| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
|
|
| 4. |
- Campbell, PJ, et al.
(författare)
-
Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 578:7793, s. 82-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale1–3. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4–5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter4; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation5,6; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution7; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity8,9; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes8,10–18.
|
|
| 5. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 6. |
- Xie, Jiaying, et al.
(författare)
-
STING activation in TET2-mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells contributes to the increased self-renewal and neoplastic transformation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Nature. - 0887-6924 .- 1476-5551. ; 37:12, s. 2457-2467
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Somatic loss-of-function mutations of the dioxygenase Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) occur frequently in individuals with clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These common hematopoietic disorders can be recapitulated in mouse models. However, the underlying mechanisms by which the deficiency in TET2 promotes these disorders remain unclear. Here we show that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is activated to mediate the effect of TET2 deficiency in dysregulated hematopoiesis in mouse models. DNA damage arising in Tet2-deficient hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) leads to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway which in turn promotes the enhanced self-renewal and development of CH. Notably, both pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of STING suppresses Tet2 mutation-induced aberrant hematopoiesis. In patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, STING inhibition specifically attenuates the proliferation of leukemia cells from TET2-mutated individuals. These observations suggest that the development of CH associated with TET2 mutations is powered through chronic inflammation dependent on the activated cGAS-STING pathway and that STING may represent a potential target for intervention of relevant hematopoietic diseases.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andreyev, A. N., et al.
(författare)
-
α decay of the neutron-deficient isotope 190At
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985. ; 108:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The α decay of the neutron-deficient 190At isotope was observed following the 103Rh(90Zr,3n)190At reaction at Argonne National Laboratory. The reaction products were separated from the beam using the Argonne Gas-Filled Analyzer and implanted into a double-sided Si strip detector. The spatial and temporal correlations between implanted nuclei and subsequent α decays towards the known daughter isotope 186Bi were used to identify and characterize 190At nuclei. Two possible decay scenarios are proposed for the 190At→186Bi decay.
|
|
| 8. |
- Cossarizza, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 49:10, s. 1457-1973
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
|
|
| 9. |
- Huang, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
-
Recurrent chromosome reshuffling and the evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in parrots
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parrots have undergone substantial karyotype evolution compared to most other birds. Here, Huang et al. analyze chromosome-level genome assemblies for four parrot species and elucidate the complex evolutionary history of parrot chromosomes. The karyotype of most birds has remained considerably stable during more than 100 million years' evolution, except for some groups, such as parrots. The evolutionary processes and underlying genetic mechanism of chromosomal rearrangements in parrots, however, are poorly understood. Here, using chromosome-level assemblies of four parrot genomes, we uncover frequent chromosome fusions and fissions, with most of them occurring independently among lineages. The increased activities of chromosomal rearrangements in parrots are likely associated with parrot-specific loss of two genes, ALC1 and PARP3, that have known functions in the repair of double-strand breaks and maintenance of genome stability. We further find that the fusion of the ZW sex chromosomes and chromosome 11 has created a pair of neo-sex chromosomes in the ancestor of parrots, and the chromosome 25 has been further added to the sex chromosomes in monk parakeet. Together, the combination of our genomic and cytogenetic analyses characterizes the complex evolutionary history of chromosomal rearrangements and sex chromosomes in parrots.
|
|
| 10. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
|
|
| 11. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
-
The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
|
|
| 12. |
- Liang, Jiamin, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis of Zr2Al3C4 coatings on zirconium-alloy substrates with Al-C/Si interlayers as diffusion barriers
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Vacuum. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0042-207X .- 1879-2715. ; 160, s. 128-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zr2Al3C4 coatings are potential candidates to prevent claddings of traditional Zr-based alloys from severe oxidation in water steam at high temperature. However, the diffusion of aluminum between coating and substrates at high temperature results in a coating composition deviating from the compositional domain for formation of the Zr2Al3C4 phase. Thus, synthesis of Zr2Al3C4 coatings on zirconium-alloy substrates is challenging. Here, we report that the Zr2Al3C4 phase can be obtained on zirconium alloy (ZIRLO) substrates where an Al-C/Si interlayer deposited by magnetron sputtering is introduced. The Al-C/Si interlayer prevented elemental diffusion of aluminum between the Zr-Al-C coating and the substrates during a post-annealing process at 800 degrees C for 3 h. The Al/Zr ratio of the Zr-Al-C coating after annealing was 0.96 and 0.59 in the cases of with and without Al-C/Si interlayer, respectively. Hence, the Al-C/Si interlayer acts as diffusion barrier and greatly decreases the deviation from the standard stoichiometric ratio of the Zr2Al3C4 phase, which facilitates the formation of the Zr2Al3C4 phase in the final coating.
|
|
| 13. |
- Qu, Xueqi, et al.
