| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Aggett, PJ, et al.
(författare)
-
Nondigestible carbohydrates in the diets of infants and young children: A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - Jpgn. - 1536-4801. ; 36:3, s. 329-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The consumption of nondigestible carbohydrates is perceived as beneficial by health professionals and the general public, but the translation of this information into dietary practice, public health recommendations, and regulatory policy has proved difficult. Nondiaestible carbohydrates are a heterogeneous entity, and their definition is problematic. Without a means to characterize the dietary components associated with particular health benefits, specific attributions of these cannot be made. Food labeling for "fiber" constituents can be given only in a general context, and the development of health policy, dietary advice, and education, and informed public understanding of nondigestible carbohydrates are limited. There have, however, been several important developments in our thinking about nondigestible carbohydrates during the past few years. The concept of fiber has expanded to include a range of nondigestible carbohydrates. Their fermentation, fate, and effects in the colon have become a defining characteristic; human milk, hitherto regarded as devoid of nondigestible carbo-hydrates, is now recognized as a source for infants, and the inclusion of nondigestible carbohydrates in the diet has been promoted for their "prebiotic" effects. Therefore, a review of the importance of nondigestible carbohydrates in the diets of infants and young children is timely. The aims of this commentary are to clarify the current definitions of nondigestible carbohydrates, to review published evidence for their biochemical, physiologic, nutritional, and clinical effects, and to discuss issues involved in defining dietary guidelines for infants and young children. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Y, et al.
(författare)
-
Pasteurization of mother's own milk reduces fat absorption and growth in preterm infants.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:10, s. 1445-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: A randomized study was conducted to evaluate whether pasteurized milk (Holder pasteurization 62.5 degrees C, 30 min) reduces fat absorption and growth in preterm infants. Methods: Preterm infants (825-1325 g) born with gestational age
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Axelsson, I, et al.
(författare)
-
[Recommendations for prevention of iron deficiency. Delay cow's milk intake as a beverage to infants until 10-12 months of age!]. : Rekommendationer för att förebygga järnbrist. Vänta med komjölk som dryck tills barnet är 10-12 månader!
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 96:18, s. 2206-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breast-feeding is to be encouraged during the first six months of life. Iron deficiency is extremely rare in exclusively breast-fed infants during this period. Any cow-milk based formula used should be iron-fortified. During the second half of infancy, the iron content of weaning foods is important in preventing iron deficiency. Indeed, owing to the low iron content of dairy products, it is hard to compose a weaning diet sufficiently rich in iron to meet the demands of rapidly growing infants, if it is to include substantial amounts of cow milk, sour milk or yoghurt. Accordingly, the Paediatric Committee on Nutrition and Health, of the Swedish Paediatric Association and the National Food Administration, recommend delaying the introduction of cow's milk and cow-milk products until the infant is 10-12 months of age. Until then, breast-feeding, and the use of iron-fortified formula or gruel with modified protein and sodium content are encouraged; iron-fortified porridges of softer consistency can be prepared to circumvent the need of extra fluids, or porridge can be served with breast milk or iron-fortified formula; small amounts of milk may be used for cooking purposes.
|
|
| 11. |
- Axelsson, I, et al.
(författare)
-
[The AD-drops can be replaced by D-drops]. : AD-dropparna kan ersättas med D-droppar
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 96:18, s. 2200-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1932, when vitamin A and D supplementation, in the form of cod liver oil, was introduced in Sweden, rickets has been a rare diagnosis among Swedish infants. In 1978, the National Board of Health and Welfare issued recommendations of daily supplementation with 300 micrograms (1000 IU) of vitamin A and 10 micrograms (400 IU) of vitamin D. This has recently been under review by the Paediatric Committee on Nutrition and Health, of the Swedish Paediatric Association and the National Food Administration, who concluded that there is no reason to retain vitamin A supplementation, but that vitamin D supplementation should continue to be recommended at the same daily dose (400 IU).
