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- Kyriazis, Angelos, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic ventilation He-3 MRI for the quantification of disease in the rat lung
- 2012
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - 0018-9294 .- 1558-2531. ; 59, s. 777-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary diseases are known to be largely inhomogeneous. To evaluate such inhomogeneities, we are testing an image-based method to measure gas flow in the lung regionally. Dynamic, spin-density-weighted hyperpolarized He MR images performed during slow inhalation of this gas were analyzed to quantify regional inflation rate. This parameter was measured in regions of interest (ROIs) that were defined by a rectangular grid that covered the entire rat lung and grew dynamically with it during its inflation. We used regional inflation rate to quantify elastase-induced emphysema and to differentiate healthy ( n8) from elastase-treated ( n9) rat lungs as well as healthy from elastase-treated areas of one rat unilaterally treated with elastase in the left lung. Emphysema was also assessed by gold standard morphological and well-established hyperpolarized He MRI diffusion measurements. Mean values of regional inflation rates were significantly different for healthy and elastase-treated animals and correlated well with the apparent diffusion coefficient of He and morphological measurements. The image-based biomarker inflation rate may be useful for the assessment of regional lung ventilation. © 2011 IEEE.
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| 3. |
- Clarke, Rodney, et al.
(författare)
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A Research Proposal for Modelling Structural and Semantic Complexityin Online Consumer Behaviour
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumers often face considerable frustration when purchasing high involvement products characterised as structurally and/or semantically complex. This is exacerbated in online buying situations where the limitations of computer mediated communication come into play. To help overcome this problem this paper proposes expanding existing research streams and adding aspects of communication theory such as social semiotics to gain insights into consumer needs online. These insights go beyond the major limitation of current online consumer behaviour modelling which has focussed on predicting the probability of online purchase for standardised search type products like books and CDs by examining complex purchases. This paper reviews the needs of consumers in a complex purchase process and proposes a research program, based on a fusion of current research practices and communication theory, to the enable development of a responsive system-based dialogue between vendors and consumers
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| 4. |
- Clarke, Rodney, et al.
(författare)
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Communication and Coalition: Rethinking Neocapitalist Definitions of Knowledge Management
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developments in the theory of Knowledge Management have occurred in lock step with our understanding of the importance of capital and in particular the intangible elements of social capital of which "knowledge" and its production and reception are normally associated. Further elaboration of the concept of social capital has led to the development of neocapital, which has gained currency within the field of Human Resources for example. However, an examination of the factors that constitute the received definition of "neocapital" suggests that the theory building used to construct it has been in reaction to developments in other disciplines, rather than any fundamental unified theory that underpins these factors.Building on Scandinavian and European research into information systems using perspectives gained from the Organisational Semiotics (OS), Language Action Perspective (LAP), and Action Language Organisations and Information Systems (ALOIS) communities, we demonstrate how the adoption of communication-centric theory can provide a more unified approach to understanding the factors that comprise neocapital especially as it pertains to knowledge management definitions in organisational settings.Rethinking neocapital from a communication-theory perspective enables us to examine the structural, functional and semantic characteristics of community and coalition. We utilise a socio-semantic, contextual and functional model of language that has been gainfully employed within the information systems discipline to research organisations and apply it to theorise community and coalitions and their associated knowledge resources and processes. We focus our discussion on defining and exemplifying one set of communication resources known as the reference system. The reference system comprises the language resources social agents use to introduce and subsequent refer to different kinds of participants in communication (people, places and things) relevant to given situational and cultural contents. By selecting relevant completed acts of communication and analysing them for reference resources we can identify and describe the people, places and things that distinguish social groups and coalitions from one or another. By demonstrating how knowledge about communication enables us to identify communities and coalitions over time, we also demonstrate how communication constitutes knowledge within communities and coalitions
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| 5. |
- Clarke, Rodney, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting the information needs of carers of children with disabilities : a case for the use of virtual communities
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the initial diagnosis parents of children with a disability need timely and accurate information to effectively manage their childs condition. Focussing on the findings of a collaborative research project examining the needs of parents of children with a disability (0- 12 years) the study identifies several information related factors adding to parental stress levels. These include a lack of awareness of support services, application processes, and disability specific information. To overcome the limitations of existing information delivery approaches we propose creating a wiki-based virtual community to serve as a user friendly one-stop shop for carers . Such a community would give them greater access to the lived experience and empathy of other parents who have successfully managed their childs condition
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| 9. |
- Patel, M., et al.
(författare)
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Language for learning complex human-object interactions
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781467356411 ; , s. 4997-5002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we use a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM) to represent and learn complex activities/task performed by humans/robots in everyday life. Action primitives are used as a grammar to represent complex human behaviour and learn the interactions and behaviour of human/robots with different objects. The main contribution is the use of a probabilistic model capable of representing behaviours at multiple levels of abstraction to support the proposed hypothesis. The hierarchical nature of the model allows decomposition of the complex task into simple action primitives. The framework is evaluated with data collected for tasks of everyday importance performed by a human user.
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| 10. |
- Serrano, J., et al.
(författare)
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Saccharin Stimulates Insulin Secretion Dependent on Sweet Taste Receptor-Induced Activation of PLC Signaling Axis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9059. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Saccharin is a common artificial sweetener and a bona fide ligand for sweet taste receptors (STR). STR can regulate insulin secretion in beta cells, so we investigated whether saccharin can stimulate insulin secretion dependent on STR and the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) signaling. Methods: We performed in vivo and in vitro approaches in mice and cells with loss-of-function of STR signaling and specifically assessed the involvement of a PLC signaling cascade using real-time biosensors and calcium imaging. Results: We found that the ingestion of a physiological amount of saccharin can potentiate insulin secretion dependent on STR. Similar to natural sweeteners, saccharin triggers the activation of the PLC signaling cascade, leading to calcium influx and the vesicular exocytosis of insulin. The effects of saccharin also partially require transient receptor potential cation channel M5 (TRPM5) activity. Conclusions: Saccharin ingestion may transiently potentiate insulin secretion through the activation of the canonical STR signaling pathway. These physiological effects provide a framework for understanding the potential health impact of saccharin use and the contribution of STR in peripheral tissues. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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