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1.	Abele, H., et al. (författare) Particle physics at the European Spallation Source 2023 Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
2.	Takman, Johanna, 1992-, et al. (författare) Biogas för tunga lastbilstransporter : barriärer och möjligheter 2018 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I denna rapport presenterar vi en fördjupad studie av vilka barriärer och möjligheter som finns för biogas, och framförallt flytande biogas (LBG), för tunga lastbilar i större skala samt hur barriärerna övervinns och möjligheterna nyttjas. Studien identifierar även viktiga varuägare och andra intressenter i Sverige samt vilka krav och villkor dessa ställer för att våga investera i gastekniken. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar genomfördes en genomgång av litteraturen samt intervjuer och workshops med relevanta aktörer. Resultaten pekar på att biogasen är ett drivmedel som kan bidra till minskade koldioxidutsläpp. Vidare nämns även drivkrafter som energitrygghet och en cirkulär ekonomi. Att det nu har kommit nya tunga LBG-lastbilar på marknaden samt att nya styrmedel trätt i kraft ses också som drivkrafter. Avsaknaden av långsiktiga, stabila styrmedel och regelverk samt höga priser och kostnader för exempelvis produktion, fordon och gas angavs vara de största barriärerna. Ytterligare barriärer är exempelvis att det råder kunskapsbrist inom området samt att dagens förnybara drivmedel konkurrerar med varandra istället för att komplettera varandra.Det behövs en ökad långsiktighet i styrmedel som gynnar de mest hållbara förnybara bränslen som finns idag. Det behövs också att svenska styrmedel harmoniseras med styrmedel inom övriga EU på ett bättre sätt än de som funnits fram till idag. Det behövs även ökade möjligheter till stöd som exempelvis gynnar produktionen av biogas, investeringsstöd till de fordon som bäst gynnar att klimatoch andra miljömål nås, samt stöd som inkluderar andrahandsmarknaden för dessa fordon för att påverka marknaden mot en mer miljömässigt hållbar transportsektor. Det behövs informationsinsatser för att informera om biogas i förhållande till andra drivmedel för tunga lastbilar och information om att, samt var, dagens tankstationer för LBG finns. Även demonstrationsprojekt som visar fordonen ute på vägarna samt bidrar till infrastrukturutvecklingen skulle kunna hjälpa till att sprida kunskap och visa att tekniken fungerar och på så sätt utveckla marknaden för LBG.
3.	Elfström, Magnus, et al. (författare) Validation of the Swedish version of the clinical outcomes in routine evaluation outcome measure (CORE-OM) 2013 Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : Wiley. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 20:5, s. 447-455 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this study was to perform an initial validation of a Swedish translation of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM). The CORE-OM is a broad self-report instrument of psychological problems, designed as an outcome measure for evaluating the effects of psychological therapy. Participants included a non-clinical group of 229 university students and a clinical group of 619 persons from four primary care sites. The Swedish CORE-OM showed excellent acceptability, high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as acceptable convergent validity. There was strong differentiation of the clinical and non-clinical samples, with the clinical group scoring significantly more psychological problems than the non-clinical group. Sensitivity to change was demonstrated in psychological treatments in primary care. Overall, the psychometric characteristics of the Swedish CORE-OM were very similar to the original UK data. Nevertheless, the validity of the Swedish version needs to be examined more in detail, in larger and more diverse samples. Our results so far, however, provide support for using the Swedish CORE-OM as a psychological problems measure. To our knowledge, there are few other relatively short measures in Swedish that are free to reprint that meet the demands for psychometric properties and utility in primary care settings in which patients typically present a broad range of psychological problems.
4.	Johansson, Magnus, 1970-, et al. (författare) Internalisering av godstrafikens externa effekter – konsekvensanalyser med Samgodsmodellen : en delrapport inom SAMKOST 3 2018 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Regeringen har gett VTI i uppdrag att förbättra kunskapen om transportsektorns samhällsekonomiska kostnader. I en särskild del av detta uppdrag ingår att analysera konsekvenser av en full internalisering av godstrafikens externa effekter.Syftet med denna rapport är att ge en bild av hur transportarbetet med olika trafikslag kan komma att påverkas om skatter och avgifter höjs till en nivå som motsvarar kostnaden för de externa effekter som trafiken ger upphov till. Rapporten innehåller dels en beräkning av hur mycket skatter och avgifter bör höjas för olika fordonsvarianter, dels en modellanalys av hur påföljande kostnadsökningar påverkar transportarbetet på väg, järnväg och sjö. Modellberäkningarna har utförts med Trafikverkets nationella godstransportmodell Samgods.Resultaten visar bland annat att sjöfarten skulle gynnas av den relativprisförändring som skatte- och avgiftshöjningarna ger upphov till. Järnvägstrafiken påverkas kraftigt negativt eftersom en marginalkostnadsprissättning skulle kräva kraftigt höjda banavgifter. En internalisering beräknas ge en positiv klimateffekt, men effekterna är relativt små.
5.	Johansson, Åsa, 1981-, et al. (författare) Angiostatic factors normally restrict islet endothelial cell proliferation and migration : implications for islet transplantation 2009 Ingår i: Transplant International. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 0934-0874 .- 1432-2277. ; 22:12, s. 1182-1188 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract New blood vessel formation in transplanted islets occurs within 7-14 days posttransplantation through both the expansion of donor islet endothelium and ingrowth of blood vessels from the implantation organ. However, several studies indicate that although the islets attract recipient blood vessels, the formed intra-islet vascular network is insufficient, which affects islet posttransplant function. This study aimed to develop an in vitro model to investigate the migration and proliferation properties of isolated liver and islet endothelium. Rat islet or liver endothelium was purified using Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS-1)-coated Dynabeads. The liver endothelium displayed an increased migration towards islet-conditioned medium, and this chemo-attractant effect was fully prevented by adding a neutralizing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-antibody. In contrast, islet-produced VEGF failed to induce islet endothelial cell migration and only had marginal effects on islet endothelial cell proliferation. These properties could, however, be activated through blocking the effects of either endostatin, thrombospondin-1 or α1-antitrypsin. In conclusion, VEGF may attract recipient blood vessels towards intrahepatically transplanted islets, but intra-islet vascular expansion is hampered by angiostatic factors present within the islets and the islet endothelium. Inhibition of these early after transplantation may provide a strategy to restore the islet vascular network and improve islet graft function.
6.	Kristjansdottir, Hallgerdur Lind, et al. (författare) High Plasma Erythropoietin Predicts Incident Fractures in Elderly Men with Normal Renal Function : The MrOS Sweden Cohort 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : WILEY. - 0884-0431 .- 1523-4681. ; 35:2, s. 298-305 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Preclinical studies on the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in bone metabolism are contradictory. Regeneration models indicate an anabolic effect on bone healing, whereas models on physiologic bone remodeling indicate a catabolic effect on bone mass. No human studies on EPO and fracture risk are available. It is known that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) affects bone mineralization and that serum concentration of FGF23 is higher in men with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Recently, a direct association between EPO and FGF23 has been shown. We have explored the potential association between EPO and bone mineral density (BMD), fracture risk, and FGF23 in humans. Plasma levels of EPO were analyzed in 999 men (aged 69 to 81 years), participating in the Gothenburg part of the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, MrOS Sweden. The mean +/- SD EPO was 11.5 +/- 9.0 IU/L. Results were stratified by eGFR 60 mL/min. For men with eGFR >= 60 mL/min (n = 728), EPO was associated with age (r = 0.13, p < 0.001), total hip BMD (r = 0.14, p < 0.001), intact (i)FGF23 (r = 0.11, p = 0.004), and osteocalcin (r = -0.09, p = 0.022). The association between total hip BMD and EPO was independent of age, body mass index (BMI), iFGF23, and hemoglobin (beta = 0.019, p < 0.001). During the 10-year follow-up, 164 men had an X-ray-verified fracture, including 117 major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), 39 hip fractures, and 64 vertebral fractures. High EPO was associated with higher risk for incident fractures (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43 per tertile EPO, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-1.63), MOF (HR = 1.40 per tertile EPO, 95% CI 1.08-1.82), and vertebral fractures (HR = 1.42 per tertile EPO, 95% CI 1.00-2.01) in a fully adjusted Cox regression model. In men with eGFR<60 mL/min, no association was found between EPO and BMD or fracture risk. We here demonstrate that high levels of EPO are associated with increased fracture risk and increased BMD in elderly men with normal renal function.
