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| 2. |
- Båth, Magnus, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Nodule detection in digital chest radiography: effect of anatomical noise.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 114:1-3, s. 109-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The image background resulting from imaged anatomy can be divided into those components that are meaningful to the observers, in the sense that they are recognised as separate structures, and those that are not. These latter components (reffered to as anatomical noise) can be removed using a method developed within the RADIUS group. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the removal of the anatomical noise results in images where lung nodules with lower contrast can be detected. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study was therefore conducted using two types of images: clinical chest images and chest images in which the anatomical noise had been removed. Simulated designer nodules with a full-width-at-fifth-maximum of 10 mm but with varying contrast were added to the images. The contrast needed to obtain an area under the ROC curve of 0.80, C0.8, was used as a measure of detectability (a low value of C0.8 represents a high detectability). Five regions of the chest X ray were investigated and it was found that in all regions the removal of anatomical noise led to images with lower C0.8 than the original images. On average, C0.8 was 20% higher in the original images, ranging from 7% (the lateral pulmonary regions) to 41% (the upper mediastinal regions).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Giussani, Augusto, et al.
(författare)
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A Compartmental Model for Biokinetics and Dosimetry of 18F-Choline in Prostate Cancer Patients
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 2159-662X. ; 53:6, s. 985-993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PET with F-18-choline (F-18-FCH) is used in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and its recurrences. In this work, biodistribution data from a recent study conducted at Skane University Hospital Malmo were used for the development of a biokinetic and dosimetric model. Methods: The biodistribution of F-18-FCH was followed for 10 patients using PET up to 4 h after administration. Activity concentrations in blood and urine samples were also determined. A compartmental model structure was developed, and values of the model parameters were obtained for each single patient and for a reference patient using a population kinetic approach. Radiation doses to the organs were determined using computational (voxel) phantoms for the determination of the S factors. Results: The model structure consists of a central exchange compartment (blood), 2 compartments each for the liver and kidneys, 1 for spleen, 1 for urinary bladder, and 1 generic compartment accounting for the remaining material. The model can successfully describe the individual patients' data. The parameters showing the greatest interindividual variations are the blood volume (the clearance process is rapid, and early blood data are not available for several patients) and the transfer out from liver (the physical half-life of F-18 is too short to follow this long-term process with the necessary accuracy). The organs receiving the highest doses are the kidneys (reference patient, 0.079 mGy/MBq; individual values, 0.033-0.105 mGy/MBq) and the liver (reference patient, 0.062 mGy/MBq; individual values, 0.036-0.082 mGy/MBq). The dose to the urinary bladder wall of the reference patient varies between 0.017 and 0.030 mGy/MBq, depending on the assumptions on bladder voiding. Conclusion: The model gives a satisfactory description of the biodistribution of F-18-FCH and realistic estimates of the radiation dose received by the patients.
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| 6. |
- Giussani, Augusto, et al.
(författare)
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Training activities on radiation protection in nuclear medicine in the frame of the EURATOM FP7 collaborative project MADEIRA
- 2011
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Ingår i: Radiation Measurements. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0925 .- 1350-4487. ; 46:11, s. 1310-1314
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- MADEIRA was a Collaborative Project cofunded by the European Commission through the EURATOM Seventh Research Framework Programme. It was structured into four scientific work packages, and its aim was to optimize the efficacy and safety of 3D functional imaging in nuclear medicine and thereby to reduce the radiation exposures of the patients while keeping or even improving the quality of the diagnostic information. Additionally, a fifth work package was dedicated to training and dissemination activities, including the organization of specific training courses, as well as research exchange programs for young scientists. This manuscript summarizes the experience gained during the Training Courses, in particular the one devoted to aspects of radiation protection in nuclear medicine. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Loose, Reinhard, et al.
(författare)
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The use of dose management systems in Europe : results of an ESR EuroSafe imaging questionnaire
- 2024
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Ingår i: Insights into Imaging. - 1869-4101. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dose management systems (DMS) are an essential tool for quality assurance and optimising patient radiation exposure. For radiologists and medical physicists, they are important for managing many radiation protection tasks. In addition, they help fulfil the requirements of Directive 2013/59/EURATOM regarding the electronic transmission of dosimetric data and the detection of unintended patient exposures. The EuroSafe Imaging Clinical Dosimetry and Dose Management Working Group launched a questionnaire on the use of DMS in European member states and analysed the results in terms of modalities, frequency of radiological procedures, involvement of medical physics experts (MPEs), legal requirements, and local issues (support by information technology (IT), modality interfaces, protocol mapping, clinical workflow, and associated costs).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Mattsson, Sören, et al.
