| 1. |
- Jenvert, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the applicability of GARDskin to predict skin sensitizers in extracts from medical device materials
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Toxicology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-3080. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biocompatibility testing of medical devices is governed by the ISO 10993 series of standards and includes evaluation of skin sensitization potential of the final product. A majority of all medical devices are tested using in vivo methods, largely due to the lack of in vitro methods validated within the applicability domain of solid materials. The GARDskin method for assessment of chemical skin sensitizers is a validated method included in the OECD Test Guideline 442E, based on evaluation of transcriptional patterns of an endpoint-specific genomic biomarker signature in a dendritic cell-like cell, following test chemical exposure. The current study aimed to evaluate the applicability of GARDskin for the purpose of testing solid materials by incorporation of extraction procedures described in ISO 10993-12:2021, as well as to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed protocols, by testing of custom-made materials spiked with sensitizing agents. It was shown that GARDskin is compatible with both polar and non-polar extraction vehicles frequently used for the purpose of medical device biological testing. Further, exploring three different material types spiked with up to four different sensitizing agents, as well as three unspiked control materials and commercial reference products, it was shown that the method correctly classified all evaluated test materials. Taken together, the data presented suggest that GARDskin may constitute a valid alternative to in vivo experimentation for the purpose of skin sensitization assessment of medical devices.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the GARD assay in a blind cosmetics Europe study
- 2017
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Ingår i: ALTEX Alternatives To Animal Experimentation. - : ALTEX Edition. - 1868-596X. ; 34:4, s. 515-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical hypersensitivity is an immunological response towards foreign substances, commonly referred to as sensitizers, which gives rise primarily to the clinical symptoms known as allergic contact dermatitis. For the purpose of mitigating risks associated with consumer products, chemicals are screened for sensitizing effects. Historically, such predictive screenings have been performed using animal models. However, due to industrial and regulatory demand, animal models for the purpose of sensitization assessment are being replaced by non-animal testing methods, a global trend that is spreading across industries and market segments. To meet this demand, the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD) assay was developed. GARD is a novel, cell-based assay that utilizes the innate recognition of xenobiotic substances by dendritic cells, as measured by a multivariate readout of genomic biomarkers. Following cellular stimulation, chemicals are classified as sensitizers or non-sensitizers based on induced transcriptional profiles. Recently, a number of non-animal methods were comparatively evaluated by Cosmetics Europe, using a coherent and blinded test panel of reference chemicals with human and local lymph node assay data, comprising a wide range of sensitizers and non-sensitizers. The outcome of the GARD assay is presented in this paper. It was demonstrated that GARD is a highly functional assay with a predictive performance of 83% in this Cosmetics Europe dataset. The average accumulated predictive accuracy of GARD across independent datasets was 86% for skin sensitization hazard.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the SUNRA Tool to Improve Regional and Local Sustainability of the Transportation Sector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:18, s. 11275-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To fulfil the global sustainable development goals (SDGs), achieving sustainable development is becoming urgent, not least in the transportation sector. In response to this, the sustainability framework Sustainability National Road Administrations (SUNRA) was developed to contribute to improving the sustainability performance of national road administrations across Europe. In the present study, the framework has been tested, applied and further developed to be applicable for target setting and follow-up at the project level at both the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) and at municipal levels. The aim was a framework relevant for investment, re-investments, maintenance and operation projects and also to make it more user applicable. The study also investigated how the framework can contribute to sustainability, identified drivers and barriers for applying the framework and examined whether the framework can be applied and adapted to projects of different complexities. The adaptations and developments were done in collaboration between researchers and practitioners. The results show that the framework could easily be used and adapted for investment, re-investment, maintenance and operation projects in the planning stage, as well as for small municipal establishments, construction or reconstruction of residential areas and frequent maintenance. The framework contributes to increased awareness on sustainability, and it provides a common structure and transparency on how infrastructure project goals/targets are set and fulfilled. The framework can also be applied to follow the fulfilment of the goals/targets and thereby adapt the project to better fulfil the goals. Identified barriers include the lack of obligations and lack of experience in using sustainability frameworks.
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| 5. |
- Ardehed, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Complex spatial clonal structure in the macroalgae Fucus radicans with both sexual and asexual recruitment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 5:19, s. 4233-4245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In dioecious species with both sexual and asexual reproduction, the spatial distribution of individual clones affects the potential for sexual reproduction and local adaptation. The seaweed Fucus radicans, endemic to the Baltic Sea, has separate sexes, but new attached thalli may also form asexually. We mapped the spatial distribution of clones (multilocus genotypes, MLGs) over macrogeographic (>500km) and microgeographic (<100m) scales in the Baltic Sea to assess the relationship between clonal spatial structure, sexual recruitment, and the potential for natural selection. Sexual recruitment was predominant in some areas, while in others asexual recruitment dominated. Where clones of both sexes were locally intermingled, sexual recruitment was nevertheless low. In some highly clonal populations, the sex ratio was strongly skewed due to dominance of one or a few clones of the same sex. The two largest clones (one female and one male) were distributed over 100-550km of coast and accompanied by small and local MLGs formed by somatic mutations and differing by 1-2 mutations from the large clones. Rare sexual events, occasional long-distance migration, and somatic mutations contribute new genotypic variation potentially available to natural selection. However, dominance of a few very large (and presumably old) clones over extensive spatial and temporal scales suggested that either these have superior traits or natural selection has only been marginally involved in the structuring of genotypes.