7.	Nyholm, Tufve, et al. (författare) A national approach for automated collection of standardized and population-based radiation therapy data in Sweden 2016 Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 119:2, s. 344-350 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Purpose: To develop an infrastructure for structured and automated collection of interoperable radiation therapy (RT) data into a national clinical quality registry. Materials and methods: The present study was initiated in 2012 with the participation of seven of the 15 hospital departments delivering RT in Sweden. A national RT nomenclature and a database for structured unified storage of RT data at each site (Medical Information Quality Archive, MIQA) have been developed. Aggregated data from the MIQA databases are sent to a national RT registry located on the same IT platform (INCA) as the national clinical cancer registries. Results: The suggested naming convention has to date been integrated into the clinical workflow at 12 of 15 sites, and MIQA is installed at six of these. Involvement of the remaining 3/15 RT departments is ongoing, and they are expected to be part of the infrastructure by 2016. RT data collection from ARIA (R), Mosaiq (R), Eclipse (TM), and Oncentra (R) is supported. Manual curation of RT-structure information is needed for approximately 10% of target volumes, but rarely for normal tissue structures, demonstrating a good compliance to the RT nomenclature. Aggregated dose/volume descriptors are calculated based on the information in MIQA and sent to INCA using a dedicated service (MIQA2INCA). Correct linkage of data for each patient to the clinical cancer registries on the INCA platform is assured by the unique Swedish personal identity number. Conclusions: An infrastructure for structured and automated prospective collection of syntactically inter operable RT data into a national clinical quality registry for RT data is under implementation. Future developments include adapting MIQA to other treatment modalities (e.g. proton therapy and brachytherapy) and finding strategies to harmonize structure delineations. How the RT registry should comply with domain-specific ontologies such as the Radiation Oncology Ontology (ROO) is under discussion.
8.	Vala, CecilieHongslo, 1983, et al. (författare) Increased risk of hip fracture among spouses-evidence of a homogamy effect 2017 Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 28:1, s. 95-102 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Spouses tend to share habits and therefore have an increased risk of same diseases. We followed all married couples in Sweden, born 1902 to 1942, in hospital records from 1987 to 2002, and found that individuals whose spouse had a hip fracture had an increased risk of hip fracture. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine whether spouses of hip fracture patients have an elevated risk of hip fracture. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all couples married for at least 5 years in Sweden and born between 1902 and 1942 (n = 904,451) and all patients registered with a hip fracture (n = 218,285) in the National Inpatients Register in Sweden from 1987 to 2002. RESULTS: During the period 1987 to 2002 hip fractures occurred among spouses in 4212 married couples. The hazard ratio (HR) for hip fracture in a married woman following hip fracture in the husband was 1.11 (95 % confidence interval 1.07 to 1.16) compared to a woman whose husband did not have hip fracture. The corresponding HR for a married man was 1.20 (1.15 to 1.26) compared to a man whose wife did not have hip fracture. The risk was significantly elevated over the age range 60 to 90 years. The increased risk for hip fracture among spouses remained after adjustments for income, education, geographical latitude and urbanisation. In a common model with spouses and their siblings, the HR for spousal effect were 1.63 (1.01 to 2.64) and for sibling effect 2.18 (1.55 to 3.06) compared to married with spouse and sibling respectively without hip fracture. CONCLUSION: The novel finding of an increased risk for hip fracture among spouses provides evidence indicating that there is a homogamy effect due to common social and lifestyle factors but could also be due to assortative mating.
9.	Zhang, Renyun, et al. (författare) Soap-film coating : High-speed deposition of multilayer nanofilms 2013 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - Nature Publishing Group : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 3, s. Art. no. 1477- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The coating of thin films is applied in numerous fields and many methods are employed for the deposition of these films. Some coating techniques may deposit films at high speed; for example, ordinary printing paper is coated with micrometre-thick layers of clay at a speed of tens of meters per second. However, to coat nanometre thin films at high speed, vacuum techniques are typically required, which increases the complexity of the process. Here, we report a simple wet chemical method for the high-speed coating of films with thicknesses at the nanometre level. This soap-film coating technique is based on forcing a substrate through a soap film that contains nanomaterials. Molecules and nanomaterials can be deposited at a thickness ranging from less than a monolayer to several layers at speeds up to meters per second. We believe that the soap-film coating method is potentially important for industrial-scale nanotechnology.
10.	Aghanavesi, Somayeh, 1981-, et al. (författare) A multiple motion sensors index for motor state quantification in Parkinson's disease 2020 Ingår i: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-2607 .- 1872-7565. ; 189 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: To construct a Treatment Response Index from Multiple Sensors (TRIMS) for quantification of motor state in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) during a single levodopa dose. Another aim was to compare TRIMS to sensor indexes derived from individual motor tasks. Method: Nineteen PD patients performed three motor tests including leg agility, pronation-supination movement of hands, and walking in a clinic while wearing inertial measurement unit sensors on their wrists and ankles. They performed the tests repeatedly before and after taking 150% of their individual oral levodopa-carbidopa equivalent morning dose.Three neurologists blinded to treatment status, viewed patients’ videos and rated their motor symptoms, dyskinesia, overall motor state based on selected items of Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III, Dyskinesia scale, and Treatment Response Scale (TRS). To build TRIMS, out of initially 178 extracted features from upper- and lower-limbs data, 39 features were selected by stepwise regression method and were used as input to support vector machines to be mapped to mean reference TRS scores using 10-fold cross-validation method. Test-retest reliability, responsiveness to medication, and correlation to TRS as well as other UPDRS items were evaluated for TRIMS. Results: The correlation of TRIMS with TRS was 0.93. TRIMS had good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.83). Responsiveness of the TRIMS to medication was good compared to TRS indicating its power in capturing the treatment effects. TRIMS was highly correlated to dyskinesia (R = 0.85), bradykinesia (R = 0.84) and gait (R = 0.79) UPDRS items. Correlation of sensor index from the upper-limb to TRS was 0.89. Conclusion: Using the fusion of upper- and lower-limbs sensor data to construct TRIMS provided accurate PD motor states estimation and responsive to treatment. In addition, quantification of upper-limb sensor data during walking test provided strong results. © 2019
11.	Ahmadi, Fereshteh, et al. (författare) Remissyttrande över utkast till lagrådsremiss : Förlängning av lagen om tillfälliga begränsningar av möjligheten att få uppehållstillstånd i Sverige (Dnr Ju2019/00509/L7) 2019 Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
12.	Andersson Granberg, Tobias, 1973-, et al. (författare) Plattform för analys av förmågan att hantera händelser med avseende på ett förändrat klimat (PAKT) 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract För att kunna hantera framtida klimatrelaterade händelser behöver samhällets beredskap anpassas och sannolikt utökas. Kunskapsläget över vilken förmåga som behövs för att hantera risker i ett förändrat klimat behöver sammanställas och framtida behov behöver jämföras mot nuvarande beredskapsnivåer för att identifiera lämpliga åtgärder. En analys behöver göras kring eventuella brister, utifrån vilken åtgärder sedan kan prioriteras och vidtas avseende olika delar i förmågan att hantera händelser, bland annat avseende tillhandahållande av statliga förstärkningsresurser. Denna studie analyserar vilken systematik som kan vara aktuell för att möjliggöra sådana analyser och utredningar.Studiens övergripande syfte är att ge förslag kring hur bedömningar kan göras om framtidens behov av statliga förstärkningsresurser i syfte att möta framtidens klimatrelaterade risker. Detta inkluderar en sammanställning av kunskapsläget kring risker och scenarion avseende framtida naturhändelser utifrån ett klimatförändringsperspektiv, med information om var mer kunskap kan hittas. Det inkluderar också att titta på metoder för att dels analysera behov av förmåga på olika nivåer att hantera de klimatrelaterade riskerna och dels hur dimensionering av förmåga kan göras för att möta behovet.Studien består av två delar. I del 1 ges en sammanställning av kunskapsläget om riskbilder och scenarion i Sverige vad gäller framtida naturhändelser utifrån ett klimatförändringsperspektiv och tidsperioden fram till ca år 2100. I del 2 presenteras initialt ett konceptuellt ramverk för kartläggning av beredskap uppdelat i fyra huvuddomäner: Behov, Resurs, Styrning och Beroenden. Baserat på ramverket presenteras därefter en metodik för att analysera samhällets förmåga att hantera framtida händelser i ett förändrat klimat. För att kunna identifiera en lämplig framtida beredskapsnivå, behöver samhällets förmåga att hantera händelser gentemot en framtida riskbild analyseras. Del 2 fokuserar på hur relevanta myndigheter ska kunna gå tillväga för att göra en sådan analys som slutligen kan utgöra beslutsunderlag avseende framtida beredskap. Avslutningsvis ges ett exempel på hur metoden kan användas där händelsen skogsbrand, av omfattningen att nationella förstärkningsresurser i form av MSBs upphandlade helikoptrar och flygplan för skogsbrandbekämpning kan bli aktuella att nyttja, utgör själva händelsen.
