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Sökning: WFRF:(Kumar Ashok)

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1.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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2.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare)
  • Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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3.
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4.
  • Abelev, Betty, et al. (författare)
  • Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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5.
  • Kumar, Rakesh, et al. (författare)
  • Rice husk biochar-A novel engineered bio-based material for transforming groundwater-mediated fluoride cycling in natural environments
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 343
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biochar, a promising carbon-rich and carbon-negative material, can control water pollution, harness the synergy of sustainable development goals, and achieve circular economy. This study examined the performance feasibility of treating fluoride-contaminated surface and groundwater using raw and modified biochar synthesized from agricultural waste rice husk as problem-fixing renewable carbon-neutral material. Physicochemical characterizations of raw/modified biochars were investigated using FESEM-EDAX, FTIR, XRD, BET, CHSN, VSM, pHpzc, Zeta potential, and particle size analysis were analyzed to identify the surface morphology, functional groups, structural, and electrokinetic behavior. In fluoride (Fˉ) cycling, performance feasibility was tested at various governing factors, contact time (0–120 min), initial Fˉ levels (10–50 mg L−1), biochar dose (0.1–0.5 g L−1), pH (2–9), salt strengths (0–50 mM), temperatures (301–328 K), and various co-occurring ions. Results revealed that activated magnetic biochar (AMB) possessed higher adsorption capacity than raw biochar (RB) and activated biochar (AB) at pH 7. The results indicated that maximum Fˉ removal (98.13%) was achieved using AMB at pH 7 for 10 mg L−1. Electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, pore fillings, and surface complexation govern Fˉ removal mechanisms. Pseudo-second-order and Freundlich were the best fit kinetic and isotherm for Fˉ sorption, respectively. Increased biochar dose drives an increase in active sites due to Fˉ level gradient and mass transfer between biochar-fluoride interactions, which reported maximum mass transfer for AMB than RB and AB. Fluoride adsorption using AMB could be described through chemisorption processes at room temperature (301 K), though endothermic sorption follows the physisorption process. Fluoride removal efficiency reduced, from 67.70% to 53.23%, with increased salt concentrations from 0 to 50 mM NaCl solutions, respectively, due to increased hydrodynamic diameter. Biochar was used to treat natural fluoride-contaminated surface and groundwater in real-world problem-solving measures, showed removal efficiency of 91.20% and 95.61%, respectively, for 10 mg L−1 Fˉ contamination, and has been performed multiple times after systematic adsorption-desorption experiments. Lastly, techno-economic analysis was analyzed for biochar synthesis and Fˉ treatment performance costs. Overall, our results revealed worth output and concluded with recommendations for future research on Fˉ adsorption using biochar.
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6.
  • Jena, Manoj Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Molecular complexity of mammary glands development : a review of lactogenic differentiation in epithelial cells
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology. - 2169-1401. ; 51:1, s. 491-508
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mammary gland is a dynamic organ with various physiological processes like cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle. It is essential to understand the molecular changes during the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs, the milk-synthesizing cells). The MECs are organized as luminal milk-secreting cells and basal myoepithelial cells (responsible for milk ejection by contraction) that form the alveoli. The branching morphogenesis and lactogenic differentiation of the MECs prepare the gland for lactation. This process is governed by many molecular mediators including hormones, growth factors, cytokines, miRNAs, regulatory proteins, etc. Interestingly, various signalling pathways guide lactation and understanding these molecular transitions from pregnancy to lactation will help researchers design further research. Manipulation of genes responsible for milk synthesis and secretion will promote augmentation of milk yield in dairy animals. Identifying protein signatures of lactation will help develop strategies for persistent lactation and shortening the dry period in farm animals. The present review article discusses in details the physiological and molecular changes occurring during lactogenic differentiation of MECs and the associated hormones, regulatory proteins, miRNAs, and signalling pathways. An in-depth knowledge of the molecular events will aid in developing engineered cellular models for studies related to mammary gland diseases of humans and animals.
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7.
  • Ding, Zheli, et al. (författare)
  • A thermo-chemical and biotechnological approaches for bamboo waste recycling and conversion to value added product: Towards a zero-waste biorefinery and circular bioeconomy
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 333
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fast growth of bamboo species make them a suitable candidate for eco-restoration, while its lignocellulosic substrate could be used for production of high-value green products such as biofuels, chemicals, and biomaterials. Within these frameworks, this review comprehensively explored the thermochemical and biological conversion of bamboo biomass to value-added fuels and chemicals. Additionally, this review stretches an in-depth understanding of bamboo biomass lignin extraction technologies and bioengineered methodologies, as well as their biorefinery conversion strategies. Additionally, bamboo biomass often utilized in biorefineries are mostly constituted of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, along with proteins, lipids, and a few micronutrients which are not utilized efficientely by current bioengineered techniques. The results indicates that the potential for producing high-value products from bamboo biomass has not been adequately explored. However, enormous potential is still available to make bamboo biorefinery technologies cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable, which are discussed in the current review comprehensively. Furthermore, processes such as pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation are essential to obtain final high-value bio-based products from bamboo biomass, therefore, this review critically designed to explore the current state of the art of these technologies. Overall, the current review establishes a zero-waste suastainable approachs for the reformation of bamboo biomass into chemicals, biofuels, and value-added products.
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8.
  • Ding, Zheli, et al. (författare)
  • Production of biochar from tropical fruit tree residues and ecofriendly applications – A review
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 376
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental contamination is considered a major issue with the growing urbanization and industrialization. In this context, the scientific society is engaged in searching for a sustainable, safe, and eco-friendly solution. Sustainable materials such as biochar play an important role in environmental contamination. It has some specific properties such as micropores which increase the surface area to bind the pollutants. This review endeavors to analyze the potential of fruit wastes especially tropical fruit tree residues as potential candidates for producing highly efficient biochar materials. The review discusses various aspects of biochar production viz. pyrolysis, torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, and gasification. In addition, it discusses biochar use as an adsorbent, wastewater treatment, catalyst, energy storage, carbon sequestration and animal feed. The review put forward a critical discussion about key aspects of applying biochar to the environment.
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9.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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10.