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| 6. |
- Ardehed, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Divergence within and among Seaweed Siblings (Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans) in the Baltic Sea
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Closely related taxa provide significant case studies for understanding evolution of new species but may simultaneously challenge species identification and definition. In the Baltic Sea, two dominant and perennial brown algae share a very recent ancestry. Fucus vesiculosus invaded this recently formed postglacial sea 8000 years ago and shortly thereafter Fucus radicans diverged from this lineage as an endemic species. In the Baltic Sea both species reproduce sexually but also recruit fully fertile new individuals by asexual fragmentation. Earlier studies have shown local differences in morphology and genetics between the two taxa in the northern and western Bothnian Sea, and around the island of Saaremaa in Estonia, but geographic patterns seemin conflict with a single origin of F. radicans. To investigate the relationship between northern and Estonian distributions, we analysed the genetic variation using 9 microsatellite loci in populations from eastern Bothnian Sea, Archipelago Sea and the Gulf of Finland. These populations are located in between earlier studied populations. However, instead of bridging the disparate genetic gap between N-W Bothnian Sea and Estonia, as expected from a simple isolation-by-distance model, the new populations substantially increased overall genetic diversity and showed to be strongly divergent from the two earlier analysed regions, showing signs of additional distinct populations. Contrasting earlier findings of increased asexual recruitment in low salinity in the Bothnian Sea, we found high levels of sexual reproduction in some of the Gulf of Finland populations that inhabit extremely low salinity. The new data generated in this study supports the earlier conclusion of two reproductively isolated but very closely related species. However, the new results also add considerable genetic and morphological complexity within species. This makes species separation at geographic scales more demanding and suggests a need for more comprehensive approaches to further disentangle the intriguing relationship and history of the Baltic Sea fucoids.
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| 7. |
- Berggren, Jan, 1965-
(författare)
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Projekt History hunt : bedömning av digitala projekt i engelskundervisningen
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digitalisering av ämnesundervisning såsom i engelska är en process som kommit att fokuseras i skolutveckling de senaste åren. Samtidigt har gymnasielärares vardag i Sverige sedan Lpf 1994 präglats av att läraren har att verka för att på lämpligt sätt bedöma elevers kunskapsprogression mot bakgrund av defiierade mål i nationella styrdokument. Det är i denna skärningspunkt mellan ämnesundervisningens digitalisering och bedömningen av elevers kunskapsprogression som detta projekt tar sin utgångspunkt.Den aspekt som uppmärksammas i projekt History hunt är engelsklärares arbete med en formativ undervisning och bedömning avett gruppbaserat digitaliserat projektarbete. Denna rapport ger en beskrivning och analys av ett initiativ att utveckla en bedömningspraktik för gruppbaserat digitaliserat projektarbete i avancerad språkundervisning i en teknologiskt väl utvecklad skola, med en vetenskaplig grund i det ramverk för digital literacy som formulerats av Dudeney, Hockly och Pegrum (2013).
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| 8. |
- Blideanu, V., et al.
(författare)
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Nucleon-induced reactions at intermediate energies : New data at 96 MeV and theoretical status
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 70:1, s. 014607-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Double-differential cross sections for light charged particle production (up to A=4) were measured in 96 MeV neutron-induced reactions, at the TSL Laboratory Cyclotron in Uppsala (Sweden). Measurements for three targets, Fe, Pb, and U, were performed using two independent devices, SCANDAL and MEDLEY. The data were recorded with low-energy thresholds and for a wide angular range (20°–160°). The normalization procedure used to extract the cross sections is based on the np elastic scattering reaction that we measured and for which we present experimental results. A good control of the systematic uncertainties affecting the results is achieved. Calculations using the exciton model are reported. Two different theoretical approaches proposed to improve its predictive power regarding the complex particle emission are tested. The capabilities of each approach is illustrated by comparison with the 96 MeV data that we measured, and with other experimental results available in the literature.
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| 9. |
- Blomgren, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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How Strong is the Strong Interaction?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the InternationalWorkshop on Nuclear Data for the Transmutation of Nuclear Waste. - 3000122761
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Calliari, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
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Loss and damage and agrifood systems : Addressing gaps and challenges
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Agrifood systems are intrinsically linked to climate change and are particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Each year hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of crops and livestock production is lost due to disaster events, undermining hard-won development gains and livelihoods for farmers. At the same time, agrifood systems are substantial contributors of emissions. As such, agrifood systems must play a central role in providing solutions for climate change – both adaptation and mitigation – while meeting the food security needs of present and future generations. The communities that support and depend on agrifood systems are on the front line of loss and damage associated with climate change. Loss and damage can generally be described as the negative impact of climate change that occurs despite mitigation and adaptation efforts. Addressing loss and damage in the agrifood system is crucial, given its importance for livelihoods and sustainable development. Taking collective action is essential to tackle loss and damage in agrifood systems to ensure that the livelihoods of the most vulnerable communities are adequately protected and food security needs are met. The purpose of this report is to stimulate discussions on the central role of agrifood systems in the loss and damage debate and identify the gaps in data, knowledge and finance that need to be addressed. The report provides an overview of the loss and damage concept, the status of analytical methodologies and tools, a summary of the reporting on loss and damage in nationally determined contributions (NDCs), an outline of the policy needs and some preliminary analysis of the financing needs. Overall, support to countries needs to be targeted and strengthened so that loss and damage in agrifood systems can be dealt with as early as possible. This support needs to ensure that no one is left behind while striving for better production, better nutrition, a better environment and a better life.
