SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Hedlund Katarina) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Hedlund Katarina)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 120
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Hall, Marianne, et al. (författare)
  • Kollagring och markanvändning
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Markanvändning för en klimatpositiv framtid : En rapport om utmaningar och möjligheter i Skåne - En rapport om utmaningar och möjligheter i Skåne. - 9789198434989 - 9789198434996 ; , s. 6-12
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
2.
  • Adman, Per, et al. (författare)
  • 171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
  •  
3.
  • Albizua, Amaia, et al. (författare)
  • Crop rotations including ley and manure can promote ecosystem services in conventional farming systems
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393. ; 95, s. 54-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Agricultural intensification has contributed substantially to the increase in food production, but has come at the expense of soil degradation and environmental problems. Management of soil based ecosystem services need to be considered in agricultural management since intensive management implies not only costs to the farmer but also to society. In this study we used data from four long-term (55 years) agricultural experiments in southern Sweden to assess the effects of two arable farming systems on a range of indicators of soil ecosystem services. One farming system used only annual commodity crops (ACC system) while the other integrated one year of ley (ley system) into the crop rotation. Nitrogen (N) fertiliser was applied annually in both farming systems at two rates (0 and 150 kg N ha(-1)). The ley farming system had an addition of farmyard manure (FYM) once every fourth year. Soil organic carbon, total N, phosphorous, potassium, pH and water holding capacity were used as indicators of regulating services; bacterial and fungal biomass were used as indicators of supporting services; grain yield and protein content were used as indicators of provisioning services. We analysed each of the indicators separately, to identify effects of the farming systems, using linear mixed effects models. In addition, we used principal components analysis to bundle the individual indicators together to create latent variables representing categories of ecosystem services. Yields of wheat were greatest in the plots that received N fertiliser, irrespective of farming system, while mycorrhizal fungal biomass was greatest in the ley system with no inorganic N fertiliser. The rest of the indicators were similar in both farming systems although the lowest values of all ecosystem service indicators were found in the ACC system with no N fertiliser. When bundling the indicators, no trade-offs were found between regulating, supporting and provisioning services. Regulating and supporting services were positively correlated, as were regulating and provisioning services. The ley system with N fertiliser had significantly greater values of regulating and provisioning services relative to the other treatments. The results indicate that different farming systems can have large effects on ecosystem service flows, and that integrating leys into arable rotations can enhance the delivery of soil ecosystem services. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
4.
  • Bengtsen, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Interdisciplinarity, group responsibility and conflict as resources for learning
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Högskolepedagogisk reflektion och praktik : proceedings från humanistiska och teologiska fakulteternas pedagogiska inspirationskonferens 2012.
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the autumn of 2011, the course “The City: Boundary Transgressions and Visual Expressions” was given for the first time. Formally placed at the Division of Art History and Visual Studies, the course was a collaboration with the Division of Social Anthropology and was directed towards students from a range of disciplines within the fields of the humanities and social sciences. The course included an excursion to a European city (e.g. Paris, Berlin) during which the students conducted minor field studies in interdisciplinary groups. The present text presents and discusses some of the experiences derived from the course in relation to the themes of interdisciplinarity, conflict and group responsibility as learning resources. The main ideas behind the interdisciplinary group work as a central TLA was to give the students first-hand experience with different scientific methods and stances and to contextualize and emphasize the tradition that each student is embedded in. The response was generally positive. Students found it educational to use methods from different fields to gain a holistic understanding of their object of study. However, the course evaluations also show that the organization of the interdisciplinary group work can be challenging. Rather than seeing the conflicts that arise among students as a problem, in this paper we suggest to see them as resources and opportunities for learning. Consequently, while the course team has been available for consultation, the students have been expected to solve confrontations among themselves. This process of handling differences of opinion, work routines, etc. prepares the students for professional life both inside and outside of academia.
  •  
5.
  • Bengtsson, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Patchiness and compensatory growth in a fungus-Collembola system
  • 1993
  • Ingår i: Oecologia. - 0029-8549. ; 93:2, s. 296-302
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The compensatory growth potential of a grazed fungal biomass was mathematically expressed as a function of patchiness in its distribution and demonstrated in an experiment using the fungivorous collembolan Onychiurus armatus and the soil fungi Verticillium bulbillosum and Penicillium spinulosum. The model addresses the regrowth potential in relation to patch fragmentation, travelling time and consumption rate of the collembolan and the mean relative growth rate of the fungus. It suggests that the mean relative growth rate required for regrowth decreases with patch fragmentation and increases with the mean growth rate of the fungus. The experiments were performed with a system of soil-filled vials provided with fungi and collembolans. The size of the vials and the length of the tubes connecting them were varied to give different patch sizes and travelling times. The respiratory activity of fungi after grazing increased as a unit of mycelium was distributed into smaller connected vials. The slow growing species V. bulbillosum showed a greater but delayed response to grazing in comparison with the fast growing P. spinulosum. An increased travelling time delayed the growth response in both species.
  •  
6.
  • Bengtsson, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Selective odor perception in the soil collembola Onychiurus armatus
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 17:11, s. 2113-2125
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The olfactorial response of the fungivorous soil collembolan Onychiurus armatus was examined in a bioassay covering volatile compounds identified in the odor blends of two of its preferred fungal species Monierella isabellina and Verticillium bulbillosum. The odor of the fungi was trapped using activated carbon filters, extracted with diethyl ether, and subjected to GC-MS analysis. About 50% of the compounds resolved by GC were identified by a combination of electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. In a Y-shaped olfactometer the collembolans were attracted to a variety of common odors, such as CO2 and 2-methyl-1-propanol, and a species-specific odor, such as 1-heptene, and arrested by, for example, decanal and 2-octene. The response was not improved by pairwise combinations of common and specific odors. An amount of 0.5 ng of ethyl acetate or 3 pg of 1-pentanol was sufficient to attract the collembolans. The specific compounds of V. bulbillosum, 1-heptene and 1-octen-3-ol, may be key stimuli explaining why O. armatus prefers V. bulbillosum.
  •  
7.
  •  
8.
  • Berger, Josef, et al. (författare)
  • Niche separation of pollen beetle parasitoids
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Species with similar resource requirements are commonly assumed to competitively exclude each other, unless they differentiate their ecological niches. Hence, parasitoid wasps that use the same host species need to find some way to avoid competition. The aim of this study was to identify the role of volatile cues from oilseed rape plants and the larval host in niche separation between three coexisting parasitoid species. We examined how Phradis interstitialis, Phradis morionellus and Tersilochus heterocerus, sympatric parasitoids of Brassicogethes aeneus, differ in their abundances, distribution on buds and flowers, and oviposition behavior in the field. Furthermore, we tested their preferences for odors from uninfested and infested oilseed rape plants in the bud and flowering stage, and their preferences for odors from three developmental stages of pollen beetle larvae in a two-choice olfactometer bioassay. P. interstitialis was active in the field early in the season, preferred odors of infested buds vs. uninfested, and oviposited into buds which contained only pollen beetle eggs, while P. morionellus was active late in the season, preferred odors of infested buds as well as odors of infested flowers over uninfested, and oviposited into buds which contained only larvae. T. heterocerus was active throughout the season, and preferred odors of infested flowers over uninfested. Neither Phradis species were attracted to larval odors, whereas T. heterocerus was attracted to odors from first-instar pollen beetle larvae both in the absence of plant odors, and when presented simultaneously with uninfested plant odor. This suggests that the two Phradis species are separated on a temporal scale and that they parasitize different host stages, while the larval parasitoids P. morionellus and T. heterocerus are separated by choice of microhabitat. The former oviposits into larvae in buds, and the latter in flowers.
  •  
9.
  • Berger, Josef S., et al. (författare)
  • Landscape configuration affects herbivore–parasitoid communities in oilseed rape
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Pest Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1612-4758 .- 1612-4766. ; 91:3, s. 1093-1105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is crucial to consider the effects of large-scale drivers on species presences and ecological interactions to understand what structures communities. In our study, we investigated how the species composition and the potential interaction networks of herbivore and parasitoid communities in oilseed rape fields are affected by agricultural landscape characteristics. Insect communities of 26 winter oilseed rape fields in southern Sweden were captured in water traps over a continuous time span of 30 ± 2 days. In total, 31% of the variation in the composition of herbivore host communities was explained by a combination of the surrounding oilseed rape area in the study year and the previous year and distance to the nearest forest. The oilseed rape area in the study year and distance to forest also explained 14% of the variation in the composition of parasitoid communities. Distance to the nearest forest together with the area of oilseed rape in the previous year explained 45% of the variation in asymmetry of interaction webs. These results indicate that several measures of landscape configuration are important both for the composition of host and parasitoid communities and also for the structure of interaction networks. Our results support the view that it is an appropriate strategy to cultivate oilseed rape in landscapes that are far away from forests, in order to minimize recolonization by pest species and at the same time to attract parasitoid species from the open landscape.