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Bjorksten, B, et al.
(författare)
-
Is allergy a preventable disease?
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Advances in experimental medicine and biology. - Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0065-2598. ; 478, s. 109-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Hernell, O, et al.
(författare)
-
Is iron deficiency in infants and young children common in Scandinavia and is there a need for enforced primary prevention?
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - 0803-5253. ; 93:8, s. 1024-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant problem in diagnosing infants and young children with iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is that it is not clear how the biochemical markers used correspond to physiological outcomes such as growth, neurodevelopment and morbidity. Thus, the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children is difficult to assess and therefore not really known. Recent studies have shown that iron metabolism is subjected to developmental changes during infancy, which affect indicators of iron status. Hence, better defined cut-off values for the indicators used are needed and, in particular, how they are correlated to functional outcomes.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Li, X, et al.
(författare)
-
Expression of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue
- 2004
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 28:3, s. 352-356
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In the current study, we addressed the question if there is depot-specific expression of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 (cIAP2) already in childhood and if the relative expression changes with age in parallel with increasing risk of developing visceral adiposity. SUBJECTS: Paired samples of human omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue were obtained from 23 patients (12 children and 11 adults). METHOD: mRNA level of cIAP2 was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein expression confirmed by Western blotting. Apoptosis indices were determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick-end labelling (TUNEL). RESULTS: cIAP2 mRNA was 1.51-fold higher in OM compared with SC adipose tissue (OM>SC in 20 of 23 subjects; P<0.001). Western blots were in agreement with mRNA expression (OM>SC in nine of 10 subjects, P<0.01). Subgroup analyses showed depot difference in both children (P<0.01) and adults (P<0.05). Contrary to the hypothesis, depot-specific difference in mRNA expression of cIAP2 was significantly higher in children compared with adults (P<0.05). We were unable to demonstrate any difference in the basal apoptosis rate between adipocytes from the two depots. There was no significant association between cIAP2 mRNA expression and BMI or sex. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated for the first time that depot-specific difference in cIAP2 expression is consistent in children and adults. This suggests that the higher expression of cIAP2 in OM than in SC adipose tissue may be due to inherent properties of cells from the two depots. The more pronounced depot-specific difference in children than in adults may reflect a net gain in visceral adipose tissue during growth.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Przyrembel, Hildegard, et al.
(författare)
-
From innovation to implementation.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Adv Exp Med Biol. - 0065-2598. ; 569, s. 49-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Requirements for the safety and nutritional adequacy of infant formula are set by legislation and aim for the best possible substitute for human milk with regard to growth, development and biological effects. This is, however, a continuous process and has to be supported by science-driven innovative activities of manufacturers and be confirmed by adequate clinical studies performed according to agreed standards.
|
|
| 32. |
- Skolin, I., et al.
(författare)
-
Energy and nutrient intake and nutritional status of children with malignant disease during chemotherapy after the introduction of new mealtime routines
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 15:1, s. 82-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previous study at the Paediatric Haematology and Oncology unit at the University hospital of Northern Sweden, Uneå, showed that children with malignant disease had an average daily energy intake below that recommended, and negative weight development after start of chemotherapy. New mealtime routines were introduced. During 7 months in 1995–1996, 11 consecutive children, 2–15 yrs of age, participated in prospective dietary recording for21 consecutive days during their first induction therapy. Daily energy and macronutrient intakes were related to the recommended daily intakes (RDIs) according to the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations, (SNR). ANthropometric data were expressed as SD-score and related to National Centre for Wealth Statistics (NCHS) growth curves. The average daily oral energy intake during days spent at the hospital was 63% of RDI and thus still lower than that recommended. Inclusion of enteral and parenteral nutrition support increased the average daily energy intake to 88% of RDI. After an initial weight loss, a catch-up was seen at 6 months.
|
|
| 33. |
- Skolin, I., et al.