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| 11. |
- Carney Almroth, Bethanie, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Early-age changes in oxidative stress in brown trout, Salmo trutta
- 2010
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Ingår i: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. - 1096-4959. ; 155:4, s. 442-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish are often used as models for studies investigating the ability of xenobiotics to induce oxidative stress, though age or developmental stage of the individuals studied has been given little attention. Oxidative stress in other organisms is associated with aging as well as with periods of rapid growth, which occurs in young brown trout. We measured protein carbonyls, 20S proteosome activity and glutathione (GSH) levels in farmed Salmo trutta in four different age groups from 5 months to 3 years. We found an increase in protein carbonyls and a decrease in 20S proteosome activity in both brain and liver tissues of the fish with increasing size and age. Total GSH levels in liver tissue declined as fish aged and the GSSG:GSH ratio increased. Five month and 1 year old trout were treated with paraquat (PQ) to induce oxidative stress. Five month old fish showed no changes in the measured parameters while 1 year old fish had both an increase in protein carbonylation in liver tissue and a decrease in 20S proteosome activity in brain tissue. These results indicate that oxidative stress biomarkers are affected by age or rapid growth in brown trout, and that individuals of different ages respond differently to oxidative stress induced by PQ.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Emilsson, Össur Ingi, et al.
(författare)
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Different chest HRCT scan protocols change the extent of ground glass opacities
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Pulmonary Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2466. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundGround glass opacity (GGO) is the main HRCT feature representing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), but may also represent other conditions such as atelectasis or edema. It is unclear how much this is affected by the HRCT scan protocol used. We aimed to compare the performance of three different HRCT protocols to evaluate the degree of SSc-ILD related changes.MethodsEleven patients with SSc underwent chest HRCT scan by three different protocols: First, a supine scan after lying down for 15 minutes, then two scans in alternating order: A prone position scan, and a supine position scan after performing 10 deep breaths using a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) device. The HRCT scans were evaluated by the Warrick score system for ILD-related findings.ResultsThe three HRCT protocols were compared and resulted in different mean (95% CI) Warrick scores: 9.4 (5.3–13.4) in supine after rest; 7.5 (95% CI 3.8–11.1) in prone and 7.6 (95% CI 4.2–11.1) in supine after PEP. When comparing supine after rest to prone and supine after PEP, the latter two scans had a significantly lower score (p = 0.001 for both comparisons). In all cases, only sub-scores for ground glass opacities differed, while sub-scores for fibrosis-related changes did not change.ConclusionsDifferent HRCT scan protocols significantly altered the Warrick severity score for SSc-ILD findings, primarily because of changes in ground glass opacities. These differences may be clinically meaningful.
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| 14. |
- Engan, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Spleen contraction and Hb elevation after dietary nitrate intake
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 129:6, s. 1324-1329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ingestion of dietary nitrate ([Formula: see text]) is associated with improved exercise tolerance and reduced oxygen (O2) cost of exercise, ascribed to enhanced mitochondrial efficiency, muscle contractile function, or other factors. Nitrate ingestion has also been found to attenuate the reduction in arterial oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) during apnea and to prolong apneic duration. The spleen serves as a dynamic blood pool expelling erythrocytes into the circulation during apnea, and [Formula: see text] and nitric oxide donors may induce vasoactive effects in the mesenteric and splanchnic circulation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of ingestion of concentrated organic [Formula: see text]-rich beetroot juice (BR) on spleen volume and spleen contraction during apnea, and the resulting hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Eight volunteers performed two apneas of submaximal and maximal duration during prone rest ∼2.5 h after ingesting 70 mL of BR (∼5 mmol [Formula: see text]) or placebo (PL; ∼0.003 mmol [Formula: see text]), on separate days in weighted order. Heart rate and [Formula: see text] were monitored continuously and spleen diameters were measured every minute for triaxial volume calculation. Capillary Hb samples were collected at baseline and after the maximal apnea. Baseline spleen volume was reduced by 66 mL after BR ingestion (22.9%; P = 0.026) and Hb was elevated (+3.0%; P = 0.015). During apneas, spleen contraction and Hb increase were similar between BR and PL conditions (NS). The study shows that dietary [Formula: see text]reduces spleen volume at rest, resulting in increased Hb. This spleen-induced Hb elevation following [Formula: see text] ingestions represents a novel mechanism that could enhance performance in conditions involving exercise, apnea, and hypoxia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine changes of spleen volume and circulating Hb following dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation. After dietary [Formula: see text] ingestion, the spleen volume at rest was reduced and Hb was elevated. The spleen contains a dynamic red blood cell reservoir, which can be mobilized and facilitate oxygen transport during various types of physiological stress. This study has revealed an additional, previously unexplored mechanism possibly contributing to the ergogenic effects of dietary [Formula: see text].
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| 15. |
- Freiburghaus, Catja, et al.