  •  
10.
  • Bezemer, T. M., et al. (författare)
  • Divergent composition but similar function of soil food webs of individual plants: plant species and community effects
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Ecology. - 0012-9658. ; 91:10, s. 3027-3036
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Soils are extremely rich in biodiversity, and soil organisms play pivotal roles in supporting terrestrial life, but the role that individual plants and plant communities play in influencing the diversity and functioning of soil food webs remains highly debated. Plants, as primary producers and providers of resources to the soil food web, are of vital importance for the composition, structure, and functioning of soil communities. However, whether natural soil food webs that are completely open to immigration and emigration differ underneath individual plants remains unknown. In a biodiversity restoration experiment we first compared the soil nematode communities of 228 individual plants belonging to eight herbaceous species. We included grass, leguminous, and non-leguminous species. Each individual plant grew intermingled with other species, but all plant species had a different nematode community. Moreover, nematode communities were more similar when plant individuals were growing in the same as compared to different plant communities, and these effects were most apparent for the groups of bacterivorous, carnivorous, and omnivorous nematodes. Subsequently, we analyzed the composition, structure, and functioning of the complete soil food webs of 58 individual plants, belonging to two of the plant species, Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) and Plantago lanceolata (Plantaginaceae). We isolated and identified more than 150 taxa/groups of soil organisms. The soil community composition and structure of the entire food webs were influenced both by the species identity of the plant individual and the surrounding plant community. Unexpectedly, plant identity had the strongest effects on decomposing soil organisms, widely believed to be generalist feeders. In contrast, quantitative food web modeling showed that the composition of the plant community influenced nitrogen mineralization under individual plants, but that plant species identity did not affect nitrogen or carbon mineralization or food web stability. Hence, the composition and structure of entire soil food webs vary at the scale of individual plants and are strongly influenced by the species identity of the plant. However, the ecosystem functions these food webs provide are determined by the identity of the entire plant community.
  •  
11.
  • Bezemer, TM, et al. (författare)
  • Plant species and functional group effects on abiotic and microbial soil properties and plant-soil feedback responses in two grasslands
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2745 .- 0022-0477. ; 94:5, s. 893-904
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • 1 Plant species differ in their capacity to influence soil organic matter, soil nutrient availability and the composition of soil microbial communities. Their influences on soil properties result in net positive or negative feedback effects, which influence plant performance and plant community composition. 2 For two grassland systems, one on a sandy soil in the Netherlands and one on a chalk soil in the United Kingdom, we investigated how individual plant species grown in monocultures changed abiotic and biotic soil conditions. Then, we determined feedback effects of these soils to plants of the same or different species. Feedback effects were analysed at the level of plant species and plant taxonomic groups (grasses vs. forbs). 3 In the sandy soils, plant species differed in their effects on soil chemical properties, in particular potassium levels, but PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) signatures of the soil microbial community did not differ between plant species. The effects of soil chemical properties were even greater when grasses and forbs were compared, especially because potassium levels were lower in grass monocultures. 4 In the chalk soil, there were no effects of plant species on soil chemical properties, but PLFA profiles differed significantly between soils from different monocultures. PLFA profiles differed between species, rather than between grasses and forbs. 5 In the feedback experiment, all plant species in sandy soils grew less vigorously in soils conditioned by grasses than in soils conditioned by forbs. These effects correlated significantly with soil chemical properties. None of the seven plant species showed significant differences between performance in soil conditioned by the same vs. other plant species. 6 In the chalk soil, Sanguisorba minor and in particular Briza media performed best in soil collected from conspecifics, while Bromus erectus performed best in soil from heterospecifics. There was no distinctive pattern between soils collected from forb and grass monocultures, and plant performance could not be related to soil chemical properties or PLFA signatures. 7 Our study shows that mechanisms of plant-soil feedback can depend on plant species, plant taxonomic (or functional) groups and site-specific differences in abiotic and biotic soil properties. Understanding how plant species can influence their rhizosphere, and how other plant species respond to these changes, will greatly enhance our understanding of the functioning and stability of ecosystems.
  •  
12.
  • Bindesbol, Anne-Mette, et al. (författare)
  • Changes in Membrane Phospholipids as a Mechanistic Explanation for Decreased Freeze Tolerance in Earthworms Exposed to Sublethal Copper Concentrations
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5851 .- 0013-936X. ; 43:14, s. 5495-5500
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • At low temperature, cell membrane functionality depends on adjustments of membrane phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition. We here test the hypothesis that previous exposure to copper (Cu) may deteriorate tolerance to freezing temperatures because of Cu-induced changes of PLFA composition of cell membranes in the freeze-tolerant earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra. Cu levels and freezing temperatures were varied in a full factorial design. We measured PLFA composition and lipid peroxidation. A highly significant interaction was observed between subzero temperatures and Cu concentrations above 120 mg/kg dry soil. Lipid peroxidation increased slightly in worms exposed to Cu. In particular, the analysis showed that Cu had a significant negative effect on the polyunsaturated PLFA, linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6,9), which has previously been reported to correlate positively (R-2 = 0.92) with freeze tolerance in D. octaedra. This supports our hypothesis that reduced tolerance to freezing temperatures in Cu-exposed worms may be due to membrane damage.
  •  
13.
  • Birkhofer, Klaus, et al. (författare)
  • A framework to identify indicator species for ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 91, s. 278-286
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Improving our understanding of the relationships between biodiversity and the delivery of ecosystem services is crucial for the development of sustainable agriculture. We introduce a novel framework that is based on the identification of indicator species for single or multiple ecosystem services across taxonomic groups based on indicator species analyses. We utilize multi-species community data (unlike previous single species approaches) without giving up information about the identity of species in our framework (unlike previous species richness approaches). We compiled a comprehensive community dataset including abundances of 683 invertebrate, vertebrate and plant species to identify indicator species that were either positively or negatively related to biological control, diversity of red-listed species or crop yield in agricultural landscapes in southern Sweden. Our results demonstrate that some taxonomic groups include significantly higher percentages of indicator species for these ecosystem services. Spider communities for example included a higher percentage of significant positive indicator species for biological control than ground or rove beetle communities. Bundles of indicator species for the analysed ecosystem service potentials usually included species that could be linked to the respective ecosystem service based on their functional role in local communities. Several of these species are conspicuous enough to be monitored by trained amateurs and could be used in bundles that are either crucial for the provision of individual ecosystem services or indicate agricultural landscapes with high value for red-listed species or crop yields. The use of bundles of characteristic indicator species for the simultaneous assessment of ecosystem services may reduce the amount of labour, time and cost in future assessments. In addition, future analysis using our framework in other ecosystems or with other subsets of ecosystem services and taxonomic groups will improve our understanding of service-providing species in local communities. In any case, expert knowledge is needed to select species from the identified subsets of significant indicator species and these species should be validated by existing data or additional sampling prior to being used for ecosystem service monitoring.
  •  
14.
  •  
15.
  • Birkhofer, Klaus, et al. (författare)
  • Conventional agriculture and not drought alters relationships between soil biota and functions
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Soil biodiversity constitutes the biological pillars of ecosystem services provided by soils worldwide. Soil life is threatened by intense agricultural management and shifts in climatic conditions as two important global change drivers which are not often jointly studied under field conditions. We addressed the effects of experimental short-term drought over the wheat growing season on soil organisms and ecosystem functions under organic and conventional farming in a Swiss long term trial. Our results suggest that activity and community metrics are suitable indicators for drought stress while microbial communities primarily responded to agricultural practices. Importantly, we found a significant loss of multiple pairwise positive and negative relationships between soil biota and process-related variables in response to conventional farming, but not in response to experimental drought. These results suggest a considerable weakening of the contribution of soil biota to ecosystem functions under long-term conventional agriculture. Independent of the farming system, experimental and seasonal (ambient) drought conditions directly affected soil biota and activity. A higher soil water content during early and intermediate stages of the growing season and a high number of significant relationships between soil biota to ecosystem functions suggest that organic farming provides a buffer against drought effects.
  •  
16.