  • Kumar, Rakesh, et al. (författare)
  • Co-transport and deposition of fluoride using rice husk-derived biochar in saturated porous media : Effect of solution chemistry and surface properties
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Environmental Technology & Innovation. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-1864. ; 30
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fluoride (F-) contamination in water is a global health concern, threatening the well-being of millions. This study investigated the role of ZnCl2/FeCl3-rice husk-modified biochar (Zn-BC and Zn/Fe-BC) in treating F--contaminated surface and groundwater under the influence of varying solution chemistry, co-existing ions, and biochar-amended through column transport experiments. Modified biochar showed maximum F- adsorp-tion, 99.01% and 91.90% using Zn/Fe-BC and Zn-BC, respectively, than 85.87% using raw biochar (R-BC). Raw/modified biochars were characterized with FESEM-EDAX, FTIR, XRD, particle size, surface area, electro-kinetic potential, and point of zero charge analyses. Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic could explain that F--biochar interactions are dominated by chemisorption at ambient temperature while physisorption at higher temperatures. The influence of salt concentrations and co-occurring ions reduced F- sorption using Zn/Fe-BC. Increased salt strengths led to reduced electrophoretic mobility of biochar particles, i.e., biochar-biochar particles attract each other and increase the hydrodynamic diameter, which ultimately reduces the active sites on biochar for F- adsorption. Co-transport and deposition of biochar and F- in saturated porous media revealed lower mobility of biochar, and maximum F- adsorption was observed at 10 mM salt strength. Biochar transport is governed by electrostatic interactions, whereas F- transport mainly occurs through chemisorption. In rural areas, hand pumps and tube wells are generally used as source of potable water for drinking and cooking purposes; thus, biochar-mediated sand columns can be utilized for defluoridation. Thus, Zn/Fe-BC can be utilized as a potential bio-adsorbent for F--contaminated natural surface and groundwater with optimum preparation and treatment costs.
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11.
  • Nadda, Ashok Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Chemistry of CO2-phillic materials in enzyme-based hybrid interfacial systems : Implications, strategies and applications
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 250
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from a variety of sources, such as transportation, fossil fuel burning, and cement manufacturing facilities, are widely regarded to be the root cause of global warming. The rising CO2 levels call for immediate improvements in CO2 capture, extraction, and utilization technology. Methods for capturing and converting CO2 into useful products have included the use of microbial enzymes, nonporous materials, metal -organic frameworks (MOFs), chemicals, and hybrid membranes. However, these methods possess limitations that make the scale up and commercialization challenging. Scientists are concentrating on maximizing CO2 utilization by incorporating CO2-philic components into enzyme-chemical-material combinations, due to the high solubility of CO2. Here, the focus is on the chemistry of CO2-phillic materials, enzymes and biomolecules engaged in CO2 conversion, and the hybrid micro-reactors that contain material and enzymes integrating together to convert the CO2 into value-added products (organic acids, bioelectricity, carbonates, carbamates, methane, methanol, etc.). The difficulties and obstacles inherent in creating and sustaining such systems have also been highlighted.
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12.
  • Sharma, Pushpa Kumari, et al. (författare)
  • Adsorptive behavior of Fe/Zn-modified nanobiochar for arsenic removal from naturally contaminated groundwater
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 23, s. 101011-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Global groundwater is frequently discovered to have high arsenic (As) concentrations, critically endangered and potentially toxic to aquatic organisms and humans. This work investigates As(V) adsorption using raw nanobiochar (RnBC) and activated magnetic nanobiochar (AMnBC), which are synthesized via pre-treating rice straw biomass with ZnCl2 and FeCl3 and pyrolyzing at 500 °C, followed by ball milling. The highest adsorption capacity for AMnBC and RnBC was 130 μg/g and 38.67 μg/g, respectively, at alkaline water chemistry to mimic natural groundwater conditions. Different functional groups contributed by modifications are evident with As(V) adsorption using RnBC and AMnBC. Multilayer chemisorption may explain the adsorption of As(V) on biochar surfaces, as Freundulich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model are suggested. The synthesis cost for AMnBC and RnBC was $0.0147/g and $0.0099/g, respectively, which helped to determine the most effective and efficient method for As(V) adsorption. In this study, natural As-contaminated groundwater collected from Patna, Bihar (India), was treated for As(V) removal using AMnBC in natural environments. Thus, this study recommends that cost-effective modified biochar can effectively be used for As(V) elimination from naturally contaminated groundwater as well as surface water.
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13.
  • Sharma, Vinay, et al. (författare)
  • Expression, purification, characterization and in silico analysis of newly isolated hydrocarbon degrading bleomycin resistance dioxygenase
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Molecular Biology Reports. - : Springer. - 0301-4851 .- 1573-4978. ; 47:1, s. 533-544
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the present investigation, we report cloning, expression, purification and characterization of a novel Bleomycin Resistance Dioxygenase (BRPD). His-tagged fusion protein was purified to homogeneity using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, yielding 1.2 mg of BRPD with specific activity of 6.25 U mg−1 from 600 ml of E. coli culture. Purified enzyme was a dimer with molecular weight ~ 26 kDa in SDS-PAGE and ~ 73 kDa in native PAGE analysis. The protein catalyzed breakdown of hydrocarbon substrates, including catechol and hydroquinone, in the presence of metal ions, as characterized via spectrophotometric analysis of the enzymatic reactions. Bleomycin binding was proven using the EMSA gel retardation assay, and the putative bleomycin binding site was further determined by in silico analysis. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that BRPD attains octahedral configuration in the presence of Fe2+ ion, forming six co-ordinate complexes to degrade hydroquinone-like molecules. In contrary, in the presence of Zn2+ ion BRPD adopts tetrahedral configuration, which enables degradation of catechol-like molecules.
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15.
  • Agarwala, Sunita, et al. (författare)
  • Convolutional Neural Networks for Efficient Localization of Interstitial Lung Disease Patterns in HRCT Images
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Medical Image Understanding and Analysis. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783319959214 - 9783319959207 ; , s. 12-22
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Lung field segmentation is the first step towards the development of any computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for interstitial lung diseases (ILD) observed in chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images. If the segmentation is not done efficiently it will compromise the accuracy of CAD system. In this paper, a deep learning-based method is proposed to localize several interstitial lung disease patterns (ILD) in HRCT images without performing lung field segmentation. In this paper, localization of several ILD patterns is performed in image slice. The pretrained models of ZF and VGG networks were fine-tuned in order to localize ILD patterns using Faster R-CNN framework. The three most difficult ILD patterns consolidation, emphysema, and fibrosis have been used for this study and the accuracy of the method has been evaluated in terms of mean average precision (mAP) and free receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curve. The model achieved mAP value of 75% and 83% on ZF and VGG networks, respectively. The result obtained shows the effectiveness of the method in the localization of different ILD patterns.
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16.
  • Duan, Yumin, et al. (författare)
  • Succession of keratin-degrading bacteria and associated health risks during pig manure composting
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 258
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The alteration of microbial dynamics and their divergence were evaluated in bristles containing pig manure (PM) compost with different concentrations of coconut shell biochar [0% (T1), 2.5% (T2), 5.0% (T3), 7.5% (T4) and 10% (T5)] amendment. The results revealed that the CB amendment significantly increased the keratin degradation efficiency and bacterial diversity during composting. The richest bacterial diversity and the highest keratin reduction of 39.1% were observed in the PM compost with a 7.5% CB amendment. The most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria (which accounted for 87.91% and 12.09%, respectively), and the superior genera were Bacilli and Clostridia (which accounted for 23.52% and 61.17%, respectively). In addition, a dimensionality analysis from principal coordinate’s analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that the bacterial community had a significant divergence among the different dosages of CB. Furthermore, the correlation found in a canonical correspondence analysis illustrated that the physio-chemical environmental factors were more relevant for the bacterial community within the CB in the compost than in that in the control sample. Overall, the application of biochar for composting altered the typical selectivity for functional bacteria and further influenced the organic waste biotransformation during bristle-containing PM composting. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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17.