(författare)
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Bortezomib prevents cytarabine resistance in MCL, which is characterized by down-regulation of dCK and up-regulation of SPIB resulting in high NF-κB activity
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The addition of high-dose cytarabine to the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has significantly prolonged survival of patients, but relapses are common and are normally associated with increased resistance. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for cytarabine resistance, and to create a tool for drug discovery investigations, we established a unique and molecularly reproducible cytarabine resistant model from the Z138 MCL cell line.METHODS: Effects of different substances on cytarabine-sensitive and resistant cells were evaluated by assessment of cell proliferation using [methyl-14C]-thymidine incorporation and molecular changes were investigated by protein and gene expression analyses.RESULTS: Gene expression profiling revealed that major transcriptional changes occur during the initial phase of adaptation to cellular growth in cytarabine containing media, and only few key genes, including SPIB, are deregulated upon the later development of resistance. Resistance was shown to be mediated by down-regulation of the deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) protein, responsible for activation of nucleoside analogue prodrugs. This key event, emphasized by cross-resistance to other nucleoside analogues, did not only effect resistance but also levels of SPIB and NF-κB, as assessed through forced overexpression in resistant cells. Thus, for the first time we show that regulation of drug resistance through prevention of conversion of pro-drug into active drug are closely linked to increased proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in MCL. Using drug libraries, we identify several substances with growth reducing effect on cytarabine resistant cells. We further hypothesized that co-treatment with bortezomib could prevent resistance development. This was confirmed and show that the dCK levels are retained upon co-treatment, indicating a clinical use for bortezomib treatment in combination with cytarabine to avoid development of resistance. The possibility to predict cytarabine resistance in diagnostic samples was assessed, but analysis show that a majority of patients have moderate to high expression of dCK at diagnosis, corresponding well to the initial clinical response to cytarabine treatment.CONCLUSION: We show that cytarabine resistance potentially can be avoided or at least delayed through co-treatment with bortezomib, and that down-regulation of dCK and up-regulation of SPIB and NF-κB are the main molecular events driving cytarabine resistance development.
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| 16. |
- Hedman, Angelica, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of HPGe detectors using Computed Tomography
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 785, s. 21-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computed Tomography (CT) high resolution imaging have been used to investigate if there is a significant change in the crystal-to-window distance, i.e. the air gap thickness, in a small n-type detector cooled to 77 K, and in a medium sized p-type HPGe detector when cooled to 100 K. The findings were compared to detector dimension data made available by the manufacturer. The air gap thickness increased by (0.38 +/- 0.07) mm for the n-type detector and by (0.40 +/- 0.15) mm for the p-type detector when the detectors were cooled to 77 resp. 100 K compared to at room temperature. Monte Carlo calculations indicate that these differences have a significant impact on the efficiency in close geometries (
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| 17. |
- Hildebrand, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Elastic Neutron Scattering at 96 MeV
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Jarvid, Markus, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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High electron affinity: a guiding criterion for voltage stabilizer design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 3:14, s. 7273-7286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Voltage stabilizers are an emerging class of additives that enhance the dielectric strength of an insulating polymer such as polyethylene. Several partially conflicting reports ascribe the stabilizing effect to either a high electron affinity or low ionization potential of the additive. Here, we report a clear correlation of the electron affinity and to a lesser extent the EHOMO–ELUMO difference of various voltage stabilizers with electrical tree initiation in cross-linked polyethylene. To facilitate a fair evaluation, the voltage-stabilizing efficiency of a set of 13 previously reported voltage stabilizers, which strongly differ in their chemical composition, is compared at equal stabilizer concentration and equivalent test methodology. These results are correlated with the electron affinity and EHOMO–ELUMO difference, as obtained from density functional theory (DFT) modeling, which agreed well with available literature values. Moreover, based on the here established strong correlation between dielectric strength and electron affinity, a new molecule with exceptionally high electron affinity is selected from the extended literature on organic photovoltaics. This malononitrile–benzothiadiazole–triarylamine based molecule with a high electron affinity of 3.4 eV gives rise to a 148% increase in tree initiation field compared to 40% obtained using anthracene, one of the most efficient previously reported voltage-stabilizers, under equivalent test conditions. Thus, we here propose to use the electron affinity as a guiding criterion for identifying novel high-efficiency voltage stabilizers, which opens up the vast library of organic semiconductors as potential candidates, as well as associated synthesis routines for the design of yet unexplored materials.