  • Birkhofer, Klaus, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: Implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 40:9, s. 2297-2308
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organic farming may contribute substantially to future agricultural production worldwide by improving soil quality and pest control, thereby reducing environmental impacts of conventional farming. We investigated in a comprehensive way soil chemical, as well as below and aboveground biological parameters of two organic and two conventional wheat farming systems that primarily differed in fertilization and weed management strategies. Contrast analyses identified management related differences between "herbicide-free" bioorganic (BIOORG) and biodynamic (BIODYN) systems and conventional systems with (CONFYM) or without manure (CONMIN) and herbicide application within a long-term agricultural experiment (DOK trial, Switzerland). Soil carbon content was significantly higher in systems receiving farmyard manure and concomitantly microbial biomass (fungi and bacteria) was increased. Microbial activity parameters, such as microbial basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization, showed an opposite pattern, suggesting that soil carbon in the conventional system (CONFYM) was more easily accessible to microorganisms than in organic systems. Bacterivorous nematodes and earthworms were most abundant in systems that received farmyard manure, which is in line with the responses of their potential food sources (microbes and organic matter). Mineral fertilizer application detrimentally affected enchytraeids and Diptera larvae, whereas aphids benefited. Spider abundance was favoured by organic management, most likely a response to increased prey availability from the belowground subsystem or increased weed coverage. In contrast to most soil-based, bottom-up controlled interactions, the twofold higher abundance of this generalist predator group in organic systems likely contributed to the significantly lower abundance of aboveground herbivore pests (aphids) in these systems. Long-term organic farming and the application of farmyard manure promoted soil quality, microbial biomass and fostered natural enemies and ecosystem engineers, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and pest control. Mineral fertilizers and herbicide application, in contrast, affected the potential for top-down control of aboveground pests negatively and reduced the organic carbon levels. Our study indicates that the use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicide application changes interactions within and between below and aboveground components, ultimately promoting negative environmental impacts of agriculture by reducing internal biological cycles and pest control. On the contrary, organic farming fosters microbial and faunal decomposers and this propagates into the aboveground system via generalist predators thereby increasing conservation biological control. However, grain and straw yields were 23% higher in systems receiving mineral fertilizers and herbicides reflecting the trade-off between productivity and environmental responsibility. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
17.
  • Birkhofer, Klaus, et al. (författare)
  • Relationships between multiple biodiversity components and ecosystem services along a landscape complexity gradient
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 218, s. 247-253
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The assessment of effects of anthropogenic disturbance on biodiversity (BD) and ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships are key priorities of the Intergovernmental Panel for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Agricultural landscapes and their associated BD provide multiple ES and it is crucial to understand how relationships between ES and BD components change along gradients of landscape complexity. In this study, we related eight ES potentials to the species richness of five invertebrate, vertebrate and plant taxonomic groups in cereal farming systems. The landscape complexity gradient ranged from areas dominated by annually tilled arable land to areas with high proportions of unfertilized, non-rotational pastures and uncultivated field borders. We show that after accounting for landscape complexity relationships between yield and bird richness or biological control became more positive, but relationships between bird richness and biological control became less positive. The relationship between bird and plant richness turned from positive to negative. Multidiversity (overall biodiversity), was positively related to landscape complexity, whereas multifunctionality (overall ES provision), was not significantly related to either one of these. Our results suggest that multidiversity can be promoted by increasing landscape complexity; however; we found no support for a simultaneous increase of several individual ES, BD components or multifunctionality. These results challenge the assumption that bio-diversity-friendly landscape management will always simultaneously promote multiple ES in agricultural landscapes. Future studies need to verify this pattern by using multi-year data, larger sets of ES and BD components and a study design that is appropriate to address larger spatial scales and relationships in several regions.
  •  
18.
  • Bracht Jørgensen, Helene, et al. (författare)
  • Life-history traits of soil collembolans in relation to food quality
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393. ; 38:2, s. 146-151
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Preference studies of many different collembolan species have categorised collembolans being selective in their food choice. To clarify whether collembolan food selectivity is related to fitness parameters, three species, Folsomia fimetaria, Protaphorura armata and Heteromurus nitidus, were fed three fungal species, Alternaria infectoria, Mucor hiemalis and Penicillium hordei, representing fungi of high, medium and low preference. The fungal diets were grown on soil and collembolan growth, survival and fecundity were measured. The fungus A. infectoria supported growth, survival and reproduction best in all three species of collembolans, while the fungus P. hordei was of low food quality. M. hiemalis was of medium quality and F. fimetaria was the only collembolan reproducing on M. hiemalis. F. fimetaria favoured reproduction over growth when confined to M. hiemalis. When P. armata was fed M. hiemalis it reached a size where reproduction normally starts, but no young were produced. This suggests that M. hiemalis lacks nutrients necessary for reproduction. H. nitidus did not perform well on any of the fungi offered, which were generally of low food quality for this species. In this study, where the fungal growth substrate is soil, there is a clear relationship between collembolan fitness and their food choice in contrast to some other studies where substrates optimised for fungal growth had been used. We show that specific fungal species are important for resource allocation to growth or reproduction and closely connected with food choice. Further, we argue that natural fungal growth substrates, such as soil, should be used in experiments of this kind.
  •  
19.
  • Bracht Jörgensen, Helene, et al. (författare)
  • Organic amendment and fungal species in combination can alter collembolan fitness
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 65, s. 316-321
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organic material of different origin is commonly used as fertiliser in agricultural practices. Clover and wheat straw are here used to determine the importance of organic amendment for population development of fungal feeding collembolans. Two fungal species, Alternaria infectoria and Mucor hiemalis, were inoculated in three growth substrates, clover amended soil, straw amended soil and non-amended soil, where both amendments and the soil originated from agricultural fields. Food choice as well as growth rate, survival and fecundity of the collembolan, Folsomia fimetaria, were measured when fed fungi grown in the three substrates. The type of amendment altered food quality of the two fungi, which was reflected in the collembolan food preference. Growth and fecundity of F. fimetaria were enhanced when fed M. hiemalis grown in both types of plant amended soils. F. fimetaria had a slightly higher fitness when fed A. infectoria grown in the straw amended soil, whereas it's fitness decreased when fed with A. infectoria grown in clover amended soil. We also examined how the predatory mite, Hypoaspis aculeifer, was attracted towards the two fungi as it uses the fungal odour as a potential cue of a prey habitat. H. aculeifer was attracted to both fungi when they were grown in clover amended soil where fungal growth also was observed to be massive. Thus, we conclude that amendment applications can cause effects that cascade through several trophic levels. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
20.
  • Bracht Jörgensen, Helene, et al. (författare)
  • Selective foraging of fungi by collembolans in soil
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Biology letters. - : The Royal Society. - 1744-9561 .- 1744-957X. ; 1:2, s. 243-246
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Soils contain highly diverse communities of microorganisms and invertebrates. The trophic interactions between these species are largely unknown. Collembolans form an abundant part of the invertebrate community in soils. A prevailing view is that soil collembolans are generalist feeders on fungi, lichens, fragmented litter and bacteria. However, in laboratory food choice experiments, it has been shown that collembolans preferentially select certain taxa of fungi. To examine this apparent contradiction, we developed a molecular technique based on the analysis of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences to explore the diversity of fungi in soils and in the guts of collembolans. We report that the diversity of fungi found in the natural soil was 33 times higher than that in the guts of the collembolan Protaphorura armata. The data support the view that collembolan species can be highly selective when foraging on fungi in soils.
  •  
21.
  • Brady, Mark V., et al. (författare)
  • Roadmap for valuing soil ecosystem services to inform multi-level decision-making in agriculture
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Agricultural soils contribute to human welfare through their generation of manifold ecosystem services such as food security, water quality and climate regulation, but these are degraded by common farming practices. We have developed a roadmap for evaluating the contribution of both private- and public-good ecosystem services generated by agricultural soils to societal welfare. The approach considers the needs of decision-makers at different levels, from farmers to policy-makers. This we achieve through combining production functions-to quantify the impacts of alternative management practices on agricultural productivity and soil ecosystem services-with non-market valuation of changes in public-good ecosystem services and benefit-cost analysis. The results show that the net present value to society of implementing soil-friendly measures are substantial, but negative for farmers in our study region. Although we apply our roadmap to an intensive farming region in Sweden, we believe our results have broad applicability, because farmers do not usually account for the value of public-good ecosystem services. We therefore conclude that market outcomes are not likely to be generating optimal levels of soil ecosystem services from society's perspective. Innovative governance institutions are needed to resolve this market failure to safeguard the welfare of future generations.
  •  
22.
  • Brady, Mark V., et al. (författare)
  • Valuing Supporting Soil Ecosystem Services in Agriculture: A Natural Capital Approach
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Agronomy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0002-1962 .- 1435-0645. ; 107:5, s. 1809-1821
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Soil biodiversity through its delivery of ecosystem functions and attendant supporting ecosystem services-benefits soil organisms generate for farmers-underpins agricultural production. Yet lack of practical methods to value the long-term effects of current farming practices results, inevitably, in short-sighted management decisions. We present a method for valuing changes in supporting soil ecosystem services and associated soil natural capital-the value of the stock of soil organisms-in agriculture, based on resultant changes in future farm income streams. We assume that a relative change in soil organic C (SOC) concentration is correlated with changes in soil biodiversity and the generation of supporting ecosystem services. To quantify the effects of changes in supporting services on agricultural productivity, we fitted production functions to data from long-term field experiments in Europe and the United States. The different agricultural treatments at each site resulted in significant changes in SOC concentrations with time. Declines in associated services are shown to reduce both maximum yield and fertilizer-use efficiency in the future. The average depreciation of soil natural capital, for a 1% relative reduction in SOC concentration, was 144 (sic) ha(-1) (SD 47 (sic) ha(-1)) when discounting future values to their current value at 3%; the variation was explained by site-specific factors and the current SOC concentration. Moreover, the results show that soil ecosystem services cannot be fully replaced by purchased inputs; they are imperfect substitutes. We anticipate that our results will both encourage and make it possible to include the value of soil natural capital in decisions.