13.	Andersson, Markus, 1981, et al. (författare) Coordination of Imidazoles by Cu(II) and Zn(II) as Studied by NMR Relaxometry, EPR, far-FTIR Vibrational Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Calculations: Effect of Methyl Substitution 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 114:50, s. 13146-13153 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Synthetic imidazole ligands are typically substituted at the N-1 ((1)-Im) position while natural imidazole ligands are substituted at the C-4 ((4)-Im) position. To outline the difference in coordination properties, the methyl-substituted imidazoles Me(4)-Im and Me(1)-Im were complexed with CuCl2 and ZnCl2 and investigated by NMR relaxometry, electron paramagnetic resonance, far-Fourier transform IR vibrational spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. Me(4)-Im, Me(1)-Im, and Im in excess form the usual tetragonal D-4h [CuL4X2] complexes with CuCl2 whereas the methylated imidazoles form pseudotetrahedral C-2v, complexes instead of the usual octahedral O-h [ZnIm(6)](2+) complex. All imidazoles display a high degree of covalence in the M-L sigma- and pi-bonds and the pi-interaction strength affects the relative energies of complexation. Opportunities to tailor complexes by the chemical properties of the substituents are envisaged due to the role of the inductive and hyperconjugative effects, rather than position.
14.	Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al. (författare) Landslide risk management : A brief overview and example from Sweden of current situation and climate change 2013 Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 3:March, s. 44-61 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Landslide risk is a function of the probability of the event and its consequences. Previous research has shown that preventive measures to reduce the risk are preferred over reactive measures but, especially in developing countries, rarely undertaken. A contributing factor is the lack of evidence that preventive measures pay. This study includes a brief overview of landslide risk management in general and an investigation of the present risk management situation in Sweden based on interviews in 11 municipalities complemented with interviews in Norway. The result shows that climate change has become part of the general awareness and started to be taken into account in the municipal spatial planning. Landslide susceptibility maps and databases are useful tools in the complex spatial planning. The results indicate that the application of landslide susceptibility and risk maps as previously applied for preventive measures and spatial planning in the landslide prone area Gota alv river valley have been cost effective. Improved documentation and more active communication among different stakeholders would, however, contribute to more effective landslide management.
15.	Aspeborg, Henrik, 1970-, et al. (författare) Vegetabile material, plants and a method of producing a plant having altered lignin properties 2008 Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract The present invention is related to a set of genes, which when modified in plants gives altered lignin properties. The invention provides DNA construct such as a vector useful in the method of the invention. Further, the invention relates to a plant cell or plant progeny of the plants and wood produced by the plants according to the invention Lower lignin levels will result in improved saccharification for bio-refining and ethanol production and improved pulp and paper. Increased lignin levels will utilise lignin properties for energy production. The genes and DNA constructs may be used for the identification of plants having altered lignin characteristics as compared to the wild-type. According to the invention genes and DNA constructs may also be used as candidate genes in marker assisted breeding.
16.	Aylott, Nicholas, 1970-, et al. (författare) Är nordisk demokrati en exportvara? 2011 Ingår i: Ett nordiskt rum. - Stockholm : Makadam Förlag. - 9789170610967 ; , s. 136-141 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
17.	Bergman, Ramona, et al. (författare) Effects of Security actions 2010 Ingår i: Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 12, EGU2010-7880. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In a project funded by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, the effort and work to reduce different kinds of accidents are being evaluated. The project wants to illuminate the links between actions and outcome, so we can learn from today’s performance and in the future select more effective measures and overall deal with accidents more efficiently. The project ESS covers the field of frequent accidents such as sliding accidents at home, in house fires and less common accidents such as chemical and land fill accidents up to even more rare accidents such as natural accidents and hazards. In the ESS project SGI (Swedish geotechnical institute) will evaluate the work and effort concerning various natural hazards limited to landslides, erosion and flooding. The aim is to investigate how municipalities handle, especially prevention, of such natural disasters today.The project includes several aspects such as:which are the driving forces for risk analysis in a municipalitydo one use risk mapping (and what type) in municipal risk analysiswhich aspects are most important when selecting preventive measuresin which way do one learn from past accidentsand from previous accidents elsewhere, by for example use existing databasesetcThere are many aspects that play a role in a well-functioning safety promotion work. The overall goal is to examine present work and activities, highlight what is well functioning and identify weak points. The aim is to find out where more resources are needed and give suggestions for a more efficient security work. This includes identification of the most efficient “tools” in use or needed. Such tools can be education, directives, funding, more easily available maps and information regarding previous accidents and preventive measures etc. The project will result in recommendations for more effective ways to deal with landslides, erosion and flooding. Since different kinds of problems can occur depending on level of authority the investigation of the security work will be done with authorities on both regional and local scale. At the moment the investigation process are in progress and preliminary results will be presented.
18.	Bergman, Ramona, et al. (författare) Efficiency of preventive actions for landslides and flooding : evaluation of Scandinavian practices 2011 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The results presented here covers natural hazards with focus on land slides and flooding. The results are based on Swedish/Scandinavian contexts. Natural events such as erosion, flooding and land slides are common, but the number of accidents (events causing severe negative impact) is rare. Therefore, in such analysis there is limited data and other information available which can be used for example in statistical analysis of actions and their effects. Instead, the analysis must be based on other information. The analysis may have to include aspects that only can be assessed by scenario and "what-if" analyses.In this project the main method has been interviews with officials in Swedish municipalities and national agencies in Sweden and Norway. In all municipalities, one politician and officials working with planning and rescue service have been interviewed. The study covers hazard and risk mapping, follow up of such maps, physical planning and lessons learned from previous events and activities.The final outcome of the research will be a review of what is found to be well functioning, identification of weak points and recommendations for the management of landslides, erosion and flooding. The present results indicate that hazard/risk maps are of great importance, but the knowledge about the maps and how to use them varies depending on who you ask and between municipalities. Most officials in municipalities are aware of climate change (CC) but, due to high uncertainties and since climate induced events such as natural hazards are rare, the issues are often not prioritized. Further, the results indicate that the documentation, communication and the responsibilities among different units is not always clear, having impacts on for example the knowledge transfer to new personnel.