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| 19. |
- Johansson, Angelica, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating progress on loss and damage: an assessment of the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism under the UNFCCC
- 2022
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1469-3062 .- 1752-7457. ; 22:9-10, s. 1199-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM) was established in 2013, and its Executive Committee (ExCom) is developing a new five-year workplan. Seizing this opportune moment to assess institutional progress on the issue of loss and damage under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) we address two research questions: (1) Has the ExCom delivered on its workplans to date, and (2) how has the ExCom’s progress varied across thematic areas? Drawing on public documentary sources, we assess the effectiveness and timeliness of the delivery of activities across five thematic areas: slow onset events; non-economic losses; comprehensive risk management approaches; human mobility; and finance, action and support. We find that there has been progress across the thematic areas, but that it has varied in pace. Delays are associated with activities from the two-year workplan being moved into the first five-year workplan or being devolved to the more recently established expert groups. Our results also show that decisions from the Conference of the Parties (COP) or the COP serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA) have played a critical role in accelerating specific aspects of the ExCom’s work. Finally, we note that the ExCom is increasingly relying on its expert groups and their members to deliver many activities. This research advances our understanding of the nature and pace of progress on this issue, and raises new questions about the politics of global climate policy implementation.KEY POLICY INSIGHTSThe WIM ExCom’s workplans are characterized by broad goals and are ambiguous about start dates and deadlines. To enhance accountability, future workplans would benefit from clearly defined objectives, outcomes, and timelines.The workplans do not seem to constitute strong commitments: Parties make use of COP/CMA decisions to strengthen the workplans by mandating specific activities or deadlines, adding new activities and prioritizing among existing ones.The politics of implementation merits greater attention: wider political dynamics around loss and damage shape the pace of the ExCom’s supposedly technical work. One example is the delayed establishment of the expert group on action and support.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Johansson, Angelica
(författare)
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Producing “loss and damage” as a governance object in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How are governance objects produced in international environmental governance and what role does expertise play in their production? This thesis addresses this question by using the international policy field “climate change loss and damage” in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as an illustrative case study. Empirical data was generated through ethnographic immersion in the UNFCCC’s governance cycle between 2018 and 2021, which includes 62 semi- structured interviews. Departing from the theoretical lens of “co-production”, a concept arguing that knowledge and policy are produced through a co-constitutive process, I develop analytical steppingstones to explore the production of loss and damage. The empirics are presented in three chapters. The first chapter explores the context in which loss and damage policy is produced. I analyse how stakeholder access and engage in four key sites: the Conference of Parties, the intersessional meetings of the Subsidiary Bodies, the meetings of the Executive Committee (ExCom) of the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM), and the meetings of the WIM ExCom’s expert groups. Institutional norms and structures shape stakeholder access and interactions, yet stakeholder interactions are more likely at smaller meetings or early in the governance cycle. The second chapter identifies and analyses the manifestation of different loss and damage discourses. Operationalised through the lens of problem formulation, I identify three problematisations where loss and damage is either formulated as a: 1) sustainable development failure; 2) a scientific-technological problem; and 3) a climate (in)justice. While all three d problematisations manifest within the UNFCCC, the scientific-technological problematisation dominates the policy field. The final chapter explores the institutional role of expertise in producing the loss and damage object. By analysing expert recruitment processes and the establishment and composition of the loss and damage expert groups, I find that experts are cherry-picked to meet specific knowledge needs while fitting the organisational structure. This thesis provides important theoretical arguments and empirical evidence concerning the production of governance objects and the use of expertise in such production.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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New approaches to the modelling of lake basin morphometry
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental Modelling and Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-2026 .- 1573-2967. ; 12:3, s. 213-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In lake modelling, a general and useful method of describing variations in area and volume with depth is of fundamental importance to describe processes and properties that change vertically within a given lake. In this work, two mathematical approaches to describe the shape of a lake basin are introduced and tested against empirical data. The two methods require only three easily available input parameters: maximum depth, surface area and volume. The first method is based on a traditional morphometric parameter, the volume development (V d), and the second method on the new hypsographic development parameter (H d). Both methods give area and volume at any depth of a lake and can furthermore be used to estimate lake bottom slopes. Comparisons with empirical area–depth and volume–depth distribution curves from 105 lakes that cover a wide range of lake morphometric characteristics have revealed that the two methods give very satisfactory results. The V d-model yields r 2-values of 0.924 and 0.907 for area and volume description with lake depth, respectively. The corresponding r 2-values for the H d-model are 0.988 and 0.996, respectively. Using the H d-model, an approach has also been developed to test when and by how much it is necessary to correct the empirical volume of a lake given the number of measured strata and basin shape.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy for social anxiety disorder : A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychotherapy. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0033-3204 .- 1939-1536. ; 54:4, s. 351-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with considerable individual suffering and societal costs. Although there is ample evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy, recent studies suggest psychodynamic therapy may also be effective in treating SAD. Furthermore, Internet-based psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) has shown promising results for addressing mixed depression and anxiety disorders. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of IPDT specifically for SAD. This paper describes a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a 10-week, affect-focused IPDT protocol for SAD, compared with a wait-list control group. Long-term effects were also estimated by collecting follow-up data, 6, 12, and 24 months after the end of therapy. A total of 72 individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for DSM–IV social anxiety disorder were included. The primary outcome was the self-report version of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Mixed model analyses using the full intention-to-treat sample revealed a significant interaction effect of group and time, suggesting a larger effect in the treatment group than in the wait-list control. A between-group effect size Cohen’s d = 1.05 (95% [CI]: [0.62, 1.53]) was observed at termination. Treatment gains were maintained at the 2-year follow-up, as symptom levels in the treated group continued to decrease significantly. The findings suggest that Internet-based affect-focused psychodynamic therapy is a promising treatment for social anxiety disorder.
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| 26. |
- Mahmutovic Persson, Irma, et al.
(författare)
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Capacity of capsazepinoids to relax human small airways and inhibit TLR3-induced TSLP and IFNβ production in diseased bronchial epithelial cells.
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Immunopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-1705 .- 1567-5769. ; 13:3, s. 292-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an immunomodulating potentially disease-inducing cytokine, is overproduced in TLR3-stimulated bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic donors whereas production of antiviral IFNβ is deficient. It is of therapeutic interest that capsazepine inhibits epithelial TSLP and relaxes human small airways with similar potencies. However, it is not known if other capsazepine-like compounds share such dual actions. This study explores epithelial anti-TSLP and anti-IFNβ effects of capsazepine and novel capsazepine-like bronchorelaxants. We used primary bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) donors, and human small airways dissected from surgically removed lungs. Seven novel capsazepinoids were about 10 times, and one compound (RES187) >30 times, more potent than capsazepine as relaxants of LTD(4)-contracted small airways. TLR3-induced TSLP, TNFα, CXCL8, and IFNβ mRNA and protein levels were dose-dependently and non-selectively inhibited by capsazepine, equally in cells from asthmatic and COPD donors. The novel compounds, except RES187, reduced TSLP and IFNβ but none are more potent than capsazepine. Only capsazepine consistently inhibited TNFα and CXCL8 production and attenuated TLR3-induced epithelial NF-κB signalling. Hence, the present compounds did not separate between inhibition of TLR3-induced epithelial TSLP and IFNβ, but all compounds, except capsazepine, did separate between the bronchorelaxant and the epithelial immune effects. We conclude that similar mechanisms may be involved in capsazepine-like inhibition of TLR3-induced epithelial TSLP and IFNβ and that these are distinct from mechanisms involved in relaxation of small airways by these compounds.