  •  
23.
  • Breure, AM, et al. (författare)
  • Ecosystem services: a useful concept for soil policy making!
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3443 .- 1877-3435. ; 4:5, s. 578-585
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper is based on the session ‘Ecosystem services: a useful concept for soil policy making?’ at the Wageningen Applied Soil Conference in September 2011. In that session it was shown from different angles that policy awareness of the dependence of humankind on ecosystem services has resulted in the development of tools for optimal allocation and quantification of ecosystem services and raising awareness to stakeholders and decision makers. A number of case studies provided practical applications of developed tools that show how an ecosystem services approach can work as a way to value ecosystems. The use of ecosystem services may lead to mitigation of soil degradation and at the same time increase production of services both to private land owners as well as to the society as common goods. In our opinion the results available to date show that quantifying the benefits of ecosystems is a way to support the positive view stated in the title and we encourage the development of decision support tools based on more extensive yet user friendly integrated approaches of resource management, sector planning, and priority setting in the near future.
  •  
24.
  • Cong, Ronggang, et al. (författare)
  • Managing soil natural capital: An effective strategy for mitigating future agricultural risks?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-521X .- 1873-2267. ; 129, s. 30-39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Uncontrollable events such as adverse weather and volatile prices present considerable risks for arable farmers. Soil natural capital, which views the capacity of soil biodiversity to generate ecosystem services as a component of farm capital, could be important for the stability and resilience of arable production systems. We investigate therefore whether managing soil natural capital could be an effective strategy for mitigating future agricultural risks. We do this by constructing a dynamic stochastic portfolio model to optimize the stock of soil organic carbon (SOC)—our indicator of soil natural capital—when considering both the risks and returns from farming. SOC is controlled via the spatial and temporal allocation of cash crops and an illustrative replenishing land use. We find that higher soil natural capital buffers yield variance against adverse weather and reduces reliance on external inputs. Managing soil natural capital has therefore the potential to mitigate two serious agricultural risks: energy price shocks and adverse weather events, both of which are likely to be exacerbated in the future due to, e.g., globalization and climate change.
  •  
25.
  • Cortinovis, Chiara, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing Potential for and Benefits of Scaling up Nature-Based Solutions in Malmö
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Innovation in Urban and Regional Planning - Proceedings of the 11th INPUT Conference. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2366-2565 .- 2366-2557. - 9783030969844 ; 242 LNCE, s. 3-11
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While many projects have demonstrated the potential of single Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to contribute to urban climate change adaptation, the challenge now lies in moving from demonstration projects to a full-scale deployment. The aim of this research is to assess the potential for a full-scale implementation of NbS in Malmö (Sweden), and the expected benefits and co-benefits. We developed six scenarios that simulate the current condition, the full-scale implementation of different NbS strategies (i.e., installing extensive green roofs, planting street trees, desealing parking areas, and enhancing vegetation in urban parks), and a combination of them. Then, we assessed the scenarios in terms of heat mitigation, stormwater regulation, carbon storage, biodiversity potential, and overall greenness, using a combination of spatially-explicit methods. Overall, the research reveals that the impacts of scaling up NbS depends on two factors: i) the existing potential to integrate NbS in the urban fabric, and ii) the capacity of each NbS type to deliver benefits in certain conditions.
  •  
26.
  • Cortinovis, Chiara, et al. (författare)
  • Scaling up nature-based solutions for climate-change adaptation : Potential and benefits in three European cities
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667. ; 67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many exemplary projects have demonstrated that Nature-based Solutions (NBS) can contribute to climate change adaptation, but now the challenge is to scale up their use. Setting realistic policy goals requires knowing the amount of different NBS types that can fit in the urban space and the benefits that can be expected. This research aims to assess the potential for a full-scale implementation of NBS for climate-change adaptation in European cities, the expected benefits and co-benefits, and how these quantities relate to the urban structure of the cities. We selected three case studies: Barcelona (Spain), Malmö (Sweden), and Utrecht (the Netherlands), and developed six scenarios that simulate the current condition, the full-scale implementation of different NBS strategies (i.e., installing green roofs, de-sealing parking areas, enhancing vegetation in urban parks, and planting street trees), and a combination of them. Then we applied spatially-explicit methods to assess, for each scenario, two climate change-related benefits, i.e. heat mitigation and stormwater regulation, and three co-benefits, namely carbon storage, biodiversity potential, and overall greenness. Finally, by breaking down the results per land use class, we investigated how the potential and benefits vary depending on the urban form. Most scenarios provide multiple benefits, but each one is characterized by a specific mix. In all cities, a full-scale deployment of green roofs shows the greatest potential to reduce runoff and increase biodiversity, while tree planting -either along streets or in urban parks– produces the greatest impact on heat mitigation and greenness. However, these results entail interventions of different size and in different locations. Planting street trees maximizes interventions in residential areas, but key opportunities for integrating most NBS types also lie in commercial and industrial areas. The results on the pros and cons of each scenario can support policy-makers in designing targeted NBS strategies for climate change adaptation.
  •  
27.
  • Cortinovis, Chiara, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesizing multiple ecosystem service assessments for urban planning. A review of approaches, and recommendations
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Landscape and Urban Planning. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2046. ; 213
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While ecosystem service (ES) assessments become a more and more important source of knowledge, there is a need for synthesis approaches that make the results usable to support decisions. Effective synthesis approaches can reduce the information burden produced by multiple ES assessments and help decision-makers to compare alternative options and to assess their impacts. In this review, we focus on urban planning, one of the main decision-making processes that affect ES in cities, and investigate what synthesis approaches have been applied to support planning decisions. The aim is to identify the options available and to analyze their suitability to different urban planning decisions, thus providing a guidance to potential users. We reviewed 62 studies selected through a search in two literature databases and identified six recurring synthesis approaches: diversity, average, weighted summation, multi-criteria analysis, optimization algorithms, and efficiency indicators; and a limited number of methods developed ad-hoc for specific applications. For each approach, we collected evidence about the appropriateness for different decision-making contexts, the applicability to different ES categories and types of assessment methods, and the occurrence of complementary analyses of ES interactions. Further, we built on the reviewed publications to identify pros and cons, including critical aspects related to the usability of the approaches, such as their complexity, transparency, and the level of stakeholder involvement. Based on the findings, we draw recommendations on how to select suitable synthesis approaches to support different urban planning decisions.
  •  
28.
  • Cronberg, Nils, et al. (författare)
  • Microarthropods mediate sperm transfer in mosses
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 313:5791, s. 1255-1255
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Among flowering plants, animals commonly act as pollinators. We showed that fertile moss shoots attract springtails and mites, which in turn carry moss sperm, thereby enhancing the fertilization process. Previously, fertilization of mosses was thought to depend on the capacity of individual sperm to swim through a continuous water layer. The role of microarthropods in moss fertilization resembles the role of animals as pollinators of flowering plants but may be evolutionarily much older because of the antiquity of the organism groups involved.
  •  
29.
  • De Vries, Franciska T., et al. (författare)
  • Disentangling plant and soil microbial controls on carbon and nitrogen loss in grassland mesocosms
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2745 .- 0022-0477. ; 103:3, s. 629-640
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is well known that plant-soil interactions play an important role in determining the impact of global change phenomena on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Little is known, however, about the individual and relative importance for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling of non-random changes in plant and soil communities that result from global change phenomena, such as fertilization and agricultural intensification. We set up a field-based mesocosm experiment in which we re-inoculated soil with contrasting microbial communities taken from extensively managed and from intensively managed grasslands. In a full-factorial design, we subsequently established plant communities representative of intensively and extensively managed grasslands and imposed a fertilization treatment. We then measured plant biomass and diversity, and leaching of C and N as key measures of C and N loss. We hypothesized that non-random changes in both microbial and plant communities would impact C and N leaching, but via different mechanisms. We predicted that plant communities representative of extensively managed grassland would reduce C and N leaching directly through increased water or N uptake, or indirectly via promoting microbial communities that immobilize C and N, whereas plant communities of intensively managed grassland would have the opposite effect. We also hypothesized that microbial communities of extensively managed grassland would feed back positively to plant diversity and that matching' plant and microbial communities would reduce C and N leaching. We found that both plant and microbial communities from extensively managed grassland reduced C and N leaching, especially when matched'. Plant community effects on C and N leaching operated directly through root C inputs and N uptake, rather than through changes in soil microbial communities. In contrast, microbial communities modified C and N leaching both directly by immobilization and indirectly through modifying plant community composition. Synthesis. Our results show that changes in plant and microbial communities both individually and interactively modify C and N loss from grasslands. Moreover, our results suggest that soil microbial communities typical of extensively managed grassland might counteract, or delay, the negative consequences of fertilization on plant diversity and ecosystem functioning.