(författare)
-
Socio-emotional challenges and development of children left behind by migrant mothers.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of global health. - : International Global Health Society. - 2047-2986 .- 2047-2978. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With great economic development and rapid urbanization in China, left-behind children whose parents migrate to big cities for job has become a large special population which requires more attention. The present study aims to explore the specific influence of migrant mothers on early child development, especially on social-emotional problems.The data of this study was obtained from a cross-sectional study in 8 counties of central and western rural China. Development status of 1880 children aged <60 months were assessed by Ages & Stages Questionnaire-Chinese Edition (ASQ) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional-Chinese Edition (ASQ: SE). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between being left behand by migrant mothers and developmental problems in various domains, while adjusting socio-demographic, socio-economic and perinatal co-variates, and effect modification analysis were conducted to explore the effect of age, gender and birth order.Children left behind by migrant mothers were more likely to have overall suspected developmental delay (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.35), developmental delay in personal social domain (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.17-2.04) and socio-emotional delay compared with those living with their own mothers (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.11-2.00) after adjusting for potential confounders. Additionally, girls increased the odds of social-emotional problems among children being left behind by migrating mother (P for interaction = 0.037).The study concluded that children left behind by migrant mothers were more likely to have suspected developmental delay compared with their peers living with mothers, especially on social emotional development. Future intervention is needed for this special population and should pay more attention to girls.
|
|
| 14. |
- You, Xiaohu, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards 6G wireless communication networks: vision, enabling technologies, and new paradigm shifts
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Science China Information Sciences. - : Science Press. - 1674-733X .- 1869-1919. ; 64:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks are being deployed worldwide from 2020 and more capabilities are in the process of being standardized, such as mass connectivity, ultra-reliability, and guaranteed low latency. However, 5G will not meet all requirements of the future in 2030 and beyond, and sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks are expected to provide global coverage, enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency, better intelligence level and security, etc. To meet these requirements, 6G networks will rely on new enabling technologies, i.e., air interface and transmission technologies and novel network architecture, such as waveform design, multiple access, channel coding schemes, multi-antenna technologies, network slicing, cell-free architecture, and cloud/fog/edge computing. Our vision on 6G is that it will have four new paradigm shifts. First, to satisfy the requirement of global coverage, 6G will not be limited to terrestrial communication networks, which will need to be complemented with non-terrestrial networks such as satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication networks, thus achieving a space-air-ground-sea integrated communication network. Second, all spectra will be fully explored to further increase data rates and connection density, including the sub-6 GHz, millimeter wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz), and optical frequency bands. Third, facing the big datasets generated by the use of extremely heterogeneous networks, diverse communication scenarios, large numbers of antennas, wide bandwidths, and new service requirements, 6G networks will enable a new range of smart applications with the aid of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technologies. Fourth, network security will have to be strengthened when developing 6G networks. This article provides a comprehensive survey of recent advances and future trends in these four aspects. Clearly, 6G with additional technical requirements beyond those of 5G will enable faster and further communications to the extent that the boundary between physical and cyber worlds disappears.
|
|
| 15. |
- Zhou, Hong, et al.
(författare)
-
Relationship between moderate to late preterm, diet types and developmental delay in less-developed rural China.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nutritional neuroscience. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1476-8305 .- 1028-415X. ; 25:1, s. 70-79
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To measure the development of moderate to late preterm children by Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) and explore the relationship between moderate to late preterm, diet types and development delay in less-developed rural China.Methods: Data were collected from a cross-sectional community-based survey, which recruited 1748 children aged 1-59 months in eight counties of China. Caregivers of these children completed the Chinese version of ASQ-3 (ASQ-C) while physical examination and questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics were conducted. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between moderate to late preterm and suspected developmental delay, as well as the association between diet types and suspected developmental delay. Consumption of certain food types was compared between moderate to late preterm and full-term children.Results: The prevalence of suspected overall developmental delay was 31.3% in the moderate to the late preterm group, compared with 21.6% in the full-term group. Moderate to late preterm birth was not associated with total suspected developmental delay and developmental delay in all the domains of ASQ, except for fine motor (OR = 2.43 95% C.I.: 1.04-5.56). The intake of vegetables and fruits had a protective influence on developmental delay in fine motor function, and moderate to late preterm children had lower relative consumption of fruits and vegetables than full-term children.Conclusion: Moderate to late preterm children in rural China showed an increased likelihood of developmental delay in fine motor function. Future interventions to improve the intake of vegetables and fruits in moderate to late preterm children are recommended.
|
|
| 16. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2023
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 17. |
- Abacan, MaryAnn, et al.
(författare)
-
The Global State of the Genetic Counseling Profession
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 27:2, s. 183-197
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The profession of genetic counseling (also called genetic counselling in many countries) began nearly 50 years ago in the United States, and has grown internationally in the past 30 years. While there have been many papers describing the profession of genetic counseling in individual countries or regions, data remains incomplete and has been published in diverse journals with limited access. As a result of the 2016 Transnational Alliance of Genetic Counseling (TAGC) conference in Barcelona, Spain, and the 2017 World Congress of Genetic Counselling in the UK, we endeavor to describe as fully as possible the global state of genetic counseling as a profession. We estimate that in 2018 there are nearly 7000 genetic counselors with the profession established or developing in no less than 28 countries.
|
|
| 18. |
- Chenxuan, Huang, et al.