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| 27. |
- McEwen, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Screening of counterfeit corticosteroid in creams and ointments by NMR spectroscopy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0731-7085 .- 1873-264X. ; 70, s. 245-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been shown that NMR spectroscopy is an effective analytical method to rapidly screen creams and ointments for counterfeit corticosteroids. Extraction and NMR procedures have been developed. Ten over the counter creams and ointments sold in health care shops were screened and two creams were found to contain counterfeited corticosteroids.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Mermod, Philippe, et al.
(författare)
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95 MeV neutron scattering on hydrogen, deuterium, carbon and oxygen
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 74:5, s. 054002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three neutron-deuteron scattering experiments at 95 MeV have been performed recently at The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala. Subsets of the results of these experiments have been reported in two short articles, showing clear evidence for three-nucleon force effects. In this paper, we present a more detailed description of the experimental methods as well as further discussion of the results. In addition to neutron-deuteron scattering data, neutron-proton and C12(n,n) elastic scattering data have been measured for normalization purposes, and O16(n,n) data have been obtained for the first time at this energy. It was possible to extract C12(n,n') and O16(n,n') inelastic scattering cross sections to excited states below 12 MeV excitation energy. The inelastic scattering data (for both carbon and oxygen) are shown to have a significant impact on the determination of nuclear recoil kerma coefficients.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Palm, Angelica A., et al.
(författare)
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Interferon Alpha-Inducible Protein 27 Expression Is Linked to Disease Severity in Chronic Infection of Both HIV-1 and HIV-2
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Virology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-818X. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disease progression is slower in HIV-2, as compared with HIV-1 infection, in accordance with low or undetectable plasma viremia at viral setpoint. However, it is unclear why most HIV-2 infected individuals are still at risk of developing AIDS. To explore if specific host responses are linked to HIV disease severity, we have compared blood gene expression profiles between HIV seronegative and HIV-1, HIV-2 or dually HIV-1/HIV-2 infected individuals. In this study the gene encoding Interferon alpha-inducible protein 27 (IFI27) was found to be the most differentially expressed. Detailed expression analysis revealed significantly higher IFI27 expression in HIV infected individuals compared with seronegative individuals, irrespectively of HIV type. Moreover, IFI27 expression was higher in HIV-1 than in HIV-2 infected individuals. Multiple linear regression analysis, adjusting for age and sex, showed also that plasma viral load was the strongest predictor of IFI27 expression, followed by CD4% and HIV type. In line with this, IFI27 expression was found to be higher in HIV-2 viremic, compared with HIV-2 aviremic individuals. Still, HIV-2 aviremic individuals displayed elevated IFI27 expression compared with seronegative individuals. Furthermore, in HIV-2 infected individuals, IFI27 expression was also correlated with plasma markers previously linked to inflammation and disease progression in HIV infection. Taken together, our findings suggest that sustained elevation of type I interferon signaling, here reflected by elevated IFI27 expression in the chronic infection phase, is a key pathogenic feature of both HIV-1 and HIV-2
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Pomp, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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A New Facility for Neutron-Induced Fission Studies
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proc. Workshop on the Nuclear Data for Transmutation of Nuclear Waste, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, 2003..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Pomp, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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Neutron-induced light-ion production from Fe, Pb and U at 96 MeV
- 2007
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 126:1-4, s. 123-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Double-differential cross-sections for light-ion production (up to A = 4) induced by 96 MeV neutrons have been measured for Fe, Pb and U. The experiments have been performed at The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala, using two independent devices, MEDLEY and SCANDAL. The recorded data cover a wide angular range (20 degrees-160 degrees) with low energy thresholds. The data have been normalised to obtain cross-sections using up elastic scattering events. The latter have been recorded with the same setup, and results for this measurement are reported. The work was performed within the HINDAS collaboration with the primary aim of improving the database for three of the most important nuclei for incineration of nuclear waste with accelerator-driven systems. The obtained cross-section data are of particular interest for the understanding of the so-called pre-equilibrium stage in a nuclear reaction and will be compared with model calculations.
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| 35. |
- Pomp, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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The New Uppsala Neutron Beam Facility
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proc. Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
- Rafajlović, Marina, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Neutral processes forming large clones during colonization of new areas
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 30:8, s. 1544-1560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons ltd on Behalf of European Society for Evolutionary Biology. In species reproducing both sexually and asexually clones are often more common in recently established populations. Earlier studies have suggested that this pattern arises due to natural selection favouring generally or locally successful genotypes in new environments. Alternatively, as we show here, this pattern may result from neutral processes during species’ range expansions. We model a dioecious species expanding into a new area in which all individuals are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction, and all individuals have equal survival rates and dispersal distances. Even under conditions that favour sexual recruitment in the long run, colonization starts with an asexual wave. After colonization is completed, a sexual wave erodes clonal dominance. If individuals reproduce more than one season, and with only local dispersal, a few large clones typically dominate for thousands of reproductive seasons. Adding occasional long-distance dispersal, more dominant clones emerge, but they persist for a shorter period of time. The general mechanism involved is simple: edge effects at the expansion front favour asexual (uniparental) recruitment where potential mates are rare. Specifically, our model shows that neutral processes (with respect to genotype fitness) during the population expansion, such as random dispersal and demographic stochasticity, produce genotype patterns that differ from the patterns arising in a selection model. The comparison with empirical data from a post-glacially established seaweed species (Fucus radicans) shows that in this case, a neutral mechanism is strongly supported.