  •  
30.
  • de Vries, Franciska T., et al. (författare)
  • Soil food web properties explain ecosystem services across European land use systems
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - Washington, DC : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 110:35, s. 14296-14301
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Intensive land use reduces the diversity and abundance of many soil biota, with consequences for the processes that they govern and the ecosystem services that these processes underpin. Relationships between soil biota and ecosystem processes have mostly been found in laboratory experiments and rarely are found in the field. Here, we quantified, across four countries of contrasting climatic and soil conditions in Europe, how differences in soil food web composition resulting from land use systems (intensive wheat rotation, extensive rotation, and permanent grassland) influence the functioning of soils and the ecosystem services that they deliver. Intensive wheat rotation consistently reduced the biomass of all components of the soil food web across all countries. Soil food web properties strongly and consistently predicted processes of C and N cycling across land use systems and geographic locations, and they were a better predictor of these processes than land use. Processes of carbon loss increased with soil food web properties that correlated with soil C content, such as earthworm biomass and fungal/bacterial energy channel ratio, and were greatest in permanent grassland. In contrast, processes of N cycling were explained by soil food web properties independent of land use, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacterial channel biomass. Our quantification of the contribution of soil organisms to processes of C and N cycling across land use systems and geographic locations shows that soil biota need to be included in C and N cycling models and highlights the need to map and conserve soil biodiversity across the world.
  •  
31.
  • Droste, Nils, et al. (författare)
  • Soil carbon insures arable crop production against increasing adverse weather due to climate change
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 15:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Intensification of arable crop production degrades soil health and production potential through loss of soil organic carbon. This, potentially, reduces agriculture's resilience to climate change and thus food security. Furthermore, the expected increase in frequency of adverse and extreme weather events due to climate change are likely to affect crop yields differently, depending on when in the growing season they occur. We show that soil carbon provides farmers with a natural insurance against climate change through a gain in yield stability and more resilient production. To do this, we combined yield observations from 12 sites and 54 years of Swedish long-term agricultural experiments with historical weather data. To account for heterogenous climate effects, we partitioned the growing season into four representative phases for two major cereal crops. Thereby, we provide evidence that higher soil carbon increases yield gains from favourable conditions and reduces yield losses due to adverse weather events and how this occurs over different stages of the growing season. However, agricultural management practices that restore the soil carbon stock, thus contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation, usually come at the cost of foregone yield for the farmer in the short term. To halt soil degradation and make arable crop production more resilient to climate change, we need agricultural policies that address the public benefits of soil conservation and restoration.
  •  
32.
  • Dänhardt, Juliana, et al. (författare)
  • Ekosystemtjänster i det skånska jordbrukslandskapet
  • 2013
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Jordbrukslandskapet tillhandahåller ekosystemtjänster som utgör förutsättningen för en uthållig jordbruksproduktion och är till nytta för samhället i stort. Bakom dessa finns ekologiska processer som beror av samspel mellan en mångfald av organismer. Skånes jordbruk har genomgått betydande förändringar som förändrat landskapet och livsmiljön för många av dessa. För att bevara och förvalta ekosystemtjänsterna krävs en förståelse för sambanden mellan jordbruk, landskap och ekosystemprocesser. Rapporten beskriver ekologiska processer som ligger till grund för några viktiga ekosystemtjänster i Skånes jordbrukslandskap och visar betydelsen av biologisk mångfald för deras funktion. Där så är möjligt beskrivs hur de kan värderas. Slutligen redovisas praktiska åtgärder som gynnar dem. Rapporten visar att ekosystemtjänster inte enkelt går att ersätta med teknologiska lösningar, utan att förvaltning av dessa tjänster lönar sig. Detta kräver ökad ekologisk kunskap och anpassade styrmedel vilket kräver ökat samråd och regelbunden återkoppling mellan lantbrukare, myndigheter och forskare. Förhoppningen är att rapporten, framtagen av Lunds universitet och Region Skåne, inspirerar till detta!
  •  
33.
  • Elfgren, Lennart, et al. (författare)
  • Tillståndsbedömning av betongbroar
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; 98:7, s. 35-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • En vanlig frågeställning för befintliga broar är deras tillstånd: Har bärförmågan minskat med tiden så att bron behöver repareras eller förstärkas? Eller, är det rentav så att man med bättre beräkningsmetoder kan visa att en bro idag klarar att bära en högre last än den som den ursprungligen dimensionerades för?
  •  
34.
  • Elfstrand, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Carbon routes from decomposing plant residues and living roots into soil food webs assessed with C-13 labelling
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 40:10, s. 2530-2539
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This field experiment investigated how C from fresh organic amendments and from a growing leek crop was allocated into different soil microbial and faunal groups in an arable field. A C-13-enriched red clover green manure was incorporated in one treatment, while the growing leek crop was pulse labelled with (CO2)-C-13 in another. Incorporation of C-13 into microbial fatty acids, micro- and macroarthropods, enchytraeids and earthworms was determined on several occasions during the growing season in order to determine whether different groups or species of microorganisms and fauna were specialised on either the decomposing green manure material or root-derived C. Compound-specific stable isotope ratio analysis showed fatty acid markers of actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria to be more strongly linked to C originating from the decomposing green manure material, whereas the marker for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was more linked to C from the growing leek crop. In contrast, several markers for Gram-negative bacteria were the most C-13-enriched and had incorporated more C-13 than the other phospholipid fatty acids in both treatments, indicating a general dominance irrespective of C source. Most soil fauna seemed to derive their C directly or indirectly from the decomposing plant material, while C from the growing crop appeared to be of secondary importance in this agroecosystem. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
35.
  • Elfstrand, S, et al. (författare)
  • Soil enzyme activities, microbial community composition and function after 47 years of continuous green manuring
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393. ; 35:3, s. 610-621
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Green manuring practices can influence soil microbial community composition and function and there is a need to investigate the influence compared with other types of organic amendment. This study reports long-term effects of green manure amendments on soil microbial properties, based on a field experiment started in 1956. In the experiment, various organic amendments, including green manure, have been applied at a rate of 4 t C ha(-1) every second year. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA) indicated that the biomass of bacteria, fungi and total microbial biomass, but not arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, generally increased due to green manuring compared with soils receiving no organic amendments. Some differences in abundance of different microbial groups were also found compared with other organic amendments (farmyard manure and sawdust) such as a higher fungal biomass and consequently a higher fungal/bacterial ratio compared with amendment with farmyard manure. The microbial community composition (PLFA profile) in the green manure treatment differed from the other treatments, but there was no effect on microbial substrate-utilization potential, determined using the Biolog EcoPlate. Protease and arylsulphatase activities in the green manure treatment were comparable to a mineral fertilized treatment receiving no additional C, whereas acid phosphatase activity increased. It can be concluded that green manuring had a beneficial impact on soil microbial properties, but differed in some aspects to other organic amendments which might be attributed to differences in quality of the amendments.
  •  
36.
  •  
37.
  • Eschen, R, et al. (författare)
  • Carbon addition alters vegetation composition on ex-arable fields
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2664 .- 0021-8901. ; 44:1, s. 95-104
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • 1. Recent changes in European agricultural policy have led to measures to reverse the loss of species-rich grasslands through the creation of new areas on ex-arable land. Ex-arable soils are often characterized by high inorganic nitrogen (N) levels, which lead to the rapid establishment of annual and fast-growing perennial species during the initial phase of habitat creation. The addition of carbon (C) to the soil has been suggested as a countermeasure to reduce plant-available N and alter competitive interactions among plant species. 2. To test the effect of C addition on habitat creation on ex-arable land, an experiment was set up on two recently abandoned fields in Switzerland and on two 6-year-old restoration sites in the UK. Carbon was added as a mixture of either sugar and sawdust or wood chips and sawdust during a period of 2 years. The effects of C addition on soil parameters and vegetation composition were assessed during the period of C additions and 1 year thereafter. 3. Soil nitrate concentrations were reduced at all sites within weeks of the first C addition, and remained low until cessation of the C additions. The overall effect of C addition on vegetation was a reduction in above-ground biomass and cover. At the Swiss sites, the addition of sugar and sawdust led to a relative increase in legume and forb cover and to a decrease in grass cover. The soil N availability, composition of soil micro-organisms and vegetation characteristics continued to be affected after cessation of C additions. 4. Synthesis and applications. The results suggest that C addition in grassland restoration is a useful management method to reduce N availability on ex-arable land. Carbon addition alters the vegetation composition by creating gaps in the vegetation that facilitates the establishment of late-seral plant species, and is most effective when started immediately after the abandonment of arable fields and applied over several years.