(författare)
-
Melatonin alleviates ovarian function damage and oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone in the laying hens through FOXO1 signaling pathway
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Poultry Science. - 0032-5791 .- 1525-3171. ; 102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative stress can trigger follicular atresia, and decrease follicles quantity in each develop-ment stage, thereby alleviating reproductive activity. The induction of oxidative stress in chickens through intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone is a reliable and stable method. Melatonin has been shown to miti-gate oxidative stress in this model, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether melatonin can recover aberrant antioxidant status induced by dexamethasone and the specific mechanism behind melatonin-dependent protec-tion. A total of 150 healthy 40-wk-old Dawu Jinfeng lay-ing hens with similar body weights and laying rates were randomly divided into three groups, with five replicates per group and 10 hens per replicate. The hens in the con-trol group (NS) received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline for 30 d, the dexamethasone group (Dex +NS) received 20 mg/kg dose of dexamethasone for the first 15 d, followed by the 15 d of normal saline treat-ment. While in the melatonin group (Dex+Mel), dexa-methasone (20 mg/kg dose) was injected intraperitoneally in the first 15 d, and melatonin (20 mg/kg/d) was injected in the last 15 d. The results showed that dexamethasone treatment significantly enhanced oxidative stress (P < 0.05), while melatonin not only inhibited the oxidative stress but also notably enhanced the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), glutathione peroxi-dase (GSH-Px), and antioxidant genes CAT, superox-ide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), and recombinant peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) expression (P < 0.05). Melatonin treatment also markedly reduced 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxy-gen species (ROS) levels (P < 0.05) and apoptotic genes Caspase-3, Bim, and Bax in the follicle. In the Dex+Mel group, the Bcl-2 and SOD1 protein levels were also increased (P < 0.05). Melatonin inhibited the forkhead Box Protein O1 (FOXO1) gene and its protein expres-sion (P < 0.05). In general, this investigation revealed that melatonin might decrease oxidative stress and ROS by enhancing antioxidant enzymes and genes, activating the antiapoptotic genes, and inhibiting the FOXO1 pathway in laying hens.
|
|
| 19. |
- Chenxuan, Huang, et al.
(författare)
-
Restorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 on the gut microbiota, barrier integrity, and 5-HT metabolism in reducing feather-pecking behavior in laying hens with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - 1664-302X. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of abnormal feather-pecking (FP) behavior, where laying hens display harmful pecks in conspecifics, is multifactorial and has been linked to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Antibiotics affect the gut microbial composition, leading to gut-brain axis imbalance and behavior and physiology changes in many species. However, it is not clear whether intestinal dysbacteriosis can induce the development of damaging behavior, such as FP. The restorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 against intestinal dysbacteriosis-induced alternations need to be determined either. The current investigation aimed to induce intestinal dysbacteriosis in laying hens by supplementing their diet with the antibiotic lincomycin hydrochloride. The study revealed that antibiotic exposure resulted in decreased egg production performance and an increased tendency toward severe feather-pecking (SFP) behavior in laying hens. Moreover, intestinal and blood-brain barrier functions were impaired, and 5-HT metabolism was inhibited. However, treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 following antibiotic exposure significantly alleviated the decline in egg production performance and reduced SFP behavior. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 supplementation restored the profile of the gut microbial community, and showed a strong positive effect by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum and hypothalamus and promoting the expression of genes related to central 5-HT metabolism. The correlation analysis revealed that probiotic-enhanced bacteria were positively correlated, and probiotic-reduced bacteria were negatively correlated with tight junction-related gene expression, and 5-HT metabolism, and butyric acid levels. Overall, our findings indicate that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR-32 can reduce antibiotic-induced FP in laying hens and is a promising treatment to improve the welfare of domestic birds.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Ding, Xinghao, et al.
(författare)
-
High-resolution source localization exploiting the sparsity of the beamforming map
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Signal Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1684. ; 192
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beamforming technology plays a significant role in source localization and quantification. As traditional delay-and-sum beamformers generally yield low spatial resolution, as well as suffer from the occurrence of spurious sources, different forms of deconvolution methods have been proposed in the literature. In this work, we propose two approaches based on a sparse reconstruction framework combined with the use of the Fourier-based efficient implementation techniques. Numerical simulations and experimental data analysis show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed methods.
|
|
| 22. |
- Falster, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge.
|
|
| 23. |
- Fan, W., et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of magnetization dynamics damping in Ni80Fe20/Nd-Cu bilayer at room temperature
- 2018
-
Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2158-3226. ; 8:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Focusing on the Ni80Fe20 (Py)/Nd-Cu bilayers, the magnetization dynamic damping from spin pumping effect is investigated systematically by doping itinerant Cu in rear earth metal Nd. Various Ta/Py/Nd1-xCux/Ta/Si films with x = 0%, 16%, 38%, 46% and 58% are prepared by magnetron sputtering. For every content of Cu, the thickness of Nd-Cu layer is changed from 1 nm to 32 nm. The damping coefficient increases with increasing the thickness of Nd-Cu layer, which shows the trend of the spin pumping behavior. Also, with increasing Cu concentration in the Nd-Cu layer, the damping coefficient decreases, implying that the spin-orbit coupling in Nd-Cu layer is indeed cut down by high itinerant of Cu dopants. It is interesting that the spin diffusion length (λSD) in the Nd-Cu layer for different Cu dopants is not found to increase monotonously.
|
|
| 24. |
- Gao, Pengyan, et al.
(författare)
-
Construction of unique NiCoP/FeNiCoP hollow heterostructured ellipsoids with modulated electronic structure for enhanced overall water splitting
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 666, s. 403-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal phosphides have been demonstrated to be promising non -noble catalysts for water splitting, yet their electrocatalytic performance is impeded by unfavorable free energies of adsorbed intermediates. The achievement of nanoscale modulation in morphology and electronic states is imperative for enhancing their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. Herein, we propose a strategy to expedite the water splitting process over NiCoP/FeNiCoP hollow ellipsoids by modulating the electronic structure and d -band center. These unique phosphorus (P) vacancies -rich ellipsoids are synthesized through an ion -exchange reaction between uniform NiCo-nanoprisms and K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ], followed by NaH 2 PO 2 -assisted phosphorization under N 2 atmosphere. Various characterizations reveals that the titled catalyst possesses high specific surface area, abundant porosity, and accessible inner surfaces, all of which are beneficial for efficient mass transfer and gas diffusion. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirms that the NiCoP/FeNiCoP heterojunction associated with P vacancies regulate the electronic structures of d -electrons and p -electrons of Co and P atoms, respectively, resulting in a higher desorption efficiency of adsorbed H* intermediates with a lower energy barrier for water splitting. Due to the aforementioned advantages, the resultant NiCoP/FeNiCoP hollow ellipsoids exhibit remarkably low overpotentials of 45 and 266 mV for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction to achieve the current densities of 10 and 50 mA cm -2 , respectively. This work not only reports the synthesis of a hollow double -shell structure of NiCoP/FeNiCoP but also introduces a novel strategy for constructing a multifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting.
|
|
| 25. |
- Gao, Yaqing, et al.