(författare)
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Special issue: Medical imaging--optimisation in X-ray and molecular imaging.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Radiation protection dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1742-3406 .- 0144-8420. ; 139:1-3, s. 1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This issue of Radiation Protection Dosimetry is based on contributions to the Third Malmö Conference on Medical Imaging, which was held from 25 to 27 June 2009 at the Malmö University Hospital, Sweden. The conference was jointly organised by members of current and former research projects supported by the European Commission EURATOM-Radiation Protection Research Programme.
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| 10. |
- Rainford, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Education and training in radiation protection in Europe : an analysis from the EURAMED rocc-n-roll project
- 2022
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Ingår i: Insights into Imaging. - : Springer. - 1869-4101. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis was performed to understand the status quo of education and training in radiation protection (RP) and to develop a coordinated European approach to RP training needs based on stakeholder consensus and existing activities in the field. Fourteen team members represented six European professional societies, one European voluntary organisation, two international healthcare organisations and five professions, namely: Medical Physicists; Nuclear Medicine Physicians; Radiologists; Radiation Oncologists and Radiographers. Four subgroups analysed the "Strengths", "Weaknesses", "Opportunities" and "Threats" related to E&T in RP developed under previous European Union (EU) programmes and on the Guidelines on Radiation Protection Education and Training of Medical Professionals in the EU.Results: Consensus agreement identified four themes for strengths and opportunities, namely: (1) existing structures and training recommendations; (2) RP training needs assessment and education & training (E&T) model(s) development; (3) E&T dissemination, harmonisation, and accreditation; (4) financial supports. Weaknesses and Threats analysis identified two themes: (1) awareness and prioritisation at a national/global level and (2) awareness and prioritisation by healthcare professional groups and researchers.Conclusions: A lack of effective implementation of RP principles in daily practice was identified. EuRnR strategic planning needs to consider processes at European, national and local levels. Success is dependent upon efficient governance structures and expert leadership. Financial support is required to allow the stakeholder professional agencies to have sufficient resources to achieve a pan European radiation protection training network which is sustainable and accredited across multiple national domains.
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| 11. |
- Santos, Joana, et al.
(författare)
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Education and training in radiation protection in Europe : results from the EURAMED Rocc-n-Roll project survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: Insights into Imaging. - : Springer. - 1869-4101. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To analyse the existing radiation protection (RP) education and training (E&T) capabilities in the European Union and identify associated needs, problems and challenges.Method: An online survey was disseminated via the EURAMED Rocc-n-Roll consortium network and prominent medical societies in the field of radiological research. The survey sections analyse the RP E&T during undergraduate, residency/internship and continuous professional development; RP E&T problems and legal implementation. Differences were analysed by European geographic regions, profession, years of professional experience and main area of practice/research.Results: The majority of the 550 respondents indicated that RP topics are part of undergraduate curricula in all courses for their profession and country (55%); however, hands-on practical training is not included according to 30% of the respondents. The lack of E&T, practical aspects in current E&T, and mandatory continuing E&T were considered the major problems. The legal requirement that obtained higher implementation score was the inclusion of the practical aspects of medical radiological procedures on education (86%), and lower score was obtained for the inclusion of RP E&T on medical and dental school curriculums (61%).Conclusions: A heterogeneity in RP E&T during undergraduate, residency/internship and continuous professional development is evident across Europe. Differences were noted per area of practice/research, profession, and European geographic region. A large variation in RP E&T problem rating was also obtained.
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| 12. |
- Söderberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of adaptation strengths of CARE Dose 4D in pediatric CT
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2013: Physics of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE. - 1996-756X .- 0277-786X. - 9780819494429 ; 8668, s. 866833-866833
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The motivation of this study is the general lack of knowledge regarding the efficiency and the appropriate use of the adaptation strengths of Siemens automatic exposure control system CARE Dose 4D. The purpose was to evaluate the effect on radiation absorbed dose using different adaptation strengths of CARE Dose 4D in three routine pediatric CT protocols. A pediatric anthropomorphic whole body phantom was used to simulate a 4 year old patient. CT scans were performed with a Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash using three different pediatric protocols: neck, thorax, and abdomen. The characteristic of the tube current modulation was similar for all adaptation strengths. The difference is the extent of decrease in tube current. The degree of dose reduction using CARE Dose 4D and CARE kV compared using a fix effective mAs was 34-57%, 51-88%, and 56-91% for neck, thorax, and abdomen protocol, respectively. Accordingly, there is a large difference in radiation dose dependent on the adaptation strength: a factor of 1.5, 4.5, and 4.6 for neck, thorax, and abdomen protocol, respectively. The adaptation strengths can be used to obtain user-specified modifications of image quality or radiation dose to the patient. Radiologists and medical physicists need to be aware of the large differences between the adaptation strengths, and such differences are useful when attempting strategies to optimize CT radiation dose.