  • Kumar, Abhishek, et al. (författare)
  • Segmentation of Lung Field in HRCT Images Using U-Net Based Fully Convolutional Networks
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Medical Image Understanding and Analysis. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783319959214 - 9783319959207 ; , s. 84-93
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Segmentation is a preliminary step towards the development of automated computer aided diagnosis system (CAD). The system accuracy and efficiency primarily depend on the accurate segmentation result. Effective lung field segmentation is major challenging task, especially in the presence of different types of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). At present, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is considered to be the best imaging modality to observe ILD patterns. The most common patterns based on their textural appearances are consolidation, emphysema, fibrosis, ground glass opacity (GGO), reticulation and micronodules. In this paper, automatic lung field segmentation of pathological lung has been done using U-Net based deep convolutional networks. Our proposed model has been evaluated on publicly available MedGIFT database. The segmentation result was evaluated in terms of the dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Finally, the experimental results obtained on 330 testing images of different patterns achieving 94% of average DSC.
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18.
  • Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al. (författare)
  • A critical review of organic manure biorefinery models toward sustainable circular bioeconomy: Technological challenges, advancements, innovations, and future perspectives
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; , s. 115-131
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Total livestock emissions account for up to 14.5% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions. Counteractive measures, such as circular economy concepts and negative emission technologies are necessary to limit global warming below 1.5 °C. Possible treatment options for organic manure include anaerobic digestion, combustion, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction and composting. The choice of treatment varies depending on the economics, the requirement of a specific product, and sociocultural factors. Commercialization of these treatments needs a blend of appropriate technology, feasible economics, policy support and agreeable socio-cultural conditions. Key findings of this study include the following: 1. Increasing scientific awareness about manure management and treatment; 2. Building a sustainable cooperative model to commercialize technologies; 3. Creating a market for manure recycling products; 4. The role of policy in supporting technologies and consumers; and 5. The codigestion of substrates for better efficacy. Current trends show minimal actions in place as opposed to the high-rate of acceleration that is necessary.
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19.
  • Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al. (författare)
  • Agricultural waste biorefinery development towards circular bioeconomy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 158
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The concept of biorefinery depends on the recuperation of higher-value chemicals with potential for a wide dissemination and an untapped marketability. To construct a clearer picture of rural waste treatment system, this work was conducted to critically review the foremost regularly utilized agricultural waste management technologies from their state of the art, challenges for setting up the biorefinery and system of circular economy with self-efficient business model. The drivers that can make the biorefinery concept appropriate to waste management and the conceivable outcomes for its improvement to full scale were examined. Technological, strategic and market imperatives influence the effective usage of these frameworks. This review discusses the state-of-the-art biorefinery opportunities beyond conventional strategies as an economically viable solution to overcome numerous current challenges such as waste minimization and the biosynthesis of different high-value bioproducts biorefinery strategies, integrated approach as well as economic and environmental impact were discussed.
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20.
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21.
  • Tarai, Madhumita, et al. (författare)
  • Eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition (EED) analysis of dissimilarity and covariance matrix obtained from total synchronous fluorescence spectral (TSFS) data sets of herbal preparations : optimizing the classification approach
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Spectrochimica Acta Part A - Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier. - 1386-1425 .- 1873-3557. ; 184, s. 128-133
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present work compares the dissimilarity and covariance baseckinsupervised chemometric classification approaches by, taking the total synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy data sets acquired for the cumin and non cumin based herbal preparations. The conventional decomposition method involves eigenvalue-eigenvector analysis of the covariance of the data set and finds the factors that can explain the overall major sources of variation present in the data set. The conventional approach does this irrespective of the fact that the samples belong to intrinsically different groups and hence leads to poor class separation. The present work shows that classification of such samples can be optimized by performing the eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition on the pair-wise dissimilarity matrix.
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22.
  • 2021
  • swepub:Mat__t
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23.
  • Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al. (författare)
  • Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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24.
  • Challa, Srinavi, et al. (författare)
  • An efficient ECC-based provably secure three-factor user authentication and key agreement protocol for wireless healthcare sensor networks
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Computers & electrical engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0045-7906 .- 1879-0755. ; 69, s. 534-554
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We first show the security limitations of a recent user authentication scheme proposed for wireless healthcare sensor networks. We then present a provably secure three-factor user authentication and key agreement protocol for wireless healthcare sensor networks. The proposed scheme supports functionality features, such as dynamic sensor node addition, password as well as biometrics update, smart card revocation along with other usual features required for user authentication in wireless sensor networks. Our scheme is shown to be secure through the rigorous formal security analysis under the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model and broadly-accepted Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic. Furthermore, the simulation through the widely-known Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool shows that our scheme is also secure. High security, and low communication and computation costs make our scheme more suitable for practical application in healthcare applications as compared to other related existing schemes.
  •  
25.
  • Chatterjee, Santanu, et al. (författare)
  • Secure Biometric-Based Authentication Schemeusing Chebyshev Chaotic Map for Multi-Server Environment
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 1545-5971 .- 1941-0018. ; 15:5, s. 824-839
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multi-server environment is the most common scenario for a large number of enterprise class applications. In this environment, user registration at each server is not recommended. Using multi-server authentication architecture, user can manage authentication to various servers using single identity and password. We introduce a new authentication scheme for multi-server environments using Chebyshev chaotic map. In our scheme, we use the Chebyshev chaotic map and biometric verification along with password verification for authorization and access to various application servers. The proposed scheme is light-weight compared to other related schemes. We only use the Chebyshev chaotic map, cryptographic hash function and symmetric key encryption-decryption in the proposed scheme. Our scheme provides strong authentication, and also supports biometrics & password change phase by a legitimate user at any time locally, and dynamic server addition phase. We perform the formal security verification using the broadly-accepted AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tool to show that the presented scheme is secure. In addition, we use the formal security analysis using the Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic along with random oracle models and prove that our scheme is secure against different known attacks. High security and significantly low computation and communication costs make our scheme is very suitable for multi-server environments as compared to other existing related schemes.
  •  
26.