(författare)
-
Housing environment and early childhood development in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PLoS medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1676 .- 1549-1277. ; 18:4
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of the safety and security of environments on early childhood development (ECD) has been under-explored. Although housing might be linked to ECD by affecting a child's health and a parent's ability to provide adequate care, only a few studies have examined this factor. We hypothesized that housing environment is associated with ECD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).From 92,433 children aged 36 to 59 months who participated in Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) in 20 SSA countries, 88,271 were tested for cognitive and social-emotional development using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) questionnaire and were thus included in this cross-sectional analysis. Children's mean age was 47.2 months, and 49.8% were girls. Children were considered developmentally on track in a certain domain if they failed no more than 1 ECDI item in that domain. In each country, we used conditional logistic regression models to estimate the association between improved housing (housing with finished building materials, improved drinking water, improved sanitation facilities, and sufficient living area) and children's cognitive and social-emotional development, accounting for contextual effects and socioeconomic factors. Estimates from each country were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted by the child's gender, maternal education, and household wealth quintiles. On-track cognitive development was associated with improved housing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24, p < 0.001), improved drinking water (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.14, p = 0.046), improved sanitation facilities (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p = 0.014), and sufficient living area (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10, p = 0.018). On-track social-emotional development was associated with improved housing only in girls (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.25, p = 0.006). The main limitations of this study included the cross-sectional nature of the datasets and the use of the ECDI, which lacks sensitivity to measure ECD outcomes.In this study, we observed that improved housing was associated with on-track cognitive development and with on-track social-emotional development in girls. These findings suggest that housing improvement in SSA may be associated not only with benefits for children's physical health but also with broader aspects of healthy child development.
|
|
| 26. |
- Gao, Yaqing, et al.
(författare)
-
Inequality in measles vaccination coverage in the "big six" countries of the WHO South-East Asia region.
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2164-554X .- 2164-5515. ; 16:7, s. 1485-1497
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The "big six" countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, and Thailand) in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region (WHO SEAR) are currently facing severe challenges in measles elimination and consequent childhood mortality reduction, with inadequacies and inequalities in the coverage of the measles-containing-vaccine first-dose (MCV1) being major obstacles. However, these issues of inequality in MCV1 coverage have not yet been systematically examined. We used data from the latest Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. To provide a comprehensive picture of existing MCV1 coverage gaps, data were disaggregated by geographic location, as well as by socioeconomic and nutritional dimensions. National MCV1 coverage ranged from 77% in Myanmar to 92% in Thailand. Only nine of the 104 sub-national districts had achieved the 95% MCV1 coverage goal as set by the WHO. Geographic inequalities were more pronounced in countries with lower coverage levels. Areas in clusters with poor MCV1 coverage performances as well as disadvantaged socioeconomic profiles require increased attention. Inequalities were evident in all countries, except Thailand, and were more pronounced in the sectors of wealth, education, antenatal care (ANC) status, and vitamin A supplementation (VAS) when compared against the areas of gender and urban/rural residence. Wealth-related inequality in Bangladesh, education-related inequality in Indonesia, ANC-related inequalities in Myanmar and Nepal, and VAS-related inequalities in Indonesia and Myanmar were all noteworthy. Equity-oriented changes in policies focusing on health promotion and integrated interventions among disadvantaged populations need to be implemented in order to increase MCV1 coverage and reduce childhood mortality.
|
|
| 27. |
- Guan, Jian-Yue, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperation influenced by the correlation degree of two-layered complex networks in evolutionary prisoner's dilemma games
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Chinese Physics B. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1674-1056. ; 19:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game is investigated on two-layered complex networks respectively representing interaction and learning networks in one and two dimensions. A parameter q is introduced to denote the correlation degree between the two-layered networks. Using Monte Carlo simulations we studied the effects of the correlation degree on cooperative behaviour and found that the cooperator density nontrivially changes with q for different payoff parameter values depending on the detailed strategy updating and network dimension. An explanation for the obtained results is provided.
|
|
| 28. |
- Huang, Chen-Hsi, et al.
(författare)
-
Mechanism of Re precipitation in irradiated W-Re alloys from kinetic Monte Carlo simulations
- 2017
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High-temperature, high-dose, neutron irradiation of W results in the formation of Re-rich clusters at concen-trations one order of magnitude lower than the thermodynamic solubility limit. These clusters may eventuallytransform into brittle W-Re intermetallic phases, which can lead to high levels of hardening and thermal conduc-tivity losses. Standard theories of radiation enhanced diffusion and precipitation cannot explain the formation ofthese precipitates and so understanding the mechanism by which nonequilibrium clusters form under irradiationis crucial to predict materials degradation and devise mitigation strategies. Here we carry out a thermodynamicstudy of W-Re alloys and conduct kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of Re cluster formation in irradiated W-2Re alloys using a generalized Hamiltonian for crystals containing point defects parameterized entirely withelectronic structure calculations. Our model incorporates recently-gained mechanistic information of mixed-interstitial solute transport, which is seen to control cluster nucleation and growth by forming quasi-sphericalnuclei after an average incubation time of 20 s at 1800 K. These nuclei are seen to grow by attracting moremixed interstitials bringing solute atoms, which in turns attracts vacancies leading to recombination and soluteagglomeration. The clusters grow to a maximum size of approximately 4-nm radius, and are not fully densewith Re, containing 50% or less near the center. Our simulations are in reasonable agreement with recent atomprobe examinations of ion irradiated W-2Re systems at 773 K.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Huang, Qiuyi, et al.