  •  
38.
  • Florin, Katarina, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Differentiation And Access to Higher Education
  • 2015
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Differentiation And Access To Higher EducationEducation can be used to create a transition from one status to another, a way to create opportunities for citizens and societies. In this paper our focus is on groups that are created for one reason or another as a burden. There are people in society who are regarded as an expense and something that must be taken care of. A collection of individuals that despite large individual variations are lumped together under a common concept - the group with intellectual disabilities. This group has traditionally been prevented from attend to higher education for many reasons. The most obvious is the notion of an inability to assimilate and utilize higher education although it is generally accepted that there is a large span regarding intellectual capacity in this constructed homogenous group. If we instead choose to view human as beings where intellectuals variations is a rule rather than an exception the obvious question should be: how do we find the fundamental values and sufficient funds to make education a form of transition to best serve all people in a community? Instead the educational systems are created in accordance to current discourses and notions about human beings capacity and abilities that means that the system automatically includes and excludes. The educational system in that sense is a practice, an act in which discursive power is staged (Beronius, M. 1986, Olsson, U. 1997). In Sweden the current educational system does not give pupils diagnosed with intellectual disabilities access to higher education. In a previous paper Florin, K., Hedlund, E. and Akerblom, E. (2014), studied subjects' constructions in a project at the University of Gävle. The project was an experiment in which 14 individuals diagnosed as persons with intellectual disabilities were given the possibility of a three-year education at the University. The project is now depleted and a final report is published. The term “project” itself shows that the education was a test or a trial and not something that initially was assumed to be given in higher education. In this paper our aim is through a discourse analysis study if and how the construction of “the other” legitimize the existent of the project.MethodMethodologically the contribution is based on discourse analysis (Foucault, M. 2003; Foucault, M. 2006). We are interested in how the construction of “the other” legitimizes the existence of the above mentioned project. By using discourse analysis it is possible to visualize the power in words and language and how it is staged in practices (Foucault, M. 1993, 1971). The focus here is not on what the words mean, but what they do (Derrida, J. 1998; Foucault, M. 1993, 1971). Our starting point is that policy bills are an expression and a part of current discourse, that is, manifestations which are made possible in and through discourses, in this case by the construction and the notion of "the other". (Hajer, M.A., 1995; Arts, B. & Van Tatenhove, J., 2005)Expected OutcomesOne expected outcome is that the constructions of the student in the project both legitimize the start and closure of the project. These students are constructed as being beyond what already is portrayed as "the other" e.g. students with dyslexia, cerebral pares, visual impairment, etc. The discourse does not allow the idea that people with intellectual disabilities are a natural part of higher education. Changes in education policy are a dynamic process in a context of interaction between agents and ideas, and in this, a number of problems, solutions and efforts are suggested. A contribution could be to see how different agents create the conditions in the current context that allows or prevents transitions in higher education. Another contribution could be to initiate a discussion about fundamental values and sufficient funds to make education a form of transition to best serve all people in a community.ReferencesArts, B. & Van Tatenhove, J., (2004) Policy and power: A conceptual framework between the old and the ´new´ policy idioms. Policy Science (2004), 37:339-356. Beronius, M. (1986). Den disciplinära maktens organisering- Om makt och arbetsorganisation. Lund: Arkiv avhandlingsserie 23.  Derrida, J. (1998). Of grammatology. (Corrected ed). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Florin, K., Hedlund, E.& Åkerblom, E. (2014). Life long learning for all. (ed.) İbrahim Yalin. International conference on interdisciplinary research in education: New trends in interdisciplinary education. Milano: Icoine. Foucault, M. (1993, 1971). Diskursens ordning Installationsföreläsning vid College De France Översättning Rosengren, M. Stockholm: Brutus Östlings Förlag Symposium, Originalets titel: L’ordre du discours. Foucault, M. (2003). Regementalitet i Fronesis Lag och ordning 14-15 Göteborg: Tidskrift föreningen Fronesis. Foucault, M. (2006). Biopolitikens födelse i Wennerhag, M & Unsgaard (red.) (2006) Fronesis Liberalism  22-23 Göteborg: Tidsskriftsföreningen Fronesis Hajer, M.A., (1995). The politics of Environmental Ddiscourse: Ecological modernization and a Policy Process. Oxford: Oxford university press. Hälsoinspiratörsprojektet (2014) Utveckling av högskoleutbildning för studenter med utvecklingsstörning 2011-1014. Gävle: Institutet för inkludering och optimalt lärande samt Nationella samverkansgruppen för livslångt lärande och arbete för personer med utvecklingsstörning. Olsson, U. (1997). Folkhälsa som pedagogiskt projekt: bilden av hälsoupplysning i statens offentliga utredningar. Uppsala:Uppsala Studies in Education No 72.
  •  
39.
  • Florin, Katarina, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Lifelong learning for all?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: International conference on interdisciplinary research in education.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper is a story about lifelong learning in a Swedish context. The need for lifelong learning is a recurring issue in the political discussions and media reporting. According to Delors (1996), lifelong learning is a prerequisite for modern society. A common way to discuss lifelong learning is to make a difference between formal, informal and non-formal learning. According to Dunn (2003), non-formal learning is about skills, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors that people acquire in their daily lives. We on the other hand believe that all kinds of learning always include the above concepts and that the discussion of lifelong learning is about creating certain subject. Our aim is to visualize desirable subjects through discourse analyze (Foucault,1980). The empirical material consists of curricula and syllabi for a project at the University of Gävle in which individuals with intellectual disabilities are offered education at post-secondary level.
  •  
40.
  • Friberg, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of earthworms and incorporation of grass on Plasmodiophora brassicae
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Pedobiologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1511 .- 0031-4056. ; 52:1, s. 29-39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The resting spores of Plasmodiophora brassicae, causal agent of clubroot disease of crucifers, are tolerant structures with the abitity to survive for at least 15 years in soil waiting for a host. The influence of incorporation of cut grass (Lolium perenne) and presence of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa on R brassicae resting spores was investigated in a microcosm experiment, and measured as disease development in susceptible bait plants (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis). Grass material was incorporated every other month during 498 days of experiment, and soil samples for P brassicae bioassay were collected nine times, just before each incorporation of grass. The grass treatment, irrespective of earthworm presence, resutted in a tower soil pH, increased the proportion of large soil. aggregates and increased the abundance of mites, collembolans and nematodes. The microbial biomass (SIR) was increased by grass incorporation, as a result of an increase in growing microbial biomass. When earthworms were present, the response of the microbial community was more pronounced, and the organic material. was mineralised more efficiently, leading to a higher percentage ash content of the soil. In contrary to these changes, clubroot disease severity did not differ among the treatments at any specific sampling. Across all samplings, however, disease severity was higher in the grass treatment without earthworms compared with the control treatment. The result contradicts earlier studies on earthworm effects on P brassicae. The importance of different earthworm species on the interaction is discussed. (c) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
  •  
41.
  • Gagic, Vesna, et al. (författare)
  • Combined effects of agrochemicals and ecosystem services on crop yield across Europe
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 20:11, s. 1427-1436
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simultaneously enhancing ecosystem services provided by biodiversity below and above ground is recommended to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides and mineral fertilisers in agriculture. However, consequences for crop yield have been poorly evaluated. Above ground, increased landscape complexity is assumed to enhance biological pest control, whereas below ground, soil organic carbon is a proxy for several yield-supporting services. In a field experiment replicated in 114 fields across Europe, we found that fertilisation had the strongest positive effect on yield, but hindered simultaneous harnessing of below- and above-ground ecosystem services. We furthermore show that enhancing natural enemies and pest control through increasing landscape complexity can prove disappointing in fields with low soil services or in intensively cropped regions. Thus, understanding ecological interdependences between land use, ecosystem services and yield is necessary to promote more environmentally friendly farming by identifying situations where ecosystem services are maximised and agrochemical inputs can be reduced.
  •  
42.