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| 37. |
- Sagrado Garcia, I. C., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron production in neutron-induced reactions at 96 MeV on (56)Fe and (208)Pb
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 84:4, s. 044619-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Double-differential cross sections for neutron production were measured in 96-MeV neutron-induced reactions at The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala, Sweden. Measurements for Fe and Pb targets were performed using two independent setups: DECOI-DEMON, time-of-flight telescope dedicated to the detection of emitted neutrons with energies between a few and 50 MeV and CLODIA-SCANDAL device devoted to measuring emitted neutrons with energies above 40 MeV. Double-differential cross sections were measured for an angular range between 15 and 98 deg and with low-energy thresholds (approximate to 2 MeV). Angular and energy distributions and total neutron emission cross sections have been obtained from those measurements. Results have been compared with predictions given by different models included in several transport codes (MCNPX, GEANT, TALYS, PHITS, and DYWAN) and with other experimental data (the EXFOR database).
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Tippawan, Udomrat, et al.
(författare)
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Light charged-particle production in 96 MeV neutron-induced reactions on carbon and oxygen
- 2007
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Ingår i: Radiation Protection Dosimetry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0144-8420 .- 1742-3406. ; 126:1-4, s. 35-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, an increasing number of applications involving fast neutrons have been developed or are under consideration, e.g. radiation treatment of cancer, neutron dosimetry at commercial aircraft altitudes, soft-error effects in computer memories, accelerator-driven transmutation of nuclear waste and energy production and determination of the response of neutron detectors. Data on light-ion production in tight nuclei such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are particularly important in calculations of dose distributions in human tissue for radiation therapy at neutron beams, and for dosimetry of high-energy neutrons produced by high-energy cosmic radiation interacting with nuclei (nitrogen and oxygen) in the atmosphere. When studying neutron dose effects, it is especially important to consider carbon and oxygen, since they are, by weight, the most abundant elements in human tissue. Preliminary experimental double-differential cross sections of inclusive light-ion (p, d, t, He-3 and alpha) production in carbon induced by 96-MeV neutrons have been presented. Energy spectra were measured at eight laboratory angles: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 degrees. Measurements were performed at The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL), Uppsala, using the dedicated MEDLEY experimental setup. The authors have earlier reported experimental double-differential cross sections of inclusive light-ion production in oxygen. In this paper, the deduced kerma coefficients for oxygen has been presented and compared with reaction model calculations.
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| 41. |
- Tippawan, U., et al.
(författare)
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Light-ion production in the interaction of 96 MeV neutrons with silicon
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 69:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Double-differential cross sections for light-ion (p, d, t, He-3, and alpha) production in silicon, induced by 96 MeV neutrons, are reported. Energy spectra are measured at eight laboratory angles from 20degrees to 160degrees in steps of 20degrees. Procedures for data taking and data reduction are presented. Deduced energy-differential, angle-differential, and production cross sections are reported. Experimental cross sections are compared to theoretical reaction model calculations and experimental data in the literature.
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| 42. |
- Vanhala, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Deploying an Ethnographic Sensibility to Understand Climate Change Governance: Hanging Out, Around, In, and Back
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Politics. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 1526-3800 .- 1536-0091. ; 22:2, s. 180-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What can an ‘ethnographic sensibility’ contribute to research on climate change governance? With its emphasis on meaning-making and understanding what may lie beneath more obvious interactions and processes, ethnographic methodologies, particularly collaborative event ethnography, are increasingly deployed to address complex questions and achieve conceptual leverage on issues related to climate governance. Drawing on literature in climate anthropology, material geography and political ethnography and with examples from our own fieldwork experiences, we devise a heuristic typology underpinned by an ethnographic sensibility to help guide the fieldwork phase of a research project. Building on the wellestablished practice of hanging out, we introduce hanging around which attends to spatiality and matter, hanging in which addresses issues of access and trust and hanging back to guide the practice of reflexivity. We articulate what fieldwork with an ethnographic sensibility entails and discuss its potential and implications for climate governance research.
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| 43. |
- Vanhala, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Reflections on the Global Governance of Climate Change Loss and Damage at COP26.
- 2021
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- What happened on the issue of loss and damage atthe 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) held inGlasgow in November 2021 and why does it matter?In many ways COP26 was the moment when lossand damage was transformed from being an issueof importance to certain states and communities –for example the small island states – to one that hasbecome centre stage for much of the world. Thedeveloping countries grouping, known as the G77plus China, were united in unprecedented ways onthe issue of loss and damage in Glasgow. We alsowitnessed a host of different non-state and substate stakeholders taking up the mantle of loss anddamage from those marching in the streets, to theFirst Minister of Scotland to the Trade Unionconstituency of the UNFCCC.Given the growing frequency and intensity of theadverse impacts of climate change globally and thelaunch of the most recent assessment of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), the Working Group I contribution to the 6thAssessment Report, this is an issue that is now onthe political agenda. This set of short reflectionsfrom our inter-disciplinary team of expertsadvances our understanding of the globalgovernance of climate change loss and damage.Coming from different disciplinary perspectives,from anthropology and law to geography andpolitical science, we explore the topic of climatechange loss and damage governance focusing onissues of finance, science and expertise, policy, lawand litigation.
