disorder and intellectual disabilities in the recently updated diagnostic manuals (DSM-5/ICD-11). There is, however, evidence for strong genetic overlap of ADHD with not only NDDs but also with internalizing and externalizing disorders, as well as with a general psychopathology-factor. These genetic findings challenge the accuracy of the current nosology of ADHD. In this study we therefore aimed to compare the strength of phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations of ADHD with NDDs, internalizing and externalizing disorders, to explore if ADHD is more closely linked to one of these disorder domains. We further aimed to determine the etiological overlap between ADHD and the domains after accounting for a general psychopathology-factor. We identified full and maternal half siblings in the Swedish population and linked diagnostic data from the National Patient Register. Through structural equation modeling we fitted a confirmatory factor model, where one general factor loaded onto all disorders, and disorder clusters (NDD, internalizing, externalizing) each had a factor loading onto the disorders. We allowed ADHD to have loading from each of the cluster factors and the general factor. Initial findings showed similar magnitudes of genetic overlap of ADHD with NDDs (rg= 0.52–0.70) and internalizing disorders (rg= 0.58–0.68). Further analyses will be extended to include externalizing disorders, and to estimate etiological overlap after accounting for a general psychopathology-factor. Our findings may be informative for the nosology of ADHD as well as for increasing our understanding of the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Ekman, Jörgen, et al.
(author)
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A spectral study of Te V from MCDHF calculations
- 2013
-
In: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 46:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- State-of-the-art multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations for Te V have been performed and energies, LS-compositions, radiative lifetimes and Lande gJ-factors for 51 odd and even parity states are presented. In addition, predictions on transition rates and oscillator strengths for a multitude of transitions between these states are reported for the first time. To describe the atomic system accurately, by means of configuration interaction, valence and core-valence electron correlation effects were taken into account. Calculated energies and lifetimes of excited states agree very well with experimental data.
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| 42. |
- Ekman, Jörgen, et al.
(author)
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Calculations with spectroscopic accuracy : energies, transition rates, and Landé g_J-factors in the carbon isoelectronic sequence from Ar XIII to Zn XXV
- 2014
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 564
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extensive self-consistent multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF) calculations and subsequent relativistic configuration in- teraction calculations are performed for 262 states belonging to the 15 configurations 2s22p2, 2s2p3, 2p4, 2s22p3l, 2s2p23l, 2p33l and 2s22p4l (l = 0,1,2) in selected carbon-like ions from Ar XIII to Zn XXV. Electron correlation effects are accounted for through large configuration state function expansions. Calculated energy levels are compared with existing theoretical calculations and data from the Chianti and NIST databases. In addition, Landé gJ -factors and radiative electric dipole transition rates are given for all ions. The accuracy of the calculations are high enough to facilitate the identification of observed spectral lines.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Ekman, Jörgen, et al.
(author)
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Validation and Implementation of Uncertainty Estimates of Calculated Transition Rates
- 2014
-
In: Atoms. - : MDPI. - 2218-2004. ; 2:2, s. 215-224
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Uncertainties of calculated transition rates in LS-allowed electric dipole transitions in boron-like O IV and carbon-like Fe XXI are estimated using an approach in which differences in line strengths calculated in length and velocity gauges are utilized. Estimated uncertainties are compared and validated against several high-quality theoretical data sets in O IV, and implemented in large scale calculations in Fe XXI.
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| 45. |
- Engström, Lars, et al.
(author)
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The FERRUM project : Experimental transition probabilities from highly excited even 5s levels in Cr ii
- 2014
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 570
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report lifetime measurements of the five levels in the 3d4(a5D)5s e6D term in Cr ii at an energy around 83 000 cm-1, and log(g f ) values for 38 transitions from the investigated levels. The lifetimes are obtained using time-resolved, laser-induced fluorescence on ions from a laser-produced plasma. Since the levels have the same parity as the low-lying states directly populated in the plasma, we used a two-photon excitation scheme. This process is greatly facilitated by the presence of the 3d4(a5D)4p z6F levels at roughly half the energy di erence. The f -values are obtained by combining the experimental lifetimes with branching fractions derived using relative intensities from a hollow cathode lamp recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer.
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| 46. |
- Engström, Lars, et al.
(author)
-
The FERRUM project : Experimental transition probabilities from highly excited even 5s levels in Cr II
- 2014
-
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 570, s. A34-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report lifetime measurements of the five levels in the 3d(4)(a(5)D)5s e(6)D term in Cr II at an energy around 83 000 cm(-1), and log(gf) values for 38 transitions from the investigated levels. The lifetimes are obtained using time-resolved, laser-induced fluorescence on ions from a laser-produced plasma. Since the levels have the same parity as the low-lying states directly populated in the plasma, we used a two-photon excitation scheme. This process is greatly facilitated by the presence of the 3d(4)(a(5)D)4p z(6)F levels at roughly half the energy difference. The f-values are obtained by combining the experimental lifetimes with branching fractions derived using relative intensities from a hollow cathode lamp recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer.
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| 47. |
- Fabiano, Nicholas, et al.
(author)
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Physical Activity, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempt and Death Among Individuals With Mental or Other Medical Disorders : A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
- 2024
-
In: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. - : Pergamon Press. - 0149-7634 .- 1873-7528. ; 158
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A growing body of research has demonstrated the potential role for physical activity as an intervention across mental and other medical disorders. However, the association between physical activity and suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths has not been systematically appraised in clinical samples. We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for observational studies investigating the influence of physical activity on suicidal behaviour up to December 6, 2023. Of 116 eligible full-text studies, seven (n=141691) were included. Depression was the most frequently studied c mental condition (43%, k=3), followed by chronic pain as the most common other medical condition (29%, k=2). Two case-control studies examined suicide attempts and found an association between physical activity and a reduced frequency of such attempts. However, in studies examining suicidal ideation (k=3) or suicide deaths (k=2), no consistent associations with physical activity were observed. Overall, our systematic review found that physical activity may be linked to a lower frequency of suicide attempts in non-prospective studies involving individuals with mental disorders.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Femenias, Paula, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Från omfattande till varsam renovering
- 2019
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In: Hållbar renovering ur ett helhetsperspektiv: En antologi från forskningsmiljön SIRen. - 9789188722652 ; , s. 47-54
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
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