  • Chen, Hongyu, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of microbial culture and chicken manure biochar on compost maturity and greenhouse gas emissions during chicken manure composting
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 389
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effects of chicken manure biochar (CMB) and chicken manure integrated microbial consortium (CMMC) as co-amendments were assessed on compost maturity and reduction of greenhouse gases and ammonia (NH3) emissions during chicken manure composting. Composting was conducted using six combinations of CMB and CMCC (0 % CMB + 0 % CMMC, 0 % CMB + 10 % CMMC, 2 % CMB + 10 % CMMC, 4 % CMB + 10 % CMMC, 6 % CMB + 10 % CMMC, 10 % CMB + 10 % CMMC added on a dry weight basis) in six polyvinyl chloride composting reactors for 42 days under an aerobic environment. Co-amendment of CMB and CMMC extended the thermophilic stage and promoted compost maturity. The release of greenhouse gases [nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4)] and NH3 from treatments co-amended by CMB and CMMC were reduced by 19.0-27.4 %, 9.3-55.9 % and 24.2-56.9 %, respectively, compared with the control. In addition, a redundancy analysis showed that the C/N ratio and temperature had a significant relationship with greenhouse gases and NH3 emissions among all physiochemical characteristics.
  •  
27.
  • Duan, Yumin, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainable biorefinery approaches towards circular economy for conversion of biowaste to value added materials and future perspectives
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 325, s. 124846-124846
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With the huge energy demand inevitably exacerbates the non-renewable resources depletion and ecological-social challenges, renewable energy has become a crucial participant in sustainable strategy. Biorefinery emerged as a sustainable approach and recognized promising transformation platforms for products, to achieve circular bioeconomy which focuses on the biomass efficient and sustainable valorization, promotes resource regeneration and restorative. The emerged biowaste biorefinery has proved as sustainable approach for integrated bioproducts and further applied this technology in industrial, commercial, agricultural and energy sectors. Based on carbon neutral sustainable development, this review comprehensive explained the biowaste as renewable resource generation and resource utilization technologies from the perspective of energy, nutrient and material recovery in the concept of biorefinery. Integrate biorefinery concepts into biowaste management is promise for conversion biowaste into value-added materials and contribute as driving force to cope with resource scarcity, climate changes and huge material demand in circular bioeconomy. In practice, the optimal of biorefinery technologies depends on environmentally friendly, economic and technical feasibility, social and policy acceptance. Additionally, policy interventions are necessary to promote biowaste biorefinery implements for circular bioeconomy and contribute to low-carbon cleaner environment.
  •  
28.
  • Jat, Rajkumar, et al. (författare)
  • Deficit irrigation scheduling with mulching and yield prediction of guava (Psidium guajava L.) in a subtropical humid region
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-665X. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Drip irrigation and mulching are often used to alleviate the problem of poor water management in many crops; however, these technologies have not yet been tested for applying water at critical stages of guava orchard growth in subtropical humid Tarai regions of India to improve the yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted over 2020 and 2021 which included three irrigation strategies: severe deficit irrigation (DI50), moderate deficit irrigation (DI75), and full irrigation (FI100), as well as four mulching methods: silver-black mulch (M-SB), black mulch (M-B), organic mulch (M-OM), and a control without mulch (M-WM). The results showed that both the relative leaf water content (RLWC) and the proline content exhibited an increasing trend with a decrease in the irrigation regime, resulting in a 123% increase in the proline content under DI50 conditions compared with FI100, while greater plant growth was recorded in fully irrigated plants and using silver-black mulch. Leaf nutrient analysis showed that FI100 and M-OM produced significantly higher concentrations of all nutrients. However, moderate deficit irrigation (DI75) along with silver-black mulch (M-SB) produced higher numbers of fruits per plant, higher average fruit weights, higher fruit yields, and maximum ascorbic acid contents. The irrigation water productivity (IWP) decreased with an increase in the irrigation regime; from severe water deficit to full irrigation, resulting in a 33.79% improvement in IWP under DI50 conditions as compared with FI100. Regression analysis outperforms principal component regression analysis for fruit yield prediction, with adjusted R-2 = 89.80%, RMSE = 1.91, MAE = 1.52, and MAPE = 3.83. The most important traits affecting the fruit yield of guava, based on stepwise regression, were leaf proline, leaf Cu, fruit weight, and IWP.
  •  
29.
  • Kumar, A. Naresh, et al. (författare)
  • Upgrading the value of anaerobic fermentation via renewable chemicals production : A sustainable integration for circular bioeconomy
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 806, part 1
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The single bioprocess approach has certain limitations in terms of process efficiency, product synthesis, and effective resource utilization. Integrated or combined bioprocessing maximizes resource recovery and creates a novel platform to establish sustainable biorefineries. Anaerobic fermentation (AF) is a well-established process for the transformation of organic waste into biogas; conversely, biogas CO2 separation is a challenging and cost-effective process. Biological fixation of CO2 for succinic acid (SA) mitigates CO2 separation issues and produces commercially important renewable chemicals. Additionally, utilizing digestate rich in volatile fatty acid (VFA) to produce medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) creates a novel integrated platform by utilizing residual organic metabolites. The present review encapsulates the advantages and limitations of AF along with biogas CO2 fixation for SA and digestate rich in VFA utilization for MCFA in a closed-loop approach. Biomethane and biohydrogen process CO2 utilization for SA production is cohesively deliberated along with the role of biohydrogen as an alternative reducing agent to augment SA yields. Similarly, MCFA production using VFA as a substrate and function of electron donors namely ethanol, lactate, and hydrogen are comprehensively discussed. A road map to establish the fermentative biorefinery approach in the framework of AF integrated sustainable bioprocess development is deliberated along with limitations and factors influencing for techno-economic analysis. The discussed integrated approach significantly contributes to promote the circular bioeconomy by establishing carbon-neutral processes in accord with sustainable development goals.
  •  
30.
  • Kumar Das, Ashok, et al. (författare)
  • Biometrics-Based Privacy-Preserving User Authentication Scheme for Cloud-Based Industrial Internet of Things Deployment
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 2327-4662. ; 5:6, s. 4900-4913
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Due to the widespread popularity of Internet-enabled devices, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) becomes popular in recent years. However, as the smart devices share the information with each other using an open channel, i.e., Internet, so security and privacy of the shared information remains a paramount concern. There exist some solutions in the literature for preserving security and privacy in IIoT environment. However, due to their heavy computation and communication overheads, these solutions may not be applicable to wide category of applications in IIoT environment. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new Biometric-based Privacy Preserving User Authentication (BP2UA) scheme for cloud-based IIoT deployment. BP2UA consists of strong authentication between users and smart devices using pre-established key agreement between smart devices and the gateway node. The formal security analysis of BP2UA using the well-known ROR model is provided to prove its session key security. Moreover, an informal security analysis of BP2UA is also given to show its robustness against various types of known attacks. The computation and communication costs of BP2UA in comparison to the other existing schemes of its category demonstrate its effectiveness in the IIoT environment. Finally, the practical demonstration of BP2UA is also done using the NS2 simulation.
  •  
31.