(författare)
-
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children with malignant disease
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. - 1043-4542 .- 1532-8457. ; 19:5, s. 154-163
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to assess both the possible complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in pediatric cancer patients and its effect on weight development. The medical records of 18 children with a median age of 2.5 years (range, 0.5-14.2 years) were reviewed. The diagnoses were leukemia, central nervous system tumors, solid tumors, and lymphoma. The indications for PEG were anticipated therapy-related nutritional problems and inadequate food intake, weight loss, swallowing problems in relation to paresis of the pharynx, and relapse of the disease. Ten children received a PEG at treatment start, and eight children received it at a median time of 3.4 months (range, 0.9-27.4 months) after treatment start. The median duration of having a PEG in place was 12.3 months (range, 1.2-24.0 months). At admission the median weight for age expressed as standard deviation (SD) was -0.11 (range, -2.78-2.68). There was a significant (p =.005) decrease in the median SD from admission until PEG installation. There was also a significant increase in the median SD from the start of PEG use until 1 (p =.04) and 2 (p =.039) months after start. The most common complications were episodes of inflammation of the PEG site, which were successfully treated with topically or orally administered antibiotics, and episodes of infection, which required intravenously administered antibiotics. Taking into consideration the medical condition of the children in the study group and the considerable length of time with a PEG in place, we believe that nutrition via PEG in children with cancer has several advantages and is rarely associated with other than minor complications. Copyright 2002 by Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Tennefors, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
-
Total energy expenditure and physical activity level in healthy young Swedish children 9 or 14 months of age
- 2003
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 57:5, s. 647-653
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To measure total energy expenditure (TEE) and total body water (TBW) in healthy Swedish children 9 or 14 months of age. To compare their TEE with current recommendations for energy intake. To define their body composition and relate this to energy expenditure.Design: Children were investigated at 9 or 14 months. The following variables were measured: TEE and TBW (by the doubly labelled water method), weight and length. Total body fat (TBF), sleeping metabolic rate, activity energy expenditure and physical activity level (PAL) were calculated.Subjects: Thirty infants 9 months of age and 29 children 14 months of age.Results: TEE was 32338, 32229, 31323 and 33128 kJ/kg/day in 9-month-old girls, 9-month-old boys, 14-month-old girls and 14-month-old boys, respectively. At 9 months of age girls and boys contained 29.64.8 and 29.74.5% TBF, respectively. At 14 months the corresponding figures were 29.14.3 and 28.24.3%. There was a significant negative relationship between PAL and %TBF (r=-0.81, P<0.001, n=59).Conclusions: Measured TEE plus calculated energy cost of growth confirm previous estimates that the physiological energy requirements of children 9 and 14 months of age are 15–20% lower than current recommendations for energy intake. One possible interpretation of the relationship between PAL and %TBF is that children with a high TBF content are less physically active than children with less TBF. However, this relationship needs further studies.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Wernersson, Josephine, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of human milk on adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite in vitro
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Caries Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 40:5, s. 412-417
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adhesion of bacteria to pellicle-coated tooth surfaces is the first step in biofilm formation on teeth. The aim of this study was to explore whether human milk prevents or promotes adhesion of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) using an in vitro model system. S. mutans binding to HA coated with human parotid saliva (s-HA) or human milk was studied, in addition to binding inhibition to s-HA by human milk. S. mutans did not bind to HA coated with milk. S. mutans binding to s-HA was inhibited by milk from 15 (71 %) of 21 women, whereas milk from the remaining 6 mothers enhanced binding of S. mutans to s-HA. Inhibition of S. mutans binding correlated with bacterial binding to s-HA (r = 0.76). Human milk does not mediate adhesion of S. mutans to HA in vitro, but affects adhesion in an individually varying fashion. Phenotypic variations in milk and saliva glycosylation may explain the inhibitory capacity and possibly affect susceptibility to colonization by S. mutans in childhood. Copyright 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
