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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Janciauskiene, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Adhesion molecules in dementia
- 2016
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Ingår i: Adhesion Molecules. - 9781138117891 - 9781439840603 ; , s. 477-495
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the past decade it has become evident that immunological, infl ammatory and vascular processes play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of various neuro-degenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and genetically heterogeneous disease that is the most common form of dementia and aff ects up to 15 million individuals worldwide. Th e presenting pathology of AD includes extacellular neuritic plaques composed of beta-amyloid peptide (Aß) and intracellular neurofi brillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, with neuronal loss in specifi c brain regions. A large body of evidence suggests that some form(s) of the polymorphic Aß are neurotoxic and induce neuronal death, tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death. However, the mechanisms underlying these pathological changes are still largely unknown. Th e early stages of symptomatic AD are characterized by memory impairment and subtle behavioral changes that are associated with changes in synaptic function. Th e loss of synapses strongly correlates with cognitive decline in AD and is now thought to result from the interactions of toxic forms of Aß peptide with molecules that are essential for neuronal integrity and synaptic connections. A combination of cell culture and animal studies has recently shown that adhesion molecules play important roles in synapse initiation, maturation, and function. Functional studies of individual adhesion molecules have begun to provide information on their role in synapse assembly and synaptic plasticity. In this chapter, we review the roles of diff erent families of adhesion molecules, including the immunoglobulins, integrins, cadherins and selectins, in normal brain and in dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease.
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| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2015 challenge results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops ICCVW 2015. - : IEEE. - 9780769557205 ; , s. 564-586
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2015, VOT2015, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 62 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2015 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2015 challenge that go beyond its VOT2014 predecessor are: (i) a new VOT2015 dataset twice as large as in VOT2014 with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2014 evaluation methodology by introduction of a new performance measure. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 4. |
- Liu, Jianguo, et al.
(författare)
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Iridium-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of allylic alcohols via dynamic kinetic resolution
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Catalysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2520-1158. ; 1:6, s. 438-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic kinetic resolutions (DKRs) allow for the conversion of both enantiomers of starting material into a single enantiomer of product, hence avoiding the 50% yield limit observed in traditional kinetic resolutions. Transition-metal-catalysed variants have become an important and useful method in asymmetric synthesis. Here we report an asymmetric hydrogenation of allylic alcohols using an Ir–N,P-ligand complex via DKR. In contrast to the many DKRs involving carbonyl reduction, this methodology allows for DKR during alkene reduction. Mechanistic studies support the hypothesis that racemization of the substrate is achieved by cleavage and reforming of the oxygen–carbon bond. Under the cooperative dynamic kinetic asymmetric hydrogenation, a broad range of chiral alcohols containing two stereogenic centres were produced with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 95:5) and enantioselectivities (up to 99%).
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Pei, Jin-Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Dementia studies in Chinese populations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Bulletin. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1673-7067 .- 1995-8218. ; 30:2, s. 207-216
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variations in the prevalence of dementia in different ethnic groups have been reported worldwide, and a number of reviews have provided a picture of epidemiological studies in dementia research. However, little is known about epidemiological studies in Chinese populations. In this review, we searched PubMed and the Web of Science for original research articles published in English up to July 2013 on the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of dementia in Chinese populations worldwide. Except for the prevalence, we included only population-based follow-up studies. We identified 25 studies in elderly Chinese residents in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore, and found a higher prevalence of dementia in Mainland China than in the other locations, which may be due to that the studies from Mainland China are more recent than those from other locations. A notable increase in incidence was observed when dementia cases were diagnosed using 10/66 diagnostic criteria compared to other criteria. Studies on risk factors for dementia were limited and mostly from Mainland China. Age, gender, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption were related to the risk of dementia in Chinese populations. Only two prognostic studies were identified, and age, gender, and residential area were related to the prognosis of dementia. In conclusion, the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for dementia found in Chinese populations were comparable to other ethnic groups, but no conclusive results on prognosis were found. The differences in prevalence and incidence were influenced by the diagnostic criteria and the time of study. Longitudinal population-based studies on the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of dementia in Chinese populations are required.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Yongxiang, et al.