(författare)
-
Wind Turbine Health Assessment Framework Based on Power Analysis Using Machine Learning Method
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe, ISGT-Europe 2019. - Bucharest, Romania : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a performance assessment framework to estimate operation status of wind turbines. The overall objective is to propose a method for health assessment to support preventive maintenance strategies for wind turbines. The framework uses the data in the supervisory control and data acquisition systems as input. The framework consists of three main stages: power curve prediction, sliding window method analysis and performance assessment. At the first stage, k-means and density-based clustering are applied to eliminate noisy measurements. Then both parametric and non-parametric methods are applied to estimate the ideal power curve, which is used as a reference value to assess the actual one. At the second stage, the sliding window method is used to calculate the deviation between actual power data and ideal values, which indicates the real time performance of wind turbines. At the third stage, different performance zones are defined to assess health conditions. The proposed approach has been applied with the experience data of six onshore wind turbines from a single wind farm. The results indicate that the introduced framework can monitor the operation conditions and evaluate the performance of wind turbines.
|
|
| 31. |
- Huang, Shirong, et al.
(författare)
-
Infrared Emissivity Measurement for Vertically Aligned Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Based Heat Spreader Applied in High Power Electronics Packaging
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 6th Electronic System-integration Technology Conference (ESTC 2016). - 9781509014026 ; , s. Article no 7764696-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertically-aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes were deposited on silicon substrate by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), which can be utilized as heat spreaders in high power electronic packaging due to their remarkable thermal conductivity. The infrared emissivity of the vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes was then characterized based on the FLIR SC600 infrared imaging system. The average infrared emissivity of the multiwall carbon nanotubes sample was about 0.92, which agrees well with experimental results reported before. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the multiwall carbon nanotubes were further analyzed to explain its high emissivity, and the reason can be attributed to the homogeneous sparseness and aligned structure of the vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes
|
|
| 32. |
- Huang, Shirong, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effects of Graphene-Based Films as Heat Spreaders for Thermal Management in Electronic Packaging
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 17th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology, ICEPT 2016. - 9781509013968 ; , s. Art no 7583272; Pages 889-892
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene-based films (GBF) were fabricated using a chemical conversion process including graphene oxide (GO) preparation by use of Hummer’s method, graphene oxide reduction using L-ascorbic acid (LAA), and finally film formation by vacuum filtration. GBF is considered as a candidate material for thermal management, i.e. for removing heat from hotspots in power electronic packaging, due to its high thermal conductivity. In this work, the GBF heat spreading performance in 3D TSV packaging was analysed using finite element methods (FEM) implemented in the COMSOL software. Both size effects and the influence of the thermal conductivity of the GBF heat spreader on the thermal performance of the 3D TSV package were evaluated. Furthermore, the size effects of the thermal conductive adhesive (TCA) underfill between the chip and the printed circuit board (PCB) were analysed. The results obtained are critical for proper design of graphene-based lateral heat spreaders in high power electronic packaging.
|
|
| 33. |
- Huang, Shiliang, et al.
(författare)
-
Three-Dimensional Open-Framework Germanate Built from a Novel Ge-13 Cluster and Containing Two Types of Chiral Layers
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Crystal Growth & Design. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1528-7483 .- 1528-7505. ; 18:2, s. 928-933
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new open-framework germanate [Ge15O30(OH)(4)]center dot 2(H(2)tren), denoted SU-69, was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions with tris(2-aminoethyl)-amine (tren) as a structure directing agent (SDA). SU-69 crystallizes in a monoclinic space group (C2/c, No. 15) with a = 20.2656(7) angstrom, b = 11.6250(4) angstrom, c = 18.5602(10) angstrom, and beta = 90.528(4)degrees. The framework of SU-69 is built from a novel Ge13O27(OH)(2) (Ge-13) cluster with two additional GeO3(OH) tetrahedra. Two types of chiral 3,6-net building layers are found in the framework, which alternately stack and connect to form a three-dimensional achiral framework with a two-dimensional 10 x 12-ring channel system. The SDA molecules interact with the framework via H-bonds. The thermal stability of as-synthesized SU-69 has also been investigated.
|
|
| 34. |
- Huang, Wei, et al.