  • García-Palacios, Pablo, et al. (författare)
  • Crop traits drive soil carbon sequestration under organic farming
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - Chichester : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 55:5, s. 2496-2505
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Organic farming (OF) enhances top soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in croplands compared with conventional farming (CF), which can contribute to sequester C. As farming system differences in the amount of C inputs to soil (e.g. fertilization and crop residues) are not enough to explain such increase, shifts in crop residue traits important for soil C losses such as litter decomposition may also play a role. To assess whether crop residue (leaf and root) traits determined SOC sequestration responses to OF, we coupled a global meta-analysis with field measurements across a European-wide network of sites. In the meta-analysis, we related crop species averages of leaf N, leaf-dry matter content, fine-root C and N, with SOC stocks and sequestration responses in OF vs. CF. Across six European sites, we measured the management-induced changes in SOC stocks and leaf litter traits after long-term ecological intensive (e.g. OF) vs. CF comparisons. Our global meta-analysis showed that the positive OF-effects on soil respiration, SOC stocks, and SOC sequestration rates were significant even in organic farms with low manure application rates. Although fertilization intensity was the main driver of OF-effects on SOC, leaf and root N concentrations also played a significant role. Across the six European sites, changes towards higher leaf litter N in CF also promoted lower SOC stocks. Our results highlight that crop species displaying traits indicative of resource-acquisitive strategies (e.g. high leaf and root N) increase the difference in SOC between OF and CF. Indeed, changes towards higher crop residue decomposability was related with decreased SOC stocks under CF across European sites. Synthesis and applications. Our study emphasizes that, with management, changes in crop residue traits contribute to the positive effects of organic farming (OF) on soil carbon sequestration. These results provide a clear message to land managers: the choice of crop species, and more importantly their functional traits (e.g. leave and root nitrogen), should be considered in addition to management practices and climate, when evaluating the potential of OF for climate change mitigation.
  •  
43.
  • Gormsen, Dagmar, et al. (författare)
  • Diversity of soil mite communities when managing plant communities on set-aside arable land
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393. ; 31:1-2, s. 147-158
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • When restoring former agricultural land to more low-nutrient input ecosystems, the establishment of a plant community can be enhanced by sowing desirable species. In this study our aim was to determine whether management of the plant community influences the microarthropod community. We carried out a field experiment in three European countries on set-aside arable land and determined soil mites from the sites in Sweden, The Netherlands and Spain. Experimental plots on set-aside arable land were sown with high (15 species) or low (4 species) plant species seed mixtures; other plots were colonized naturally. A field with continued agricultural practices and a later successional site (target site) were used for comparison with the experimental plots. Soil from the later successional site was inoculated into half of the plots. Abandoning agricultural practices increased the density of mites at one site while the number of mite species was not affected. Sowing plant seeds had no effect on mite densities at any of the sites. The community composition of mites changed in response to management of the plant community, as shown by canonical correspondence analysis. Among the functional groups of mites, saprophytes generally dominated on all plots at all sites. Mites parasitic on insects were not present on fields with continued agricultural practice in Sweden and The Netherlands, and might thus be regarded as an indicator of an increase in trophic complexity in the sown and naturally colonized treatments. Predatory and plant parasitic mites showed no consistent pattern in relation to the treatments of the three sites. Soil inoculation treatment had only a minor impact on the soil mite communities.
  •  
44.
  • Gormsen, Dagmar, et al. (författare)
  • Management of plant communities on set-aside land and its effects on earthworm communities
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Soil Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1164-5563. ; 40:3-4, s. 123-128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plant communities of set-aside agricultural land in a European project were managed in order to enhance plant succession towards weed-resistant, mid-successional grassland. Here, we ask if the management of a plant community affects the earthworm community. Field experiments were established in four countries, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK, and the Czech Republic. High (15 plant species) and low diversity (four plant species) seed mixtures were sown as management practice, with natural colonization as control treatment in a randomized block design. The response of the earthworrns to the management was studied after three summers since establishment of the sites. Samples were also taken from plots with continued agricultural practices included in the experimental design and from a site with a late successional plant community representing the target plant community. The numbers and biomass of individuals were higher in the set-aside plots than in the agricultural treatment in two countries out of four. The numbers of individuals at one site (The Netherlands) was higher in the naturally colonized plots than in the sowing treatments, otherwise there were no differences between the treatments. Species diversity was lower in the agricultural plots in one country. The species composition had changed from the initial community of the agricultural field, but was still different from a late successional target community. The worm biomass was positively related to legume biomass in Sweden and to grass biomass in the UK. (C) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
  •  
45.
  • Gormsen, Dagmar, et al. (författare)
  • The influence of collembolans and earthworms on AM fungal mycelium
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Applied Soil Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0929-1393. ; 27:3, s. 211-220
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) mycelia are dependent on contact with plant roots for spore formation. In this study, earthworms and collembolans were regarded as potential dispersal vectors of AM fungal spores and hyphae, and we determined how they influenced the extension of AM fungi from host plant roots. Plantago lanceolata seedlings were grown in a mesh bag with an AM inoculurn of dried soil and root pieces from a set-aside agricultural field. The bag was placed in a growth box that was filled with a mixture of irradiated soil and sand, into which fungal hyphae could grow while roots were retained by the mesh. Three treatments with 15 replicates each were established with an addition of either Lumbricus rubellus, Folsomia candida or no soil fauna into the root-free soil. Five replicates of each treatment were harvested after 6, 10 and 15 weeks. The extension of the AM fungi was determined by measuring PLFA 16:1w5 and NLFA 16:1w5 as signature compounds of AM fungal biomass, spore production and mycorrhizal inoculum potential on P lanceolata seedlings. After 10 weeks, all indicators of AM fungal growth showed that the fungi had extended into the whole growth box. Plant shoot biomass of the host plants was greater in the presence of earthworms than other treatments, and the contents of PLFA 16:1w5 were greater in the earthworm than in the collembolan treatment. The reduced amount of PLFA 18:2w6,9 in the collembolan treatment relative to other treatments suggests that saprophytic fungi provided a food source for the collembolans. Spore production and mycorrhizal inoculurn potential were not affected by the presence of soil fauna. We conclude that the biomass of AM fungi was stimulated by earthworms, but that fungal dispersal over 20 cm was not influenced. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  •  
46.
  • Haddaway, Neal R., et al. (författare)
  • How does tillage intensity affect soil organic carbon? A systematic review
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 6:1
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The loss of carbon (C) from agricultural soils has been, in part, attributed to tillage, a common practice providing a number of benefits to farmers. The promotion of less intensive tillage practices and no tillage (NT) (the absence of mechanical soil disturbance) aims to mitigate negative impacts on soil quality and to preserve soil organic carbon (SOC). Several reviews and meta-analyses have shown both beneficial and null effects on SOC due to no tillage relative to conventional tillage, hence there is a need for a comprehensive systematic review to answer the question: what is the impact of reduced tillage intensity on SOC? Methods: We systematically reviewed relevant research in boreoerate regions using, as a basis, evidence identified within a recently completed systematic map on the impacts of farming on SOC. We performed an update of the original searches to include studies published since the map search. We screened all evidence for relevance according to predetermined inclusion criteria. Studies were appraised and subject to data extraction. Meta-analyses were performed to investigate the impact of reducing tillage [from high (HT) to intermediate intensity (IT), HT to NT, and from IT to NT] for SOC concentration and SOC stock in the upper soil and at lower depths. Results: A total of 351 studies were included in the systematic review: 18% from an update of research published in the 2 years since the systematic map. SOC concentration was significantly higher in NT relative to both IT [1.18 g/kg ± 0.34 (SE)] and HT [2.09 g/kg ± 0.34 (SE)] in the upper soil layer (0-15 cm). IT was also found to be significant higher [1.30 g/kg ± 0.22 (SE)] in SOC concentration than HT for the upper soil layer (0-15 cm). At lower depths, only IT SOC compared with HT at 15-30 cm showed a significant difference; being 0.89 g/kg [± 0.20 (SE)] lower in intermediate intensity tillage. For stock data NT had significantly higher SOC stocks down to 30 cm than either HT [4.61 Mg/ha ± 1.95 (SE)] or IT [3.85 Mg/ha ± 1.64 (SE)]. No other comparisons were significant. Conclusions: The transition of tilled croplands to NT and conservation tillage has been credited with substantial potential to mitigate climate change via C storage. Based on our results, C stock increase under NT compared to HT was in the upper soil (0-30 cm) around 4.6 Mg/ha (0.78-8.43 Mg/ha, 95% CI) over ≥ 10 years, while no effect was detected in the full soil profile. The results support those from several previous studies and reviews that NT and IT increase SOC in the topsoil. Higher SOC stocks or concentrations in the upper soil not only promote a more productive soil with higher biological activity but also provide resilience to extreme weather conditions. The effect of tillage practices on total SOC stocks will be further evaluated in a forthcoming project accounting for soil bulk densities and crop yields. Our findings can hopefully be used to guide policies for sustainable management of agricultural soils.
  •  
47.