  • Kumar, Rajesh, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamics of suspended sediment load with respect to summer discharge and temperatures in Shaune Garang glacierized catchment, Western Himalaya
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Acta Geophysica. - : Springer. - 1895-6572 .- 1895-7455. ; 66:5, s. 1109-1120
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The observed and predicted rise in temperature will have deleterious impact on melting of snow and ice and form of precipitation which is already evident in Indian Himalayan Region. The temperature-dependent entities like discharge and sediment load will also vary with the observed and predicted rise posing environmental, social and economic threat in the region. There is little known about sediment load transport in relation to temperature and discharge in glacierized catchments in Himalaya mainly due to the scarcity of ground-based observation. The present study is an attempt to understand the suspended sediment load and transportation in relation to variation in discharge and temperature in the Shaune Garang catchment. The result shows strong dependence of sediment concentration primarily on discharge (R2 = 0.84) and then on temperature (R2 = 0.79). The catchments with similar geological and climate setting were observed to have comparatively close weathering rate. The sediment load was found to be higher in the catchments in eastern and central part of Indian Himalayan Region in comparison with western part due to dominance of Indian Summer Monsoon leading to high discharge. The annual physical weathering rate in Shaune Garang catchment was found to be 411 t km−2 year−1 which has increased from 327 t km−2 year−1 in around three decades due to rise in temperature causing increase in discharge and proportion of debris-covered glacierized area.
  •  
32.
  • Mairal, Ayushi, et al. (författare)
  • Hyaluronic Acid-Conjugated Thermoresponsive Polymer-Based Bioformulation Enhanced Wound Healing and Gut Barrier Repair of a TNBS-Induced Colitis Injury Ex Vivo Model in a Dynamic Perfusion Device
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - 1944-8244. ; 16:5, s. 5382-5400
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Impairment of intestinal epithelium is a typical feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes leakage of bacteria and antigens from the intestinal lumen and thus results in persistent immune activation. Hence, healing and regeneration of the damaged gut mucosa is a promising therapeutic approach to achieve deep remission in IBD. Currently, available systemic therapies have moderate effects and are often associated with numerous side effects and malignancies. In this study, we aimed to develop a topical therapy by chemically conjugating a temperature-responsive polymer, i.e., poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), along with hyaluronic acid to obtain a sprayable therapeutic formulation that upon colon instillation adheres to the damaged gut mucosa due to its temperature-induced phase transition and mucoadhesive properties. An ex vivo adhesion experiment demonstrates that this therapeutic formulation forms a thin physical coating on the mucosal lining at a physiological temperature within 5 min. Physicochemical characterization of (P(NIPAM-co-NTBAM)-HA) established this formulation to be biocompatible, hemo-compatible, and non-immunogenic. Prednisolone was encapsulated within the polymer formulation to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy in the case of IBD-like conditions as assessed in a custom-fabricated perfusion-based ex vivo model system. Histological analysis suggests that the prednisolone-encapsulated polymer formulation nearly restored the mucosal architecture after 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced damage. Furthermore, a significant (p ≤ 0.001) increase in mRNA levels of Muc-2 and ZO-1 in treated groups further confirmed the mucosal epithelial barrier restoration.
  •  
33.
  • Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of biochar on emission, maturity and bacterial dynamics during sheep manure compositing
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 152, s. 421-429
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effects of bamboo biochar (BB) variables on gaseous emissions, maturity and microbial dynamics during composting of sheep manure were investigated. The experiments were conducted with six different ratio of BB (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% dry weight based) and 0% is compiled as control. The results showed that 10%BB provided rapid mineralization and less time duration of compost maturity. 10% BB has the excellent impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction and nutrients conservation (nitrogen and carbon losses were 13.40 g/kg and 124.42 g/kg) as compared to other treatments. Control was significantly different from other treatments in terms of GHG emission and nitrogen loss and had the lowest germination index after 42 days composting. BB addition were the main factors influencing GHG emission and improve the bacterial abundance. There is a significant correlation among the analyzed physicochemical factors, gaseous emission and bacterial phylum is used 8-10% BB for SM composting. Higher percentages of BB not only reduced CH4 and N2O emissions but also showed significant influence on CO2 and NH3 losses as well as improve the end product quality. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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34.
  • Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al. (författare)
  • Metagenomics for taxonomy profiling : tools and approaches
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 11:1, s. 356-374
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The study of metagenomics is an emerging field that identifies the total genetic materials in an organism along with the set of all genetic materials like deoxyribonucleic acid and ribose nucleic acid, which play a key role with the maintenance of cellular functions. The best part of this technology is that it gives more flexibility to environmental microbiologists to instantly pioneer the immense genetic variability of microbial communities. However, it is intensively complex to identify the suitable sequencing measures of any specific gene that can exclusively indicate the involvement of microbial metagenomes and be able to advance valuable results about these communities. This review provides an overview of the metagenomic advancement that has been advantageous for aggregation of more knowledge about speci?c genes, microbial communities and its metabolic pathways. More speci?c drawbacks of metagenomes technology mainly depend on sequence-based analysis. Therefore, this ‘targeted based metagenomics’ approach will give comprehensive knowledge about the ecological, evolutionary and functional sequence of significantly important genes that naturally exist in living beings either human, animal and microorganisms from distinctive ecosystems.
  •  
35.
  • Naval, Aggarwal Natasha, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesis, molecular docking and in vitro anti-bacterial activity of formazan derivatives
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment. - : World Researchers Associations. - 0972-0626 .- 2278-4527. ; 27:3, s. 47-53
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A new series of Formazan derivatives (F1-10) was synthesized by the reaction of equimolar concentrations of Schiff bases (SB1-10) and Diazonium salts. FT-IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectral data established the structures of the newly synthesized compounds. In-silico analysis was carried out using Schrodinger suite device and docked to the binding site of Human Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PDB ID: 3V2B). The highest affinity is demonstrated by compound F2 having a binding energy of -3.158 kcal/mol. All the new compounds were screened for antibacterial potency. Some of the synthesized compounds F4, F9 displayed good antibacterial activity against all the bacterial organisms when compared to the standard.
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36.
  • Nilsang, Suthasinee, et al. (författare)
  • Monoclonal antibody production using a new supermacroporous cryogel bioreactor
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Biotechnology Progress. - Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1520-6033 .- 8756-7938. ; 23:4, s. 932-939
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A supermacroporous cryogel bioreactor has been developed to culture hybridoma cells for long-term continuous production of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Hybridoma clone M2139, secreting antibodies against J1 epitope (GERGAAGIAGPK; amino acids, 551-564) of collagen type II, are immobilized in the porous bed matrix of a cryogel column (10 mL bed volume). The cells got attached to the matrix within 48 h after inoculation and grew as a confluent sheet inside the cryogel matrix. Cells were in the lag phase for 15 days and secreted mAb into the circulation medium. Glucose consumption and lactic acid production were also monitored, and during the exponential phase (similar to 20 days), the hybridoma cell line consumed 0.75 mM day(-1) glucose, produced 2.48 mM day(-1) lactic acid, and produced 6.5 mu g mL(-1) day(-1) mAb during the exponential phase. The mAb concentration reached 130 mu g mL(-1) after continuous run of the cryogel column for 36 days. The yield of the mAb after purification was 67.5 mg L-1, which was three times greater than the mAb yield obtained from T-flask batch cultivation. Even after the exchange of medium reservoir, cells in the cryogel column were still active and had relatively stable mAb production for an extended period of time. The bioreactor was operated continuously for 55 days without any contamination. The results from ELISA as well as arthritis experiments demonstrate that the antibodies secreted by cells grown on the cryogel column did not differ from antibodies purified from the cells grown in commercial CL-1000 culture flasks. Thus, supermacroporous cryogels can be useful as a supporting material for productive hybridoma cell culture. Cells were found to be viable inside the porous matrix of the cryogel during the study period and secreted antibodies continuously. The antibodies thus obtained from the cryogel reactor were found to be functionally active in vivo, as demonstrated by their capacity to induce arthritis in mice.