(författare)
-
Substrate Promiscuity, Crystal Structure, and Application of a Plant UDP-Glycosyltransferase UGT74AN3
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ACS Catalysis. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2155-5435. ; 14:1, s. 475-488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycosyltransferases are effective enzymes for glycosylating natural products (NPs), and some of them have the unusual property of being exceedingly promiscuous catalytically toward a range of substrates. UGT74AN3 is a plant glycosyltransferase identified from Catharanthus roseus in our previous work. In this study, we found that UGT74AN3 exhibits high substrate promiscuity toward 78 acceptors and 6 sugar donors and also exhibits N-/S-glycosylation activity toward simple aromatic compounds. The crystal structures of UGT74AN3 in the complex with various NPs were solved. Sugar donor recognition of UGT74AN3 was altered by structure-based mutagenesis, and the T145V mutant shifted its sugar donor preference from UDP-Glc to UDP-Xyl. Structural analysis reveals that a spacious U-shaped hydrophobic binding pocket accounts for the high substrate promiscuity of UGT74AN3. The residues E85 and F193 might serve as gatekeepers of UGT74AN3 to control substrate binding. In addition, a rare substrate binding mode was discovered in the structure of UGT74AN3, and the process of substrate flipping in the pocket was charted by molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, a cost-effective one-pot system by coupling UGT74AN3 with AtSuSy, a sucrose synthase, was established for in situ generating and recycling UDP-Glc from sucrose and UDP to glycosylate NPs. Our study reveals the structural basis underlying the substrate promiscuity of UGT74AN3 and provides an efficient and economical enzymatic synthesis strategy for producing valuable glycosides for drug discovery.
|
|
| 35. |
- Huang, Yiqian, et al.
(författare)
-
A Novel Maximum Distance Separable Code Based RIS-OFDM : Design and Optimization
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM 2022). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1521-1526
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a novel maximum distance separable (MDS) code based and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted wireless communication system with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Specifically, input bits are firstly divided into groups and their MDS codes are utilized to decide the amplitudes and phases of subcarriers. The introduction of the MDS code helps to increase the minimum Hamming distance between symbols and improve on the capability of error detection. Besides, the RIS is adopted to create additional paths between the radio frequency (RF) and the receiver as well as alter the signal phases with derived optimal solution. Benefiting from the strength of the RIS, the proposed system can better overcome multipath fading compared with conventional systems. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system in terms of reducing bit error rate (BER) through multipath channels.
|
|
| 36. |
- Huang, Yaqi, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in dementia research and practice : A scoping review
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 27:2, s. 357-371
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) endorsed by the World Health Organization provides a conceptual framework for describing functioning and disability based on a biopsychosocial model. Although dementia is one of the leading causes of disability, yet little is known on the extent to how the ICF has been utilized in dementia research and practice. The study aimed to examine and map the current applications of the ICF with dementia from a body of earlier studies and to explore the potential use in person-centred dementia care.METHODS: The Arksey and O'Malley framework was used to guide the searching, selecting, and synthesizing process. The scoping review was reported following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.RESULTS: A total of 34 studies were included. The applications of ICF were classified into 4 themes: (1) in clinical practice and the education of health professionals (n = 20); (2) community support services and income support (n = 3); (3) population-based, census, or survey data (n = 10); (4) advocacy and empowerment purposes (n = 1).CONCLUSION: The ICF has made a major impact on dementia in clinical settings. Findings strongly support applying the ICF to person-centered dementia care. In the future, more empirical studies are needed to expand the scope of ICF use in dementia research and practice.
|
|
| 37. |
- Huang, Yue, et al.
(författare)
-
Association Between Violent Discipline at Home and Risk of Illness and Injury in Children: Findings From a Cross-sectional Study in Rural Western China.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of interpersonal violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6518 .- 0886-2605. ; 37:13-14, s. NP11413-NP11435
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To estimate the prevalence of violent discipline at home against young children, and to explore the potential association between violent discipline at home and multifaceted health risks in children. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in twenty rural counties of weight provinces in western China. The information about child neglect and socio-demographic factors, exposure to different forms of violent discipline at home and four health outcomes was collected by face-to-face interview. Before analysis, the included interviews were weighted by the double-weighted comprehensive weighting. The proportion of children reported by primary caregivers to have experienced different forms of violent discipline by gender were calculated. To adjust the clustering effect of the survey design, two-level univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the potential association between a child's exposure to violent discipline at home and risk of suffering from diarrhea, fever, cough and injury. A total of 3,682 weighted interviews were finally included in the analysis. The prevalence of any violent discipline, psychological aggression, any physical punishment and severe physical punishment were 76.4%, 57.5%, 68.3% and 14.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for clustering, there was still a positive association between a child's exposure to psychological aggression and risk of diarrhea (adjusted OR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.14-1.90) and injury (adjusted OR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.36-2.80); a child's exposure to any physical punishment and risk of diarrhea (adjusted OR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.04-1.77), cough (adjusted OR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.14-1.66), and injury (adjusted OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.37-3.06); and a child's exposure to severe physical punishment and risk of injury (adjusted OR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.41-3.05). Considering that using violent discipline at home is prevalent in rural western China, and it could threaten young children's health, effective measures to prevent young children from violent discipline are urgently needed.
|
|
| 38. |
- Huang, Yue, et al.
(författare)
-
Memory Effect of Metal-Oxide-Silicon Capacitors with Self-Assembly Double-Layer Au Nanocrystals Embedded in Atomic-Layer-Deposited HfO2 Dielectric
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Chinese Physics Letters. - 0256-307X .- 1741-3540. ; 26:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the chemical self-assembly growth of Au nanocrystals on atomic-layer-deposited HfO2 films aminosilanized by (3-Aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane aforehand for memory applications. The resulting Au nanocrystals show a density of about 4 x 10(11) cm(-2) and a diameter range of 5-8 nm. The metal-oxide-silicon capacitor with double-layer Au nanocrystals embedded in HfO2 dielectric exhibits a large C - V hysteresis window of 11.9 V for +/- 11 V gate voltage sweeps at 1 MHz, a flat-band voltage shift of 1.5 V after the electrical stress under 7 V for 1 ms, a leakage current density of 2.9 x 10(-8) A/cm(-2) at 9 V and room temperature. Compared to single-layer Au nanocrystals, the double-layer Au nanocrystals increase the hysteresis window significantly, and the underlying mechanism is thus discussed.