19.	Bergman, Ramona, et al. (författare) Efficiency of preventive actions for landslides and flooding – evaluation of Scandinavian practices 2011 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Preventive actions can be, and are frequently, taken to reduce accidents and their consequences in different ways. The MSB funded research programme "Effects of Society's Security actions" (ESS, 2009-2013) aims to study the relationship between such actions and their effects. The program is divided into three subgroups: Frequent accidents Natural hazards (such as flooding, erosion and landslide) Chemical and landfill accidents The results presented here covers natural hazards with focus on land slides and flooding. The results are based on Swedish/Scandinavian contexts. Natural events such as erosion,flooding and land slides are common, but the number of accidents (events causing severe negative impact) is rare. Therefore, in such analysis there is limited data and other information available which can be used for example in statistical analysis of actions and their effects. Instead, the analysis must be based on other information. Therefore, the analysis may have to include aspects that only can be assessed by scenario and "what-if" analyses. In this project the main method has been interviews with officials in Swedish municipalities and national agencies in Sweden and Norway. The two levels are chosen since policies are taken on national (or international) level, while the key actionsand actors are on the municipal level. The interviews cover experiences and potential scenarios. In all municipalities, one politician and officials working with planning and rescue service have been interviewed. The study covers hazard and risk mapping, follow up of such maps, physical planning and lessons learned from previous events and activities. The final outcome of the research will be a review of what is found to be well functioning, identification of weak points and recommendations for the management of landslides, erosion and flooding. The present results indicate that hazard/risk maps are of great importance, but the knowledge about the maps and how to use them varies depending on who you ask and between municipalities. Most officials in municipalities are aware of climate change (CC) but, due to high uncertainties and since climate induced events such as natural hazards are rare, the issues are often not prioritized. Further, the results indicate that the documentation, communication and the responsibilities among different units is not always clear, having impacts on for example the knowledge transfer to new personnel. Also databases can be useful tools. The project has found that the use of such tools varies between Norway and Sweden. The aim is to identify the reasons for such deviation. The mostly mentioned suggestions of improvement in the prevention process are increased knowledge, user friendly guidance, clear organisational structure and responsibilities and nationally provided ear marked funding for preventive measures.
20.	Björk, Lisa, 1985-, et al. (författare) Regeringsuppdrag om elektrifieringen av transporter : kostnader, finansiering och affärsmodeller 2022 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI) fick i september 2021 ett regeringsuppdrag om ”att bidra till kunskapsuppbyggnaden kring en snabb, smart och samhällsekonomiskt effektiv elektrifiering av transportsektorn”. VTI tar fram flera rapporter som svarar mot de olika frågeställningar som framgår av regeringsuppdraget. I denna rapport beskrivs kostnader för olika aktörer och samhällsekonomiska effekter av elektrifiering med olika tekniker, liksom befintliga finansieringsfrågor och möjliga affärsmodeller.Sverige har ambitionen att vara ett föregångsland när det gäller att visa på potentialen med elektrifiering av transportsektorn, samt sprida innovation och teknikutveckling som kan påskynda utvecklingen globalt. Omställningen till ett elektrifierat transportsystem ställer stora krav på beteendeförändringar, innovation och infrastrukturinvesteringar.Vägsektorn står för nästan 95 procent av växthusgasutsläppen som genereras i Sveriges inrikestransporter och möjligheten att elektrifiera stora delar finns redan idag. Elektrifieringen av vägsektorn kan frigöra förnybara flytande och gasformiga drivmedel till segment där elektrifieringen är svårare att genomföra, som arbetsmaskiner, sjöfart och flyg. Tillgång till lågemissionsbränslen i dessa segment är avgörande för att uppnå nettonollutsläpp till 2045. Det kan därför vara kostnadseffektivt att påskynda en elektrifiering av vägsektorn. Under 2021 var 45 procent av de nyregistrerade personbilarna i Sverige helelektriska eller plug-in hybrider. Efterfrågeökningen förutspås öka snabbt.En snabb ökning av laddbara fordon ställer höga krav på utbyggnad av laddinfrastruktur och kapacitet i elnäten för att möta efterfrågan på energiförsörjning. De stora nätverkseffekter som är förknippade med elfordon och laddinfrastruktur motiverar styrmedel för att möjliggöra en hög, och samhällsekonomiskt effektiv, omställningstakt. I rapporten diskuteras flera av de styrmedel inom EU och i Sverige som bidrar till att påskynda elektrifieringen. Den ambitionshöjning som EU-kommissionen presenterat i klimatlagstiftningspaketet Fit for 55 kan kraftigt öka incitamenteten för företag och konsumenter att ställa om mot elektrifierade fordon. Paketet innehåller olika förslag som signalerar ett långsiktigt och ökande pris på växthusgasutsläpp. Hur lagförslagen påverkar effektiviteten av Sveriges nationella styrmedel, och vilka justeringar eller ytterligare styrmedel som krävs, behöver analyseras.
21.	Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al. (författare) The economics of electric roads 2021 Ingår i: Transportation Research Part C. - : Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0968-090X .- 1879-2359. ; 125 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper we present a method for evaluating social benefits of electric roads and apply it to the Swedish highway network. Together with estimated investments costs this can be used to produce a cost benefit analysis. An electric road is characterized by high economies of scale (high investment cost and low marginal cost) and considerable economies of scope (the benefit per kilometre electric road depends on the size of the network), implying that the market will produce a smaller network of electric roads, or charge higher prices for its use, than what is welfare optimal. For this reason, it is relevant for governments to consider investing in electric roads, making the cost-benefit analysis a key decision support. We model the behaviour of the carriers using the Swedish national freight model system, SAMGODS, determining the optimal shipment sizes and optimal transport chains, including mode and vehicle type. We find that if the user charge is set as to optimize social welfare, the revenue will not fully cover the investment cost of the electric road. If they are instead set to optimize profit, we find that the revenue will cover the costs if the electric road network is large enough. Electric roads appear to provide a cost-effective means to significantly reduce carbon emissions from heavy trucks. In a scenario where the expansion connects the three biggest cities in Sweden, emissions will be cut by one-third of the overall emissions from heavy trucks in Sweden. The main argument against a commitment to electric roads is that investment and maintenance costs are uncertain and that, in the long run, battery development or hydrogen fuel cells can reduce the benefit of such roads.
22.	Chisholm, S. A., et al. (författare) Molecular epidemiological typing within the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Programme reveals predominance of a multidrug-resistant clone 2013 Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - : European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 18:3, s. 14-23 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Treatment of gonorrhoea is threatened by antimicrobial resistance, and decreased susceptibility and resistance to recommended therapies is emerging in Europe. Current associations between resistance and molecular type remain poorly understood. Gonococcal isolates (n=1,066) collected for the 2009 and 2010 European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme were typed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). A total of 406 sequence types (STs) were identified, 125 of which occurred in >= two isolates. Seven major genogroups of closely related STs (varying by <= 1% at just one of the two target loci) were defined. Genogroup 1407 (G1407), observed in 20/21 countries and predominant in 13/21 countries, accounted for 23% of all isolates and was associated with decreased susceptibility to cefixime and resistance to ciprofloxacin and raised minimum inhibitory concentrations for ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Genogroup 225 (G225), associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, was observed in 10% of isolates from 19/21 countries. None of the other genogroups were associated with antimicrobial resistance. The predominance of a multidrug-resistant clone (G1407) in Europe is worrying given the recent reports of recommended third generation cephalosporins failing to treat infections with this clone. Identifying associations between ST and antimicrobial resistance aids the understanding of the dissemination of resistant clones within a population and could facilitate development of targeted intervention strategies.