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| 44. |
- Walfridsson, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes treatment and hypoglycaemic episodes in elderly patients at nursing homes in Uppsala County
- 2016
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 121:3, s. 179-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the situation for elderly patients with diabetes living in nursing homes with regard to diabetes treatment, clinical variables, and vascular complications associated with diabetes. A second aim was to evaluate if the patients were at risk of hypoglycaemia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including diabetes patients from all 30 nursing homes in Uppsala County, Sweden. Current antidiabetic medications, HbA(1c) hypoglycaemic events, and diabetes complications were registered from the medical records. The patients were stratified into a general group and divided into three groups according to HbA(1c) (<52, 52-73, and >73 mmol/mol). Results: Of 1,350 individuals, 218 patients were identified with diabetes mellitus. The diabetes duration was 11.2 +/- 9.4 years and their serum HbA(1c) concentration 56.0 +/- 1.2 mmol/mol. Hypoglycaemic events were reported in 24% of the diabetic individuals, and 43.1% of them had HbA(1c) <52 mmol/mol (mean value 44.0 +/- 1.1 mmol/mol). Of these, 36% were taking antidiabetic drugs. Another 35.8% of the patients had HbA(1c) values between 52-73 mmol/mol (mean value 60.0 +/- 1.1 mmol/mol), and 82% of these patients were taking antidiabetic drugs. Almost 80% of the diabetic patients had either micro- or macrovascular complications, with diabetes duration as an association for both micro- or macrovascular complications and hypoglycaemic events. Conclusions: A reduction of the use of antidiabetic drugs with follow-up of HbA(1c) level should be considered, especially for multimorbid elderly patients with low HbA(1c) and hypoglycaemia.
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| 45. |
- Wallentén, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Retinal function and PKC alpha expression after focal laser photocoagulation.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-702X .- 0721-832X. ; 245:12, s. 1815-1824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To examine the effects of focal laser photocoagulation on general and local retinal function and to relate electrophysiological findings with changes in protein kinase C (PKC) alpha expression. METHODS: Twelve rabbits were treated with 70 spots of laser photocoagulation in the central cone-rich retina. The operated eyes were investigated with electroretinography (full-field ERG and multifocal electroretinography, mfERG) preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after surgery. The expression of PKC alpha was examined at all three time points using immunohistochemistry, and PKC alpha mRNA levels were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and hematoxylin and eosin staining was employed to monitor the extent and dynamics of the morphological response. RESULTS: The full-field ERG revealed a significant increase in b-wave amplitudes derived from the isolated rod response (blue light) at all three time points after surgery (p < 0.05). Supernormal b-wave amplitudes were also found for the combined rod-cone response at 3 weeks (white light), and for the isolated cone response (light-adapted 30-Hz flicker) at 5 weeks after treatment. In the mfERG, amplitudes derived from the central retina did not change postoperatively, while the implicit time was significantly increased at all time points. Immunohistochemistry for PKC alpha revealed a reduced expression of the enzyme in rod bipolar cells 1 and 3 weeks after laser treatment compared with untreated controls. Five weeks postoperatively, no PKC alpha labeling in rod bipolar cells was found in any part of the retina. Real-time PCR 1 and 3 weeks after treatment displayed a decreased level of PKC alpha mRNA compared to the controls. Immunolabeled tissue sections from laser-treated eyes displayed GFAP expression in Muller cells in the treated as well as untreated retina 1 week postoperatively. At 3 and 5 weeks, GFAP labeling was less pronounced and was concentrated around the laser-treated spots. CONCLUSIONS: Focal laser treatment in the rabbit eye induces local and wide-spread alterations in both rod- and cone-mediated retinal function in the form of supernormal b-wave amplitudes in the full-field ERG and increased latency in the mfERG. The electrophysiological abnormalities are accompanied by a progressive down-regulation of the PKC alpha isoenzyme in rod bipolar cells, reaching far beyond the treated area. PKC alpha is down-regulated directly by impaired protein synthesis, and also possibly indirectly by protein consumption related to GFAP up-regulation. The results indicate that focal laser photocoagulation interferes with PKC-alpha-mediated inhibitory regulation of inner retinal signal transmission.
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| 46. |
- Wråke, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöindikatorer för näringslivet - utveckling och användning inom grafisk medieindustri, verkstadsindustri, livsmedelsindustri och trävaruindustri
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektets syfte var att utveckla indikatorer för kommunikation, uppföljning och bedömning av företags och branschers miljöprestanda. I projektet togs även handböcker fram för att hjälpa företag att arbeta med miljöindikatorer. En viktig slutsats från projektet är att det är möjligt att finna gemensamma miljöindikatorer för flera, till sin karaktär väldigt olika, branscher. Det tycks lättare att hitta gemensamma synsätt för operativa indikatorer än för ledningsrelaterade indikatorer. Huvudregeln för systemgränser bör vara grind till grind, men undantag bör göras för energi och transporter. Indikatorer bör vara en del i kopplingen mellan det nationella miljömålsarbetet och näringslivets miljöarbete.
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