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| 13. |
- Tavola, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear compartmental model of F-18-choline
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9614 .- 0969-8051. ; 39:2, s. 261-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This work develops a compartmental model of F-18-choline in order to evaluate its biokinetics and so to describe the temporal variation of the radiopharmaceuticals' uptake in and clearance from organs and tissues. Methods: Ten patients were considered in this study. A commercially available tool for compartmental analysis (SAAM II) was used to model the values of activity concentrations in organs and tissues obtained from PET images or from measurements of collected blood and urine samples. Results: A linear compartmental model of the biokinetics of the radiopharmaceutical was initially developed. It features a central compartment (blood) exchanging with organs. The structure describes explicitly liver, kidneys, spleen, blood and urinary excretion. The linear model tended to overestimate systematically the activity in the liver and in the kidney compartments in the first 20 min post-administration. A nonlinear process of kinetic saturation was considered, according to the typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Therefore nonlinear equations were added to describe the flux of 18F-choline from blood to liver and from blood to kidneys. The nonlinear model showed a tendency for improvement in the description of the activity in liver and kidneys, but not for the urine. Conclusions: The simple linear model presented is not able to properly describe the biokinetics of 18F-choline as measured in prostatic cancer patients. The introduction of nonlinear kinetics, although based on physiologically plausible assumptions, resulted in nonsignificant improvements of the model predictive power. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Vano, Eliseo, et al.
(författare)
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Notifications and alerts in patient dose values for computed tomography and fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 32, s. 5525-5531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The terms "notifications" and "alerts" for medical exposures are used by several national and international organisations. Recommendations for CT scanners have been published by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Some interventional radiology societies as well as national authorities have also published dose notifications for fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures. Notifications and alerts may also be useful for optimisation and to avoid unintended and accidental exposures. The main interest in using these values for high-dose procedures (CT and interventional) is to optimise imaging procedures, reducing the probability of stochastic effects and avoiding tissue reactions. Alerts in X-ray systems may be considered before procedures (as in CT), during procedures (in some interventional radiology systems), and after procedures, when the patient radiation dose results are known and processed. This review summarises the different uses of notifications and alerts to help in optimisation for CT and for fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures as well as in the analysis of unintended and accidental medical exposures. The paper also includes cautions in setting the alert values and discusses the benefits of using patient dose management systems for the alerts, their registry and follow-up, and the differences between notifications, alerts, and trigger levels for individual procedures and the terms used for the collective approach, such as diagnostic reference levels.Key points:• Notifications and alerts on patient dose values for computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures (FGIP) allow to improve radiation safety and contribute to the avoidance of radiation injuries and unintended and accidental exposures.• Alerts may be established before the imaging procedures (as in CT) or during and after the procedures as for FGIP.• Dose management systems should include notifications and alerts and their registry for the hospital quality programmes.
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| 15. |
- Wang, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Science and practice of imaging physics through 50 years of SPIE Medical Imaging conferences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 2329-4302 .- 2329-4310. ; 9:S1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: For 50 years now, SPIE Medical Imaging (MI) conferences have been the premier forum for disseminating and sharing new ideas, technologies, and concepts on the physics of MI. Approach: Our overarching objective is to demonstrate and highlight the major trajectories of imaging physics and how they are informed by the community and science present and presented at SPIE MI conferences from its inception to now. Results: These contributions range from the development of image science, image quality metrology, and image reconstruction to digital x-ray detectors that have revolutionized MI modalities including radiography, mammography, fluoroscopy, tomosynthesis, and computed tomography (CT). Recent advances in detector technology such as photon-counting detectors continue to enable new capabilities in MI. Conclusion: As we celebrate the past 50 years, we are also excited about what the next 50 years of SPIE MI will bring to the physics of MI.
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