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37.
  • Nilsang, Suthasinee, et al. (författare)
  • Three-dimensional culture for monoclonal antibody production by hybridoma cells immobilized in macroporous gel particles
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Biotechnology progress (Print). - Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 8756-7938 .- 1520-6033. ; 24:5, s. 1122-1131
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cell proliferation and long-term production of monoclonal antibody IgG(2b) by M2139 hybridoma cells immobilized in macroporous gel particles (MGPs) in packed-bed reactor were studied for a period of 60 days. The MGPs were made of supermacroporous gels produced in frozen conditions from crosslinked polyacrylamide and modified with gelatin which were housed in special plastic carriers (7 x 9 mm(2)). Cells were trapped in the interior part of MGPs by attaching to the void space of the gel matrix as three-dimensional (3D) cultivation using gelatin as a substrate layer. Optimizing productivity by hybridoma cell relies on understanding regulation of antibody production. In this study, the behavior of M2139 cells in two-dimensional cultures on multiwell plate surfaces was also investigated. The effect of three different medium such as basal medium Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (D-MEM) containing L-glutamine or L-glutamine + 2 mM alpha-ketoglutarate or L-alanyl-glutamine (GlutaMAXtrade mark) was studied prior to its use in 3D cultivation. The kinetics of cell growth in basal medium containing L-glutamine + alpha-ketoglutarate was similar to cells grown on GlutaMAX containing medium, whereas D-MEM containing L-glutamine showed lower productivity. With the maximal viable cell density (6.85 x 10(6) cells mL(-1)) and highest specific mAb production rate (3.9 mug mL(-1) 10(-4) viable cell day(-1)), D-MEM-GlutaMAX was further selected for 3D cultivation. Cells in MGPs were able to grow and secrete antibody for 30 days in packed-bed batch reactor, before a fresh medium reservoir was replaced. After being supplied with fresh medium, cells again showed continuous growth for another 30 days with mAb production efficiency of 50%. These results demonstrate that MGPs can be used efficiently as supporting carrier for long-term monoclonal antibody production. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
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38.
  • Qayoom, Irfan, et al. (författare)
  • A biphasic nanohydroxyapatite/calcium sulphate carrier containing Rifampicin and Isoniazid for local delivery gives sustained and effective antibiotic release and prevents biofilm formation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Long term multiple systemic antibiotics form the cornerstone in the treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis, often combined with local surgical eradication. Implanted carriers for local drug delivery have recently been introduced to overcome some of the limitations associated with conventional treatment strategies. In this study, we used a calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CSH)/nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) based nanocement (NC) biomaterial as a void filler as well as a local delivery carrier of two standard of care tuberculosis drugs, Rifampicin (RFP) and Isoniazid (INH). We observed that the antibiotics showed different release patterns where INH showed a burst release of 67% and 100% release alone and in combination within one week, respectively whereas RFP showed sustained release of 42% and 49% release alone and in combination over a period of 12 weeks, respectively indicating different possible interactions of antibiotics with nHAP. The interactions were studied using computational methodology, which showed that the binding energy of nHAP with RFP was 148 kcal/mol and INH was 11 kcal/mol, thus varying substantially resulting in RFP being retained in the nHAP matrix. Our findings suggest that a biphasic ceramic based drug delivery system could be a promising treatment alternative to bone and joint TB.
  •  
39.
  • Raina, Deepak Bushan, et al. (författare)
  • Biocomposite macroporous cryogels as potential carrier scaffolds for bone active agents augmenting bone regeneration
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Controlled Release. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-3659. ; 235, s. 365-378
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Osteoinduction can be enhanced by combining scaffolds with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). However, BMP's are known to also cause bone resorption. This can be controlled using bisphosphonates like zoledronic acid (ZA). In this study, we produced two different scaffolds containing silk-fibroin, chitosan, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) with and without bioactive glass. The aims of the study were to fabricate, physico-chemically characterize and evaluate the carrier properties of the scaffolds for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ZA. Scaffolds were characterized using various methods to confirm their composition. During cell-material interactions, both scaffolds exhibited gradual but sustained proliferation of both C2C12 and MSCs for a period of 6 weeks with augmentative effects on their phenotype indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) cuing towards osteogenic differentiation. In-vitro effects of rhBMP-2 and ZA contained within both the scaffolds was assessed on MC3T3 preosteoblast cells and the results show a significant increase in the ALP activity of the cells seeded on scaffolds with rhBMP-2. Further, the scaffold with both HA and bioactive glass was considered for the animal study. In-vitro, this scaffold released nearly 25% rhBMP-2 in 21-days and the addition of ZA did not affect the release. In the animal study, the scaffolds were combined with rhBMP-2 and ZA, rhBMP-2 or implanted alone in an ectopic muscle pouch model. Significantly higher bone formation was observed in the scaffold loaded with both rhBMP-2 and ZA as seen from micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
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40.
  • Shakya, Akhilesh Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Adjuvant properties of a biocompatible thermo-responsive polymer of N-isopropylacrylamide in autoimmunity and arthritis
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Society Interface. - London : The Royal Society Publishing. - 1742-5689 .- 1742-5662. ; 8:65, s. 1748-1759
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To evaluate the thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) polymer as an adjuvant, we synthesized PNiPAAm through free radical polymerization and characterized it both in vitro and in vivo. The polymer when mixed with collagen type II (CII) induced antigen-specific autoimmunity and arthritis. Mice immunized with PNiPAAm-CII developed significant levels of CII-specific IgG response comprising major IgG subclasses. Antigen-specific cellular recall response was also enhanced in these mice, while negligible level of IFN-gamma was detected in splenocyte cultures, in vitro. PNiPAAm-CII-immunized arthritic mouse paws showed massive infiltration of immune cells and extensive damage to cartilage and bone. As determined by immunostaining, most of the CII protein retained its native configuration after injecting it with PNiPAAm in naive mice. Physical adsorption of CII and the high-molecular-weight form of moderately hydrophobic PNiPAAm induced a significant anti-CII antibody response. Similar to CII, mice immunized with PNiPAAm and ovalbumin (PNiPAAm-Ova) induced significant anti-ovalbumin antibody response. Comparable levels of serum IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and IL-17 were observed in ovalbumin-immunized mice with complete Freund, incomplete Freund (CFA and IFA) or PNiPAAm adjuvants. However, serum IL-4 levels were significantly higher in PNiPAAm-Ova and CFA-Ova groups compared with the IFA-Ova group. Thus, we show for the first time, biocompatible and biodegradable thermo-responsive PNiPAAm can be used as an adjuvant in several immunological applications as well as in better understanding of the autoimmune responses against self-proteins. © 2011 The Royal Society
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41.