  • Haddaway, Neal Robert, et al. (författare)
  • How does tillage intensity affect soil organic carbon? A systematic review protocol
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 5:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Soils contain the greatest terrestrial carbon (C) pool on the planet. Since approximately 12 % of soil C is held in cultivated soils, management of these agricultural areas has a huge potential to affect global carbon cycling; acting sometimes as a sink but also as a source. Tillage is one of the most important agricultural practices for soil management and has been traditionally undertaken to mechanically prepare soils for seeding and minimize effects of weeds. It has been associated with many negative impacts on soil quality, most notably a reduction in soil organic carbon (SOC), although still a matter of considerable debate, depending on factors such as depth of measurement, soil type, and tillage method. No tillage or reduced intensity tillage are frequently proposed mitigation measures for preservation of SOC and improvement of soil quality, for example for reducing erosion. Whilst several reviews have demonstrated benefits to C conservation of no till agriculture over intensive tillage, the general picture for reduced tillage intensity is unclear. This systematic review proposes to synthesise an extensive body of evidence, previously identified through a systematic map. Methods: This systematic review is based on studies concerning tillage collated in a recently completed systematic map on the impact of agricultural management on SOC restricted to the warm temperate climate zone (i.e. boreo-temperate). These 311 studies were identified and selected systematically according to CEE guidelines. An update of the original search will be undertaken to identify newly published academic and grey literature in the time since the original search was performed in September 2013. Studies will be critically appraised for their internal and external validity, followed by full data extraction (meta-data describing study settings and quantitative study results). Where possible, studies will be included in meta-analyses examining the effect of tillage reduction ('moderate' (i.e. shallow) and no tillage relative to 'intensive' tillage methods such as mouldboard ploughing, where soil is turned over throughout the soil profile). The implications of the findings will be discussed in terms of policy, practice and research along with a discussion of the nature of the evidence base.
  •  
48.
  • Haddaway, Neal R., et al. (författare)
  • The benefits of systematic mapping to evidence-based environmental management
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45:5, s. 613-620
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reviews of evidence are a vital means of summarising growing bodies of research. Systematic reviews (SRs) aim to reduce bias and increase reliability when summarising high priority and controversial topics. Similar to SRs, systematic maps (SMs) were developed in social sciences to reliably catalogue evidence on a specific subject. Rather than providing answers to specific questions of impacts, SMs aim to produce searchable databases of studies, along with detailed descriptive information. These maps (consisting of a report, a database, and sometimes a geographical information system) can prove highly useful for research, policy and practice communities, by providing assessments of knowledge gaps (subjects requiring additional research), knowledge gluts (subjects where full SR is possible), and patterns across the research literature that promote best practice and direct research resources towards the highest quality research. Here, we introduce SMs in detail using three recent case studies that demonstrate their utility for research and decision-making.
  •  
49.
  • Haddaway, Neal R., et al. (författare)
  • What are the effects of agricultural management on soil organic carbon in boreo-temperate systems?
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 4
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Soils contain the largest stock of organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems and changes in soil C stocks may significantly affect atmospheric CO2. A significant part of soil C is present in cultivated soils that occupy about 35 % of the global land surface. Agricultural intensification has led to practices that may decrease soil organic carbon (SOC), and agricultural management has the potential to be a powerful tool for climate change mitigation and increased soil fertility through SOC sequestration. Here, we systematically map evidence relating to the impacts of agricultural management on SOC in arable systems of the warm temperate and snow climate zones (subset of temperate and continental climates: Köppen–Geiger Classification). Methods: Seventeen academic citation databases, 3 search engines and 25 organisational websites were searched for literature (academic and grey) using search strings translated into a range of languages relevant to the included geographical scope of the topic. Stakeholders were also contacted with requests for evidence. Bibliographic checking of 127 relevant reviews was undertaken to check for missing articles. Screening for relevance against predefined inclusion criteria was undertaken at title, abstract and full text levels according to a published protocol. All relevant studies were coded in a meta-database describing the citation, study settings, methods and quantitative data available (without extraction of the study findings). A basic critical appraisal of included studies was also performed. A geographical information system (GIS) presenting the map database on a physical, online map was also produced. Results: A total of 735 studies from 553 articles was included in the systematic map database. Studies investigated one or more of five broad categories of interventions: amendments (286 studies), crop rotations (238), fertilisers (307), tillage (306), and multiple interventions (55). Studies were identified from across the includible climate zones, with the notable underrepresentation from Russia. The majority of studies employed only point sampling of SOC, low levels of true spatial replication and moderate study periods (i.e. 10–20 years). Missing key methodological information was found in 28 % of studies. Conclusions: Long-term study sites identified in this map provide a useful addition to existing databases of longterm experiments (LTEs). The identification of knowledge gaps, such as studies from Russia, also identify a need for improved cataloguing or reporting of existing and on-going research. This systematic map database represents a useful resource for decision-makers wishing to identify knowledge gaps warranting further primary research, knowledge gluts warranting further secondary research, and deficiencies and best practice in research methodology. In addition to the systematic map database, we have also produced two further resources: (1) a database of LTE sites investigating agricultural management and SOC, and (2) a database of reviews and meta-analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review or map that utilises a GIS for presentation of an evidence base, which we believe substantially increases the utility of the map outputs.
  •  
50.
  • Haddaway, Neal Robert, et al. (författare)
  • Which agricultural management interventions are most influential on soil organic carbon (using time series data)?
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 5:1
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from agricultural land is identified as one of the major threats to soils, as it influences both fertility and the production of ecosystem services from agriculture. Losses of SOC across regions are often determined by monitoring in different land use systems. Results from agricultural field experiments can reveal increasing SOC stocks after implementation of specific management practices compared to a control, though in time series experiments the relative rate of change is often negative and implying an overall loss. Long-term agricultural field experiments are indispensable for quantifying absolute changes in SOC stocks under different management regimes. Since SOC responses are seldom linear over time, time series data from these experiments are particularly valuable. Methods: This systematic review is based on studies reporting time series data collated in a recently completed systematic map on the topic restricted to the warm temperate climate zone and the snow climate zone. These 53 studies were identified and selected systematically according to CEE guidelines. An update of the original search for studies will be repeated using Web of Science and Google Scholar to include newly published academic and grey literature in the time since the original search was performed in September 2013. Studies will be subject to critical appraisal of the internal and external validity, followed by full data extraction (meta-data describing study settings and quantitative study results). Where possible, studies will be included in a quantitative synthesis using time series meta-analytical approaches. The implications of the meta-analytical findings will be discussed in terms of policy, practice and research along with a discussion of the nature of the evidence base.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 120
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (92)
forskningsöversikt (9)
konferensbidrag (8)
bokkapitel (6)
rapport (4)
annan publikation (1)
visa fler...
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (106)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (10)
populärvet., debatt m.m. (4)
Författare/redaktör
Hedlund, Katarina (108)
Birkhofer, Klaus (15)
Bracht Jørgensen, He ... (13)
Smith, Henrik G. (9)
Williams, Alwyn (9)
Ingimarsdottir, Mari ... (8)
visa fler...
Ahrén, Dag (7)
Kätterer, Thomas (6)
Van der Putten, Wim ... (6)
Thomsen, Ingrid K. (6)
Bommarco, Riccardo (5)
Smith, Henrik (5)
Manoharan, Lokeshwar ... (5)
Olsson, Ola (5)
Hanson, Helena I. (5)
Mortimer, SR (5)
Ripa, Jörgen (4)
Olsson, Pål Axel (4)
Hanson, Helena (4)
Isberg, Per-Erik (4)
Smilauer, P. (4)
Fliessbach, Andreas (4)
Kozjek, Katja (4)
Bardgett, Richard D. (4)
Hall, Marianne (3)
Ekroos, Johan (3)
Roy, J. (3)
Olsson, Peter (3)
Cortinovis, Chiara (3)
Brady, Mark V. (3)
Hedlund, Hans (3)
Lindborg, Regina (3)
Canbäck, Björn (3)
D'Hertefeldt, Tina (3)
Brady, Mark (3)
Wilhelmsson, Fredrik (3)
Stjernman, Martin (3)
Dänhardt, Juliana (3)
van der Putten, W. H ... (3)
van der Putten, WH (3)
Holmstrup, Martin (3)
Bezemer, T Martijn (3)
Kundel, Dominika (3)
Christensen, Soren (3)
Setala, Heikki (3)
de Vries, Franciska ... (3)
Hemerik, Lia (3)
Hotes, Stefan (3)
Brussaard, Lijbert (3)
Kushwaha, Sandeep (3)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Lunds universitet (112)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (24)
Luleå tekniska universitet (3)
Högskolan i Halmstad (3)
Högskolan i Gävle (3)
Umeå universitet (2)
visa fler...
Stockholms universitet (2)
Göteborgs universitet (1)
Uppsala universitet (1)
Naturvårdsverket (1)
Mittuniversitetet (1)
Linnéuniversitetet (1)
Karolinska Institutet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (111)
Svenska (9)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Naturvetenskap (101)
Lantbruksvetenskap (33)
Samhällsvetenskap (9)
Teknik (5)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (2)
Humaniora (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy