| 1. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Once after a full moon : acute type A aortic dissection and lunar phases
- 2022
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Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 1569-9293 .- 1569-9285. ; 34:1, s. 105-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a rare but severe condition, routinely treated with emergent cardiac surgery. Many surgeons have the notion that patients with ATAAD tend to come in clusters, but no studies have examined these observations. This investigation was undertaken to study the potential association between the lunar cycle and the incidence of ATAAD.METHODS: We collected information on 2995 patients who underwent ATAAD surgery at centres from the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection collaboration. We cross-referenced the time of surgery with lunar phase using a case-crossover design with 2 different definitions of full moon (>99% illumination and the 7-day full moon period).RESULTS: The period when the moon was illuminated the most (99% definition) did not show any significant increase in incidence for ATAAD surgery. However, when the full moon period was compared with all other moon phases, it yielded a relative risk of 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.17, P = 0.057] and, compared to waxing moon, only the relative risk was 1.11 (95% CI 1.01-1.23, P = 0.027). The peak incidence came 4-6 days after the moon was fully illuminated.CONCLUSIONS: This study found an overrepresentation of surgery for ATAAD during the full moon phase. The explanation for this is not known, but we speculate that sleep deprivation during full moon leads to a temporary increase in blood pressure, which in turn could trigger rupture of the aortic wall. While this finding is interesting, it needs to be corroborated and the clinical implications are debateable.
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| 2. |
- Eliasson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated design evaluation system supporting thermal-structural iterations
- 1998
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Ingår i: Concurrent Engineering - Research and Applications. - 1063-293X .- 1531-2003. ; 6:3, s. 179-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the design of high temperature components, design evaluation often requires an iterative procedure between thermal fluid and thermal structural simulations An integrated computer system providing an iterative environment for the multidisciplinary simulations re quired has been developed. The system supports iterations between thermal fluid and thermal structural simulations using two different commercial simulation packages. Traditionally, fluid and structural analysis have been simulated separately and analysis of coupled prob lems has required special, multidisciplinary simulation packages which are seldom used in early stages of design. Improving the infrastruc ture for data exchange between separate computer applications is one way to significantly reduce the lead time for design iterations. This reduction in lead-time allows multidisciplinary effects to be accounted for in early stages of design. The design system is demonstrated on an exhaust manifold, where the thermal interaction between fluid and structure is of significant importance. The commercial simulation tools have been integrated to demonstrate the effect of automised data flow on design methodology, i.e , de sign iterations. This integration method makes use of existing features in the simulation packages and uses an export file format as the neu tral exchange format. In this way, the integrated system is simple and fast to develop which is preferred in small prototype systems and de velopment project Database integration supports a tighter integration, but requires more development effort. For design systems, where several design tools need to communicate, standardised information management procedures are preferable, following the ideas of the STEP framework.
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| 3. |
- Isaksson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in product modelling : an ENDREA perspective
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings / Produktmodeller 2000. - Linköping : Linköping universitet.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The success of engineering companies is highly dependent on how well product information is managed, engineered and communicated. From marketing through development to after sales activities, data needs to be accessible and used in the best way. Today, geographical distance, the need for close co-operation and data complexity are all natural parts of the working environment. Product modelling techniques are continuously evolving with new requirements and opportunities emerging daily. This paper will outline and discuss some of these trends, and at the same time present some of the areas where research is being carried out within projects in the Product Model Cluster in the national graduate school - The Swedish Engineering Design Research and Education Agenda (ENDREA).
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| 4. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 5. |
- Oudin, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of national holidays and weekends on incidence of acute type A aortic dissection repair
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have demonstrated that environmental and temporal factors may affect the incidence of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). Here, we aimed to investigate the hypothesis that national holidays and weekends influence the incidence of surgery for ATAAD. For the period 1st of January 2005 until 31st of December 2019, we investigated a hypothesised effect of (country-specific) national holidays and weekends on the frequency of 2995 surgical repairs for ATAAD at 10 Nordic cities included in the Nordic Consortium for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection (NORCAAD) collaboration. Compared to other days, the number of ATAAD repairs were 29% (RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.54–0.94) lower on national holidays and 26% (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.68–0.82) lower on weekends. As day of week patterns of symptom duration were assessed and the primary analyses were adjusted for period of year, our findings suggest that the reduced surgical incidence on national holidays and weekends does not seem to correspond to seasonal effects or surgery being delayed and performed on regular working days.
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| 6. |
- Törlind, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration environments for distributed engineering : development of a prototype system
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Fourth International Workshop on CSCW in Design. - Compiègne : Université de Technologique de Compiègne. - 2913923003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we propose a model for collaboration between engineers in a distributed environment based on a suite of specialized computer tools. The system is built around the distributed virtual reality system DIVE that has been customized for interoperability with existing CAD systems. Other tools supporting the information exchange process in a product development project include audio/video conferencing software, shared workspace systems for document sharing, application sharing tools, shared whiteboard applications and more. The paper discusses the components of the collaboration environment both from a technical standpoint as well as in respect to usability issues.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Assaying cardiac biomarkers for toxicity testing using biosensing and cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells
- 2010
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 150:1, s. 175-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived cardiomyocytes are in the present study being used for testing drug-induced cardiotoxicity in a biosensor set-up. The design of an in vitro testing alternative provides a novel opportunity to surpass previous methods based on rodent cells or cell lines due to its significantly higher toxicological relevance. In this report we demonstrate how hESC-derived cardiomyocytes release detectable levels of two clinically decisive cardiac biomarkers, cardiac troponin T and fatty acid binding protein 3, when the cardiac cells are exposed to the well-known cardioactive drug compound. doxorubicin. The release is monitored by the immuno-biosensor technique surface plasmon resonance, particularly appropriate due to its capacity for parallel and high-throughput analysis in complex media.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Magnus V., et al.
(författare)
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Kirurgi – omistligt komplement till medicinsk behandling
- 2009
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 106:45, s. 3003-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kirurgi på rätt indikation och vid rätt tidpunkt är ett omistligt komplement till medicinsk behandling vid inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom, som förebygger sjukdomskomplikationer, förbättrar patienternas livskvalitet och ibland är livräddande. Kirurgi för ulcerös kolit görs oftast som ett tvåstegsförfarande: först kolektomi plus ileostomi med rektum lämnad intakt och i senare skede, med optimerad patient, tarmrekonstruktion anpassad efter patientens individuella livssituation. Kirurgi vid Crohns sjukdom korrigerar komplikationer (stenoser och fistlar) och sparar tarm genom begränsade resektioner och strikturplastiker. Laparoskopisk kirurgi verkar ha viktiga fördelar vid primära tarmresektioner. Modern medicinsk behandling har förändrat indikationerna men ännu inte minskat behovet av kirurgi. Pågående antiinflammatorisk och immunmodulerande behandling är viktig att beakta i samband med kirurgi. Ett nära samspel mellan gastroenterolog och kolorektalkirurg är nödvändigt för att uppnå bästa möjliga långtidsprognos för de individer som lever med IBD.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Asp, Julia, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiomyocyte clusters derived from human embryonic stem cells share similarities with human heart tissue.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of molecular cell biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1759-4685 .- 1674-2788. ; 2:5, s. 276-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiotoxicity testing is a key activity in the pharmaceutical industry in order to detect detrimental effects of new drugs. A reliable human in vitro model would both be beneficial in selection of lead compounds and be important for reducing animal experimentation. However, the human heart is a complex organ composed of many distinct types of cardiomyocytes, but cardiomyocyte clusters (CMCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells could be an option for a cellular model. Data on functional properties of CMCs demonstrate similarities to their in vivo analogues in human. However, development of an in vitro model requires a more thorough comparison of CMCs to human heart tissue. Therefore, we directly compared individually isolated CMCs to human fetal, neonatal, adult atrial and ventricular heart tissues. Real-time qPCR analysis of mRNA levels and protein staining of ion channels and cardiac markers showed in general a similar expression pattern in CMCs and human heart. Moreover, a significant decrease in beat frequency was noted after addition of Zatebradine, a blocker to I(f) involved in regulation of spontaneous contraction in CMCs. The results underscore the similarities of CMCs to human cardiac tissue, and further support establishment of novel cardiotoxicity assays based on the CMCs in drug discovery.
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| 13. |
- Austeng, Dordi, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS)
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
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| 14. |
- Bergman, Greger, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of a product design system and nonlinear finite element codes via a relational database
- 1995
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Ingår i: Engineering computations. - : Emerald. - 0264-4401 .- 1758-7077. ; 12:5, s. 439-449
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A database for finite element models and related data is developed and incorporated into a prototype system for integration of non-linear finite element codes with a product design system. In the prototype system, the database is used as a link for integrating commercial, public domain as well as in-house codes. In the present system, the public domain finite element codes NIKE2D, NIKE3D, DYNA2D, DYNA3D and TOPAZ2D are integrated with the CIM-system I-DEAS. The prototype system is primarily intended as a platform in research projects for development of integrated environments tuned for simulations of specific manufacturing processes such as quenching, welding, hot rolling, metal powder compaction and hot isostatic pressing
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| 15. |
- Boer, Christa, et al.
(författare)
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2017 EACTS/EACTA Guidelines on patient blood management for adult cardiac surgery.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8422 .- 1053-0770. ; 32:1, s. 88-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Authors/Task Force Members: Christa Boer (EACTA Chairperson)(Netherlands), Michael I. Meesters (Netherlands), Milan Milojevic (Netherlands), Umberto Benedetto (UK), Daniel Bolliger (Switzerland), Christian von Heymann (Germany), Anders Jeppsson (Sweden), Andreas Koster (Germany), Ruben L. Osnabrugge (Netherlands), Marco Ranucci (Italy), Hanne Berg Ravn (Denmark), Alexander B.A. Vonk (Netherlands), Alexander Wahba (Norway), Domenico Pagano (EACTS Chairperson)(UK), Document Reviewers: Moritz W.V. Wyler von Ballmoos (USA), Mate Petricevic (Croatia), Arie Pieter Kappetein (Netherlands), Miguel Sousa-Uva (Portugal), Georg Trummer (Germany), Peter M. Rosseel (Netherlands), Michael Sander (Germany), Pascal Colson (France), Adrian Bauer (Germany).
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| 16. |
- Brorson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Lymfsystemet och dess sjukdomar.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Kirurgi. - 9789144043555 ; 2nd ed, s. 469-488
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Brorson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Lymfödem
- 2016. - 4
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Ingår i: Kirurgi. - 9789144099842 ; , s. 645-653
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lymfsystemets anatomi och fysiologi. Orsaker till svullnad. Utredning av ödem. Etiologi. Komplikationer vid lymfödem. Behandling och resultat.
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| 18. |
- Cedell, Tord, et al.
(författare)
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New advances in soft magnetic materials - properties of moulded flux conductors in inductors and electrical motors
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new technology has emerged the last decade, based on a new group of materials; Soft Magnetic Composites (SMC), instead of laminated steel that facilitates production of products with more integrated, smaller, lighter, less costly and highly efficient electromagnetic machines. The application of this technology is a change of paradigm regarding integrated design and energy efficiency. This article describes a new group of SMC’s; Soft Magnetic Mouldable Composites (SM2C). With this material it is possible to produce electromagnetic components, using rotational- or gravital moulding technology, RotoCast. This new production method allows for integration of parts, coils etc, but also has a potential for automated low cost and high rate production. It is possible to reach impressive magnetic, mechanic and thermal properties in rotation moulded parts. High performance inductors and electrical motors has been produced by RotoCast and evaluated. The maximum permeability of SM2C is in the order of 30. This is ideal for inductors, since the storage of reactive energy is distributed uniformly. The total production cost of this type of inductors can be very low compared to conventional ferrite/litz solutions. Since the high frequency magnetization losses are low and the thermal conduction is considerable, there will be no hot-spots. For motors, the low permeability gives lower torque compared to conventional laminated motor structures. This is compensated by increasing the radius of the motor, and since the high-frequency magnetization losses are low the number of poles can be made very high, thus reducing the magnetic material giving the motor high torque-to-weight ratio.
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| 19. |
- Chung, Sheng-Chia, et al.
(författare)
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Acute myocardial infarction : a comparison of short-term survival in national outcome registries in Sweden and the UK
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 383:9925, s. 1305-1312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background International research for acute myocardial infarction lacks comparisons of whole health systems. We assessed time trends for care and outcomes in Sweden and the UK. Methods We used data from national registries on consecutive patients registered between 2004 and 2010 in all hospitals providing care for acute coronary syndrome in Sweden and the UK. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality 30 days after admission. We compared effectiveness of treatment by indirect casemix standardisation. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01359033. Findings We assessed data for 119 786 patients in Sweden and 391 077 in the UK. 30-day mortality was 7.6% (95% CI 7.4-7.7) in Sweden and 10.5% (10.4-10.6) in the UK. Mortality was higher in the UK in clinically relevant subgroups defined by troponin concentration, ST-segment elevation, age, sex, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus status, and smoking status. In Sweden, compared with the UK, there was earlier and more extensive uptake of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (59% vs 22%) and more frequent use of beta blockers at discharge (89% vs 78%). After casemix standardisation the 30-day mortality ratio for UK versus Sweden was 1.37 (95% CI 1.30-1.45), which corresponds to 11 263 (95% CI 9620-12 827) excess deaths, but did decline over time (from 1.47, 95% CI 1.38-1.58 in 2004 to 1.20, 1.12-1.29 in 2010; p=0.01). Interpretation We found clinically important differences between countries in acute myocardial infarction care and outcomes. International comparisons research might help to improve health systems and prevent deaths.
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| 20. |
- Damman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Invasive strategies and outcomes for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes : a twelve-year experience from SWEDEHEART.
- 2016
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Ingår i: EuroIntervention. - 1774-024X .- 1969-6213. ; 12:9, s. 1108-1116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Despite recommendations in recent guidelines for a routine invasive strategy for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), long-term data on the implementation of treatment strategies in clinical practice are not available. Our aim was to provide long-term data on the implementation of a routine invasive strategy in NSTE-ACS in clinical practice.METHODS AND RESULTS: In the SWEDEHEART registry, data from 204,092 consecutive NSTE-ACS patients admitted between 1996 and 2007 were recorded. The use of the routine invasive strategy, retrospectively defined as coronary angiography (and subsequent revascularisation) within three days after admission, increased from 3.8% in the period 1996-1998 to 37.4% in the period 2005-2007. The largest absolute increase in the use of this strategy was observed in low-risk patients, while a similar relative increase was observed in all risk categories. The use of the selective invasive strategy, defined as coronary angiography later than three days after admission or none at all, decreased from 96.2% in the period 1996-1998 to 62.5% in the period 2005-2007. In the total population, there was a gradual decrease in three-year all-cause mortality, from 29.1% in the period 1996-1998 to 23.9% in the period 2005-2007.CONCLUSIONS: There has been an increase in the use of a routine invasive strategy in NSTE-ACS patients over the course of 12 years in Sweden. There was a decrease in three-year mortality over the same time course.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Fjellstedt, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary excretion of total cystine and the dibasic amino acids arginine, lysine and ornithine in relation to genetic findings in patients with cystinuria treated with sulfhydryl compounds
- 2003
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Ingår i: Urological research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-5623 .- 1434-0879. ; 31:6, s. 417-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in molecular genetics have brought a deeper understanding of cystinuria. This autosomal recessive disease, which is caused by a defective tubular reabsorption of cystine and the three dibasic amino acids arginine, lysine and ornithine, results in a lifelong risk of renal stone formation because of the low solubility of cystine in urine. Mutations detected within the two genes known to be associated with cystinuria, SLC3A1 (related to type I) and SLC7A9 (related to non-type I), cannot, however, in all cases explain the disease. Inasmuch as a high urinary concentration of cystine is the basis of stone formation in these patients, our aim was to measure urinary total cystine, arginine, lysine and ornithine, in patients currently lacking a full genetic explanation for their disease. Thirty-three patients with cystinuria who were on long-term treatment with tiopronin or D-penicillamine were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised eight patients who carried mutation in one of the SLC3A1 alleles and two patients who completely lacked mutations both in the SLC3A1 and the SLC7A9 genes, that is genetic findings discordant with the increased urinary excretion of cystine and the dibasic amino acids in these patients. Group 2 comprised 23 patients homozygous for mutations within SLC3A1, that is genetic findings in accordance with the excretion pattern of classic type I cystinuria. When the two groups were compared, Group 1 had a significantly higher total urinary excretion of cystine (p<0.01) as well as of arginine, lysine and ornithine (p<0.05) than Group 2. Also, when the two patients without mutations were excluded from the calculations, there still was a significant difference in the urinary excretion of total cystine (p<0.05). This suggests that the two patients without any detected mutations in the two known cystine transport genes also contributed to the difference. These unexpected findings indicate that an additional gene or genes participate in the urinary cystine reabsorption in the cystinuric patients who currently are without a full genetic explanation for their disease.
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| 23. |
- Flores-Alsina, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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Benchmarking strategies to control GHG production and emissions
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Quantification and Modelling of Fugitive Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Urban Water Systems : A report from the IWA Task Group on GHG - A report from the IWA Task Group on GHG. - : IWA Publishing. - 9781789060454 - 9781789060461 ; , s. 213-228
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benchmarking has been a useful tool for unbiased comparison of control strategies in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in terms of effluent quality, operational cost and risk of suffering microbiology-related total suspended solids (TSS) separation problems. This chapter presents the status of extending the original Benchmark Simulation Model No 2 (BSM2) towards including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A mathematical approach based on a set of comprehensive models that estimate all potential on-site and off-site sources of COinf2/inf, CHinf4/inf and Ninf2/infO is presented and discussed in detail. Based upon the assumptions built into the model structures, simulation results highlight the potential undesirable effects on increased GHG emissions when carrying out local energy optimization in the activated sludge section and/or energy recovery in the anaerobic digester. Although off-site COinf2/inf emissions may decrease in such scenarios due to either lower aeration energy requirement or higher heat and electricity production, these effects may be counterbalanced by increased Ninf2/infO emissions, especially since Ninf2/infO has a 300-fold stronger greenhouse effect than COinf2/inf. The reported results emphasize the importance of using integrated approaches when comparing and evaluating (plant-wide) control strategies in WWTPs for more informed operational decision-making.
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| 24. |
- Flores, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing effluent quality, economic cost and greenhouse gas emissions during the evaluation of (plant-wide) control/operational strategies in WWTPs.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 466-467C, s. 616-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper was to show the potential additional insight that result from adding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to plant performance evaluation criteria, such as effluent quality (EQI) and operational cost (OCI) indices, when evaluating (plant-wide) control/operational strategies in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The proposed GHG evaluation is based on a set of comprehensive dynamic models that estimate the most significant potential on-site and off-site sources of CO2, CH4 and N2O. The study calculates and discusses the changes in EQI, OCI and the emission of GHGs as a consequence of varying the following four process variables: (i) the set point of aeration control in the activated sludge section; (ii) the removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) in the primary clarifier; (iii) the temperature in the anaerobic digester; and (iv) the control of the flow of anaerobic digester supernatants coming from sludge treatment. Based upon the assumptions built into the model structures, simulation results highlight the potential undesirable effects of increased GHG production when carrying out local energy optimization of the aeration system in the activated sludge section and energy recovery from the AD. Although off-site CO2 emissions may decrease, the effect is counterbalanced by increased N2O emissions, especially since N2O has a 300-fold stronger greenhouse effect than CO2. The reported results emphasize the importance and usefulness of using multiple evaluation criteria to compare and evaluate (plant-wide) control strategies in a WWTP for more informed operational decision making.
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| 25. |
- Flores, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of (synthetic) influent data for performing wastewater treatment modelling studies
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The success of many modelling studies strongly depends on the availability of sufficiently long influent time series - the main disturbance of a typical wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) - representing the inherent natural variability at the plant inlet as accurately as possible. This is an important point since most modelling projects suffer from a lack of realistic data representing the influent wastewater dynamics. The objective of this paper is to show the advantages of creating synthetic data when performing modelling studies for WWTPs. This study reviews the different principles that influent generators can be based on, in order to create realistic influent time series. In addition, the paper summarizes the variables that those models can describe: influent flow rate, temperature and traditional/emerging pollution compounds, weather conditions (dry/wet) as well as their temporal resolution (from minutes to years). The importance of calibration/validation is addressed and the authors critically analyse the pros and cons of manual versus automatic and frequentistic vs Bayesian methods. The presentation will focus on potential engineering applications of influent generators, illustrating the different model concepts with case studies. The authors have significant experience using these types of tools and have worked on interesting case studies that they will share with the audience. Discussion with experts at the WWTmod seminar shall facilitate identifying critical knowledge gaps in current WWTP influent disturbance models. Finally, the outcome of these discussions will be used to define specific tasks that should be tackled in the near future to achieve more general acceptance and use of WWTP influent generators.
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| 26. |
- Forsberg, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Low background and high contrast PET imaging of amyloid-β with [11C]AZD2995 and [11C]AZD2184 in Alzheimer's disease patients
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 40:4, s. 580-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate AZD2995 side by side with AZD2184 as novel PET radioligands for imaging of amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODS: In vitro binding of tritium-labelled AZD2995 and AZD2184 was studied and compared with that of the established amyloid-β PET radioligand PIB. Subsequently, a first-in-human in vivo PET study was performed using [(11)C]AZD2995 and [(11)C]AZD2184 in three healthy control subjects and seven AD patients.RESULTS: AZD2995, AZD2184 and PIB were found to share the same binding site to amyloid-β. [(3)H]AZD2995 had the highest signal-to-background ratio in brain tissue from patients with AD as well as in transgenic mice. However, [(11)C]AZD2184 had superior imaging properties in PET, as shown by larger effect sizes comparing binding potential values in cortical regions of AD patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, probably due to a lower amount of nonspecific binding, the group separation of the distribution volume ratio values of [(11)C]AZD2995 was greater in areas with lower amyloid-β load, e.g. the hippocampus.CONCLUSION: Both AZD2995 and AZD2184 detect amyloid-β with high affinity and specificity and also display a lower degree of nonspecific binding than that reported for PIB. Overall [(11)C]AZD2184 seems to be an amyloid-β radioligand with higher uptake and better group separation when compared to [(11)C]AZD2995. However, the very low nonspecific binding of [(11)C]AZD2995 makes this radioligand potentially interesting as a tool to study minute levels of amyloid-β. This sensitivity may be important in investigating, for example, early prodromal stages of AD or in the longitudinal study of a disease modifying therapy.
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| 27. |
- Forssell, Emilia
(författare)
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Skyddandets förnuft : en studie om anhöriga till hjälpbehövande äldre som invandrat sent i livet
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation aims to examine and deepen the knowledge of family member caregiving where the care recipient is an elderly person who immigrated late in life. It also aims to contribute to the knowledge of the complexities underlying informal care giving and add to our understandings of what it means to be an immigrant in Sweden. The caregiver is in focus. The research conducted is explorative and partly inductive. The main material used is a qualitative interview study carried out with family members from different countries who are providing informal care to elderly immigrant relatives. The analysis gives three patterns of caregiving. One shows help from informal caregivers only who are not compensated economically. Another shows help from family members who are compensated. The third shows help from family members and staff from the public care system. Three ideal-typical informal caregiver roles show different positions vis-à-vis the new: “guardian”, “filter” and “reinterpreter of traditional care ideals”. Swedish born and immigrated informal caregivers are also compared through analysis of data gathered in telephone interviews with a representative selection of inhabitants in the County of Stockholm.A philosophy of action together with theory on integration and multiculturalism serves as theoretical frameworks to understand discrepancies and ambiguities in the data. Young immigrants experience different integration processes than do the older ones. They strive to protect older family members from changes linked to the migration experience. Talk about dependence on culture underlines family feelings and legitimates the processes of protection. Preconceptions about great differences between Swedish born and immigrant families are not supported by quantitative data. A conclusion is that protection can be understood in relation both to the traditional and the new, the latter in the forms of meetings with Swedish society where unequal relations prevail. It is a kind of counter-strategy where the range of actions is diminished, and thus it has its own logic. Protection can be loosened up when the circumstances change and the range of actions grow.
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| 28. |
- Frogner, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Industrial heating using energy efficient induction technology
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 44th CIRP International Conference on Manufacturing Systems.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedThe demands for energy efficent heating solutions for the manufacturing industry can be met by a newinduction heating platform, presented in this article. A new concept and technology to design andmanufacture induction heating unit is presented, as well as a prototype induction heater, evaluated and testedin an industrial environment. Improvements compared to existing heating solutions can be clearly shown, e.g.higher heating efficiency, no requirement for advanced cooling, a higher geometrical flexibility and alsoenvironmental gains. The Greenheat platform is built on Litz wiring, SMC flux conductors, and a castingtechnology which is outlined in the article.
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| 29. |
- Grzymala-Lubanski, Bartosz, et al.
(författare)
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Warfarin treatment quality and prognosis in patients with mechanical heart valve prosthesis.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Heart (British Cardiac Society). - : BMJ. - 1468-201X .- 1355-6037. ; 103:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the impact of time in therapeutic range (TTR) and international normalised ratio (INR) variability on the risk of thromboembolic events, major bleeding complications and death after mechanical heart valve (MHV) implantation. Additionally, the importance of different target INR levels was elucidated.
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| 30. |
- Gudbjartsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after heart surgery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:2, s. 145-155
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundNew‐onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (poAF) complicates approximately 20‐60% of all cardiac surgical procedures and is associated with an increased periprocedural mortality and morbitity, prolonged hospital stay, increased costs, and worse long‐term survival. Unfortunately multiple advances in surgery and perioperative care over the last two decades have not led to a reduction in the incidence of poAF or associated complications in the daily clinical practice.MethodsA narrative review of the available literature was performed.ResultsAn extensive review of the pathophysiology of poAF following cardiac surgery, clinical, and procedural risk‐factors is provided, as well as prophylactic measures and treatment.ConclusionMultiple strategies to prevent and manage poAF following heart surgery already exist. Our hope is that this review will facilitate more rigorous testing of prevention strategies, implementation of prophylaxis regimens as well as optimal treatment of this common and serious complication.
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| 31. |
- Hardell, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A relational database for general mechanical systems
- 1995
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Ingår i: Computational Dynamics in Multibody Systems. - Dordrecht : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 792333047 ; , s. 49-59
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a specification of a relational data base structure for mechanical systems. Through the example provided, a robot gripping device, it is demonstrated how the initial development of the data-base structure has successfully led to an implementation in a practical software environment. The data base is accessible to multiple engineering application programs and supports a flexible environment for the continuing development of new applications
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Jeppsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial translocation: Impact of probiotics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1102-6480 .- 1651-2359. ; 48:1, s. 37-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a considerable amount of data in humans showing that patients who cannot take in nutrients enterally have more organ failure in the intensive care unit, a less favourable prognosis, and a higher frequency of septicaemia, in particular involving bacterial species from the intestinal tract. However, there is little evidence that this is connected with translocation of bacterial species in humans. Animal data more uniformly imply the existence of such a connection. The main focus of this review is to describe different ways to alter the luminal milieu to decrease bacterial translocation. It is possible to reduce absorption of endotoxin by administration of bile salts in obstructive jaundice. Increasing the oral intake of glutamine will reduce bacterial translocation in rats with radiation-induced gut injury. The bacterial microflora plays a very important role in maintaining the normal intestinal ecological environment and supplying preferred fuels to the intestinal wall, consequently supporting the intestinal barrier. Disruption of the balance of intestinal bacterial microflora may increase the incidence of bacterial translocation by modifying intestinal barrier function. Bacterial species such as enteric Gram-negatives and Gram-positive cocci are more prone to translocation, whereas lactobacilli seem to have a protective effect. Administration of live lactobacilli either orally or by enema will reduce translocation. The mechanisms underlying the decreased translocation are not obvious. One effect may be mediated via an action on the intestinal wall and its permeability. Recently, the results of three randomized studies on the use of L. plantarum in patients with pancreatitis, undergoing liver transplantation or upper gastrointestinal surgery have been published, which all indicate a potential role for lactobacilli in translocation. In conclusion, by altering the luminal content of bacteria it seems possible to reduce the incidence of secondary infections. The influence of the luminal milieu on bacterial translocation is not fully understood. There is convincing evidence from experimental studies, but only circumstantial evidence from clinical studies.
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| 35. |
- Jeppsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Kirurgi.
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
- Jeppsson, B, et al.
(författare)
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Kirurgi.
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Jeppsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Use of Probiotics as Prophylaxis for Postoperative Infections
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 3:5, s. 604-612
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postoperative bacterial infections are common despite prophylactic administration of antibiotics. The wide-spread use of antibiotics in patients has contributed to the emergence of multiresistant bacteria. A restricted use of antibiotics must be followed in most clinical situations. In surgical patients there are several reasons for an altered microbial flora in the gut in combination with an altered barrier function leading to an enhanced inflammatory response to surgery. Several experimental and clinical studies have shown that probiotics (mainly lactobacilli) may reduce the number of potentially pathogenia bacteria (PPM) and restore a deranged barrier function. It is therefore of interest to test if these abilities of probiotics can be utilized in preoperative prophylaxis. These factors may be corrected by perioperative administration of probiotics in addition to antibiotics. Fourteen randomized clinical trials have been presented in which the effect of such regimens has been tested. It seems that in patients undergoing liver transplantation or elective surgery in the upper gastrointestinal tract prophylactic administration of different probiotic strains in combination with different fibers results in a three-fold reduction in postoperative infections. In parallel there seems to be a reduction in postoperative inflammation, although that has not been studied in a systematic way. The use of similar concepts in colorectal surgery has not been successful in reducing postoperative infections. Reasons for this difference are not obvious. It may be that higher doses of probiotics with longer duration are needed to influence microbiota in the lower gastrointestinal tract or that immune function in colorectal patients may not be as important as in transplantation or surgery in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The favorable results for the use of prophylactic probiotics in some settings warrant further controlled studies to elucidate potential mechanisms, impact on gut microbiota and influence on clinical management. The use of probiotics must be better delineated in relation to type of bacteria, dose and length of administration.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Jeppsson, Peter
(författare)
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Computer integrated design systems in concurrent engineering
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis comprises six papers dealing with implementations and techniques for linking computer-aided applications for design and analysis into a concurrent engineering environment. Each paper deals with a part of the environment - together they constitute an integrated design system for concurrent engineering. Concurrent engineering requires applications across all functions within the company to share and communicate information. The applications used in the product development process need to be linked together. This thesis examines the linking, of applications using databases. In Papers A, B, C, D and F this linking is studied using a relational database. In Paper E an object-oriented database is investigated. Using database technology proved to be an efficient way of linking applications together. In Papers A, C, D and E databases for geometric data, measurement instructions, mechanical systems, computational fluid dynamic and finite element data have been developed as part of a general concurrent engineering environment. In Papers B, E and F the general concurrent engineering environment has successfully been used for performing simulations of manufacturing processes and product performance as well as the verification of the shape of products manufactured by hot isostatic pressing. Solid models have been used throughout all the work as the foundation for the product definition. The solid models can be used by many downstream functions and provide an efficient base for the geometric definition and associated information such as analysis models and probe paths for coordinate measurement inspections.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Jeppsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated design and verification system for finite element modelling
- 1993
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Ingår i: Concurrent Engineering - Research and Applications. - 1063-293X .- 1531-2003. ; 1:4, s. 213-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a computer-integrated system for design, manufacturing simulation, and inspection using a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). The work is concerned with the problem of predicting the shape of the container for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and it focuses on the verification of a finite element (FE) simulation model for HIP. The verification is performed by comparing the simulated geometry of a real component produced by HIP. The geometry of the HIP component is measured by a CMM. The whole process from design and manufactunng simulation to inspection and geometry verification is performed within a computer-aided concurrent engineering (CACE) system. The system is built on both commercial and non-commercial software. The communication between a CMM, a geometnc modelling system, and the finite element simulation codes is developed. The manufacturing of a turbine component to net shape geometry using HIP is chosen as a demonstrator example. The benefits of the presented CACE system are time and cost savings as well as higher product quality.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Johansson, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac hypertrophy in a dish: a human stem cell based mode
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biology Open. - : The Company of Biologists. - 2046-6390. ; 9:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac hypertrophy is an important and independent risk factor for the development of heart failure. To better understand the mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy, there is a need for improved in vitro models. In this study, we investigated how hypertrophic stimulation affected human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs). The cells were stimulated with endothelin-1 (ET-1) for 8, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. Parameters including cell size, ANP-, proBNP-, and lactate concentration were analyzed. Moreover, transcriptional profiling using RNA-sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes following ET-1 stimulation. The results show that the CMs increase in size by approximately 13% when exposed to ET-1 in parallel to increases in ANP and proBNP protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, the lactate concentration in the media was increased indicating that the CMs consume more glucose, a hallmark of cardiac hypertrophy. Using RNA-seq, a hypertrophic gene expression pattern was also observed in the stimulated CMs. Taken together, these results show that hiPSC-derived CMs stimulated with ET-1 display a hypertrophic response. The results from this study also provide new molecular insights about the underlying mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and may help accelerate the development of new drugs against this condition.