  • Shakya, Akhilesh Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Collagen type II and a thermo-responsive polymer of N-isopropylacrylamide induce arthritis independent of Toll-like receptors : a strong influence by major histocompatibility complex class II and Ncf1 genes
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - New York : Elsevier. - 0002-9440 .- 1525-2191. ; 179:5, s. 2490-2500
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We established and characterized an arthritis mouse model using collagen type II (CII) and a thermo-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm). The new PNiPAAm adjuvant is TLR-independent, as all immunized TLR including MyD88-deficient mice developed an anti-CII response. Unlike other adjuvants, PNiPPAm did not skew the cytokine response (IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-17), as there was no immune deviation towards any one type of immune spectrum after immunization with CII/PNiPPAm. Hence, using PNiPAAm, we studied the actual immune response to the self-protein, CII. We observed arthritis and autoimmunity development in several murine strains having different major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes after CII/PNiPAAm immunization but with a clear MHC association pattern. Interestingly, C57Bl/6 mice did not develop CII-induced arthritis, with PNiPAAm demonstrating absolute requirement for a classical adjuvant. Presence of a gene (Ncf1) mutation in the NADPH oxidation complex has a profound influence in arthritis and using PNiPAAm we could show that the high CIA severity in Ncf1 mutated mice is independent of any classical adjuvant. Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and osteoclasts but not mast cells dominated the inflamed joints. Furthermore, arthritis induction in the adjuvant-free, eosinophil-dependent Vbeta12 DBA/1 mice could be shown to develop arthritis independent of eosinophils using CII/PNiPAAm. Thus, biocompatible and biodegradable PNiPAAm offers unique opportunities to study actual autoimmunity independent of TLR and a particular cytokine phenotype profile.
  •  
42.
  • Shakya, Akhilesh Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species protects against autoimmune priming with a defined polymeric adjuvant
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Immunology. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0019-2805 .- 1365-2567. ; 147:1, s. 125-132
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Understanding the nature of adjuvants and the immune priming events in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, is a key challenge to identify their aetiology. Adjuvants are, however, complex structures with inflammatory and immune priming properties. Synthetic polymers provide a possibility to separate these functions and allow studies of the priming mechanisms in vivo. A well-balanced polymer, poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNiPAAm) mixed with collagen type II (CII) induced relatively stronger autoimmunity and arthritis compared with more hydrophilic (polyacrylamide) or hydrophobic (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-poly-N-tertbutylacrylamide and poly-N-tertbutylacrylamide) polymers. Clearly, all the synthesized polymers except the more hydrophobic poly-N-tertbutylacrylamide induced arthritis, especially in Ncf1-deficient mice, which are deficient in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We identified macrophages as the major infiltrating cells present at PNiPAAm-CII injection sites and demonstrate that ROS produced by the macrophages attenuated the immune response and the development of arthritis. Our results reveal that thermo-responsive polymers with high immune priming capacity could trigger an autoimmune response to CII and the subsequent arthritis development, in particular in the absence of NOX2 derived ROS. Importantly, ROS from macrophages protected against the autoimmune priming, demonstrating a critical regulatory role of macrophages in immune priming events. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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43.
  • Shakya, Akhilesh Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Polymeric cryogels are biocompatible, and their biodegradation is independent of oxidative radicals
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. - 1549-3296 .- 1552-4965. ; 102:10, s. 3409-3418
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biocompatibility and in vivo degradation are two important characteristics of cell scaffolds. We evaluated these properties for four different polymeric macroporous cryogels, polyvinylcaprolactam, polyvinyl alcohol-alginate-bioactive glass composite, polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate-gelatin (pHEMA-gelatin), and chitosan-agarose-gelatin in mice. All the cryogels were synthesized at subzero temperature and were implanted subcutaneously in C57Bl/10.Q inbred mice. Both local and systemic toxicities were negligible as determined by serum tumor necrosis factor α analysis and histology of surrounding tissues nearby the implants. Complete integration of cryogels into the surrounding tissues with neovascular formation was evident in all the mice. At the implantation site, massive infiltration of macrophages and few dendritic cells were observed but neutrophils and mast cells were clearly absent. Macrophage infiltrations were observed even inside the pores of cryogel implants. To ascertain whether oxidative radicals are involved in the cryogel degradation, we implanted these gels in mice deficient for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Rapid gel degradation was observed in the absence of ROS, and there was no significant difference in the biodegradation of these cryogels between ROS sufficient and deficient mice thereby excluding any major role for ROS in this process. Thus, we demonstrate the biocompatibility and ROS-independent biodegradable properties of cryogels that could be useful for tissue-specific tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 
  •  
44.
  • Singh, Prabhjot, et al. (författare)
  • Secure Healthcare Data Dissemination Using Vehicle Relay Networks
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE. - 2327-4662. ; 5:5, s. 3733-3746
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the recent years, vehicular adhoc networks (VANETs) can be an attractive choice for collecting and transferring the healthcare data of the passengers to the remote healthcare centers. In VANETs, some of the intermediate nodes may act as relay nodes in which case, these networks are called as vehicular relay networks (VRNs). However, the transmitted information in VRNs can be captured by intruders during transmission. Moreover, an attacker can launch selective forwarding, blackhole and sinkhole attacks in the network, which may in turn degrade the network performance parameters like high end-to-end delay, low packet delivery ratio and network throughput. Hence, to address these issues, a secure data dissemination scheme using VRNs is proposed. In the proposed scheme, firstly, a secure vehicular medical relay network system is designed for the users belonging to disconnected rural areas. The collected information is filtered at zonal levels before transmission to a nearby road side units (RSUs), which further pass it to the incoming vehicles. Secondly, a secure passenger health monitoring network is designed which continuously monitors health services of the passengers traveling in different vehicles. The information collected through small body sensors installed in the vehicles act as data sets that is forwarded to the on-board monitoring unit within the vehicle. This collected data is then transmitted to centralized healthcare centers for processing by using VRNs. Lastly, a strong Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)-based cryptographic solution is designed for secure communication among different vehicles. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in various network scenarios with respect to different selected parameters, such as throughput, network delay, packet delivery ratio, jitter, transmission and computation overheads, and key distribution overhead. The obtained results indicate that the proposed scheme provides improvement of 52% in average delay and 5% in packet delivery ratio. This further indicates effective message delivery even with high mobility of the vehicles. © 2018 IEEE
  •  
45.