(författare)
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Health status and risk profiles for brain aging of rural‐dwelling older adults : Data from the interdisciplinary baseline assessments in MIND‐China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alzheimer’s & Dementia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2352-8737. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Multidomain intervention approaches have emerged as a potential strategy to reduce dementia risk. We sought to describe the baseline assessment approaches, health conditions, and risk profiles for brain aging of participants in the randomized controlled Multimodal INterventions to delay Dementia and disability in rural China (MIND-China).Methods: MIND-China engaged residents who were >= 60 years of age and living in rural communities in the western Shandong province. In March to September 2018, all participants underwent the core module assessments via face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, neuropsychological testings, and laboratory tests. Specific modules of examination were performed for sub-samples, including brain magnetic resonance imaging scans, genetic and blood biochemical markers, actigraphy testing, cardiopulmonary coupling analysis for sleep quality and disturbances, audiometric testing, and optical coherence tomography examination. We performed descriptive analysis.Results: In total, 5765 participants (74.9% of all eligible residents) undertook the baseline assessments. The mean age was 70.9 years (standard deviation, 5.9), 57.2% were women, 40.6% were illiterate, and 88.3% were farmers. The overall prevalence of common chronic diseases was 67.2% for hypertension, 23.4% for dyslipidemia, 23.5% for heart disease, 14.4% for diabetes mellitus, and 5.4% for dementia. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, heart disease, depressive symptoms, and dementia were higher in women than in men (P < .05). Overall, 87.1% of the participants had at least two of the 15 chronic diseases (89.3% in women vs 84.2% in men, P < .001). Participants examined for the specific modules were younger, more likely to be women, and more educated than those not examined.Discussion: Comprehensive baseline assessments of participants in MIND-China provide extremely valuable data sources for interdisciplinary research into the complex relationships of aging, health, brain aging, and functional consequences among older adults living in the rural communities.Highlights:MIND-China is a multimodal intervention study among rural residents >= 60 years of age.At baseline, 5765 participants undertook the interdisciplinary assessments.The baseline assessments consisted of core module and specific modules.Specific modules included brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood biomarkers, ActiGraph, cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC), pure-tone audiometry (PTA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Wu, Haibo, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric Arene Hydrogenation with Cooperative Homogenous and Heterogeneous Rhodium Catalysis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyzed reactions can seldom operate synergistically under the same conditions. Here we communicate the use of a single rhodium precursor that acts in both the homogeneous and heterogeneous phase for the asymmetric hydrogenation of simple substituted benzenes that, to date, constitute an unmet bottle-neck in the field. A simple asymmetric hydrogenation of a styrenic olefin, enabled by a ligand accelerated effect, accounted for the facial selectivity in the consecutive arene hydrogenation. Tuning the ratio between the phosphine ligand and the rhodium precursor controlled the formation of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic species that operates without interference from each other. The system is flexible in terms of both the chiral ligand and the nature of the external olefin. We anticipate that our findings will promote the development of asymmetric arene hydrogenations.
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| 10. |
- Wu, Haibo, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric Full Saturation of Vinylarenes with Cooperative Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Rhodium Catalysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 143:48, s. 20377-20383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyzed reactions can seldom operate synergistically under the same conditions. Here we communicate the use of a single rhodium precursor that acts in both the homogeneous and heterogeneous phases for the asymmetric full saturation of vinylarenes that, to date, constitute an unmet bottleneck in the field. A simple asymmetric hydrogenation of a styrenic olefin, enabled by a ligand accelerated effect, accounted for the facial selectivity in the consecutive arene hydrogenation. Tuning the ratio between the phosphine ligand and the rhodium precursor controlled the formation of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic species that operate without interference from each other. The system is flexible in terms of both the chiral ligand and the nature of the external olefin. We anticipate that our findings will promote the development of asymmetric arene hydrogenations.
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| 11. |
- Yu, Huangjing, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Aquila optimizer algorithm for global optimization and constrained engineering problems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. - : AIMS Press. - 1547-1063 .- 1551-0018. ; 19:12, s. 14173-14211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Aquila optimizer (AO) is a recently developed swarm algorithm that simulates the hunting behavior of Aquila birds. In complex optimization problems, an AO may have slow convergence or fall in sub-optimal regions, especially in high complex ones. This paper tries to overcome these problems by using three different strategies: restart strategy, opposition-based learning and chaotic local search. The developed algorithm named as mAO was tested using 29 CEC 2017 functions and five different engineering constrained problems. The results prove the superiority and efficiency of mAO in solving many optimization issues.
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