23.	Collen, Anna-Clara, 1970, et al. (författare) Cardiac structure and function is related to current blood pressure rather than to previous hypertensive pregnancy 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Human Hypertension. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-9240 .- 1476-5527. ; 29:11, s. 702-704 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract One-hundred five women were examined with echocardiography and ambulatory blood pressure measurements 40 years post partum to evaluate the effect of former hypertensive pregnancies versus current blood pressure on cardiac structure and function. Hypertensive pregnancies did not have an adverse effect on the heart, but current minor elevation in blood pressure had a negative impact on the myocardium. The increased prevalence of hypertension following hypertensive pregnancies may be a crucial factor regarding the increased risk for cardiovascular disease shown in affected women.
24.	Collen, Anna-Clara, 1970, et al. (författare) Cardiovascular and metabolic characteristics 40 years after hypertensive pregnancies: a long-term follow-up study of mothers. 2013 Ingår i: Journal of hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 31:4, s. 758-765 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVES:: Maternal cardiovascular morbidity is increased after hypertensive pregnancies (HTP). The pathways from complicated pregnancies to future cardiovascular disease are complex. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that different cardiovascular mechanisms are changed in women who experienced HTP four decades earlier in comparison to women with normotensive pregnancies. METHODS:: One hundred and five women (50 with hypertensive and 55 with normal pregnancies) were examined with anthropometric measurements; office blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure and central blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, intimal-media thickness, echocardiography and laboratory measurements. In addition another 204 women were followed-up by a questionnaire regarding their pregnancy 40 years ago, as well as their present health status and medications. RESULTS:: Women with HTP had more often diagnosed hypertension when compared with women with normal pregnancies (50 vs. 31%, respectively; P=0.046), but the groups did not differ in any blood pressure levels. HTP were associated with higher pulse wave velocity (8.8m/s vs. 7.8m/s, P=0.021), and higher levels of P-glucose (5.7mmol/l vs. 5.2mmol/l, P=0.022), P-HbA1c (4.4% vs. 4.2%, P=0.010) and noradrenaline (2.45mmol/l vs. 2.11mmol/l, P=0.040) when compared with normotensive pregnancies. Women followed up with a questionnaire reported deteriorated cardiovascular health compared to women attending the clinical investigations of the study. CONCLUSION:: HTP are associated with impairment in vascular function and metabolic status 40 years postpartum despite well controlled blood pressure levels.
25.	Davidsson, Åsa, et al. (författare) Desirable effects from disturbance ecology—A paradox within conservation management 2021 Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The importance of natural disturbances for biodiversity is well-documented in the disturbance ecology literature. Natural disturbances such as fire, wind, and flooding strongly influence ecosystems by creating short and long-term ecological processes. Conservation management of protected areas should consider the importance of natural disturbances since natural shifts in ecosystems are, in a long-term perspective, necessary to maintain high biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to explore how and if natural disturbances are incorporated in the management of Swedish national parks and to identify possible examples of barriers for this incorporation. The design of the study is a multiple comparative case study based on a document study and completed with qualitative interviews. The cases consist of propositions and management plans for 15 Swedish national parks established between 1962 and 2018. The document analysis generated four main categories: historic/future and positive/negative perceptions of natural disturbances. The results indicate that there are positive perceptions concerning the inclusion of disturbance ecology in the management of national parks. However, there are also obstacles and challenges around natural disturbances within Swedish national parks. These obstacles are, in some cases, explained by practical implications such as the closeness to surrounding societies and in others explained by paradoxes such as visitors’ perceptions of national parks and the wilderness. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
26.	Davidsson, Åsa (författare) Natural Hazards as Windows of Opportunity for Change : Character and Time Perspectives on Environmental Opportunities and Preparedness 2023 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In the aftermath of natural hazards, opportunities often arise for society to make changes that prevent future losses. These changes can also have environmental impacts, increase preparedness, and contribute to sustainable development. Due to the loss of biodiversity and land degradation, there is an urgent need for actions promoting positive environmental changes. Reversing the trend of land degradation and biodiversity loss is motivated by various reasons, such as preserving ecosystem functions and services that offer protection against natural hazards and reducing drivers of climate change. However, due to land degradation, loss of ecosystems, and human settlements in hazard-prone areas, it is also necessary to take actions that reduce the risk of tsunamis by improving preparedness. Improved preparedness from a people-centered perspective is a crucial aspect of sustainable development.The four papers that make up this thesis present and apply two new frameworks— one to assess the environmental effect of human-made societal changes, and one to evaluate the maintenance of a TEWS (Tsunami Early Warning System) over time. The two frameworks capture two aspects of change after a natural hazard: i) environmental impacts and ii) Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). The thesis focuses particularly on time, a common aspect in both frameworks.The results indicate that changes triggered by natural hazards have a dual nature in that their impact on the environment can be both positive and negative. The thesis also provides evidence that past natural hazards can create a delayed window, which can be used as an argument for nature conservation during the establishment of national parks.The framework for evaluating the maintenance of a TEWS shows how difficult it is to operate all parts of the warning chain over time, from tsunami detection to evacuation. If parts of the chain are not maintained, the warning system may not be reliable.
27.	Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare) Relations Among Upper-Limb Movement Organization and Cognitive Function at School Age in Children Born Preterm 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0196-206X .- 1536-7312. ; 34:5, s. 344-352 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To explore relations between aspects of upper-body spatiotemporal movement organization and intelligence in children born preterm at school age.Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic recordings of arm and head movements during a unimanual precision task were related to performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition, in a sample of 32 children born preterm (gestational age, mean: 31.5 weeks [range: 22-35 weeks]; birth weight, mean: 1699 g [range: 404-2962 g]) at 6 years to 8 years with no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments compared with 40 age-matched control children born fullterm.Results: In the children born preterm, upper-limb movement duration and segmentation of movement trajectories were significantly associated with full-scale intelligence quotient independent of gestational age (GA) and sex. These effects pertained to the preferred side, characterized by more effective movement organization being linked with increased intelligence scores. The same relations were not seen in the controls. Within the children born preterm, a significant effect of GA was also found for some aspects of upper-limb movement organization. Full-scale intelligence quotient was within normal limits for both groups but significantly lower in the preterm (mean: 94.5 [range: 72-120]) compared with the fullterm (mean: 101.7 [range: 76-119]) born children.Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that, independent of GA, the spatiotemporal organization of upper-limb movements is partly associated with cognitive performance in children born preterm.
28.	Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare) Risk for Behavioral Problems Independent of Cognitive Functioning in Children Born at Low Gestational Ages 2020 Ingår i: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2360. ; 8:311 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioral outcomes in relation to gestational age (GA) in school-aged children born preterm (PT). Results from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were analyzed in 51 children (mean age: 7.8 years [range: 7.0–8.7]) born PT (mean GA: 31 weeks [range: 23–35]; birth weight, mean: 1,637 g [range:404–2,962]) with the majority (96%) having no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments. The control group included 57 age-matched typically developing children (mean age: 7.9 years [range: 6.2–8.7]) born full-term (FT). Children born PT, extremelyPT (GA < 28) in particular, showed significantly lower cognitive performance and higher behavioral problem scores compared with children born FT. GA was found to predict aspects of both cognitive functioning and behavioral problems within the PT group, with lower GA being related to both poorer cognitive outcomes and elevated affective and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems. Global cognitive functioning did not independently predict aspects of behavioral outcomes. Findings demonstrate that, even in children born PT without severe perinatal and/or postnatal complications and receiving active perinatal care, a short gestation is an evident risk factor for long-term negative effects on mental health independent of cognitive functioning. Additional findings suggest that both reduced growth and lower parental educational level may contribute to increased risk for poorer cognitive and behavioral functioning in children born PT.