|
|
| 39. |
- Ji, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Crystallography of low Z material at ultrahigh pressure : Case study on solid hydrogen
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Matter and Radiation at Extremes. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 2468-2047 .- 2468-080X. ; 5:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensed matter. However, the only way to determine crystal structures of materials above 100 GPa, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD), especially for low Z materials, remains nontrivial in the ultrahigh-pressure region, even with the availability of brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources. In this work, we perform a systematic study, choosing hydrogen (the lowest X-ray scatterer) as the subject, to understand how to better perform XRD measurements of low Z materials at multimegabar pressures. The techniques that we have developed have been proved to be effective in measuring the crystal structure of solid hydrogen up to 254 GPa at room temperature [C. Ji et al., Nature 573, 558–562 (2019)]. We present our discoveries and experiences with regard to several aspects of this work, namely, diamond anvil selection, sample configuration for ultrahigh-pressure XRD studies, XRD diagnostics for low Z materials, and related issues in data interpretation and pressure calibration. We believe that these methods can be readily extended to other low Z materials and can pave the way for studying the crystal structure of hydrogen at higher pressures, eventually testing structural models of metallic hydrogen.
|
|
| 40. |
- Ji, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
-
Ultrahigh-pressure isostructural electronic transitions in hydrogen
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 573:7775, s. 558-562
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-pressure transitions are thought to modify hydrogen molecules to a molecular metallic solid and finally to an atomic metal(1), which is predicted to have exotic physical properties and the topology of a two-component (electron and proton) superconducting superfluid condensate(2,3). Therefore, understanding such transitions remains an important objective in condensed matter physics(4,5). However, measurements of the crystal structure of solid hydrogen, which provides crucial information about the metallization of hydrogen under compression, are lacking for most high-pressure phases, owing to the considerable technical challenges involved in X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements under extreme conditions. Here we present a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of solid hydrogen at pressures of up to 254 gigapascals that reveals the crystallographic nature of the transitions from phase I to phases III and IV. Under compression, hydrogen molecules remain in the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal lattice structure, accompanied by a monotonic increase in anisotropy. In addition, the pressure-dependent decrease of the unit cell volume exhibits a slope change when entering phase IV, suggesting a second-order isostructural phase transition. Our results indicate that the precursor to the exotic two-component atomic hydrogen may consist of electronic transitions caused by a highly distorted hcp Brillouin zone and molecular-symmetry breaking.
|
|
| 41. |
- Ji, Xinyu, et al.
(författare)
-
Epigenetic–smoking interaction reveals histologically heterogeneous effects of TRIM27 DNA methylation on overall survival among early-stage NSCLC patients
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 14:11, s. 2759-2774
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tripartite motif containing 27 (TRIM27) is highly expressed in lung cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we profiled DNA methylation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tumours from 613 early-stage NSCLC patients and evaluated associations between CpG methylation of TRIM27 and overall survival. Significant CpG probes were confirmed in 617 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The methylation of the CpG probe cg05293407TRIM27 was significantly associated with overall survival in patients with LUSC (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.30–2.09, P = 4.52 × 10−5), but not in patients with LUAD (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.87–1.33, P = 0.493). As incidence of LUSC is associated with higher smoking intensity compared to LUAD, we investigated whether smoking intensity impacted on the prognostic effect of cg05293407TRIM27 methylation in NSCLC. LUSC patients had a higher average pack-year of smoking (37.49LUAD vs 54.79LUSC, P = 1.03 × 10−19) and included a higher proportion of current smokers than LUAD patients (28.24%LUAD vs 34.09%LUSC, P = 0.037). cg05293407TRIM27 was significantly associated with overall survival only in NSCLC patients with medium–high pack-year of smoking (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26–1.96, P = 5.25 × 10−5). We conclude that cg05293407TRIM27 methylation is a potential predictor of LUSC prognosis, and smoking intensity may impact on its prognostic value across the various types of NSCLC.
|
|
| 42. |
- Jin, Yuqing, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic evaluation of the breeding population of a valuable reforestation conifer Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platycladus orientalis, a widespread conifer with long lifespan and significant adaptability. It is much used in reforestation in north China and commonly planted in central Asia. With the increasing demand for plantation forest in central to north China, breeding programs are progressively established for this species. Efficient use of breeding resources requires good understanding of the genetic value of the founder breeding materials. This study investigated the distribution of genetic variation in 192 elite trees collected for the breeding program for the central range of the species. We developed first set of 27 polymorphic EST-derived SSR loci for the species from transcriptome/genome data. After examination of amplification quality, 10 loci were used to evaluate the genetic variation in the breeding population. We found moderate genetic diversity (average H-e = 0.348) and low population differentiation (Fst = 0.011). Extensive admixture and no significant geographic population structure characterized this set of collections. Our analyses of the diversity and population structure are important steps toward a long-term sustainable deployment of the species and provide valuable genetic information for conservation and breeding applications.