  • Teotia, Arun Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Gelatin-Modified Bone Substitute with Bioactive Molecules Enhance Cellular Interactions and Bone Regeneration
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 8:17, s. 10775-10787
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this work, we have synthesized injectable bone cement incorporated with gelatin to enhance cellular interaction. Human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells derived bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's) and a bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid (0.2 mM)) were also incorporated to cement. In vitro studies conducted using Saos-2 demonstrated enhanced cell proliferation on gelatin (0.2%w/v) cement. The differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblast cells into bone forming cells showed 6-fold increase in ALP levels on gelatin cement. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bone biomarkers showed osteoinductive potential of gelatin cement. We investigated efficacy for local delivery of these bioactive molecules in enhancing bone substitution qualities of bone cements by implanting in 3.5 mm critical size defect in tibial metaphysis of wistar rats. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks and 16 weeks post implantation. X-ray, micro-CT, histology, and histomorphometry analysis were performed to check bone healing. The cement materials slowly resorbed from the defect site leaving HAP creating porous matrix providing surface for bone formation. The materials showed high biocompatibility and initial bridging was observed in all the animals but maximum bone formation was observed in animals implanted with cement incorporated with zoledronic acid followed by cement with BMP's compared to other groups.
  •  
46.
  • Teotia, Arun Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Nano-Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitute Functionalized with Bone Active Molecules for Enhanced Cranial Bone Regeneration
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:8, s. 6816-6828
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize a nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and calcium sulfate bone substitute (NC) for cranioplasty. The NC was functionalized with low concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and zoledronic acid (ZA) and characterized both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies included MTT, ALP assays, and fluorescent staining of Saos-2 (human osteoblasts) and MC3T3-E1 (murine preosteoblasts) cells cultured on NC. An in vivo study divided 20 male Wistar rats into four groups: control (defect only), NC, NC + ZA, and NC + ZA + rhBMP-2. The materials were implanted in an 8.5 mm critical size defect in the calvarium for 12 weeks. Micro-CT quantitative analysis was carried out in vivo at 8 weeks and ex vivo after 12 weeks. Mineralization was highest in the NC + ZA + rhBMP-2 group (13.0 ± 2.8 mm3) compared to the NC + ZA group (9.0 ± 3.2 mm3), NC group (6.4 ± 1.9 mm3), and control group (3.4 ± 1.0 mm3) after 12 weeks. Histological and spectroscopic analysis of the defect site provided a qualitative confirmation of neo-bone, which was in agreement with the micro-CT results. In conclusion, NC can be used as a carrier for bioactive molecules, and functionalization with rhBMP-2 and ZA in low doses enhances bone regeneration.
  •  
47.
  • Wazid, Mohammad, et al. (författare)
  • A Novel Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Implantable Medical Devices Deployment
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2168-2194 .- 2168-2208. ; 2:4, s. 1299-1309
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are man-made devices, which can be implanted in the human body to improve the functioning of various organs. The IMDs monitor and treat physiological condition of the human being (for example, monitoring of blood glucose level by insulin pump). The advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) enhances the communication capabilities of IMDs. In healthcare applications, after mutual authentication, a user (for example, doctor) can access the health data from the IMDs implanted in a patient's body. However, in this kind of communication environment, there are always security and privacy issues such as leakage of health data and malfunctioning of IMDs by an unauthorized access.
  •  
48.
  • Wazid, Mohammad, et al. (författare)
  • Design and Analysis of Secure Lightweight Remote User Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme in Internet of Drones Deployment
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - : IEEE. - 2327-4662. ; 6:2, s. 3572-3584
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Internet of Drones (IoD) provides a coordinated access to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are referred as drones. The on-going miniaturization of sensors, actuators, and processors with ubiquitous wireless connectivity makes drones to be used in a wide range of applications ranging from military to civilian. Since most of the applications involved in the IoD are real-time based, the users are generally interested in accessing real-time information from drones belonging to a particular fly zone. This happens if we allow users to directly access real-time data from flying drones inside IoD environment and not from the server. This is a serious security breach which may deteriorate performance of any implemented solution in this IoD environment. To address this important issue in IoD, we propose a novel lightweight user authentication scheme in which a user in the IoD environment needs to access data directly from a drone provided that the user is authorized to access the data from that drone. The formal security verification using the broadly-accepted Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool along with informal security analysis show that our scheme is secure against several known attacks. The performance comparison demonstrates that our scheme is efficient with respect to various parameters, and it provides better security as compared to those for the related existing schemes. Finally, the practical demonstration of our scheme is done using the widely-accepted NS2 simulation.
  •  
49.
  • Wazid, Mohammad, et al. (författare)
  • Design of secure key management and user authentication scheme for fog computing services
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Future generations computer systems. - : Elsevier. - 0167-739X .- 1872-7115. ; 91, s. 475-492
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fog computing (fog networking) is known as a decentralized computing infrastructure in which data, applications, compute as well as data storage are scattered in the most logical and efficient place among the data source (i.e., smart devices) and the cloud. It gives better services than cloud computing because it has better performance with reasonably low cost. Since the cloud computing has security and privacy issues, and fog computing is an extension of cloud computing, it is therefore obvious that fog computing will inherit those security and privacy issues from cloud computing. In this paper, we design a new secure key management and user authentication scheme for fog computing environment, called SAKA-FC. SAKA-FC is efficient as it only uses the lightweight operations, such as one-way cryptographic hash function and bitwise exclusive-OR (XOR), for the smart devices as they are resource-constrained in nature. SAKA-FC is shown to be secure with the help of the formal security analysis using the broadly accepted Real-Or-Random (ROR) model, the formal security verification using the widely-used Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool and also the informal security analysis. In addition, SAKA-FC is implemented for practical demonstration using the widely-used NS2 simulator.
  •  
50.
  • Wazid, Mohammad, et al. (författare)
  • Secure Authentication Scheme for Medicine Anti-Counterfeiting System in IoT Environment
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2327-4662. ; 4:5, s. 1634-1646
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A counterfeit drug is a medication or pharmaceutical product which is manufactured and made available on the market to deceptively represent its origin, authenticity and effectiveness, etc., and causes serious threats to the health of a patient. Counterfeited medicines have an adverse effect on the public health and cause revenue loss to the legitimate manufacturing organizations. In this paper, we propose a new authentication scheme for medicine anti-counterfeiting system in the Internet of Things environment which is used for checking the authenticity of pharmaceutical products (dosage forms). The proposed scheme utilizes the near field communication (NFC) and is suitable for mobile environment, which also provides efficient NFC update phase. The security analysis using the widely accepted real-or-random model proves that the proposed scheme provides the session key security. The proposed scheme also protects other known attacks which are analyzed informally. Furthermore, the formal security verification using the broadly accepted automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool shows that the proposed scheme is secure. The scheme is efficient with respect to computation and communication costs, and also it provides additional functionality features when compared to other existing schemes. Finally, for demonstration of the practicality of the scheme, we evaluate it using the broadly accepted NS2 simulation
  •  
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