29.	Ekström, Cecilia, 1989- (författare) Enabling and Coercive Control : Coexistence in the Case of Banking 2018 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This thesis focuses on subjects of control and attitudinal outcomes of formalized control in organizations. Previous research have concluded contradicting results of whether formalized control is positive or negative for the employees and propose that not only degree of formalization, but also type of formalization, can explain attitudinal outcomes.With the theoretical perspective of Adler and Borys’ concepts of enabling and coercive types of control, this thesis explore the concepts and practices of enabling and coercive control, and their relationships with attitudinal outcomes. This is done with a focus on the banking industry, which serve as a case of an extensively regulated context. An assumption put forth in this thesis is that the context in which individuals are part must be considered in the study of attitudinal outcomes of control.The analysis show that both enabling and coercive control can be found in banking, for example in business plans and regulations. However, the picture emerging is more complex than enabling control leading to positive attitudes, and coercive control leading to negative attitudes. Also, coexistence of enabling and coercive control is responded to with decoupling and acquiescence, and by drawing on global transparency.Based on these findings, together with theoretical elaborations, this thesis contribute to the literature of enabling and coercive control in a number of ways. First, it make explicit central concepts and relationships within the theory, such as design vs. perception, the role of zone of indifference as an outcome of control, and enabling and coercive control as dual roles or qual-ities of control. Moreover, this thesis suggests that multiple-level explanations to attitudinal outcomes of control, where contextual and institutional structures are considered, helps us understand attitudes to control in this context. Lastly, this thesis contribute to the notion of coexistence of enabling and coercive control by showing that coexistence can be simultaneous systems, and simultaneous cognitions, where a control can be perceived as both enabling and coercive at the same time.
30.	Forsemalm, Joakim, 1973, et al. (författare) Att lära sig utveckla regionen genom kommunen Urbana stationssamhällen som verktyg för ett hållbart transportsystem 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Rapporten beskriver några av hinder som finns för att kombinera utvecklingen av attraktiva stationssamhällen med utvecklingen av regionala spårbundna kollektivtrafiksystem. Vi kommer också att peka på några tänkbara vägar förbi dessa hinder. Det första steget är bättre samverkan mellan lokala och regionala aktörer. Samverkan förutsätter i sin tur ett visst mått av styrning och ledning. Styrning och ledning av samverkansprocesser underlättas av ett gemensamt lärande. Utan ett lärande är det svårt att utveckla gemensamma målbilder och komma förbi alla de stuprör som försvårar samordningen mellan lokala och regionala utvecklingsprocesser. Idag vet allt fler allt mer om hur vi skulle kunna utveckla hållbara och effektiva transportsystem. Utmaningen är att få alla dessa, inte sällan motstridiga, kunskaper och perspektiv att bidra till gemensamma problemlösningar. Gemensamma problemlösningar underlättas i sin tur om vi kan samlas runt olika gränsobjekt (boundary objects). Ett gränsobjekt är ett fenomen eller process som kan förstås ur olika perspektiv, samtidigt som det finns en gemensam kärna. I den här rapporten ser vi hållbara urbana stationssamhällen som ett sådant gränsobjekt som, om det används på rätt sätt, kan bli nyckeln som låser upp dörren och öppnar för hållbara regionala tillväxtprocesser. En paradox i dagens stadsutvecklingsarbete är samtidigt svårigheten att omsätta teoretiska kunskaper till praktiskt arbete, trots allt fler samverkansarenor, konferenser och nationella initiativ. En förklaring är att de professionella aktörer som ska planera och utveckla den hållbara staden sällan ges möjligheter att arbeta långsiktigt och innovativt. Ofta saknas tid och resurser för att pröva sig fram till nya arbetssätt, även om det finns en insikt om att detta behövs. Ett annat hinder är svåriheter att ”översätta” forskningsresultat till nya arbetssätt. Teoretiska kunskaper och forskningsresultat som rör hållbar stadutveckling måste anpassas till lokala omständigheter för att kunna användas i etablerade yrkespraktiker. Detta kan ske genom olika former av professionellt lärande och organisationsutveckling. Denna studie har iscensatt hur sådana lärandeformer skulle kunna se ut. Genom att samla olika professionella och politiker i fyra olika kommuner (Trollhättan, Båstad, Laholm och Stenungsund) att prata kring ett komplext projekt – stationssamhällesutveckling – har ambitionen varit att skapa möjligheten till tvärfackliga diskussioner och ett gemensamt lärande kring processer som befinner sig i gränslandet mellan government och governance. Syftet med projektet "Från kunskapskryp till transdisciplinära kunskapsagenter: om att dela och översätta kunskap i utvecklingen av urbana stationssamhällen" har varit att genomföra en mindre serie workshopar som stöd för några kommuners funderingar om nyckelprojekt avseende framtida utvecklingsmöjligheter. Det har samtidigt handlat om att förstå spännvidden i olika kunskapsbehov och kunskapsrelationer. Projektet har varit en del av Mistra Urban Futures paraplyprojekt Det urbana stationssamhället – vägen mot ett hållbart resande. Mistra Urban Futures har också finansierat projektet tillsammans med Länsstyrelsen i Skåne, Region Skåne och Region Halland.
31.	Fredriksson, Magnus, 1970, et al. (författare) The Dynamics of Professional Identity Why journalists view journalists working with PR as a threat to journalism 2014 Ingår i: Journalism Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1751-2786 .- 1751-2794. ; 8:5, s. 585-595 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this article is to analyse how journalists' professional identity is related to their attitude towards PR. The focus is how—and to what extent—journalistic ideology, organizational belonging and the individual's social position influence journalists' perception that other journalists working with PR lower the trustworthiness of journalism. The analyses rest on data from the Swedish Journalist Survey 2011, which is a national representative survey of Swedish journalists. The results show that journalists in general embrace a hostile attitude towards journalists who start working as PR practitioners. However, those who have worked as a journalist for fewer years or have journalistic ideals promoting the amusement function of journalism, or have worked as a freelance, or been employed in an organization producing newsletters, as well as female journalists, weaken this posture. The article concludes with a discussion on how the results could be understood in relation to recent changes in journalism's power and prerequisites, and how a professional identity might function as a form of resistance.
32.	Fu, Michael, 1963, et al. (författare) Optimizing the Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Elderly by Targeting Comorbidities (OPTIMIZE-HFPEF). 2016 Ingår i: Journal of cardiac failure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8414 .- 1071-9164. ; 22:7, s. 539-544 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is not fully understood. A recently proposed mechanism for HFPEF is that it is a systemic pro-inflammatory state induced by comorbidities, leading to microvascular endothelial dysfunction and subsequent cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. We hypothesize that targeting comorbidities will improve outcomes in elderly patients with HFPEF. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine whether the combination of systematic screening of patients with HFPEF and optimal management of comorbidities associated with HFPEF improves outcomes.
33.	Fukushima, Nanna, 1978-, et al. (författare) Fossilt till bio : Klimatpåverkan av drivmedelsdistribution 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Trots att ökad användning av biodrivmedel anses vara viktig för att uppnå klimatmålen i Sverige och EU, råder det idag brist på kunskap om hur produktionen och distributionen av biodrivmedel påverkar de svenska växthusgasutsläppen. Samtidigt har beroendet av importerat bränsle för drivmedelsförsörjningen i Sverige blivit en nationell säkerhetsfråga, vilket kräver ökad kunskap om utvecklingen av framtidens fossilfria transportsystem. Målet med denna förstudie är att utforska och kartlägga produktionen, distributionen och efterfrågan av drivmedel i Sverige idag. Inom ramen för en huvudstudie planerar vi sedan att analysera och studera hur en förändrad drivmedelslogistik, kopplad till användningen och produktionen av biodrivmedel, kan komma att se ut och vilka konsekvenser det får för landets växthusgasutsläpp. En särskild fokus kommer att läggas på att undersöka hur nettoutsläppen påverkas av en ökad självförsörjning av biodrivmedel i Sverige. Ett ytterligare delmål med förstudien har varit att etablera ett starkt konsortium för att erhålla en korrekt nulägesbild och för att fylla eventuella kunskapsluckor. Inför rapporteringen av denna förstudie har vi samarbetat med Energimyndigheten och Drivkraft Sverige, en branschorganisation för drivmedel. Dessutom har vi inlett ett samarbete med Skogforsk, ett skogsforskningsinstitut med gedigen kunskap om användningen av skogliga resurser som råmaterial för biodrivmedelsframställning, vilket är den potentiellt mest betydelsefulla råvaran för storskalig biodrivmedelsproduktion i Sverige. Genom denna förstudie har vi lagt en solid grund för fortsatta analyser där resultaten kommer att bidra till att möjliggöra effektivisering av biodrivmedelsdistributionen och ge rekommendationer för politiska åtgärder som minskar växthusgasutsläppen. Förstudien har genomförts av VTI och partners med finansiering från Triple F.
34.	Golparian, Daniel, 1984-, et al. (författare) Clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate with a N. meningitidis porA gene and no prolyliminopeptidase activity, Sweden, 2011-danger of false-negative genetic and culture diagnostic results 2012 Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - : European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 17:9, s. 5-7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We describe a Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain, found in Sweden in 2011, that harbours a N. meningitidis porA gene causing false-negative results in PCRs targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene. Furthermore, the strain had no prolyliminopeptidase (PIP) activity that many commercial biochemical kits for species verification in culture rely on. Enhanced awareness of the spread of such strains and screening for them can be crucial.
35.	Göransson, Sara, 1970- (författare) Seeking Individual Health and Organizational Sustainability : The Implications of Change and Mobility 2009 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Extensive changes are taking place in working life and creating new and important areas for research. New knowledge is needed in order for individuals and organizations to be able to maintain long-term development. The aim of this thesis is to increase our understanding of how change and (im)mobility in the labor market are related to employees’ health, wellbeing, and work-related attitudes. The thesis comprises three studies, based on questionnaire data from different samples. Study I examined the potential consequences of downsizing in two organizations that had implemented change in two different ways (proactively and reactively). A proactive approach seems to lessen change-related demands and provide an opportunity for increased participation, which helps lessen the negative effects on employee work attitudes and wellbeing. The descriptive data from a representative sample in Study II revealed that 28 percent of the permanent and 50 percent of the temporary employees did not work in their preferred occupations. The results indicate that those individuals who were involuntarily embedded (locked-in position), especially among the permanent employees, had more health problems and less development at work. Study III utilizes a newly developed construct (work-related health attributions) that focuses on the individual’s perception of the relation between work and health. The results indicate that it seems to be a promising construct for predicting job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. For employees to have the opportunity to participate in organizational change, as well as the opportunity to exercise mobility and alter their circumstances when the organization, occupation, or job is not contributing to their better health appear to be factors that help improve health and sustainability for both employees and organizations.
36.	Haas, Rüdiger, 1966, et al. (författare) Onsala Space Observatory – IVS Technology Development Center Activities during 2017–2018 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract We give a brief overview of the technical development related to geodetic VLBI done during 2017 and 2018 at the Onsala Space Observatory.
37.	Harvey, N. C., et al. (författare) Greater pQCT Calf Muscle Density Is Associated with Lower Fracture Risk, Independent of FRAX, Falls and BMD: A Meta-Analysis in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study 2022 Ingår i: JBMR Plus. - : Wiley. - 2473-4039. ; 6:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigated the predictive performance of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of both calf muscle density (an established surrogate for muscle adiposity, with higher values indicating lower muscle adiposity and higher muscle quality) and size (cross-sectional area [CSA]) for incident fracture. pQCT (Stratec XCT2000/3000) measurements at the tibia were undertaken in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) United States (US), Hong Kong (HK), and Swedish (SW) cohorts. Analyses were by cohort and synthesized by meta-analysis. The predictive value for incident fracture outcomes, illustrated here for hip fracture (HF), using an extension of Poisson regression adjusted for age and follow-up time, was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in exposure (HR/SD). Further analyses adjusted for femoral neck (fn) bone mineral density (BMD) T-score, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) 10-year fracture probability (major osteoporotic fracture) and prior falls. We studied 991 (US), 1662 (HK), and 1521 (SW) men, mean +/- SD age 77.0 +/- 5.1, 73.9 +/- 4.9, 80 +/- 3.4 years, followed for a mean +/- SD 7.8 +/- 2.2, 8.1 +/- 2.3, 5.3 +/- 2.0 years, with 31, 47, and 78 incident HFs, respectively. Both greater muscle CSA and greater muscle density were associated with a lower risk of incident HF [HR/SD: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.0 and 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91, respectively]. The pattern of associations was not materially changed by adjustment for prior falls or FRAX probability. In contrast, after inclusion of fn BMD T-score, the association for muscle CSA was no longer apparent (1.04; 95% CI, 0.88-1.24), whereas that for muscle density was not materially changed (0.69; 95% CI, 0.59-0.82). Findings were similar for osteoporotic fractures. pQCT measures of greater calf muscle density and CSA were both associated with lower incidence of fractures in older men, but only muscle density remained an independent risk factor for fracture after accounting for fn BMD. These findings demonstrate a complex interplay between measures of bone, muscle size, and quality, in determining fracture risk. (C) 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
38.	Hedlin, Maria, Docent, 1961-, et al. (författare) Fun guy and possible perpetrator : an interview study of how men are positioned within early childhood education and care 2019 Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 2000-4508. ; 10:2, s. 95-115 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Many countries call for more men to be teachers in early childhood education and care (ECEC). In Sweden, the issue has been discussed since the early 1970s, but despite these discussions there is little Swedish research that examines the notions and expectations associated with male teachers. International research has found that perceptions of men in ECEC can be very ambivalent and that physical contact between the male educator and children is a sensitive issue. By focusing on the interaction between educators and children, the purpose of this study is to investigate gender-specific beliefs about male preschool teachers. The empirical material consists of interviews with 50 informants. Of these, 17 are men and 33 are women. The results show that “the fun guy” and “the possible perpetrator” are two gender-specific positions that male informants are subjected to. The article discusses how men take up and resist the two positions, and argues for the need to further challenge gendered stereotypes in preschools.
39.	Hedlin, Maria, Docent, 1961-, et al. (författare) Too much, too little : Preschool teachers’ perceptions of the boundaries of adequate touching 2018 Ingår i: Pedagogy, Culture & Society. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1468-1366 .- 1747-5104. ; 27:3, s. 485-502 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the present study we focus on physical touch that is judged tobe just outside what is considered to be ‘normal’. We explore how preschool teachers describe and explain situations where educa-tors give children too much or too little touching. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 30 qualified preschool teachers working in Swedish preschools. When the informants talk about situations where educators give children too much touching, the descriptions involve a behaviour that does not lie within the preschool mission, teachers who do not set boundaries, and actions that have disadvantages for the children. On the other hand, situations where educators give children too little touching are described solely with reference to the teacher and that person’s fear or cold personality. The results have been interpreted inrelation to the discourse of preschool professionalisation and Hochschild’s theory of emotional labour
40.	Holmgren, Kristina, 1977-, et al. (författare) Sjöfartens användning av alternativa bränslen : trender och förutsättningar 2021 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I rapporten sammanställs information om användningen av alternativa bränslen inom inrikes sjöfart och utrikes linjesjöfart. Med alternativa bränslen avses bränslen som inte är konventionella bränslen för maritima ändamål, vilket innefattar biobränslen, men också el, LNG och metanol. De sistnämnda bränslena är idag i varierande omfattning fossila men kan i framtiden produceras fossilfritt och bidra till minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser och luftföroreningar från sjöfartssektorn. Studien inkluderar inrikes sjöfart i Sverige samt utrikes linjesjöfart, med särskilt fokus på de fartygskategorier som står för den största andelen av bränsleanvändningen.Utöver att beskriva användningen av alternativa bränslen samt trender för förändring av bränsle-användningen har syftet också varit att beskriva egenskaper för sjöfarten så som rörelsemönster, längd och frekvens på rutter, för att i fortsatta studier kunna analysera potentialen till omställning till olika typer av fossilfri framdrift. Inom ramen för studien har de framtagna dataseten använts för att göra en grov uppskattning av potentialen att ersätta bränsleförbrukningen inom de fartygskategorier med högsta andelen linjesjöfart med el.Följande datainsamlingsdelar har ingått:Litteratur och annan rapportering från forskningen, myndigheter och branschen kring användning av alternativa bränslen.Enkäter till aktörer som bedriver inrikes sjöfart samt utrikes linjesjöfart för faktisk användning av alternativa bränslen.Två dataset baserade på rörelsedata (AIS-data) under 2019 för fartyg inom Östersjöområdet, inklusive Skagerrak och Kattegatt, samt Shipair-modellen har tagits fram av SMHI.Information kring hur branschen jobbar med omställning till fossilfrihet. Detta har sammanställts baserat på en digital workshop som arrangerats inom ramen för projektet.Resultaten visar att både för inrikes och internationell sjöfart (från Sverige till Östersjön och Västerhavet) är det ropax, tankfartyg och general cargo-fartyg som står för den största andelen av bränsleförbrukningen.Ropax och passagerarfärjor är de fartygskategorier som enligt vår analys har störst andel linjesjöfart. Även kryssningsfartyg och biltransportfartyg har en viss andel sådan trafik.
41.	Ideland, Malin, 1970-, et al. (författare) Rapport i forskningscirkeln : genus och utomhuspedagogik 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Slutrapport från forskningscirkel om utepedagogik och genus som genömfördes tillsammas med Naturskolan i Malmö och tre förskolor.
42.	Johansson, Bengt, 1964, et al. (författare) Blurring Boundaries or Embracing Journalistic Ideals? 2013 Ingår i: The Future of Journalism Conference, Cardiff September 2013. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
43.	Johansson, Björn, Docent, 1970-, et al. (författare) Friendsrapporten 2022 : 10 år av barnens röster! 2022 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
44.	Johansson, Björn, Docent, 1970-, et al. (författare) Friendsrapporten 2023 : Mobbning och psykisk ohälsa 2023 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
45.	Johansson, Björn, Docent, 1970-, et al. (författare) Mobbningens förekomst : Tre barn utsatta i varje klass 2022 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
46.	Johansson, Caroline, et al. (författare) A touch of touch : Preschool teacher education students' reflections about physical touch 2018 Ingår i: Issues in educational research. - : Australian Institutes for Educational Research. - 0313-7155 .- 1837-6290. ; 28:4, s. 953-966 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract International research has shown that several countries have adopted a cautious attitude towards physical touch between educators and children. Physical touch in preschool is a sensitive and difficult issue that requires preschool teacher education to address the question in a considerate and thoughtful manner. Nevertheless, the question of how students are prepared for the touch that is part of an educational environment with children has only been investigated to a limited extent. The aim of the present study is therefore to study how students perceive that the question of touch is handled in Swedish preschool teacher education. Data was collected through surveys (N = 204) and through semi-structured interviews with students and graduates in preschool teacher education. The results show that the informants felt that their interests and needs were not met. Instead, they were forced to take their own responsibility for raising the issue. To the extent that discussions about physical contact were addressed in education, it was primarily negative aspects that were raised. The results are discussed, for instance from a gender perspective. The men in the program are more affected by the lack of a clear place for touch in the program.
47.	Johansson, Caisa, 1973-, et al. (författare) Some properties of flexographic printing plates and aspects of print quality 2009 Ingår i: Appita journal. - : Appita. - 1038-6807. ; 62:5, s. 371-378 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
48.	Johansson, Caroline, et al. (författare) Touch the Children, or Please Don't : Preschool Teachers’ Approach to Touch 2021 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 65:2, s. 288-301 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract ABSTRACT Physical touch between educators and children in preschool settings is a sensitive issue in many countries. The aim of the study is to examine how future and newly graduated preschool teachers relate to touch between preschool teachers and children in the Swedish preschool context. The study was conducted using: 1) a questionnaire study (n = 204) and 2) semi-structured interviews (n = 20). The results illustrate the informants’ desire to combine physical care of children with awareness of and respect for children’s bodily integrity.
49.	Johansson, Helena, 1981, et al. (författare) High serum adiponectin predicts incident fractures in elderly men: Osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) Sweden 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681 .- 0884-0431. ; 27:6, s. 1390-1396 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Adipocytes and osteoblasts share a common progenitor, and there is, therefore, potential for both autocrine and endocrine effects of adiponectin on skeletal metabolism. The aim of the present study was to determine whether high serum adiponectin was associated with an increased risk of fracture in elderly men. We studied the relationship between serum adiponectin and the risk of fracture in 999 elderly men drawn from the general population and recruited to the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study in Gothenburg, Sweden. Baseline data included general health questionnaires, lifestyle questionnaires, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), serum adiponectin, osteocalcin, and leptin. Men were followed for up to 7.4 years (average, 5.2 years). Poisson regression was used to investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin, other risk variables and the time-to-event hazard function of fracture. Median levels of serum adiponectin at baseline were 10.4 mu g/mL (interquartile range, 7.714.3). During follow-up, 150 men sustained one or more fractures. The risk of fracture increased in parallel with increasing serum adiponectin (hazard ratio [HR]/SD, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.231.72) and persisted after multivariate-adjusted analysis (HR/SD, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.091.55). Serum adiponectin shows graded stepwise association with a significant excess risk of fracture in elderly men that was independent of several other risk factors for fracture. Its measurement holds promise as a risk factor for fracture in men. (C) 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
50.	Johansson, Helena, 1981, et al. (författare) Is the Swedish FRAX model appropriate for Swedish immigrants? 2015 Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 26:11, s. 2617-2622 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The incidence of hip fracture in Sweden is substantially lower in immigrants than in the population born in Sweden. Thus, the use of a FRAXA (R) model in immigrants overestimates the risk of fracture, and the use of country of origin-specific models may be more appropriate. Introduction Age-specific fracture and mortality rates vary between countries so that FRAX tools are country-specific. In the case of immigrants, it is not known whether the model for the original or the new country is most appropriate. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of hip fractures in foreign-born and Swedish-born individuals residing in Sweden. Methods We studied the incidence of hip fracture in all men and women aged 50 years or more in Sweden between 1987 and 2002. The population comprised 2.8 million Swedish-born and 270,000 foreign-born individuals. Results Incident hip fractures occurred in 239,842 Swedish-born and 12,563 foreign-born individuals. The hip fracture incidence rose with age for both groups and was higher for women than men amongst both Swedish-born and foreign-born individuals. The hip fracture incidence for the Swedish-born cohort was approximately twice that of immigrants. For example, at the age of 70 years, the annual hip fracture incidence (per 100,000) was 450 (95 % CI 446-454) for a Swedish-born woman and 239 (95 % CI 223-257) for a foreign-born woman at the time of immigration. The hip fracture incidence rose slowly with time from immigration (0.6 % per annum, 95 % CI 0.5-0.8 %) but remained significantly lower than for Swedish-born individuals even after 40 years of residence. Conclusions The incidence of hip fracture in Sweden is substantially lower in immigrants than in the population native to Sweden. Although there was a small rise in age- and sex-specific incidence after immigration, the incidence remained markedly lower than that observed in Swedish-born individuals. Thus, the use of a FRAX model for Sweden will overestimate the risk of fracture for foreign-born individuals living in Sweden.

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