|
|
| 43. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Lemiale, Franck, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhanced mucosal immunoglobulin A response of intranasal adenoviral vector human immunodeficiency virus vaccine and localization in the central nervous system.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X. ; 77:18, s. 10078-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Replication-defective adenovirus (ADV) vectors represent a promising potential platform for the development of a vaccine for AIDS. Although this vector is typically administered intramuscularly, it would be desirable to induce mucosal immunity by delivery through alternative routes. In this study, the immune response and biodistribution of ADV vectors delivered by different routes were evaluated. ADV vectors expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag, Pol, and Env were delivered intramuscularly or intranasally into mice. Intranasal immunization induced greater HIV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in mucosal secretions and sera than in animals with intramuscular injection, which showed stronger systemic cellular and IgG responses. Administration of the vaccine through an intranasal route failed to overcome prior ADV immunity. Animals exposed to ADV prior to vaccination displayed substantially reduced cellular and humoral immune responses to HIV antigens in both groups, though the reduction was greater in animals immunized intranasally. This inhibition was partially overcome by priming with a DNA expression vector expressing HIV-1 Gag, Pol, and Env before boosting with the viral vector. Biodistribution of recombinant adenovirus (rADV) vectors administered intranasally revealed infection of the central nervous system, specifically in the olfactory bulb, possibly via retrograde transport by olfactory neurons in the nasal epithelium, which may limit the utility of this route of delivery of ADV vector-based vaccines.
|
|
| 46. |
- Li, Yi, et al.
(författare)
-
Promoting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by modulating the electron-transfer in an ultrafast timescale through Mo-S6 configuration
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science and Technology. - 1005-0302. ; 193, s. 73-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maximizing ultrafast electron-transfer kinetics in semiconductor is pivotal but challenging for high-efficiency solar-to-energy during the photocatalytic reaction process due to the intrinsic property of photocatalysts with low surface electron density. Herein, a model photocatalyst CdS@Mo is synthesized through a typical hydrothermal method for modulating the ultrafast electron-transfer to enhance the surface electron density. X-ray absorption fine spectra (XAFS) reveal that Mo is coordinated with S atoms to form a Mo-S6 configuration which is different from common MoS2 and Mo foil structures. Based on the femtosecond transient absorption spectra (fs-TAS), it is found that the formation of Mo-S6 configuration contributes to the fast decay of CdS signal and Mo-S6 signal reactivation, illustrating the ultrafast electron-transfer (∼2.2 ps) from CdS to Mo-S6 configuration, which achieves the enhanced electron density of photocatalyst surface. Finally, a holistic photocatalytic performance evaluation discloses that the growing of Mo-S6 configuration obviously improves the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) efficiency of CdS from 28.5 to 47.5 mmol g–1 h–1 with a solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 0.10 % which is seldomly discussed in the system containing sacrificial agents. This work opens a new path to modulate the surface electron density by tuning the ultrafast electron-transfer for enhancing reaction efficiency in electron-density-dependent systems.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Liang, Hao, et al.
(författare)
-
Adaptive Variational Nonlinear Chirp Mode Decomposition
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2022 - Proceedings. - 1520-6149. - 9781665405409 ; 2022-May, s. 5632-5636
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variational nonlinear chirp mode decomposition (VNCMD) is a recently introduced method for nonlinear chirp signal decomposition that has aroused notable attention in various fields. One limiting aspect of the method is that its performance relies heavily on the setting of the bandwidth parameter. To overcome this problem, we here propose a Bayesian implementation of the VNCMD, which can adaptively estimate the instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies of the nonlinear chirp signals, and then learn the active dictionary in a data-driven manner, thereby enabling a high-resolution time-frequency representation. Numerical example of both simulated and measured data illustrate the resulting improvement performance of the proposed method.
|
|
| 49. |
- Liang, Hao, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning an interpretable end-to-end network for real-time acoustic beamforming
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sound and Vibration. - 0022-460X. ; 591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, many forms of audio industrial applications, such as sound monitoring and source localization, have begun exploiting smart multi-modal devices equipped with a microphone array. Regrettably, model-based methods are often difficult to employ for such devices due to their high computational complexity, as well as the difficulty of appropriately selecting the user-determined parameters. As an alternative, one may use deep network-based methods, but these are often difficult to generalize, nor can they generate the desired beamforming map directly. In this paper, a computationally efficient acoustic beamforming algorithm is proposed, which may be unrolled to form a model-based deep learning network for real-time imaging, here termed the DAMAS-FISTA-Net. By exploiting the natural structure of an acoustic beamformer, the proposed network inherits the physical knowledge of the acoustic system, and thus learns the underlying physical properties of the propagation. As a result, all the network parameters may be learned end-to-end, guided by a model-based prior using back-propagation. Notably, the proposed network enables an excellent interpretability and the ability of being able to process the raw data directly. Extensive numerical experiments using both simulated and real-world data illustrate the preferable performance of the DAMAS-FISTA-Net as compared to alternative approaches.
|
|
| 50. |
- Liang, Hao, et al.
(författare)
-
Sparse optimization for nonlinear group delay mode estimation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966. ; 152:4, s. 2187-2203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonlinear group delay signals with frequency-varying characteristics are common in a wide variety of fields, for instance, structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis. For such applications, the signal is composed of multiple modes, where each mode may overlap in the frequency-domain. The resulting decomposition and forming of time-frequency representations of the nonlinear group delay modes is a challenging task. In this study, the nonlinear group delay signal is modelled in the frequency-domain. Exploiting the sparsity of the signal, we present the nonlinear group delay mode estimation technique, which forms the demodulation dictionary from the group delay. This method can deal with crossed modes and transient impulse signals. Furthermore, an augmented alternating direction multiplier method is introduced to form an efficient implementation. Numerical simulations and experimental data analysis show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method. In addition, the included analysis of Lamb waves as well as of a bearing signal show the method's potential for structural health monitoring and fault diagnosis.
|
|