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| 46. |
- Johansson, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Data Mining Identifies CCN2 and THBS1 as Biomarker Candidates for Cardiac Hypertrophy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Life-Basel. - : MDPI AG. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac hypertrophy is a condition that may contribute to the development of heart failure. In this study, we compare the gene-expression patterns of our in vitro stem-cell-based cardiac hypertrophy model with the gene expression of biopsies collected from hypertrophic human hearts. Twenty-five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from both groups were identified and the expression of selected corresponding secreted proteins were validated using ELISA and Western blot. Several biomarkers, including CCN2, THBS1, NPPA, and NPPB, were identified, which showed significant overexpressions in the hypertrophic samples in both the cardiac biopsies and in the endothelin-1-treated cells, both at gene and protein levels. The protein-interaction network analysis revealed CCN2 as a central node among the 25 overlapping DEGs, suggesting that this gene might play an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. GO-enrichment analysis of the 25 DEGs revealed many biological processes associated with cardiac function and the development of cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, we identified important similarities between ET-1-stimulated human-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human hypertrophic cardiac tissue. Novel putative cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers were identified and validated on the protein level, lending support for further investigations to assess their potential for future clinical applications.
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| 47. |
- Johansson, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Omics Characterization of a Human Stem Cell-Based Model of Cardiac Hypertrophy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Life-Basel. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-1729. ; 12:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac hypertrophy is an important and independent risk factor for the development of cardiac myopathy that may lead to heart failure. The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac hypertrophy are yet not well understood. To increase the knowledge about mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, we have developed a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based in vitro model of cardiac hypertrophy and performed extensive characterization using a multi-omics approach. In a series of experiments, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were stimulated with Endothelin-1 for 8, 24, 48, and 72 h, and their transcriptome and secreted proteome were analyzed. The transcriptomic data show many enriched canonical pathways related to cardiac hypertrophy already at the earliest time point, e.g., cardiac hypertrophy signaling. An integrated transcriptome-secretome analysis enabled the identification of multimodal biomarkers that may prove highly relevant for monitoring early cardiac hypertrophy progression. Taken together, the results from this study demonstrate that our in vitro model displays a hypertrophic response on both transcriptomic- and secreted-proteomic levels. The results also shed novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, and novel putative early cardiac hypertrophy biomarkers have been identified that warrant further investigation to assess their potential clinical relevance.
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| 48. |
- Johnson, Louis Banka, et al.
(författare)
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Combination of pre-operative radiotherapy and surgery suppresses local accumulation of collagen and TGF-beta 1 in rats
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8673 .- 0022-4804. ; 133:2, s. 136-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The systemic and local tissue repair responses of radiation in combination with surgery are still unclear. We have studied the effect of fractionated pre-operative radiotherapy with or without subsequent laparotomy on collagen accumulation using a rodent model. Materials and methods. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (eight rats per group): 1) sham radiation and sham laparotomy (control); 2) sham radiation and laparotomy; 3) radiation and sham laparotomy; and 4) radiation followed by laparotomy. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) tubes were implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal wall in the radiotherapy field and on the back outside the radiotherapy field day 0. The abdomen (3 cm x 4 cm) was irradiated day 3 (10 Gy) and again day 7 (10 Gy). On day 10, implants were extirpated, laparotomy undertaken in groups 2 and 4 and new ePTFE tubes implanted subcutaneously. The second implants were extirpated on day 20. Implants were analyzed for hydroxyproline, total protein and transforming growth factor-ss 1 (TGF-ss 1) levels. Results. On day 10, hydroxyproline (P < 0.05) and TGF-ss 1 (P < 0.001) were lower in ePTFE tubes in irra-diated compared with non-irradiated rats. On day 20, the abdominal ePTFE hydroxyproline remained low (P < 0.001) in animals subjected to laparotomy and pre-operative irradiation while hydroxyproline levels of rats subjected to irradiation only were similar to controls. The effects of radiation on hydroxyproline were confined to the irradiated abdominal area. There was a positive correlation between hydroxyproline and TGF-ss 1 levels in the abdominal wall implant day 20 (r = 0.53, P < 0.005). Conclusion. A clinically relevant fractionated radiation scheme reduced subcutaneous collagen accumulation pre-operatively and profoundly within the radiation field post-operatively after laparotomy, possibly because of lowered TGF ss 1 levels. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Karlsson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of thermal-structural analysis in the product development process
- 1997
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trends of more team working and cross-functional activities in Integrated Product Development increases the requirements on the computer-aided engineering technology used. Experience of using solid models in a product development project at Volvo Aero is presented. Further, it is described how thermal boundary conditions, calculated using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, can be integrated with thermal structural analysis in a commercial Finite Element code. It is argued that incremental technology development using technology based on international standards, e.g., the STEP standard, is a low-risk, highly efficient strategy for improving multi-functional analysis systems.
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